SSUSH19: The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War ll, especially the growth of the federal government.
c. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. Lend Lease Program Was a program under the United States Supplied UK, Soviet Union, China, France and other allied nations with a vast amounts of war material 1941-1945 Signed into law on March 11 th, 1941 This act ended American neutrality Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack U.S vessels
a. Explain A. Philip Randolph s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt s response. A. Philip Randolph marched to D.C. to fight against segregation in the US Armed Forces. Establishing protections against Discrimination. Tried to pressure the government and President FDR into equal rights for everyone to be in the Military. If it cost money to finance a march on Washington, let Negroes pay for it. If any sacrifices are made for Negro rights in National Defense, let Negroes make them.
FDR s Response Tried to persuade Randolph out of it. When persuasion failed, Executive order 8802 was issued. Barring discrimination in defense industries and federal bureaus. The Fair Employment Act Required all contracts of Federal Agencies have a provision stating not to discriminate against someone of a different race, color, creed, or nationality in reasons of employment. When this occurred, the March was called off.
b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor Also called Operation Z by Japanese Imperial General Headquarters. Surprise! December 7 th, 1941 Conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy War Declared on Japan the next day. Resulting into the US entry into World War ll.
Main Goals of the Japanese for the Attack 1. Destroy the Aircraft Carriers They were out at sea, away from the Harbor. 2. Destroy as many of the other ships as possible (Mainly Battleships)- USS Arizona completely sunk killing 1177 crew members. Cripple the US Navy in attempt to immobilize them for a target of 6 months 3. Destroy the Oil Supply Would potentially immobilize the Pacific Fleet for a estimated span of 2 years.
Relocation and Internment of approx. 110,000 Japanese American citizens. Japanese Americans who were too close to the Pacific Coast. Government afraid of spies. Referred to as War Relocation Camps FDR authorized the Internment with Executive order 9066 on February 19 th, 1942 Allowed Military commanders to designate exclusion areas for Japanese American terrorist. Japanese Internment
f. Compare the geographic locations of the European Theater and the Pacific Theater and the difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops. European Theater Fighting was primarily land-based Large scale bombing raids More countries involved German soldier tended to surrender when defeat was apparent Pacific Theater Fighting was primarily at sea or launched from sea Island hopping & island invasions More up-close fighting Japanese land soldiers & Kamikaze pilots would fight to the death
D-Day The landing of the Allied invasion along the beaches of Normandy, France AKA Operation Overlord and Neptune during WWII June 6 th 1944 Conducted in two phases: 1. Air Assault- landing of 24,000 British, American, Canadian, and Free French airborne troops. 2. Amphibious landing- of Allied infantry on the coast of France Mass numbers of casualties on both sides Allied Victory!
Facts of D-Day Was the largest amphibious invasion of all time, with 160,000 troops Over 5,000 ships were in use Total width of the D-Day invasion= 61.7 miles Until the very last minute, Normandy was the most heavily guarded secret 17 Million maps supported the mission, Training maps used fake names
Fall of Berlin Final Chapter of the destruction of Hitler s 3 rd Reich. April 16 th, 1945 Stalin s 20 armies (Russia) 6300 tanks and 8500 aircraft Allies held off to give Soviets a Free-Hand Huge Artillery Barrage and Air-Raid on April 20 th.. Hitler s Birthday.
d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries.
War Mobilization To prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the War Production Board to help regulate the switch to war time production The automobile industry switched to almost exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes
Rationing With the onset of WWII, many challenges confronted the American people Rationing of food, gas, and even clothing were common Americans were asked to conserve on everything
Role of Woman Over 6 million woman took wartime jobs in factories or took the filling role for men 3 million woman volunteered with the red cross And over 200,000 woman served in the military The most famous propaganda tool used to draw women into the workforce was Rosie the Riveter
The largest naval battle in history June 4-7 1942, approx six months after Pearl Harbor Major win for the U.S, as they defeated the Imperial Japanese Navy (Turning point in the war against Japan) Caused irreparable damage to the Japanese Fleet Led to the beginning of Island-Hopping Battle of Midway
Battle of Midway How did the Battle of Midway change the war in the Pacific?
Island-Hopping Counter-offensive strike Capture specific islands to take power away from the elite Japanese pacific fleet. Gen. MacArthur Commander of Allied forces in the SW Pacific
e. Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb. Los Alamos and the Atom Bomb Also known as Site Y and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, New Mexico Largest science and technology institution in the world. One of the places the atomic bomb was created.
The Atomic Bomb We wanted to beat the Germans. Develop the bomb and create enriched Uranium before the Nazis did. Manhattan Project $2 billion ($22 billion today) 30 different sites. 10 on Manhattan Island (Project Name) Made it for intimidation.. Turned into a weapon of Mass Destruction. We dropped 2 on Japan in the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki WE WANTED JAPAN TO SURRENDER TO US.
Fat Man and Little Boy (The bombs dropped on Japan by the Enola Gay) Hit Nagasaki Hit Hiroshima