Lesson 5 U.S. Migration Mesa Regional Family History Center Research Consultant Training 1
Learning Objectives At the completion of this lesson, you will be able to: 1.understand the importance of using migration patterns in research. 2. find migration patterns at the Center and on the Internet. 2
REMEMBER!! 1. IDENTIFICATION 2. KNOWN TO THE UNKNOWN 3. LOGS AND DOCUMENTS 4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 5. BEST EVIDENCE 6. RECORDS FAMILIARITY 7. FAMILIAL FRAMEWORK 3
Migration Patterns and Settlement 1. Migration Patterns help us follow the movement of a family. 2. They followed established trails. 3. They used rivers and waterways where available. 4. They used the easiest route possible. 4
http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html 5
Two Key Resources HANDYBOOK FOR GENEALOGISTS 11 th Edition - 2006 10 th Edition - Dec 2002 BUILDING AN AMERICAN PEDIGREE by Norman Edgar Wright They provide details, history and maps. 6
Principal Regions of Migration and Settlement: New England Mid Atlantic Southern States West 7
New England 8
PURITANS The Puritans were in the established church objected to many of the ceremonies believed in reform within the church opposed separation from the church as a deadly sin 9
SEPARATISTS The Separatists did not recognize the established church some doubted that the Church of England was scriptural or that its administrations were valid. held that any convenient number of believers might form a church make or unmake their officers as they saw fit In spiritual affairs of the church no bishop, council, synod, court, or sovereign had authority. 10
First Permanent Settlement in New England (1620) Anchored Provincetown on Cape Cod, then moved across the bay and established the town of Plymouth 11
Connecticut Several early Connecticut towns settled by migrants from Massachusetts.. 1635: John Steel leads first general migration and settles Hartford 1636: Reverend Thomas Hooker and congregation settles Wethersfield, Windsor and Hartford 1665: the Connecticut Colony absorbed New Haven Colony for a total of Eight counties and 180 towns 12
Rhode Island 1636: Roger Williams and others expelled from Salem and establish Providence Plantations By 1647: towns unite to become Rhode Island Quakers: were particularly strong in the towns of Portsmouth and Newport Rhode Island: 5 counties with 39 cities and towns) but very important to westward migration because she has sent many sons to open new frontiers... 13
New Hampshire New Hampshire and Maine: settled about the same time as Rhode Island but for primarily economic reasons. 1632: William and Edward Hilton settled near Dover. 1636: Hampton settled by emigrants from Norfolk, England 1638: Exeter settled by John Wheelwright and "thirty-five fellow heretics" exiled from Massachusetts 14
1641: Portsmouth, Dover, Exeter, and Hampton placed themselves under the jurisdiction of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, until they were made a "Royal Province" in 1679. 1761-1764: New Hampshire Grants 1769: divided into counties and provincial government abolished 1771: counties of Cheshire, Grafton, Hillsborough, Rockingham, and Strafford established 15
Vermont Claimed by both New Hampshire and New York. They both gave grants in the territory that became Vermont. Many times they both gave grants to the same land. 1745: New Hampshire Gov. Wentworth grants land 1761 1764: New Hampshire Grants 1764: Crown rules NY boundary extended to Connecticut River Dispute between grantees and NY continued until 1790 when VT paid NY $30,000. 16
1768: Cumberland County organized 1770: Glocester County organized 1772: Charlotte County organized from Albany County 1791: Glocester and Cumberland Counties annexed to Vermont. Also part of Charlotte County Annexed 17
Movement By 1640, immigrants were pushing inland 1664: Many New England settlers and immigrants moved to New York once the Dutch lost control. 1740: From Boston to Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine 1823: NYC becomes leading port of nation 1825: The opening of the Erie Canal resulted NYC population mushrooming as the gateway to the West. 1786 and 1805: New York City population tripled. 18
The New England Coaching Roads were the primary roads in New England (Massachuse tts, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Vermont) Coaching Roads LOWER ROAD 19
MIDDLE ROAD 20
UPPER ROAD 21
New England Historical and Genealogical Society NEHGS (Oldest Genealogical Society in the US) 1. Holds many family histories 2. Publishes the New England Historical and Genealogical Society Register Unlimited information on many topics Town birth, marriage and death records Genealogies And more http://newenglandancestors.org/ 22
Mid-Atlantic 23
New York New Netherlands Regime 1 st Settlements Fort Orange 1624 New Albany New Amsterdam 1625 New York 1625:Dutch invited settlers from Scandanavia, Great Britain and Germany. Some Pilgrims came in 1640 from Massachusetts and Connecticut. 1643: there were no fewer than 18 languages spoken in New York 1664: Duke of York was granted New Netherlands along with Martha s Vineyard, Nantucket Island and a portion of Maine. 1664 : Many New England settlers and immigrants moved to New York once the Dutch lost control. 1664: English take control of Dutch Settlements 24
1683 : Became a Royal Colony organizing the counties of : Albany Dutchess Kings New York Orange Queens Richmond Suffolk Ulster Westchester Prior to about 1772: New York City was the seat of government. After 1772: Albany became equally important. 1786 and 1805: New York City population tripled. 1823: NYC becomes leading port of the nation. 25
Upstate and western New York counties were not keeping records until after about 1775-1780 Those records of provincial and royal governments are found at Albany or in the counties Dutch church records are great back to 1650 s, some earlier New York Genealogical and Biographical Library Genealogical Society in Salt Lake City has microfilmed many records in the counties and at New York City which were filed at Albany. Revision: Original, E, 1 Sep 16 2009 New York State Library Jan 2007 26
New Jersey Woodbridge and Piscataway were established by settlers from the Piscataqua in New Hampshire and from Cape Cod and Long Island. 1720: Several of these settlers moved to Dutchess County, New York thinking it belonged to Connecticut. 27
Pennsylvania 1682 - Pennsylvania granted to William Penn Established as a refuge for those persecuted for religious reasons. Settled by Quakers from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 28
1676 1776: Palatines from the Rhine Valley in Germany Anabaptists (Mennonites) Germany and Switzerland 1721: Dunkards from Germany 1740: Moravians (via Georgia) Pennsylvania Dutch (Germans) 29
Europeans emigrated to Philadelphia by the hundreds The first settlers were primarily English-Welsh Quakers Many of the Swiss and German immigrants moved southwest from settling Lancaster and York counties. 30
Delaware Often referred to as the lower counties of Pennsylvania Chose independence from Pennsylvania in 1701 Delaware and the southern part of New Jersey (West Jersey) were more closely allied to Pennsylvania than was the northern part of New Jersey (East Jersey). West Jersey was mostly "Quaker" while East Jersey was more "New English and Dutch". Revision: Original, D, 1 Jan 16 2009 Jan 2007 31
Maryland 1629 first trading post established on Kent Island 1632 Lord Baltimore granted land on both sides of the Chesapeake Bay. Settled as a haven for Catholics and other persecuted religions. 32
1634 St Mary s: 20 Catholics and 200 Protestants 1729 Baltimore 1755 Arcadians to Baltimore 1793 French from Nova Scotia 1740 Appalachian Region opened to settlement by: Scotts Scottish-Irish Germans English 1818 National Road completed from Cumberland to Wheeling 33
Records Availability Vital records not as early as New England The few kept during colonial period are on film New Jersey proprietary records (about 1664-1800) filmed by Salt Lake Special genealogical and historical collections from Rutgers University and Perth also filmed. Amboy are New Jersey county records available from about 1800 34
Eastern Pennsylvania county records as well as additional counties have been completed, including: orphan's court records land records tax lists probates a few 1852-1854 vital records New York did not keep early vital records (except 1847-1852) 35
New York has: probates land records state census records some tax lists newspaper collections published material selected colonial records on file in New York City materials from the Long Island Historical Society Dutch Church records from about 1650. Gave name of child, parents and godparents; for marriages, bride and groom, witnesses. Colonial records in Albany 36
Both Delaware and Maryland have centralized their non-current public records A few birth and death records are available Marriage, probate, land, and civil court records are excellent. A considerable amount of published material is available Good church records in Maryland 37
Southern States 38
Southern Virginia 1606 Charter granted 1607 Jamestown 1 st permanent English settlement in America 1610 1665 surviving settlers were almost ready to give up and return to England, when the relief ship arrived. 1700 80,000 settlers in tidewater 39
1710-1740 Passes discovered into Blue Ridge Mountains and Shenandoah Valley 1730 Heavy immigration of: Scottish-Irish Germans Welsh from Pennsylvania Movement of German & Scotish from Pennsylvania 40
1770 s Wilderness Road opened across Cumberland Gap into Kentucky 41
1784 Virginia ceded claims north of the Ohio River Major Migration Routes in Ohio Country 1786 Anglican Church ceased to be state church of Virginia Kept Parish Registers Most no longer exist Those that do have been published 42
District of West Augusta KENTUCKY Kentucky was part of the following Virginia counties: 1734 Orange 1738 District of West Augusta 1769 Botetourt 1792 Kentucky statehood 43
South Carolina 1663 The Carolinas were granted to 8 English noblemen Area granted was 31 st parallet to 36 th parallel, Ocean to Ocean 44
1663 Charles Town on Ashley River was first permanent settlement. Settled by English from Barbados. Dutch from Holand and New York 1673 Charleston moved to present location 1675 Quakers and Irish 1680 French Huguenots 1684 Scotch Presbyterians 1685 Episcopalians from Somerset, England 45
South Carolina Districts 1769 South Carolina Counties after 1783 46
1729 North and South Carolina divide 1732 Part of South Carolina became Georgia. Many moved west to the Edisto and Santee Rivers 1760 Cherokee War ended and opened up western land. 1732-1763 Settlers came from England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Switzerland. Germany moved into the center of the state. 1745-1763 Western half of state settled by people from: Rhine area of Germany, Ulster section of Ireland, Northern Colonies 47
North Carolina 1584 Grant to Raleigh 1585 First colony 1586 Colonists returned to England 1587 Roanoak Colony established, disappeared, fate unknown. Hilite Boundary between North and South on map 1653 First permanent settlement north of Albemarle Sound by a group of Virginias 48
1691 First time differentiated from South Carolina. Ruled by South Carolina governors until 1711 1706-1725 Settlements made by: French Huguenots Germans Swiss 49
1730-1770 Scottish Highlanders came in large numbers Scotch-Irish from Pennsylvania to Virginia then North Carolina in western part of state near IreDell County 50
1732 King George II granted land between Savannah and the Altahama Rivers to several gentlemen, among them, James Oglethorpe. Goals for the Colony: Provide a buffer between the Carolinas and Florida (Spanish) Establish a refuge for those who would otherwise be in debtors prison Georgia 51
1733 Savannah settled by Oglethorpe and 35 families 1734 Augusta settled Ebenezer established by Protestant refugees from Salzburg Other settlers from Switzerland Germany Italy Scotch Highlanders Moravians 1752 Became a Crown Colony claiming all land between North Carolina and Florida from the Atlantic 52
1758-1777 Was divided into 12 Parishes: St James St Mathew St John St Paul St George St Andrew St Phillip St David St Patrick St Thomas St Mary Christ Church 1777 Organized into 7 large counties on February 5 Wilkes, Richmond, Liberty, Glynn, Effingham, Chatham, Camden 1803-1832 Georgia Land lotteries Families living in state one year were eligible Land given varied in size up to 400 acres Lotteries were in: 1803, 1806, 1819, 1827, 1832 Lottery records are in the MRFHC 53
Westward Migration 54
Migration west increases after the Revolution 55
Included all territory: U.S. after the Revolution From Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River From Great Lakes to Georgia 56
Georgi a: Virgini a: Claimed by Massachusetts Claimed by Connecticut 57
Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire each had fixed boundaries. Maine: province of Massachusetts until 1820 Vermont: claimed by both New York and New Hampshire until 1791 58
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1787: Northwest Ordinance leads to Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin 1819: Treaty with Spain gives U.S. Florida Territory 60
Migration on the Rise Indian resistance decreases Land companies organized Land in Ohio promoted throughout Europe Land surveyed and platted for public sale 61
Connecticut to Ohio Connecticut suffered severe depredations during the Revolution Fireland grants Connecticut's western reserve became Trumble County 62
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Virginians to Ohio Virginia retained lands in Ohio as a reserve for soldiers, including all or part of: Scioto Adams Clermont Warren Ross Fairfield Franklin 64
Ohio Granted Statehood in 1803 Many settlers moving across eastern and southern borders from: New England Middle Colonies Maryland and Virginia Kentucky and Tennessee North and South Carolina Georgia 65
Middle Border States Settlement of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin increased after 1820 Quakers to Indiana from Carolinas, called Carolina Colony From 1830 to 1850, settlers from New England and middle states filled the Northwest region. Motivated by improved transportation routes 66
Common Routes in 1840 The National Road The Erie Canal Ohio River 67
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The U.S. after 1840 Becoming the "melting pot" of the world Many emigrating from Europe Some remained in the East Many moved West 69
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GREAT SOURCES FOR MIGRATION PATTERNS: HANDYBOOK FOR GENEALOGISTS BUILDING AN AMERICAN PEDIGREE by Norman Edgar Wright MAP GUIDE TO AMERICAN MIGRATION ROUTES by William Dollarhyde AMERICAN MIGRATION PATTERNS by Genealogical Institute 71
MRFHC Research Consultant Training Appendix 5 1. American Migration Patterns 2. Early Virginia Migration 3. Migration Maps 4. Paletine Migration 5. Migrations.com 6. Migration Bibliography 7. Scottish Migration 8. National Road 9. Maps 72
Assignment Lesson 5: Migration Date Submitted: Date Passed on to next lesson: Name: Teacher: Assignment #1: Were rivers ever used in migration? Why? Which most used often? Assignment #2: Find the New England Coaching Roads Assignment #3: List three Places in the MRFHC where migration patterns may be found. 73
Assignment Lesson 5: Migration Date Submitted: Date Passed on to next lesson: Name: Teacher: Assignment #4: Locate and name the routes between Lancaster, Pennsylvania and Boonesboro, Kentucky. PREVIEW THE NEXT LESSON 74
Assignment Optional #1: The Forbes Road ran between What Cities? What other names is this road known by? Assignment Optional #2: What routes connected at Albany, New York? 75