The Civil War has Begun!

The Civil War has Begun!

Quick Review What is a secession? When part of a country leaves or breaks off from the rest Why did the Fugitive Slave Law upset some people in the North? Many Northerners did not want to be forced to help slave owners recover runaway slaves

Quick Review Why did southerners see Lincoln as an enemy? They thought they would make the federal government too strong and that he would try to end slavery What effect did Uncle Tom s Cabin have on the debate over slavery? It made more Northerners oppose slavery more than before and angered many Southerners

Quick Review What event began the Civil war? The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter In what year did the Confederates attack Fort Sumter? 1861

1. California 2. Connecticut 3. Delaware 4. Illinois 5. Indiana 6. Iowa 7. Kansas 8. Main 9. Maryland 10. Massachusetts 11. Michigan North 12. Minnesota 13. Nevada 14. New Hampshire 15. New York 16. New Jersey 17. Ohio 18. Pennsylvania 19. Rhode Island 20. Vermont 21. West Virginia 22. Wisconsin 23. Kentucky 24. Missouri Kentucky and Missouri stayed neutral although they were prompted by both sides South 1. South Carolina 2. Mississippi 3. Florida 4. Louisiana 5. Alabama 6. Georgia 7. Texas 8. North Carolina 9. Tennessee 10. Arkansas 11. Virginia 12. Kentucky 13. Missouri

p.176 Slave States that stayed in the Union were known as. Border States What were the four border states at the start of the Civil War? Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware

Differences between the North and the South North South Population About 22 million More factories for making weapons and supplies More railroad lines for quickly moving soldiers and supplies Population About 9 million (One third were slaves) Most of the fighting was in the south. Confederate soldiers were defending land that they knew. Excellent military leaders (Robert E. Lee)

Who was the Confederate military leader? Robert E. Lee Who was Robert E. Lee? He was a skilled and respected Confederate general who had fought in the Mexican War

Robert E. Lee was the South's greatest general during the Civil War. He graduated from West Point Military Academy and became a colonel in the army before the Civil War began. He was from Virginia and decided to fight on the side of the Confederates even though President Lincoln asked him to be commander of the entire Union Army. General Lee wanted to fight for the South and remain loyal to his home state.

What did President Lincoln ask General Lee to do? President Lincoln asked him to be commander of the entire Union Army Why did General Lee become the commander for the Confederacy? General Lee wanted to fight for the South and remain loyal to his home state.

Quick Review Why did General Lee become the commander for the Confederacy General Lee wanted to fight for the South and remain loyal to his home state. What were some of the advantages and disadvantages of Union and the Confederacy?

What can you infer about the North s strategy? p. 177 Block southern seaports, take control of the Mississippi River, and attack the East and West at the same time

p.177 What was the Union s plan for achieving victory? Why would the Union Navy block the seaports? Block seaports, control the Mississippi River, and attack in the East and the West all at once So that the confederacy could not trade with other countries

What was the South s strategy? To fight off northern attacks until the confederacy could survive as a separate nation and to get help from Britain and France What was the name of the Union plan to block Confederate ports and attack by land? Why was it called this? Anaconda Plan; after a snake that squeezes its prey

Anaconda Plan

Why did the Union army march south from Washington? To capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia What battle took place on July 21, 1861? First Battle of Bull Run

How did General Thomas Jackson get the name, Stonewall Jackson? An onlooker said he led the troops looking like a stone wall Who won The First Battle of Bull Run and what was the end result? Confederate troops; people realized the war would not end soon

After the strict rules, regarding uniforms, were passed, what did the Union uniforms look like? Uniform coats and jackets were made of dark blue material. Pants were also dark blue.

When the Civil War started in 1861, the Confederate Army did not have one style of uniform for all soldiers. A few states had dress regulations but most governors let each company pick their own style. At the start of the war many volunteers left home wearing their own clothes. The army could not make enough uniforms. Some soldiers wore dark blue clothes. That is the color the Union soldiers wore so there was a lot of confusion. Their own men during the Battle of Shiloh fired at some soldiers. At first uniforms were made of undyed wool. When dye was used the colors faded quickly because the vegetable dye was weak. Many uniforms turned a light brown color. Some states followed state regulations. They were Mississippi, North Carolina, and Georgia. The Louisiana Brigade of 3,000 soldiers took pride in their look. They wore coats and jackets made in England. In Alabama, the governor had a factory make the first gray uniforms. Their soldiers wore short gray tunics with green trim. Pants were light blue for enlisted men and dark blue for high-ranking officers. By the end of the war most southern states had their soldiers wearing these gray uniforms.

p.178 What are casualties? Soldiers who are killed or wounded What was the deadliest day of the war? The Battle of Antietam

Who led the Union army? General Ulysses S. Grant Who won the Battle of Shiloh? Confederate Army

What happened at the Battle of Antietam? The Union Army stopped General Lee from invading Maryland. The Armies suffered 23,000 casualties. Why was Vicksburg the only major Confederate town left to capture the Mississippi River? Vicksburg sat on cliffs above the river where Confederates could shoot at Union ships.

As the Civil War reached its peak, Grant sought to win control of the Mississippi Valley. In February 1862, he took Fort Donelson in Tennessee, which was the first Union victory of strategic importance. When the Confederate commander asked for terms, Grant replied, "No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted." The Confederates surrendered, and President Lincoln promoted Grant to major general of volunteers in 1863. As the fierce battles of the Civil War continued, some began to question General Grant's military leadership. At Shiloh, Grant fought one of the bloodiest battles in the West. Some called for him to be replaced. President Lincoln fended off demands that Grant be removed by saying, "I can't spare this man he fights. With President Lincoln's support, Grant was determined to move ahead to victory. He captured Vicksburg, the key city on the Mississippi River, which cut the Confederacy in two. He then broke the Confederate hold on Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Quick Review What are casualties? Soldiers who are killed or wounded Who led the Union army? General Ulysses S. Grant

p.179 What were some of the problems Jefferson Davis faced? Problems Jefferson Faced Not enough food Not enough money Not enough weapons Not enough people

What is a draft? When the government selects people to serve in the military What challenge did President Lincoln face? Due to the number of casualties, he had to work hard to win support for the war

Why would the Union need to start a draft? Due to the number of casualties and length of the war Why did people in the North oppose the draft? Rich people could pay to avoid it while poor people could not or because they opposed the war