Ch 4.2
BIG IDEA: In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain in the Spanish- American War. The United States gained territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
In the late 1890s, Cubans rebelled against Spain. Led by Jose Marti José Martí, an exiled leader of Cuba s revolution, fled to New York City. He raised money from Americans and began purchasing weapons and training troops to prepare for an invasion of Cuba.
William Randolph Hearst At the start of the Cuban revolution, Americans were neutral. But after reports in two newspapers, the New York Journal owned by William Randolph Hearst and the New York World owned by Joseph Pulitzer, Americans began to side with the rebels. Joseph Pulitzer
You furnish the pictures and I ll furnish the war. --William Randolph Hearst
Shocking stories and outrageous illustrations based on little factual information. Newspaper competitors (Hearst & Pulitzer) exaggerated stories to sell their newspapers. This influence the start of the Spanish American War.
Spain s minister wrote an insulting letter to the U.S. & Hearst printed it in the paper. The letter accused McKinley or being weak and catering to the rabble. Americans looked at this as an insult. Jingoes people who loved to see a fight, they wanted the US to go to war. McKinley has no more backbone than a chocolate éclair! I want WAR! -T. Roosevelt (Assistant Sec. of the Navy) I have seen the dead piled up, and I do not want to see another. -President McKinley
America brought its warships to Havana to evacuate any American citizens in Cuba In February 1898, the USS Maine, anchored in Havana, Cuba, exploded, killing 266 American officers and sailors. Although no one knows why the ship exploded, many Americans blamed Spain due to yellow journalism. In 1898, after much pressure, McKinley authorized Congress to declare war on Spain.
1. Yellow Journalism that built up public pressure for war Reasons why America went to war with Spain 2. Americans tended to compare the Cuban revolution with their own American Revolution 3. Blamed Spain for the explosion of the USS Maine
What is yellow journalism? Scandalous stories and shocking illustrations based on little factual information
Why did Hearst and Pulitzer engage in yellow journalism? They wanted to sell more newspapers than the other
Why did America go to war with Spain? (3 reasons) 1. Yellow Journalism that built up public pressure for war 2. Americans tended to compare the Cuban insurrection with their own American Revolution 3. Blame for the explosion of the USS Maine
1. What is something you wish your parents would let you do? 2. One word to describe Einstein? 3. Adjective to describe a strict teacher 4. Describe a bully in one word 5. What would be the worst way to die? 6. Describe how you think Justin Bieber would justify his behavior 7. Song Title of your favorite song 8. One word to describe your favorite place 9. Why are some people scared to ask someone they like out? 10. Describe someone you highly dislike 11. Make up a mean name for someone (no bad words) 12. How would you feel if you won a million dollar lottery but lost the ticket? 13. What would be Batman s last words to the Joker? 14. Another word for grow 15. What would happen to a 2 liter bottle if you put a firecracker inside? 16. Describe the scene if there was zombie apocalypse 17. Any number 18. One word to describe Saturday School 19. A word that rhymes Lane Complete with your partner
Cuba and Philippines (both colonies of Spain) Rebels in both Cuba and Philippines aided America in their fight against the Spanish. Filipinos believed they were fighting for their independence
The American army was untrained and unequipped. Poor conditions in training camps resulted in more Americans dying in training than in battle 500,000 pounds of rotting canned meat sold to the army by AMOUR & CO of Chicago. Some tines were so foul they had burst
Admiral Dewey The U.S. Navy won a quick victory over the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Philippines on May 1, 1898. No US men were killed in battle. On August 13, U.S. troops and Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo took control of the Philippine capital of Manila. America has come to Free the Filipinos. But we need your help. Yes! At long last Independence is near! Emilio Aguinaldo
Mount up! Before becoming President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He resigned in 1898 to organize the Rough Riders, the first voluntary cavalry in the Spanish-American War. Diverse group of cowboys, miners, law enforcement officials, and Native Americans
In June 1898 they participated in the capture of Kettle Hill, and then charged across a valley to assist in the seizure of San Juan Ridge, the highest point of which is San Juan Hill. Both attacks were American victories. 7,000 US troops vs 600 Spanish Rough Riders & Buffalo Soldiers Out of America's 25,000-man standing army, 2,500 were experienced black veterans. For over twenty years, they had been fighting America's Indian wars on the deserts and plains of the West. The Cheyenne called them "Buffalo Soldiers" for their courage in battle and their rough, shaggy appearance. "We left our homes, wives, mothers, sisters and friends to break down that infernal race prejudice and to have a page in history ascribed to us."
On December 10, 1898, the United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris. Cuba became an independent country. United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines. This treaty made the United States an imperial power.
Sweet victory for the U.S.- John Hay ambassador to Great Britain in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt called it A splendid little war. Costs to the U.S. $250 million and over 2,000 soldier deaths Huge payoff for U.S
What did most American soldiers die of? Disease and food poisoning
What countries did the US gain some form of control over as a result of the Spanish- American War? Cuba Puerto Rico Guam Philippines
After the war, the United States set up a military government in Cuba. Steps were taken to ensure that Cuba would remain tied to the United States. The Platt Amendment specified that Cuba had to allow the United States to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba. The United States had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Cuba reluctantly accepted the Amendment
Protectorate- A country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country After the Spanish American War Cuba was a protectorate of the US under the Platt Amendment
Despite promising Emilio Aguinaldo independence the US intends to keep the Philippines- Filipinos REVOLT 70,000 US troops fight 3 years Hundreds of thousands Filipinos die 1902 - US sets up govt. with some local control 1946 - Philippines become independent
With the acquisition of new territories the United States had to examine the constitutional rights and citizenship of these people in the new American territories.
How did the Platt Amendment benefit the United States? Allowed the US to build and keep a military base in Cuba The United States had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
What is a country called that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country? Protectorate
After the US acquired new territories as a result of the Spanish American war what was the issue they had to deal with? the constutional rights and citizenship of these people in the new American territories