Piracy and Maritime Security Standards Presentation for Intertanko Members London July 1 st 2015 Steve Cameron, Marine Director RTI Vice Chairman Business Council for Africa
Piracy and Maritime Security Standards Content Services Global Security and Corruption Issues Africa, conflicts and drivers of instability Piracy & Political Issues - East Africa and Somalia - West Africa - Malacca Straits Maritime Security Standard ISO 28000 and ISO 28007
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cmr Maritime Services Maritime and African Markets Since 2001 Services Risk, Safety, Security and Anti-piracy Audits and training: ISM, SMS, ISPS, BRM, ISO 28007 Serious casualty investigations Experts for disputes and arbitrations Due diligence studies and business risk Sectors African & Maritime Markets Shipping wet & dry Ports and Terminals Oil & Gas Off Shore Logistics and Supply Chains
Global Security Issues Admiral Lord West of Spithead May 2013 ISIS didn t have a recognised profile Now ISIS the biggest security threat in 2015 ISIS army Iraq well trained - many ex Iraqi army Risks also for Lebanon / Egypt / Yemen / Libya Situation in Somalia improving but Al Shabab still a threat Turmoil from Morocco to Pakistan (inc Tunisia) GoG an area of real concern as more complex than East Africa Links between; piracy, crime, and corruption (SCEG maritime security conference 25 th June 2015)
Global Corruption Issues Mark Pyman ex Transparency International In many countries, extracting money from business is not corruption, its part of the culture and how the country is structured! Corruption costs $1.0 trillion per annum It traps millions in poverty Undermines the rule of law Breeds social unrest and political crisis Successful democratic elections integrating terrorist groups, doesn t change them into democratic organisations (SCEG maritime security conference 25 th June 2015)
Global Corruption Issues Mark Pyman ex Transparency International (TI) TI corruption perceptions index index - ease of doing Countries spending on military & training, don't focus on ethics or values Security forces in West Africa penetrated by organised crime $8 of $10 spent is unaccounted for Africa treated as single region (SCEG maritime security conference 25 th June 2015)
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Source Chatham House Conflict Trends
Arc of instability
11 Rebel movements and Gangs
Flows of Migrants
Piracy & Political Issues East Africa and Somalia West Africa Malacca Straits Maritime Security Standard ISO 28000 and ISO 28007
East Africa and Somalia No ships with armed guards pirated 2014-15 Somalia improving But:- International naval coalition forces remit ends in 2016 reductions likely? Concerns as Yemen deteriorates Commercial pressures on PMSC risks reduction in standards
Somalia Briefing June 26 th Harriet Matthews UK Ambassador UK Priorities Humanitarian Help Security Political progress and State building Election autumn 2016 Other comments Piracy root causes still exist Still issues to address fishery protection and illegal fishing
Differences West Africa 80% of all incidents conducted within coastal States Coastal States are integral to solving the problem. No international naval coalition forces present, confused reporting procedures. Pirates based along the coastal States of GoG. Pirate MOs are different but more violent. GoG is not a vital SLOC*. East Africa PMSC model doesn t suit GoG coastal States. East Africa Piracy committed on the high seas. Coastal states peripheral to problem. 3 international naval coalition forces established reporting procedures. Pirates predominantly based in the failed state of Somalia. Pirate MO ransom ship and crew. SLOC* through HRA are critically important with vital choke-points. PMSCs used extensively to protect ships successfully. * Sea Lines Of Communication
Maritime Insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea Piracy & armed robbery at sea Theft of oil and other cargo Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing Trafficking of counterfeit goods, people, narcotics and arms 17
Main Cocaine Flows - 2010
w w w. o c e a n s b e y o n d p i r a c y. o r g
Nigeria New incumbent President Buhari Buhari inaugural speech:- Thanked neighbouring countries leaders of Cameroon, Chad and Niger that helped in fighting Boko Haram Committed Army command centre to be relocated to Maiduguri until Boko Haram subdued Meantime:- Advice is do not take even unarmed advisors on ships calling in Nigerian waters MoUs with Nigerian Navy held by International Maritime Security Providers of little value Not yet clear if NIMASA or Nigerian Navy will be the lead maritime security Buhari likely to make progress on security in the North but face problems in the South
It s like someone climbing into your boot while you re driving down a motorway Philip Belcher Intertanko, ( Economist 26 th June 2015) Malacca Straits Indonesia 17,000 islands Petrol prices increased by 33% Orkim Harmony, borded early evening of June 11th. 6,000 tonnes of product $5m at market prices Incidents an alarming symptom of a regional uptake in piracy ReCAAP, regional co-ordinating agency accused of downplaying the latest spike Even petty thieves attempting to board in congested waterways, cause accidents.
Structure for ISO accredited body IAF - International Accreditation Forum ISO 28000 / ISO PAS 28007 Maritime Security Standard for Armed Guard on vessels UKAS - national accreditation body to assess against internationally agreed standards UKAS assess RTI to be come a certification Body (CB) against ;- ISO 17021 and 19011 management systems certification and auditing certification ISO 28003 supply chain security management system RTI assess PMSCs against :- ISO 28000 Security Management Systems for the Supply chain (risk based Q.M.S.) ISO 28007 Guidance & Scope for PMSCs applying the requirements of ISO 28000. PCASP privately contracted armed security personnel (direct or self employed by PMSCs)
ISO 28000 and ISO PAS 28007 ISO 28000 Supply Chain Security Security Management policy, programme, objectives and targets Security Risk Assessment and Planning Legal, Statutory and other security regulatory requirements (Port and Flag State) Structure, authority and responsibilities Competence, training and awareness Communications, Document and data control Emergency preparedness, failures and audits
ISO 28000 and ISO PAS 28007 ISO 28007-1 2015 Guide lines for PMSC providing armed security personnel on ships ( was ISO PAS 28007 until March 2015) Security Management policy, programme, objectives and targets Operational controls Performance evaluation Made up of Management systems, Leadership, Competence, roles and responsibilities Culture and Ethics (ICOC) Outsourcing and subcontracting of PCAPS Insurance Security objectives, actions to address risks, risk assessments Legal and regulatory requirements fire arms licencing Selection, vetting and training of PCASP Fire arms training weapons specific fire arms drills on ships is not training Rules for the use of force Security briefings and training on vessel, vessel hardening procedures BIMCO Guardcon contracts
RTI principles and progress Internally at RTI We apply ISO standards of 17021 and 28003 and the principles of :- Impartiality (conflict register) Competence Responsibility Openness Confidentiality Responsiveness to complaints Formation of Independent Governance Board (IGB) Industry Experts Reports & Meetings with IDG Internal Audits by RTI independent auditor (Aviation Audit trained) Regular External audits by UKAS
Observations raised 1. Firearms training 4.4.4 - weapons specific training Difference between weapons drills on-board and weapons training not understood 2. Screening and vetting of security personnel 3. Size of PMSC and how they manage operations 48 PMSCs are currently ISO 28007 certified and operating Companies remaining smaller and with less resources, taking longer
Observations raised 4. Risk assessments Smaller companies not grasping the concept of robust risk assessments. Sometimes difficult to relay to a client that does not have experience and knowledge of drafting such documentation. 5. ICOCA and human rights 6. Benefits of the transit audit life cycle of the components necessary for a transit.
Scope Geographic spread (West and East Africa?) Usually Red Sea, East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Indian Ocean Additional areas added afterwards - covered by scope extension Potential for scope extension as security issues develop elsewhere Potential for new PMSC certification as the business moves eastwards. (China)
This was 4.1.8 culture and ethics which now deleted ISO 28007 1; 2015 Gap Analysis Terms and Definitions 3.8 Guiding principles on human rights was Montreux document 3.18 Now team leader, was supernumerary 3.21 Definition of incident new 4.1.7 Organisations roles etc reference to and Annex A deleted b) intelligence reporting was assessment j The organisation should a ) have an accessible written code of ethics inc human rights and code of conduct b) be able to demonstrate that personnel are conversant with its code of ethics procedures and plans
4.1.9 Financial stability of the organisation is now more specific on financial references 4.3.2. Selection of background screening and vetting security personnel - Please note that Note 1 effective range of 500 metres deleted. This should not mean shotguns now a suitable alternative, given need to comply with RUF and Other coniderations 1) minimum age requirements now as per ILO convention 138 4.6.1 documentation integrity of data and information - added See also changes to bibliography ISO 28007 1; 2015 Gap Analysis
Conclusions Instability and security risks increasing Need to tackle root causes of piracy, crime, and corruption East Africa stable but HRA likely to remain as insurers risk adverse West Africa needs an African developed solution Reducing pricing for armed guards causing concern of lowering standards and increased risks cmr Developing business and people Maritime and African Markets
Conclusions cmr Maritime and African Markets Since 2001 Instability and security risks increasing Need to tackle root causes of piracy, crime, and corruption East Africa stable but HRA likely to remain as insurers risk adverse West Africa needs an African developed solution Reducing pricing for armed guards causing concern of lowering standards and increased risks Thank you Steve Cameron CMR 150 Minories London EC3N 1LS +44 (0) 203 053 8601 steve@cmrsupport.com