Miguel-Angel Galindo Joaquin Guzman Domingo Ribeiro Editors Entrepreneurship and Business A Regional Perspective ~ Springer
Contents List of Contributors xi Introduction Miguel-Angel Galindo Martin, Joaquin Guzman Cuevas and Domingo Ribeiro Soriano Part I Entrepreneurship in the Regional Context 1 11 A General View on Regional Economics Paola Savi 1 Introduction 13 2 The Birth and Early Development ofregional Economics 14 2.1 The Location ofeconomic Activity 14 2.2 Regional Economic Development 16 3 An Overview on the Last Decades: Recent Research Trends 21 3.1 From Regional Development to Local Development: Local Production Systems 21 3.2 Knowledge Spillovers and the Theory of Clusters 24 3.3 Krugman and the New Economic Geography 26 3.4 The Milieu Innovateur. 27 4 Conclusions 28 29 Issues in Regional Economics: The Economic Thought of Some Italian Authors of the Past Cristina Nardi Spiller and Stefano Zamberlan I Foreword 33 2 Antonio Genovesi's Contribution: Recommendations for the Promotion oflocal Development.. 35 3 Fanno's Analysis ofpotential Comparative Advantage.40 13 33
vi Contents 4 Regional Disequi1ibria and the Role ofthe State in Giuseppe Di Nardi's Thought. 43 5 Final Remarks 47 Acknowledgements 48 48 Entrepreneurial Structure From a Regional Perspective Joaquin Guzman and F. Javier Santos 1 Introduction 51 2 Analysis Levels ofentrepreneurship 53 3 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Function and Entrepreneurial Structure 54 4 Qualitative Characteristics of an Entrepreneurial Structure 55 4.1 Entrepreneurial Density 56 4.2 The Average Size offirrns 56 4.3 Patrimonial Vulnerability 57 4.4 Dominant Productive Sectors 58 4.5 Functional Dependence 60 4.6 Productive Dependence 61 5 The Entrepreneur: Functions and Quality-Based Entrepreneurial Orientation 62 5.1 Main Functions Fulfilled by Entrepreneurs 62 5.2 Quality-Based Entrepreneurial Orientation 64 6 Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Models 66 6.1 Endogenous Development Model and Entrepreneurial Structure 66 6.2 A Regional Entrepreneurial Model. 68 7 Conclusions 70 71 Entrepreneurship and Growth: The Need to Combine Micro and Macro Perspectives Villy Sogaard 1 Introduction 75 2 Entrepreneurship: A Two-Dimensiona1 Concept 76 3 Entrepreneurship in Context.. 77 4 Research and Research Lacunae 79 5 The Innovative Dimension: A Necessary Deja Vu 83 6 Conc1usions 89 91 51 75
Contents vii Social Capital and Entrepreneurship in a Regional Context: The Case of Spanish Regions Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee, Miguel-Angel Galindo and M Teresa Mendez 101 1 Introduction......................... 101 2 Social Capital Definition 102 3 Entrepreneurship and Social Capital.. 104 4 Empirical Analysis 106 5 Conclusion 108................................................... 109 The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship and Economie Growth: A Review of Recent Research Achievements Dominiak Piotr and Marek Rekowski 113 1 lntroduction 113 2 Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: Evidence from Empirical Studies 114 3 Alternative Approaches to Entrepreneurship's Contents and Measure 122 4 Intermediate Linkages and Entrepreneurial Tissue 125 134 Networking and Entrepreneurship in Place Bengt Johannisson 137 1 Organizations Vanish, Places Remain 137 2 The Organizing Context as an Arena for Embedded Networking Processes 140 3 Network Analysis as Puzz1e-Solving 145 4 Reconceptualising the Organizing Context as a Socioeconomic Construet....... 147 5 Some Implieations for Research, Praetice and Poliey 154 Referenees 158 The Quest for a New Development Poliey Antonio Vazquez-Barquero 163 1 Introduetion 163 2 Social and Territorial Effeets of Globalization 164 3 The New Development Poliey 168 3.1 Fostering Firm's Development and Cluster 168 3.2 Diffusion ofinnovation and Knowledge 170
viii Contents 3.3 Building up Infrastructures for Loca1 Deve10pment. 171 3.4 New Govemance far Loca1 Deve10pment.. 172 4 Diversity ofinterpretation 174 4.1 The Popu1ist Approach 174 4.2 The Human Deve10pment Approach 176 4.3 The Evo1utionary Approach 177 5 Endogenous Deve10pment an Approach for Action 179 181 Part 11 Entrepreneurial Perspective of the Business 187 Clusters and Business Innovation Alvaro Cuervo-Garcia, Angeles Montoro-Scinchez and Ana Maria Romero-Martinez 187 1 Introduction 187 2 Delimiting Clusters: Definition and Characteristics 189 2.1 A BriefTrip on Cluster Research.............. 189 2.2 What is a Cluster? 190 2.3 Cluster Key Factors 193 3 Clusters, Productivity and Business Innovation 196 3.1 Clusters and the Increase in Productivity 196 3.2 Clusters and the Increase in Innovation 198 4 Final Discussion 201 Acknow1edgement. 205 205 Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Transition Environments David Smallbone and Friederike Weiter 211 1 Introduction 211 2 A Conceptua1 Framework to Analyse Entrepreneurial Behaviour 212 3 Examp1es of Entrepreneurial Behaviour. 214 3.1 Ignoring and Circumventing the Legal Framework: Applying Evasion Strategies 214 3.2 Coping with a Deficient Institutiona1 Framework: Financing a Business 217 3.3 The Use ofpersonal Networks and Networking 220 4 Conclusions 225 227
Contents ix Successful Rural Hosted Accommodation in Western Australia: Gender Matters Paull Weber and Jack Carlsen 229 1 Introduction 229 2 The Research Conducted 230 3 Rural Fanning Families 231 4 Career Stage and Lifestyle 233 5 Gender. 233 6 Success in Hosted Accommodation 235 7 Examining the Gender Differences in the Rural Businesses 236 8 Condusions and Recommendations 240 243 Universidad Sodal Capital and the Competitiveness of Entrepreneurs: A Review of the Literature and Proposals Mariel Fornoni, Francisco Mas-Verdu, Domingo Ribeiro Soriano and Salvador Roig Dob6n 247 1 Introduction 247 2 What is Social Capital? 248 3 Social Capital, can it Really be Considered a Type of Capital? 254 4 Measurement ofsocial Capital.. 256 5 Social Capital and Competitiveness for Entrepreneurs 259 5.1 Entrepreneurs and Competitiveness 259 6 Conclusions 265,, 265 Entrepreneur and Organization: Symbiotic Change and Transition Emeric Solymossy 269 1 Introduction 269 2 Background,, 270 3 Analyzing Growing (Evolving) Organizations 270 4 Life-Cyde and Stage Theories 271 5 Discussion ofstages and Transitions 274 6 The Critical Transition Point 274 7 Introduction ofprofessional Managers 276 8 Challenges Faced by Growing Organizations 277 9 Process of Achieving Structure 279
x Contents 10 He1ping the Entrepreneur's Evolution 280 11 Conclusion 282 Acknow1edgement 288 288 Female Entrepreneurship Nerys Fuller-Love 291 1 Introduction 291 2 Female Entrepreneurs 292 3 Definitions 296 4 Characteristics 296 5 Economic Context 297 6 Finance 297 7 Growth 299 8 Management Skills 301 9 Technology and Innovation 302 10 Women in Rural Areas.303 11 Networks and Social Capital. 303 12 Govemment Policy 305 13 Conc1usion 306 307