225 NORWAY Area... 324,000 sq. km. Population (xii. I930)... 2,809,000 Density per sq. km...... 8.7 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ARMED FORCES The armed forces of Norway consist of the land army, the military air force and the navy ; they are under the authority of the Department of Defence, which is the central organisation to which the administration of the army and navy is attached. The armed forces of Norway are organised on the militia system. The majority of recruits only remain with the colours from 60 to go days. In addition to the recruits' schools, Norway possesses a small permanent army, the effectives of which were, from July ist, 1929, to January ist, I930, 4,270 officers, N.C.O.s and men, and from January ist, I930, to July Ist, 1930, 3,740 officers, N.C.O.s and men. The land forces of Norway are divided into the active army, the territorial army and the Landstorm; the territorial army and various other Norwegian forces which cannot be classified as combatant forces are never employed beyond the borders of the kingdom without the consent of the Storthing. The present organisation of Norwegian defence, which dates from 1927, came into force on January ist, I930, but, for reasons of economy, does not function in its entirety. I. Army. ORGANISATION AND COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY i. Higher units: 6 mixed divisions. Each division consists of z or 3 infantry regiments ; 3 of the divisions also have a cavalry regiment and an artillery regiment. 2. Arms and services. Infantry: Royal Guard (4 companies); 16 regiments; i independent battalion. 15
226 NORWAY Each regiment is composed of 3 battalions with 4 companies each (8 battalions have only 3 companies each) ; 8 of these regiments have in addition i machine-gun company and 5 have i cyclist company. Cavalry : 3 regiments of 4 squadrons each, including i machine-gun squadron. Artillery: Field artillery: 3 regiments (36 batteries of field artillery and heavy artillery). Mountain artillery: 2 battalions and i battery. Fortress artillery : 5 battalions. Engineers: I regiment of 3 battalions; 2 independent battalions. Air force: i air battalion and i section. AIR MATERIAL. 1 dated September I 4 th, I93I.) 2 Number of aeroplanes Total horse-power Army... 83 40,650 Navy... 96 48,000 The Norwegian army also contains 6 companies of Army Service Corps, 6 companies of Army Medical Corps and 12 transport companies. SUMMARY TABLE OF UNITS. Divisions Regiments Battalions Squadrons Companies Batteries Higher units... 6. - - Infantry.... -- i6 49 2o5 Cavalry... - 3 - I2 2 Artillery: Field.... - 3 - - - 36 Mountain... - - 2 i Fortress... - - 5 Engineers... I 5-16 Air force........... I 2 Including 8 machine-gun, 5 cyclist and 4 Royal Guard companies. 2 Including 3 machine-gun squadrons. RECRUITING SYSTEM AND PERIOD OF SERVICE Military service is compulsory and begins at twenty years of age. The total period of military service is 36 years, as follows : 12 years in the active army, 12 years in the territorial army and 12 years in the Landstorm. The Landstorm is only raised in the case of national defence. 1 At the present time the total of aircraft is below that provided for by the Law of 1927 for the Organisation of National Defence. 2 Document C.6 4 5.M.259.I 9 3 1.IX (Conf. D.I 8).
NORWAY 227 The total period of service with the colours, including call-up periods, is from o108 to 138 days (150 days in the air force and i8o days in the Royal Guard and the navy). TABLE OF PERIODS OF SERVICE IN THE ARMY. dated September I 4 th, I931) 1 Average Period of service (in days) total of ~Arm service and recruits Training Repetition Total per annum Traiig training service Infantry and cyclist companies... 6,600 6o' 2 X 24 2 Io8 Cavalry. 300 90 2 X 242 138 Field artillery... 500 Mountain artillery... 90 2 X 242 138 Anti-aircraft artillery... 6 2 X 24" io8 Engineers.... 8o00 60 2 X 242 io8 Garrison artillery... 835 6o' 2 x 24 Io8 Automobile corps... 150 48 72 I20 Air force (army)... 200 30 3 x 40 150 Total combatants.... 9,535 Intendance service...... 250 90 30 I20 Medical service.f.... 500 48 2 x 242 96 oo00 90 30 120 Other categories....,10 I 10o8 Total non-combatants... 2,000 2 For the last few years, only 48 days. 2 Repetition training has not been given during the last few years (for reasons of economy). RECRUITING OF THE ARMY. Young men Number of Distributed as under: Year on the Emigrated young men appear theinspected on In the In the auxi- Provision- Finally conscription rolls active army liary corps allyexempted I exempted 1913 26,464 1,828 I5,63I Io,564 1,811 251 3,005 1914 29,999 1,882 20,065 13,857 2,412 227 3,569 1915 29,720 1,298 20,471 13,808 2,301 526 3,836 I916 60,909 I,III 40,695 28,230 4,776 1,217 6,472 1917 33,417 296 22,922 15,755 2,962 1,049 3,156 I918 30,895 19I I9,132 12,927 2,518 834 2,853 1919 31,471 102 20,570 14,023 2,824 924 2,799 1920 31,114 148 22,041 15,777 2,361 898 3,005 I92I 32,866 336 23,324 16,495 2,722 850 3,257 1922 32,909 330 21,910 I4,099 2,482 384 4,945 1923 33,160 463 21,967 I2,955 2,652 354 6,006 1924 32,185 i,o6i 20,498 ii,8ii 2,538 285 5,864 1925 30,902 513 20,247 11,557 2,696 244 5,750 1926 30,963 401 16,820 8,373 2,350 202 5,895 In pursuance of the decision of the Storthing, dated March 22nd, 1926, only two-thirds of the men enrolled are called up for service. 1 Document C.645.M.2 5 9.1 9 3 i.ix (Conf. D.i8).
228 NORWAY EFFECTIVES OF THE ARMED FORCES 1. EFFECTIVES OF THE LAND ARMY FOR I93I. dated September i 4 th, i93i.)1 Total effectives... 5,731 2 Officers... 893 2 Of the 893 officers, 325 have passed through the Military College and 363 have passed through schools for non-commissioned officers. II. SUMMARY TABLE OF BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES OF THE LAND ARMY. The figures in the following table, which are extracted from previous editions of the Armaments Year-Book, differ in character from the figures in the preceding table. These two kinds of returns are not comparable with each other. 1929-30 928-29 JulyIst, 1929 January st 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 to to Jan. Ist, 1930 JulyIst, 1930 Officers... i,i65 i,i6o 1,165 1,143 I,51I 1,090 2,896 N.C.O. s and men... 3,969 3,245 3,405 3,182 3,214 3,18o 844 Total. 5,134 4,405 4,570 4,325 4,365 4,270 3,740 II. Navy. NUMBER OF UNITS AND TONNAGE dated September I 4 th, I93I.) Tons Capital ships 14,996 Cruisers (guns of I;55 mm. and less). 8,730 Destroyers... 1,580 Submarines... 3,360 Total... 28,666 All the capital ships (coast-defence battleships) were constructed in the periods I897-98 and igoo-oi. Cruisers with guns of 155 mm. and less are exempted by the terms of the draft Convention of the Preparatory Commission for the Disarmament Conference. One vessel under construction is included among the destroyers. The Law of 1927 for the Organisation of National Defence made provision for an annual sum of 5 million crowns for new constructions. For reasons of economy, this programme has not yet been carried out. 1Document C.6 45.M.259.I931-IX (Conf. D. i8). 2 Including 242 men belonging to the air army forces. a Regulars and district strength.
NORWAY 229 EFFECTIVES OF THE NAVAL FORCES' dated September i 4 th, I93I.) 2 Total effectives... Officers... 509 Of the 509 officers, 156 have passed through the Military College and 353 officers were mostly recruited from non-commissioned officers.,10oo III. Expenditure on National Defence. i. ESTIMATES FOR THE YEAR 1930-31. dated September I 4 th, 193I.)2 Land forces Naval forces Air forces Total Effectives..... 14.9 7.2 I.3 23.4 Transport...... 1.8 2.5 o.6 4-9 Buildings... 6 2.6 I8.2 War material... 3.5 8.8 Survey Department.. I.o -- -.o Total.... 22.8 20.2 4-5 47-5 NOTE. -There is no information with reference to the annexed tables (block credits, pensions, etc.). 2. BUDGET EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEARS 1925-26 TO I930-3I. The data in the table below are from earlier editions of the Armaments Year- Book. These data should not be compared with those in the foregoing table, which is based on the answer of the Norwegian Government in response to the Council's request for information concerning the state of its armaments (see Preface, p. 5). 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 Department of National Defence : Army... 33.5 31.1 I 30.0 28.i 27.3 21.4 Navy... ii.6 II.I. II.o I0.3 ii.6 10.7 Defence expenditure under the heading " Miscellaneous expenditure" - - - 5.7 Deficit on military undertakings. o. 1.7 - - - Total.... 45.1 42.3 42.7 38.4 38.9 37.8 Index numbers of: Wholesale prices (I913 = Ioo). 219 I80 Retail prices: Cost of living (July 164 156 I49 1391 19I4 = xoo)... - 211 196 I84 178 I73 Average, July 1930 to January I93I. 1 Including 190o men belonging to the air naval forces. 2 Document C.6 4 5.M.2 5 9.1 9 3 1.IX (Conf. D. I8).
230 NORWAY NOTES. - i. Expenditure on the air force is included in that of the army and the navy. 2. The above figures do not include expenditure for civil purposes charged to the budget of national defence. This expenditure has amounted to : 925-261 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 11930-31 Army: Contribution to sport and rifle clubs, cartographic service, civil aviation Navy : 1.6 i1.6 i.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 Pilotage service, vessels for surveillance of the frontier, wireless service for naval bearings... 3.5 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 Expenditure for civil purposes under the Navy for 1925-26 and 1926-27 also included expenditure on lighthouses and salvage service which, as from i927-28, is charged to the Department for Trade, Navigation, etc., 3. Military pensions are charged to a pensions fund. The State's contributions to this fund are charged partly to the Defence Department and partlyto the Finance Department. The figures in the table above do not include the State contributions to pensions, charged to the Defence Department, amounting to : 1925-26 1926-27 j1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 Army.. 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Navy.... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 4. In the general budget, under the heading " Various Expenses " is shown an item referring to supplementary salaries of State officials amounting to : 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 I928-29 1929-30 I930-3x 8.0 8.o 7.3 8.2 6.4 6.i It is impossible to ascertain what portion of these amounts refers to military personnel.