13 th April 2014 Ref: Strategic Plan 14-15/ Programme No TC/1462 activity 6 Activity Report Regional Workshop on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation 9-11 April 2014 Miami, USA
SUMMARY SHEET Title of the workshop: Host: Venue: Date Type: Organized by: Supported by: Source of Funding: No. of participants: Participating countries: Point of contact: Regional Workshop on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation The United States Coast Guard (USCG) Shula s Hotel & Golf Club 6842 Main Street Miami Lakes, Fl. 33014 9-11 April 2014 Regional RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe IMO Technical Co-operation Division TC/1462 activity 6 20 Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and the United States of America Ms. Carla Bikker Office Manager / IMO Associate RAC/REMPEITC-caribe Seru Mahuma z/n Aviation and Meteorology Building Willemstad, Curacao Phone: (00599-9) 868-3409 / 839-3716 / 699-1635 Fax: (00599-9)868-4996 Email: carla@cep.unep.org
Table of Content 1. Background... 4 2. Workshop Objectives... 5 3. Program...... 6 4. Logistics...... 7 5. Support...... 8 6. Findings...... 8 7. Recommendations... 9 Annex 1 Participants List... 13 Annex 2 Agenda... 16 Annex 3 Results of the workshop evaluation... 18
1. Background 1.1 The Cartagena Convention was adopted on 24 March 1983 and entered into force on 11 October 1986 as the legal instrument for the implementation of the Caribbean Action Program. The Convention is the only legally binding environment treaty for the. The three protocols supporting the Convention are the Oil Spill Protocol, the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol (SPAW), and the Land Based Spills Protocol (LBS). The Oil Spill Protocol was adopted and entered into force concurrently with the Cartagena Convention. The Protocol establishes a mechanism to respond to discharges or threats of discharges of oil that could endanger the marine environment and coastal interests of countries. The Contracting Parties to the Convention extended the Oil Spill Protocol to include hazardous or toxic substances. 1.2 The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response, and Co-operation (OPRC) was adopted on 30 November 1990 and entered into force on 13 May 1995. The convention facilitates international co-operation and mutual assistance in preparing for and responding to a major oil pollution incident. 1.3 Both the Cartagena Oil Spill Protocol and OPRC Convention require countries to develop and maintain an adequate capacity to effectively and promptly deal with oil pollution emergencies. This preparedness should include as a minimum: A National Contingency Plan Designated national authorities and focal points responsible for oil pollution preparedness and response Oil pollution reporting procedures and arrangements for handling requests for assistance A minimum level of pre-positioned oil spill combating equipment A program of exercisess for oil pollution response organizations and training of relevant personnel Detailed plans and communication capabilities for responding to an oil pollution incident A mechanism or arrangement to co-ordinate the response to an oil pollution incident with the capabilities to mobilize the necessary resources 1.4 The table below summarizes the status of ratification of the both instruments by the countries that participated in this workshop.
Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Grenada Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Suriname Trinidad and Tobago (UK) British Virgin United States OPRC Convention 90 Cartagena Convention Oil Spill Protocol 1.5 The level of preparedness for oil spills varies greatly throughout the. In order to assist countries to develop their national capabilities and promote co-operation, the REMPEITC, under the instructionn of the IMO, has implemented numerous oil pollution preparedness, response, and co-operation activities. For the past 4 years, the REMPEITC has mostly been involved at the national level with contingency planning workshops and ESI mapping projects. The last regional OPRC workshop dates back to 2009. 2. Workshop Objectives 2.1 To bring awareness and provide training on oil spill preparedness, response, and co- operation; 2.2 To provide training on contingency planning including the development of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps and Geographic Response Plans (GRPs); 2.3 To develop an example GRP for John U. Lloyd Beach State Park; 2.4 To bring awareness about the Caribbean Island OPRC Plan; 2.5 To deliver and facilitate a guided tabletop exercise (Tier 3 Scenario) highlighting the challenges of transboundary movements of pollution; and 2.5 To promote the establishment of regional co-operation among countries in the region.
3. Program 3.1 The workshop was organized by RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe in co-operation with the IMO under Activity 4.3.f.2 of the 2014-2015 Strategic Plan. Funding was provided under the Integrated Technical Co-operation Programme by the IMO Programme Implementation Document TC/ C/1462, Activity 6. 3.2 The United State Coast Guard (USCG) agreed to host the workshop. Participants sponsored by REMPEITC to attend this workshop included members from the following countries: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. Additionally, the British Virgin Islands sponsored a delegate. The event was attended by 28 people - comprising 20 participants, 6 speakers/experts, and 2 staff members from RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe. The participants list is included as Annex 1. 3.3 The first day started with opening remarks from Captain John Slaughter, USCG and Ms. Anne Reglain, IMO Consultant at the REMPEITC. The workshop technical team then presented a series of lectures covering background knowledge on oil spill properties, fate and effects, ESI mapping, trajectory modeling, response strategies as well as shoreline protection and clean-up. Participants also had the opportunity to testt their understanding on subject matter throughh a short exercise on oil spill trajectory and behavior. The last part of the day was devoted to introducing the concept of GRP and providing instructions for the field trip taking place the next day. 3.4 The morning of the second day was dedicated to the visit of OSRL warehouse with a demonstration of various equipments (different type of skimmers, Fast Tank set up, booms and sorbent materials). Delegates were also provided with information regarding waste management and lessons learned from spills that OSRL attended to recently. After lunch, participants went to John U. Lloyd Beach State Park where two rangers shared their experience with the oil spill that impacted the park in 2000. The rest of the afternoon was spent identifying shoreline types, sensitivities, potential response operational sites (potential staging area, decontamination area, oil collection site, etc.), and assessing priorities and potential response strategies. 3.5 The last morning, participants gathered the information collected during the visit of John U. Lloyd Beach State Park and created a draft GRP for this area. The GRP, as developed by the USCG for this same area, was then presented to the participants followed by a discussion regarding the different response strategies. This activity was followed by a series of lectures regarding the Caribbean Island OPRC Plan, the Multilateral Technical Operating Procedures for Offshore Oil Pollution Response (MTOP), and oil spill readiness assessment tools (ARPEL-IOSC RETOS and the USCG PSAMS). CariCOOS also made a presentation about their work, providing coastal ocean data and forecasts, and their potential contribution to countries that would request assistance. Finally, the participants spent the rest of the day engaged in a guided tabletop exercise, which promoted discussions in addition to strengthening co-operation between the various countries. During the guided tabletop exercise, participants were split into three working groups with each group working on a different scenario. The four following activities were undertaken:
1. Estimation of oil trajectory, fate, and behavior; 2. Identification of environmental, economic, and cultural resources at risk; 3. Definition of a the response objectives; and 4. Definition of the response strategies and tactics. Each group selected a group leader who was responsible for providing a briefing of the activity outcomes to all participants. 3.6 The workshop was concluded by a closing statement from Captain John Slaughter, USCG and Ms. Anne Reglain, IMO Consultant at the REMPEITC. RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe thanked all the delegates for their active participation as well as the USCG and OSRL for their invaluable support. 3.7 The training course outline is included in Annex 2. 3.8 An evaluation form of the event was distributed to the participants. The result are summarized and attached in Annex 3. 3.9 Each participant received a certificate and a USB stick containing the program, the list of participants, pictures of the workshop, a copy of all the lectures as well as relevant documents and key references mentioned during the workshop. 4. Logistics 4.1 The workshop was held at: Shula s Hotel & Golf Club 6842 Main Street Miami Lakes, Fl. 33014 Phone: 001-305-820-8067 Fax: 001-305-820-8067 Email: golf@donshulahotel.com Website: http://donshulahotel.com 4.2 Most participants, speakers and organizers stayed at the same hotel mentioned above.
5. Support 5.1 The United State Coast Guard provided excellent support to assemble a wide panel of experts who delivered comprehensive lectures throughout the meeting. Amongst other things, the USCG also identified the hotel and meeting room facilities, negotiated the preferential rate for both, provided the audio/visual equipment and coordinated the visit of OSRL warehouse and John U. Lloyd Beach State Park including transportation. LCDR Kim Chesteen and Darrel Wieland s assistance in preparing the workshop and throughout the proceedings was highly appreciated and most helpful. 5.2 OSRL provided a consultant, Mr. Mike Gass, for the entire duration of the workshop and delivered a constructive visit of their warehouse with a demonstration of equipments. OSRL also provided lunch at their warehouse on Day 2. OSRL s support was highly beneficial to the success of this event. 5.3 CariCOOS and the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute provided a lecturerr for the workshop. 6. Findings 6.1 The workshop was perceived as very valuable and enriching. It brought awareness on oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation and provided valuable information to help countries draft/improve their national contingency plan. 6.2 Participants gained a solid understanding of the steps of an oil spill response and the decision-making process typically required for a coordinated response. The benefits, limitations, and trade-offs of response techniques were discussed. 6.3 Participants were given assess their oil spill readiness. numerous tools to assist them during an oil spill incident and to 6.4 The level of preparedness of the countries represented during the workshop differs greatly. Many countries do not have an approved contingency plan and they possesss very little response equipment s. The table below summarizes the status of contingency planning in the countries represented during this event.
Antigua & Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Grenada Jamaica St Kitts & Nevis St Lucia St Vincent & the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad & Tobago UK - British Virgin Islands Status of National Contingency Plan Draft (2013) Approved in 1999, last revision 2006 Draft (2013) Draft (2008) Approved in 1996 the 1992 version Draft (2014) Draft (2013) Draft (2013) Approved in 2007 the 2002 version Draft (2013) Draft (2004) Approved in 2013 Draft (2009) ESI maps Yes (GIS format, 2012) No Yes (GIS format, 2011) No Yes (GIS format, 2010) No No No No No No Yes (GIS format, 2013) Yes (GIS format, 2000) 6.5 The event provided an opportunity to update the country profile of the represented country. The country profiles that are available on REMPEITC s website provide an overview of the oil spill response organization, preparedness, and response capabilities of each country. 6.6 Several countries indicated their interest regarding the MTOP. 7. Recommendations 7.1 Continue to follow-up with the countries to track their progresss regarding oil spill preparedness (contingency plan, ESI maps, etc.). 7.2 Provide assistance at the national level for the development of ESI maps, GRPs, and contingency plans. 7.3 Provide further information regarding oil sampling. 7.4 Organize practical training with the deployment of response equipment. 7.5 Continue to foster co-operation between Wider Caribbean countries. 7.6 Encourage co-operation countries. 7.7 Make use of the ARPEL and readiness. between the oil industry and governments of the Wider Caribbean tool RETOS in order to assess the level of oil spill response planning
Annex 1 Participants List Country Name Title and Organization Antigua and Barbuda Javonson Willock Operational and Training Officer Antigua Barbuda Defence Force Coast Guard Bahamas Brent Williamson Adviser Ministry of Transport and Aviation Barbados Ian Branch Inspector of Police Royal Barbados Police Force Belize Kenrick Gordon Environmental Officer Department of Environment Dominica Albert Peter Assistant Maritime Administrator Dominica maritime Administration Email and Phone cocg@antigua.gov.ag 001-268-464-1298 brentwillbah@gmail.com 001-242-322-4546 staffofficer@rbpf.gov.bb 001-246-430-7100 kenrickgordondoe@yahoo.com 00-501-822-2819 maritime@cwdom.dm kchampion70@hotmail.com 001-767-266-3071/ 001767-245-2259 Grenada Anthony Belmar Senior Pilot Grenada Ports Authority grenport@spiceisle.com 001-473-440-7678 Jamaica Andrea Donaldson Environmental Manager National Environment and Planning Agency adonaldson@nepa.gov.jm 001-876-754-7540 St. Kitts & Nevis Wayne Edmeade Flag and Port State Control Inspector Ministry of waynejrsm@hotmail.com Tourism & International Transport 001-869-467-1385 St. Lucia Joseph Joseph Divisional Officer St. Lucia Fire Service samjoten@yahoo.com 001-758-455-3692 St. Vincent & the Grenadines Brenton Cain Commander Coast Guard Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Coast Guard svgcoguard@vincysurf.com 001-784-457-4578 / 4554 Suriname Rosano van Bree Commanding Officer Coast Guard Suriname kustwachtsuriname@gmail.com 00-597-4264266 Trinidad & Tobago Marc Rudder Management of National Oil Spills Ministry of Energy & Energy Affairs mrudder@energy.gov.tt 001-868-623-6708
Country Name Title and Organization Email and Phone UK British Virgin Islands Michael Scattliffe Marine Officer / Marine Inspector Virgin Islands Shipping Registry vishipping@gov..vg 001-284-468-2902/3 USA Andrew Simpson USCG Sector San Juan andrew.m.simpson@uscg.mil 001-787-729-5366 USA Orlando Hernandez USCG Sector Miami 001-786-236-2779 USA Luann Kehlenbach USCG Sector San Juan luann.j.kehlenbach@uscg.mil 001-787-289-2062 USA George Daws USCG Sector St. Petersburg george.k.daws@ @uscg.mil 001-727-824-7596 USA Forest Willis USCG Sector Miami forest.a.willis@uscg.mil 001-305-535-6676 USA Darrel Wieland USCG Sector Miami darrel.d.wieland@uscg.mil 001-305-535-6699 USA Daniel Forbis USCG Sector Key West daniel.dj.forbes@ @uscg.mil 001-305-797-1032
Lecturers/Organizers Curacao Carla Bikker Office Manager/ IMO Assosiate RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe Curacao Anne Reglain IMO Consultant RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe USA Jorge Capella Modelling Coordinator CariCOOS USA Mike Gass Duty Manager Oil Spill Response USA Inc. USA Elliott Taylor Senior Scientist Polaris Applied Sciences Inc. USA Richard Knudsen Scientist Fish and Wildlife Research Institute USA Kim Chesteen Lieutenant Commander Contingency Preparedness & Exercise Seventh Coast Guard District USA John Slaughter Captain, Planning and Force Readiness Seventh Coast Guard District carla@cep.unep.org 005-999-868-3409 areglain@cep.unep.org 005-999-868-3409 jorge.capella@upr.edu mikegass@oilspillresponse.com etaylor@polarisappliedsciences.com richard.knudsen@myfwc.com kimberly.b.chesteen@uscg.mil john.p.slaughter@uscg.mil
Annex 2 Agenda Day 1: Wednesday 9 th April 2014 08:00 08:30 Registration of participants SESSION 1 OPENING 08:30 08:45 Welcoming remarks by the host representative Welcoming from REMPEITC 08 :45 09 :00 Introduction of the Workshop: Introduction of the Lecturers Purpose of the workshop and programme agenda Introduction of the participants and review of expectations from the workshop Group photo SESSION 2 BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE 09:00 09:30 1. Oil properties, fates and effects 09:30 09:45 2. Resources of the Wider Caribbean 09:45 10:00 Tea/Coffee Break 10:00 10:45 3. Environmental Sensitivity Index Map coordination and development concepts 10:45 11h30 4. Oil spill trajectory & exercise 11:30 12:30 5. Response strategies: Monitoring and tracking Containment and recovery Dispersants and in-situ burning Lecturer/Facilitator Carla Bikker, REMPEITC Anne Réglain, REMPEITC Captain John Slaughter, USCG Anne Réglain, REMPEITC Elliott Taylor, Polaris Elliott Taylor, Polaris Richard Knudsen, FWC Elliott Taylor, Polaris Mike Gass, OSRL 12:30 13:30 Lunch Break 13:30 14:45 6. Shoreline protection and cleanup Elliott Taylor, Polaris 14:45 15:15 7. Waste management Mike Gass, OSRL 15:15 15:30 Tea/Coffee Break SESSION 3 GEOGRAPHIC RESPONSE PLAN & CONTINGENCY PLANNING (PART I) 15:30 16:15 8. Geographic Responsee Plan (GRP) development process Richard Knudsen, FWC 16:15 17:00 9. Preparatory session for field exercise Review charts for USCG John U. Lloyd State Park visit
Day 2: Thursday 10 th April 2014 SESSION 4 FIELD TRIP 8:00 Bus departure for OSRL warehouse visit 09:00 11:30 Visit of OSRL warehouse and equipment demonstration Lecturer/Facilitator Mike Gass, OSRL 11:30 12:15 Lunch and bus transportation to John U. Lloyd State Park 12:15 16:00 Field Exercise: Site evaluation for Geographic Response Plan (GRP) development at John U. Lloyd State Park 16:00 17:00 Bus return to the hotel USCG/ (work group) Day 3: Friday 11 th April 2014 Lecturer/Facilitator SESSION 5 GEOGRAPHIC RESPONSE PLAN & CONTINGENCY PLANNING (PART II) 08:30 10:00 Geographic Response Plan development exercise USCG /(work group) 10:00 10:15 Tea/Coffee Break 10:15 10:45 10. Caribbean Islands OPRC Plan Anne Réglain, REMPEITC 10:45 11:15 11. Multilateral Technical Operating Procedures for Captain John Slaughter, USCG offshore Oil Pollution Response (MTOP) 11:15 11:45 12. Preparedness assessment tools (part 1- RETOS) Mike Gass, OSRL 11:45 12:15 13. Preparedness assessment tools (part 2 - USCG) USCG 12:15 13:15 Lunch Break 13:15 13:45 14. CariCOOS OPRC program & research in the Caribbean SESSION 6 TABLE TOP EXERCISE 13:45 15:30 Table top exercise (Part 1) Estimate Oil Fate and Behavior, Notification, Environmental/Economic Resources at Risk, Defining the Response Objectives, Defining the response strategies and tactics, Request of assistance 15:30 15:45 Tea/Coffee Break 15:45 16:45 Table top exercise (Part 2) Estimate Oil Fate and Behavior, Notification, Environmental/Economic Resources at Risk, Defining the Response Objectives, Defining the response strategies and tactics, Request of assistance 16:45 17:00 Workshop review / Presentation of Certificates Jorge Capella, CariCOOS Anne Réglain, REMPEITC / Mike Gass, OSRL / Captain John Slaughter, USCG / (work group) Anne Réglain, REMPEITC / Mike Gass, OSRL / Captain John Slaughter, USCG / (work group) Anne Réglain, REMPEITC
Annex 3 Results of the workshop evaluation Total number of participants: 20 Total number of completed questionnaires: 19 Q1: Was the invitation received in good time? YES: 16 NO: 3 No answer: 0 Q2 - Did you receive the information listed below about the event before your participation? on its objective and scope YES: 19 NO: 0 No answer: 0 subject areas and programme YES: 19 NO: 0 No answer: 0 Q3 - Were the instructions on the following clear and easy to understand? profile required of participant YES: 18 NO: 1 No answer: 0 completion and submission of the nomination form YES: 19 NO: 0
No answer: 0 Q4 - Did you receive logistical information on? Venue YES: 18 NO: 1 No answer: 0 travel arrangements YES: 18 NO: 0 N/A: 1 No answer: 0 DSA payments YES: 17 NO: 0 N/A: 2 No answer: 0 Accommodation YES: 18 NO: 0 N/A: 1 No answer: 0 Q5 - If you were given any pre-event assignment, was it useful? YES: 13 NO: 0 N/A: 6
No answer: 0 Q6 - To cover the topics fully, was the event (please check the appropriate box)? Too long Just right Too short No answer The event was 0 14 5 0 Q7 How do you rate the event with regard to the following? (tick one box in each case) Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Venue 111 7 1 0 No Answer 0 Facilities 9 Equipment 8 9 1 0 10 1 0 0 0 Q8 - How do you rate the following aspects of the materials? (tick one box in each case) Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Presentation 14 5 0 0 Clarity 10 9 0 0 Technical content 13 6 0 0 Comprehensiveness 11 7 1 0 Quantity 10 9 0 0 No Answer 0 0 0 0 0
Q9 - How would you rate the following aspects of the presentations? (tick one box in each case) Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Design and structure 10 7 1 0 Clarity 10 8 0 0 Technical contents 11 6 1 0 Comprehensiveness 9 7 2 0 No Answer 1 1 1 1 Q10 - How do you rate the following aspects of the materials? (tick one box in each case) Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor N/A No Answer Course materials 9 9 1 0 0 0 IMO reference materials 8 8 3 0 0 0 Other resource materials 7 10 2 0 0 0 Group and practical activities 13 4 2 0 0 0 Field trips 14 5 0 0 0 0 Q11 - Please rate each lecturer with regard to the following (check one box in each case) Dr Elliott Taylor Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor No Answer content of lecture delivery of presentation 15 4 0 0 0 15 4 0 0 0 ability to transfer knowledge 16 3 0 0 0
Effectiveness in answering questions Effectiveness in suggesting solutions to issues 14 5 14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mike Gass Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor No Answer content of lecture delivery of presentation 14 4 0 0 0 14 3 1 0 0 ability to transfer knowledge Effectiveness in answering questions Effectiveness in suggesting solutions to issues 15 3 14 4 14 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q12 - What topics were of most interest and relevance to you? Topics on what the resources or lack of resources the countries have Response plan Containment methods, properties of oil, application of dispersants, practical sessions (field trip) Geographic response plan Mapping sensitive areas, equipment demonstrations Type of equipment used during spill and planning. All good info. Response equipment, tide and current info Oil properties, fate and effects Specifics to USCG district 7, identifying environmental sensitivity, stakeholders etc. Oil properties, fate and effects, response strategies, Caribbean island OPRC Response strategies, shoreline protection and clean-up All topics were of interest and this was my first oil spill training All lectures were interesting and important to assist in the development of national plan Oil properties, response strategies, ESI, geographic response plan exercise
I found all topics relevant and of high interest as well Oil properties and fate, shoreline protection and clean-up ESI procedures, practical, tabletop. Q13: Are there any topics which should be added? YES: 7 NO: 11 No answer: 1 Proposed new areas: Where each country is in reference to a GRP and contingency plan What should an oil spill includes A practical boom exercise ICS Methods of reporting to the media in such occurrences. Q14: Do you consider that the objective of the event was met? YES: 18 NO: 0 No answer: 1 Q15: Are you likely to use the information you gained on the course when you return to your work? YES: 18 NO: 0 No answer: 1
Q16: Will you have the opportunity to transfer the knowledge gained to your colleagues at work? YES: 18 NO: 0 No answer: 1 Comments given Thank you very much for the opportunity to attend this training. I like the national training as we can test our nations training It was a privilege attending this particular workshop This session was extremely beneficial to me, a lot of information was distributed in the time allotted. Practical exercises were very beneficial as it gives us a better understanding of what was being discussed during class time. I recommend that courses of this nature be continued since it is beneficial to member states Course should be at least 5 days long to cover material in depth Field trip to the beach could have been done in half the time. I lost interest by the end of the session. Thank you! A very good programme. The information sheet should have been sent before hand to be updated. Very meaningful workshop I have found this training to be of significance. It was well presented and has provided me with a wealth of knowledge, not only for me but for me to share on my return to my country The workshop increased my awareness of what is needed in terms of contingency planning and conducting simulation exercises The knowledge gained from the workshop has equipped me with the tools to assist in developing the national contingency plan in my country. It also provided me with the necessary information to respond to an oil spill, which I will impart to my co-workers and agencies that are required to respond to oil spill emergencies Really enjoyed the chance to learn more about oil contingency response and to work with other Caribbean partners. The information was very useful and enlightening. Would recommend hosting all participants at the Shula instead of some at the Indigo. Also enjoyed the field trip day, gettingg to see actual equipment with demonstration, and practical identification of shoreline sensitivities The program focuses mostly on oil spills which are marine related. Additional information on oil spills on land would be valuable, particularly from storage facilities where it is likely to reach the ocean. Excellent working group