GERMANY GENERAL Area.... 472,037 sq. km. Inhabitants (1925)... 63,318,753 Per sq. km... I34.I Length of railway (1922).57,46 km. I. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY AUTHORITY AND ITS ORGANS The President of the Reich is the supreme head of all the land and sea forces. Under his orders the Minister of National Defence of the Reich exercises actual command over all the armed forces. At the head of the army of the Reich is a general officer, chief of the army command, who is under the Minister of National Defence. He acts as military adviser to the Minister and represents him in army matters which are of purely military character. At the head of the navy is an admiral, who is Naval Commander-in-Chief. I. MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENCE. The Ministry of National Defence is composed of a military board and a naval board, which are advisory bodies under the direct orders of the Minister and whose duties consist in giving advisory opinions. The military board contains 5 Sections: (i) " Adjutantur ", or Minister's Personal Staff. (2) Intelligence Service. (3) Army Section. (4) Budget Section. (5) Section of Legal Questions (including ecclesiastical affairs) and of disputed claims. (6) Library of National Defence. II. ARMY COMMAND (Heeresleitung). The Army Command includes: Staff of the army command. Military Training Section. It is divided into 4 Branches.
GERMANY 473 I. - Personnel Branch. Personnel services; questions concerning army officers and staff officers. This Bureau is divided into 3 Departments: (i) Personnel Department No. i, dealing with officers ; a Quarters Section is attached to this Department. (2) Personnel Department No. 2, dealing with questions of discipline, complaints, etc. (3) Pensions Department. II. - Troops Branch, for the study of questions of military policy. This office is composed of 4 Sections and i Commission : (i) Army Section. (2) Military Organisation Section. (3) Military Statistics Section. (4) Intelligence Service Section. (5) Military Commission, dealing with questions connected with the execution of the Treaty of Peace ; it has two offices attached to it. III. - Military Administration Branch. The Military Administration consists of 5 Sections: (i) Military Officials. (2) Barracks and Training Grounds. (3) Accountancy and Pay. (4) Supplies and Clothing. (5) Works. IV. - Armaments Office. Supply of arms and military material. This Office consists of 3 Sections: (i) Arms and Ammunition. (2) Military Material. (3) Arsenals. To the Army Command are also attached the following 9 Inspection Staffs Army Inspection of Training and Education. Army Inspection of Infantry. Army Inspection of Cavalry. Army Inspection of Artillery. Army Inspection of Engineers and Fortresses. Army Inspection of Transport Troops. Army Inspection of Signal Troops. Army Inspection of Medical Service. Army Inspection of Veterinary Service. B. TERRITORIAL MILITARY AREAS (Wehrkreise) DISTRICT AND FORTIFICATION COMMANDS (i) Territorial Military Divisions. The territory is divided into 7 military areas, corresponding to the 7 infantry divisions: K6nigsberg, Stettin, Berlin, Dresden, Stuttgart, Munster and Munich.
474 GERMANY (2) District Commands. Some of these military areas comprise a certain number of District Commands corresponding to the former States. There are at present five, in the following States: Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemberg, Baden, Hesse. In Prussia the Ministry of the State acts as District Command. Within the limits of their competence, the district commanders are responsible for safeguarding the interests of the country and particularly for being regardful of the special character of the local contingent and the economic requirements of the country. The district commanders are appointed by the President of the Reich on the nomination of the respective State Governments. The district commanders are responsible particularly for the following duties : (i) they must draw the attention of the Government of the State to all important facts noted within their area having any relation to the execution of Section 2 of the National Defence Law (which deals with the organisation of District Commands) ; (2) in agreement with the Governments of the States, they must defend the interests of the local contingents, before the superior, authorities, as regards the appointment of commanders and of officials, and as regards the recruitment of the army of the Reich. In the event of public calamity, or when public order is threatened, the local armed force is obliged, at the request of the State Governments, to give its assistance to the authorities specified by these Governments. Such a request can only be made if the forces at the immediate disposal of the Governments are insufficient. The request must be addressed to the commander of the military district or of the naval station, and, in the case of imminent danger, to the nearest military commander. (3) Fortification Commands. (Festungskommadandanturen.) There are 24 Fortification Commands. Number of Number of Place Military Area Place Military Area Berlin... III. Loetzen.. I. Breslau... III. Magdeburg.... IV. Custrin... III. Marienburg.... I. Cuxhaven... III. Munich... VII. Dresden.IV. Munster...... VI. Mouth of the Ems.. VI. Oppeln... III. Glats... III. Pillau.... I. Glogau... III. Stettin... II. Hanover... VI. Stuttgart...... V. Ingolstadt... VII. Swinemunde..II. Kiel.. Maritime Station. Ulm. V. K6nigsberg (Pr.)... W. ilhelmshaven.. VI. (4) Army Training Grounds. The following army training grounds are in use: Altengrabow, Arys, Doeberitz, Grafenwoehr, Hammerstein, Jueterborg (for artillery), Koenigsbrueck, Muensingen, Munster, Neuhammer, Ohrdruf, Senne, Kummersdorf, Klausdorf (for engineers).
GERMANY 475 C. HIGHER UNITS The German army is divided into 2 Group Commands (Gruppenkommando). Each Group Command has two Staffs. Each Staff comprises two categories of officers: one called officers of General Staff consisting solely of Staff Officers; the other, Staff officers, composed of officers who do not belong to the General Staff. The first Group Command contains 4 divisions and 2 cavalry divisions; the second 3 divisions and I cavalry division. In all there are therefore 7 divisions and 3 cavalry divisions. Each division consists of 3 regiments of infantry, i regiment of artillery, i pioneer battalion ; I signal section, i motor transport section, i horse transport section and i medical section. Each cavalry division is composed of 6 regiments and i group of horse artillery (3 batteries). D. ARMS AND SERVICES. In/antry. The infantry consists of 21I line regiments of 3 battalions each : each regiment includes i trench-mortar company. There are also 21 depot battalions. Regiments consist of i6 companies (including 3 instructional companies). Cavalry. The cavalry consists of i8 regiments of 4 squadrons each. There are also i8 depot squadrons and 7 squadrons acting as divisional cavalry. Artillery. The artillery consists of 7 regiments of 3 groups of 3 batteries each. There are also 7 instructional batteries and 3 groups of horse artillery. Engineers. The engineers are composed of 7 battalions of pioneers. Each battalion consists of 2 companies. Train. Consists of i4 groups: 7 horse-drawn and 7 motor-drawn. Medical Service: 7 groups. Communications Troops: 7 groups. I Veterinary Experimental Station, Berlin. 3 Military Lehrschmieden (Berlin, Hanover and Munich). i Engineering Work Shop (Sch6neberg). Arsenals and Munition Factories : There are 3 Arsenals, 2 of which have attached a Munition Factory, and 5 independent Munition factories (Stettin, Jiiterborg, Zeithain, Hanover and Ingolstadt).
476 GERMANY SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS. Battalions Squadrons Companies Batteries G. 11 S Infantry... 7 2i 63 21 -- 273 63 --- Cavalry... 3 i8 79 I8 -- Artillery...... -- 7 -- - 24 72 7 Engineers... 7 - - 14 - - - Train............ Medical Service.... 7 Communications Troops... -- 7 - Total... o 46 70 21 79 i8 287 63 52 72 7 1 Including 3 groups of horse artillery. ' Horse-drawn and motor-drawn. 91 97 350 79 E. RECRUITING SYSTEM. Universal compulsory military service was abolished by the Treaty of Versailles. The German army may only be constituted and recruited by means of voluntary enlistment. All persons wishing to adopt a military career must enlist for a period of 12 consecutive years in the army or navy of the Reich. Non-commissioned officers and privates must, in principle, be discharged at the expiration of their term of service of 12 years. Not later than three months before the day of their discharge they must be informed of the intention to discharge them; otherwise the contract will be regarded as prolonged for one year unless the soldier claims his discharge. Should the exigencies of the service demand that they should not be immediately discharged at the end of their twelfth year, soldiers may be kept under the colours beyond their term of enlistment by a decision of the Ministry of National Defence of the Reich. During their term of service of 12 years, non-commissioned officers and privates may, if particularly serious reasons exist, apply through their superiors for the cancellation of their contract before its expiration. The Government has the right of cancelling contracts under certain conditions. The proportion of noncommissioned officers and men leaving the service before the expiration of their term of enlistment may not in any one year exceed 5 % of the maximum effectives of non-commissioned officers and men. Officers. - Any member of the land and sea forces may be appointed to the highest ranks according to his capacities and services. Before being granted a commission, the candidate must undertake in writing to serve as an officer for at least 25 consecutive years. If the candidate, on the date of being granted his commission, has served more than 4 years, this period of service shall be counted in his new period of enlistment.
GERMANY 477 At the expiration of the period for which he has enlisted, an officer may ask to be placed finally on the retired list, and this request must be granted unless the exigencies of the service are against his immediate release. In certain cases the contract of an officer may be terminated before the expiration of his period of enlistment (if the officer no longer possesses the physical or intellectual aptitude or the necessary qualifications for the exercise of his profession, or if the private circumstances of the officer have materially changed). In the army of the Reich the proportion of officers and military officials having the rank of officers who leave the service before the expiration of their term of enlistment must not in any one year exceed 5 0/0 of the maximum effectives of officers and military officials. ARMY SCHOOLS. There are 4 Army Schools (under the direction of the Ministry of National Defence (Inspection of Training and Education) Infantry School at Dresden; Cavalry School at Hanover; Artillery School at J uterborg; Engineering School at Munich. F. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES (I926) A. Officers..<,4.4f 8l~ Q ~> 60 ;, Total Infantry... I 23 I29 505 885 1,543 Cavalry... I i8 40 136 4Io 605 Artillery..... 7 39 I52 405 604 Engineers.-... - - 9 28 42 79 Communications Troops... 7 21 49 77 Train..... I4 56 91 161 Medical Corps.. 7 i4 42 63 Special Corps... 3 14 22 57 325 210 34 665 Medical and Veterinary Officers. - - Total Officers... 1 3 14 25 105 570 1,122 1,958 3,797 B. Non-commissioned Officers and Men. Non- Commissioned Privates Total Officers Infantry...... Io,406 0... 41,078 51,484 Cavalry... 2,991 12,776 I5,767 Artillery.... 2,288 8,365 Io,653 Pioneers 685 2,153 2,838 Communications Troops 525 1,554 2,079 Train... I,253 4,319 5,572 Medical Corps.... 8o6,994 2,800 Special Corps.... 1,314 2,258 3,572 Total... 20,268 74,497 94,765
478 GERMANY C. Total of Officers, Non-commissioned Officers and Men. Officers... 4,290 Non-Commissioned Officers... 20,268 Privates... 74,497 Grand Total. 99,055 SECURITY POLICE (Schutzpolizei). The Security Police (Schutzpolizei) is not under the Reich but under the various States. It has no connection with the military organs and does not receive military training. II. Navy. LIST OF UNITS (1925) Battleships: i. Hanover (1905) Displacement : 13,200 tons. Length 430 feet. Beam 2. Schleswig-Holstein 724/6 feet. Mean draught 251/4 feet. H.P. 17,000=I8kts. (I906) Guns :4 II-inch, 14 6.7-inch, 20 3.4-inch. 5 torpedo- 3. Schlesien (190o6) tubes (I9.7-inch). 4. Braunschweig (1902) Displacement: 13,200 tons. Length 430 feet. Beam 5. Elsass (1903) 724/5 feet. Mean draught 253/4 feet. H.P. 6. Lothringen (1904) i6,ooo = i8 kts. Guns : 4 II-inch, 14 6.7-inch, 7. Hessen (I903) 8 3.4-inch. 5 torpedo-tubes (I9.7-inch). 8. Preussen (i903) Old Cruisers: i. Ermden (I925) Normal displacement: 6,000 metric tons. Length 5o8/2 feet. Beam 4734 feet. Draught (mean) 17 2 feet. H.P. 45,000 = 29 kts. Guns : 10 5.9-inch, 3 22-pdr. 4 torpedo-tubes (23.6-inch). 2. Hamburg (1903) Normal displacement : 3,250 tons. Dimensions: 3. Berlin (I903) 362.9 X 43.3 X I71/ feet (maximum draught). H.P. Io,ooo = 22 kts. Guns : Hamburg, Io 4.I-inch. Berlin, 8 4.I-inch. Can carry Io8 mines each. Torpedo-tubes: 2 50-cm. 4. Arkona (1902) Displacement: 2,700 tons. Dimensions: 342.4 X40.3 x 171/4 feet (maximum draught). H.P. 8,000-21.5 kts. Guns: io 4.i-inch. Torpedo-tubes; 2 5o-cm. Can carry 400 mines. 5. Nymphe (1899) Normal displacement : 2,600-2,650 tons. Dimensions: 6. Thetis (1900) 342.4 x 38.7 x I71/4 feet (maximum draught). 7. Amazone (1900) H.P. 8,000 = 21 kts. Guns ; io 4.I-inch. Amazone 8. Medusa (1900) and Nymphe : 8 4.I-inch. Torpedo-tubes : 2 5o-cm. 9. Niobe (1899)
32 (+ i bldg.) destroyers and torpedo-boats: GERMANY 479 Total Class Begun Completed Displace- Nominal ment H.P. tubes T. Coal, Oil I W 102 I924 Bldg. 773 4 3 S 18-23 I912 1914 570 15,000 4 I35/55 9 V Ii7 I9II I92 564 I 5,000 4 140/60 tons tons { T 9o I} Io 9I 648-656 i6,ooo 4 I65/55 2 T85 T 75 / 190o9 1910 636-654 I6,00o 4 I70/45 I T 68 I908 I909 613-636 14,000 3 6o/40o 8 T 58-5I 1907 190o8 554 Io,250 3 160/83 7 T 4 9-3 9 190o6 1907 530 I0,000 3 190/72 Miscellaneous : 6i different units (gunboats, fleet tender, mine-sweepers, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS Number Tonnage D epreciated Battleships and battle cruisers... 8 10o,6oo 6,66o Cruisers... 9 28,400 Destroyers and torpedo boats.... 32 18,147 - Miscellaneous craft 2.4... 4 2,520 172 Total.... 154,667 6,832 Effectives: Officers... 1,500 Men... 13,500 Total... 15,000 1 Depreciated tonnage (on January ist, 1926) is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous craft, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of '/2, per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of 1/17 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of I/I2 per annum from date of completion, 2 Under the heading Miscellaneous craft, only sloops, gunboats, river gunboats and despatch vessels are shown,
480 GERMANY III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year covers the period April ist to March 3ist. The budget estimates for the financial year 1924-25 were submitted to Parliament in March I924 and the estimates for 1925-26 were submitted in January 1925. (2) The estimates are divided into two separate budgets : (a) General administration of the State; (b) Execution of the Peace Treaty (1924-25) or War Charges (I925-26). Each of these budgets is subdivided into ordinary and extraordinary expenditure and the ordinary expenditure into permanent and temporary expenditure. Defence expenditure is charged to the ordinary section of the general administration budget, with the exception of a minor item on account of adaptation of arms and ammunition factories, which is charged to the budget of war charges. (3) The German budget is a gross budget, and receipts collected by the various departments in the course of their activities are, consequently, not set off against expenditure but accounted for on the revenue side of the budget. (4) Prior to I919 the four Kingdoms of the German Empire were entitled to have military organisations of their own, but, in accordance with the Constitution of i919, all military and naval functions came directly under the control of the Central Government. (5) Owing to the difficulties of comparing data referring to the inflation period with the subsequent expenditure in gold marks, the following review has been confined to an analysis of the defence expenditure in the budget estimates for 1924-25 and I925-26. Closed accounts for the financial year 1924-25 were published in April I926. B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure. I924-25 1925-26 1926-27 Closed Accounts Estimates Estimates Defence Department: Marks (ooo,ooo's omitted) Ordinary expenditure: Permanent... 426.6 465.2 559.8 Temporary.. 63.2 81.2 96.3 Extraordinary expenditure..-... 9 20.5 29.7 Execution of the Peace Treaty... 7.1 23.7 II.I Total expenditure.4978 590.6 696.9
GERMANY 481 NOTES. (i) These figures do not include pensions or interest on debt. (2) For the maintenance of internal order the Federal Government gives substantial grants-in-aid to the Laender towards meeting their police expenditure. These grants amounted to 187.1 million marks in I924-25 and 190 million marks have been voted in each of the budgets for 1925-26 and I926-27 (in the former under the heading "Ministry of the Interior"; in the latter under "General Financial Administration "). (3) The amounts shown in the table are appropriated for: 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 Marks (ooo,ooo's omitted) The Minister... -. 8 -. 9 i.- The Army... 379.9 410.9 481.4 The Navy.... - I55. - 203.3 Adaptation of ammunition factories, etc... 7.1 23.7.Ii Total... 497.8 590.6 696.8 II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure. (i) The ordinary permanent expenditure on defence includes 8i6,ooo marks in i924-25 (closed accounts), 938,000 marks in 1925-26 and i,o4i,ooo marks in 1926-27, for the Minister of Defence and his staff.
482 GERMANY (2) The following table shows details of the appropriations for the Army : I924-25 I925-26 I926-27 Closed co Estimates Estimates Accounts Ordinary permanent expenditure Marks (ooo's omitted) Commands, etc... 3,459 4,156 5,227 Pay to commands and troops... 121,716 121,084 I45,979 Schools......... 7,195 8,667 10,538 Arms and ammunition.... 53,485 63,679 71,255 Artillery... 9,840 10,565 12,023 Engineering and fortifications... 9,261 11,666 12,324 Transport... IO,17 Io,457 11,657 Intelligence Department... 6,076 5,943 6,972 Supply Service administration... 3,782 3,972 4,699 Religion... 222 259 369 Military courts... 306 586 440 Medical service.... 4,178 4,285 5,358 Veterinary service... 1,562 1,440 1,571 New horses... 8,453 8,5oi 9,936 Food... 43,46'3 45,750 62,055 Clothing and equipment... 24,515 23,513 25,908 Barracks, etc... 25,728 29,724 35,944 Building administration.... 941 997 1,178 Travelling and removal expenses.... 3,696 4,396 4,940 Military assistance.... 550 Miscellaneous expenses.... 229 1,246 1,324 Total... 338,828 360,886 429,697 Army services outside the fighting forces... 197 243 312 Total Permanent Expenditure.. 339,025 36I,I29 430,009 Ordinary temporary expenditure: Stationery....... 220 - - Schools... 2,955 1,764 2,680 Arms and ammunition...... 12,048 13,864 25,749 Artillery... 1,446 1,032 1,092 Engineering and fortifications... 1,967 3,59I 3,385 Transport... 517 270 2,555 Intelligence department... 3,164-1,216 Medical service... 47 150 420 New horses............. 325 3,127 Food....218-380 Clothing... 83 215 340 Barracks, grounds, etc.... 10,840 9,470 9,179 Travelling and removal expenses... 130 104 80 Miscellaneous expenses..... 5,948 18,299 Total... 39,908 48,759 50,203 Extraordinary expenditure: Army services outside the fighting forces... 930 i,oo000 1,200 Total Temporary Expenditure... 40,838 49,759 51,403 Grand Total, Army Expenditure.. 379,863 410,888 481,412
GERMANY 483 The following table shows details of the appropriations for the Navy : I924-25 1925-26 I926-27 Accounts Closed Estimates Estimates Ordinary permanent expenditure: Marks (ooo's omitted) Central administration.... 2570 2,93 3,57 Observatory... i6 22 27 Paymasters and accountancy... 88 545 683 Naval courts..... 148 165 182 Religion................... 57 60 78 Commands and troops.. 18,697 20,545 22,594 Maintenance... 12,786 15,902 19,809 Supplies on shore... 2,260 2,286 2,775 Clothing... 3,465 3,502 4,I86 Barracking, etc... 2,661 3,350 3,854 Buildings... 1,238 182 I99 Horses and motors... 424 593 656 Medical services.... 1,26o0 1,177 1,406 Travelling and removal expenses and postal, telegraph and telephone charges... 1,847 1,826 2,118 Schools... 847 1,432 1,821 Dockyards... 20,018 27,694 37,039 Artillery and fortifications.. 10,909 12,502 15,846 Torpedoes...,569 3,090 4,302 Mines...... 1,590 1,911 2,722 Coastguards, etc... i,4,426 1,490 Miscellaneous expenses..2,383 1,965 3,62 Total Permanent Expenditure... 86,744 Io03,148 128,706 Ordinary temporary and extraordinary expenditure: New ships and armament.7,753 33,514 54,147 Dockyards...,331 579 2,838 Artillery and fortifications.4,800 4,995 7,039 Torpedoes... 650 1,045 Mines Mlines.5,399.................... 5399 2,030 3,510 3,51O Barracks... 525 x85 1,194 Miscellaneous expenses... 3,410 9,992 4,849 Total Temporary and Extraordinary Expenditure... 23,218 51,945 74,622 Grand Total, Navy Expenditure... 109,962 155,093 203,328 NOTES. (i) Gross expenditure of dockyards and other naval factories is included in the naval estimates. (2) The extraordinary appropriations for the Navy, estimated to amount to 19,477,150 marks in 1925-26 and to 28,537,500 marks in 1926-27, have been transferred to the ordinary temporary budget in which the various items of expenditure are shown. If the amount of extraordinary appropriations be deducted, the remaining temporary expenditure would be 32,467,370 and 46,084,860 marks respectively.
484 GERMANY Defence appropriations in the budget of War Charges include: 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 Closed Acloseds Estimates Estimates Accounts (a) Appropriations common to the Army and the Marks (ooo's omitted) Navy: one time contribution for the adaptation of arms and ammunition factories which have been permitted by the Allied Powers, and for compensation to owners of patents, etc..... 6,939 23,6o10 10o,96o (b) Miscellaneous expenditure on naval personnel required in fulfilment of certain clauses of the Peace Treaty, including some allowances to staff... 177 III 99 Total... 7,116 23,721 1I,059 III. Receipts by the Defence Department. Receipts collected by the Defence Department in the course of its activities are estimated at: 1924-25 I925-26 1926-27 Ordinary budget: Marks (ooo's omitted) Army... 5,331 5,68i 8,163 Navy........ 2,394 1,560 1,624 Extraordinary budget... --,ooo I,ooo Total... 7,725 8,241 10,787 IV. Pensions Service. Military and naval pensions are accounted for in a special section of the budget dealing with pensions. The estimates for pensions are as follows: 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 Pensions to officers and men : Marks (ooo's omitted) The new army and navy.... - 53,152 The old army and navy (war pensions).... -- -- 591,876 Total... Pensions to dependents of officers and men : 424,264 552,651 645,028 The new army and navy... -- -- 1,I25 The old army and navy (war pensions)... --- 779,745 Total... 54I,65 695,957 780,870 In addition there are the following appropriations for assistance in special cases: Assistance to dependents... 1,630 3,500 5,400 Other allowances... 940 1,638 1,996 Medical treatment.... 28,760 30,705 31,102 Various expenses... 1,153 2,065 2,350 Grand total of pensions... 997,912 1,286,516 1,466,746 The appropriations for military and naval pensions (including war pensions to dependents) are thus larger than the appropriations for the present defence organisation.
GERMANY 485 IV. Production and Exchange of Goods of Importance for National Defence'. (P = Production; I = Imports; E = Exports.) I. FUEL (A) COAL, ETC. 192I I922 1923 I924 I925 Coal Metric tons (ooo's). 2 P 136,214 129,965 62,225 118,827 132,729 I 918 12,598 25,352 I3,202 7,608 E 4,151 5,087 1,209 2,795 13,646 Lignite 2 P I23,0IO I37,073 118,249 I24,345 139,790 1 2,662 2,016 1,456 2,078 2,295 E I8 14 II 32 33 Coke P 28,901 30,225 I4,071 24,885 26,810 I 13 289 1,503 339 69 E 691 921 271 865 3,776 Briquettes P 35,179 28,796 33,759 a 38,635 I I 39 144 144 37 E 44 39 15 98 799 (B) PETROLEUM. P 38 42 51 59 79 Crude oil I 58 79 39 67 132 Heavy benzine I 29 54 59 73 13' E o.i 0.1 2.2 0.7 i.9 Kerosene I, 14 193 77 98 146 E 0.5 o.i Gas oil I 20 54 73 87 139 E - 0.8 0.2 0.6 I.I Lubricating oil I 249 290 155 251 306 E 2 4 12 19 31 II. ORES AND METALS (A) ORES. 1921 1922 I923 1924 1925 Metric tons (ooo's). Iron P 5,824 5,928 5,x18 4,457 5,923 I 6,521 11,014 2,377 3,076 11,540 E 49 x73 255 129 202 'Manganese P ii6 134 104 172 I 178 298 68 41 199 E 13.9 38.9 7.6 0.4 0.4 Copper P 623 712 762 787 811 "I 67 132 45 36 86 E I I 13 12 21 1 From July ist, 1922, Polish Upper Silesia is excluded. For 921x, exports relate to the period May-December only. 2 Excluding Saar and Palatinate. 3 Estimate. * Including ore, matte and calcined cupreous pyrites.
486 GERMANY (A) ORES (continued). I921 1922 1923 I924 I925 Metric tons (ooo's). Pyrites P 414 329 I93 i6o 223 I 1 393 871 404 454 933 1E 4.I 8.I 0.9 4.I ii.7 Lead P 84 63 68 ioo I 2I 32 I3 21 35 E -- 1.7 2.7 i.8 7.3 Zinc P 297 98 78 103 I 27 73 39 I25 92 E 8 32 43 50 74 Bauxite P io 15 7 3 Nickel I - 0.3 0.2 o.6 2.8 Wolfram I 22.9 5.8 3.7 2.4 4.0 (B) SCRAP IRON. I 560 644 174 44 249 E 13 98 381 397 286 (C) METALS. Pig iron P 7,462 9,190 4,936 7,812 I0,177 I 131 294 301, 260 202 E i68 I65 79 56 I96 Ferro-alloys I 5 12 13 4 4 E 7 15 13 Ir 30 Steel ingots and castings P 9,265 11,314 6,305 9,835 I2,194 Finished steel P 7,520 8,878 4,777 7,344 9,294 Iron and steel 21 539 1,550 1,446 1,026 993 products 2E 1,450 2,394 1,236 1,491 3,037 Copper P 25.0 32.0 26.2 34.8 39.0 31 II3.1 141.3 90.3 114.7 222.5 3 E I5.8 24.9 23-7 36.I 51.9 Lead P 25.0 25.0 3I.9 44.5 50.0 31 32 85.4 36.2 52.6 138.8 3 E 9.0 i6.8 12.9 15.8 18.7 Zinc P 66.5 41.5 34-9 40.9 58.6 31 :2.3 30.8 46.4 59.5 I31-0 3 E 23.2 26.3 9.4 7.7 24.7 Nickel 4 I.8 2.6 1.4 1.4 2.5 E -- 0.2 0.8 0.7 Aluminium P I4.0 14.0 I5.9 18.7 25.0 51 2 4 5 5 II 5E 1.8 2.9 3.3 4.7 7.6 III. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS (A RAW MATERIALS. 1921 1922 I923 1924 1925 Metric tons (ooo's). Nitrate of soda I 0.2 31 11 12 25 E 0.2 0.5 0.5 8.0 15.4 Sulphur 6 P I51.2 ii8.i 62.8 48.1 I 27 6I 53 68 Io6 E 2.2 6.3 45.9 37.2 57.7 Salt P 2,000 3,127 1,931 2,004 I o.i 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 E 497 964 746 731 717 Including other sulphur ores. 2 Iron and steel (other than pig and scrap). 3 Crude and semi-manufactured. 4 Unwrought nickel, coin and scrap. 5 Crud and semi-manufactured. 6 Sulphur content of pyrites.
GERMANY 487 (B) MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS. 1921 1922 1923 1924 I925 Metric tons (ooo's). Sulphate of ammonia P 880 1,191 1 I,200 1 I,200 1,200 I 0.06 i.8 0.3 0.8 0.3 E ii.6 13.7 119.2 104.3 344.4 Cyanamide of calcium P 250 238 250 250 1 250 I 1.9 i.3 I.0 2.6 1.2 Sulphuric acid P 954 1,040 744 961 I 7.3 94-2 Io6.9 54.5 65.i E ii.6 11.4 3.1 10.4 55.2 Nitric acid I 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.12 E 4.1 18.8 9.5 16.9 23.6 Spirits (alcohol) 2 P 1,271 2,023 1,551 1,839 I 46.1 25.5 8.6 12.0 7.5 E 2.2 4.2 5.4 25.0 22.4 IV. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (A) CEREALS. 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1 Metric tons (ooo's). Wheat P 2,934 1,958 2,897 2,428 3,212 I 2,281 1,393 475 738 1,678 E 1.7 4.3 0.4 30.4 211.8 Wheaten flour I 31 23 148 567 394 E 14.8 17.0 4-1 14-1 99-1 Rye P 6,799 5,234 6,682 5,730 8,063 1 376 540 949 515 361 E 0.7 2.0 0.2 42.2 176.3 Rye flour I 3 i 8 62 16 E 8.0 15.3 2.6 6.2 74.8 Barley P 1,939 1,830 2,361 2,400 2,600 I 308 267 314 592 933 E 3 3 I 57 13 Oats P 5,005 4,016 6,107 5,654 5,585 I 86 91 33 127 444 E 3 6 I 105 105 Maize I 1,871 1,0o85 253 391 557 E I o.i - 0.9 6.6 Rice I 312 190 157 414 533 E 30 15 2 210 203 (B) POTATOES. P 26,149 40,660 32,580 36,402 41,718 I 265 x68 174 290 392 E 58 67 20 63 266 Estimate. 2 Hectolitres (ooo's).
488 GERMANY V. LIVE-STOCK (Effective Number and Trade.) 1921 1922 1923 I924 1925 Head (ooo's). Cattle Eff. 16,851 16,315 16,691 17,296 I 123 62 54 91 179 E 3.2 9.I 1.7 20.8 10.5 Sheep Eff. 5,892 5,566 6,104 5,717 Pigs Eff. 15,879 14,678 17,308 16,843 1220 10I 57 236 109 E 2.2 14.6 2.8 1.2 2.7 Horses 2 Eff. 3,685 3,650 3,850 I 63 44 17 18 45 E 0.2 i.0 0.3 1.5 11.i Goats Eff. 4,333 4,140 4,675 4,351 I 0.1 0.2 0.1 E 0.2 0.1' Mules Eff. 27 26 0I o..0i I.I 1.2 VI. MEATS i92i 1922 1923 1924 1925 Metric tons (ooo's). Fresh, chilled and frozen I 49 35 59 117 228 3 E 0.5 1.3 0.6 0.8 i.o Salted, smoked and I 50 26 40 27 1o dried E 0.3 o. Other I 35 15 19 I5 12 E VII. VARIOUS PRODUCTS 192I 1922 1923 1924 1925 Metric tons (ooo's). Cotton, raw I 315 252 195 277 376 E 16.4 34.0 o 28.0 25.9 38.5 Rubber, raw I 25 33 20 24 36 E 0.5 0.8 I.o 0.8 i.6 Not including sucking-pigs. 2 Not including army horses. 2 "Fresh, etc." includes "other".