Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Technology Transition

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Technology Transition

Report Documentation Page Form.4f111"W'!d OMB No. OJOUJ/illl Public n:portina bunlen for tbt collection of information 11 - to av..., I baur per - includina tbt time for mviewing in.1tjuc:tiona, sevc:hina exwing data """""" aatherlna and malnlllinina tbt dato ~ and oompletins and rcviewlna 1M cou.e.tlon of intbnnatlon. Send comment~ R!pnllng tbia burdtn tttimstt or lilly othm: "'Jl"d of this colle<:tlon of information, inejudina,.for n:ducina tbit burden, to Wllltbinaton H~ Serviceo, Directorate for!nfonnation Operations and Report~~. 1215 Jetfmon O.via Hiahway, Suite 1204, Arlinaton VA 222024302. Rtlpondtnll should be aware that ootwithatandina lilly other provision of law, no person &ball be subject to penalty for fllilina to oomply with a collection of information if it <loa not display a curmttly wlid OMB control nonther. 1. REPORT DATE 1997 4. TITLE A."'D SUBTITLE DARPA Technology Transition 6. AUTHOR(S) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED - Sa. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER Sc. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER Sd. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) DARPA,ArUngton,VA,:Z2201 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) II. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for puhuc release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The original document contains color images. 14. ABSTRACT see report 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURlTY CLASSIFICATION OF: a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c.thlspaol! unclassified unclassified unclassified 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT IS. NUMBER OF PAGES 185 19a.NAMEOF RESPONSWLE PERSON Staadanl F-1911 (Rev.ll-911) Prolcribod by ANSI Sid ZJ'l-18

"Advanced Unmannrd Undersea Vehicle BETA correlation and fusion demonstration Advanced Simulation and Defense Sirnul&ion [mcrnet " Distributed Packard Commission on commi&sloned usc more proro~ programs to reduce the technical and cost uncerrainries the syswrn. The Commission the new role of., in advanced '"'';"''nrnnr>nr technical uncertainties t.o for was the taintles ln the F 11 7 full~scalc fu] ripiir>lr.rrrnpt The DARPA initiative in response to rhe Packard Commission rec~ ommendations was somewhat limited in scope and effect the small allocation. the concerns of over new programs before and the reluctance of rhe Servici's to commit ro rm"r.nn~nr>n vvas finished. progn1ms, the and can be \{' The OSD ACTD initiativi' was started in 1993. In contrast to EEMIT and Packard ACTD programs Thf' decision to

Early re.;;earch and development by DARPA led to the design and fabri~ cation of the TACIT BLUE low observable stealth aircraft. Most notably. it was the first aircraft to demonstrate a low radar cross sec~ tjon using curved surfaces, along with a low probab!llty of Intercept radar and data link.,~ such, the DARPA TACIT BLUE Program contributed directly to the development of the B~Z Stealth Bomber so sue~ ce~c;_o:;fully deployed the Air Force. In the early 1970s a study by DARPA. the Air Vehicle Observables workshop, brought to light the extent of the vulnerab!lltles of U.S. aircraft and rheir on-board equipment to detection and attack by our adversaries. After the successes of the DARPA HAVE BLUE Stealth Fighter Program, DARPA initiated the TACIT BLUE Technology Demonstration Program, an effort to demonstrate that a low observable surveillance aircraft with a low probability of intercept radar and other sensors could operate close to the forward line of battle with a high degree of survivability. TACIT BLUE flrst flew In February 1982 and accumulated 135 flights over a three-year period. Other technologies addressed by DARPA included the reduction of radar cross section through a combinatjon of shaping to form a limited number of radar return spikes designed to be Jess detectable by ground-based radar 11bsorbem matllrlctlti, infrared shielding, hllat dlss!patlon, mdue;tld visual signatures, low probability~of lntercept (LPI) radar, active cancel lation, and inlet shielding, exhaust cooling and shaping. and windshield coatings. Romh<T for Selected Users DARPA Technology Transiti<m 67

STEALTH FIGHTER Early efforts by DARPA led to the development of the Air Force F-117 tactical fighter that was so succp.ssful in rhe Desert Storm operal:ion, tlying 1.271 sorties without a single aircraft loss, succes..<;fully penetrating aj r defenses, and delivering 2,000 tons of ordhance to account for some 40% of all targets with an 80%-85% hit rate. ;\ir Furce i' 117. WdS ti< vdopi'd lru111 l<'t llllolofiy dt nwnslraied!jy. 1 I ) ;\/~ PI\ pnllotype, ti ll' 1/i\VE fluff :wrrali. In the early 1970s a study by DARPA. the Air Vehicle Observables workshop, brought to light the extent of the vulnerab!lltles of U.S. aircraft and their on-board equipment to dewctlon and attack by our adversaries. Based on rhe study and encouragement from Office of the Secretary of Defense and others. DARPA embarked on a program to develop the technologies for stealthy aircraft. Under a codeword program. "HAVE BLUE." rwo aircraft were built. nnd first flight occurred successfully in April 1977. Technologies addressed by DNzyA included the reducl:ion of radar cross secl:ion through a combinal:ion of Rullonr The J li\vf Hf UF~ ilirrrnlt. shaping to form a limited number of radar return spikes designed to be less detectable by gmund,based radars. radar absorbent materials. infrared shielding, heat dissipation, reduced vl-;ual slgnatun:s. low-probability of-lntercept (LPD radar. active signature cancellation. and inlet shielding. exhaust cooling and shaping, and windshield coatings. In November 1978. the Air Force initiated a program for the F-117 based on the HAVE BLUE demonstrations and the DARPA-developed technologies. First flight of the F-117 was in June 1981 and the aircraft became operal:ional in October 1983. A mtal of 59 aircraft were built, and 36 were deployed to Saudi 1\rabia in late 1990. from which they were highly successful in F-11 7 Nighthawks attacks against high va lue Iraqi targets. 66 DARPA Technology Transition Selected Technology Transitions by Users

DARPA program to demonstrate; a of the DARPA HAVE BLUE srmlrh demonstrator uitical of the 8~2 radar. well the DARPi\/Air Force TAC[T BLUE surveillance radar. The successful demonstration that a radar useful for air target detection could be built so ro undetectable stare-ofthe~;ut radar receivers is ro future stealth aircraft programs. prclgrilrn would rnt'"'-'"''yrllce< used to track the aircraft. Several were conducted, and a DARPA program was initiated to attack the most difficult emitter, the aircraft radar. The program and prototype radar that rhat