Strategies, Advantages, and Disadvantages for the North and South Fill in the Blank as you listen to the vodcast. Strategies - Expert Information: To achieve victory in any war both sides must devise a plan or strategy to win. In the summer of 1861, the armies of both the North (the Billy Yanks) and the South (Johnny Rebs) marched off to war. Leaders for both sides created a plan for victory. Fighting during the Civil War took place on three fronts, the East (east of the Mississippi River), the West (west of the Mississippi River), and the sea. The Union (the North), planned to all Southern ports, thus keeping the South (the Confederacy), from trading with Europe to cut off the South s supply of manufactured goods. Secondly, the Union (North), would take control of the River. This would keep the South from using the river to supply its troops and cut the South in half, keeping Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas from the rest of the Confederacy (South). Finally, the Union would capture the southern capital of, Virginia where the Confederate government was located. The South (Confederacy), planned to fight a war. The Confederates wanted to bring the enemy into southern territory that is unfamiliar to them and exhaust them. The Southerners were also counting on help from. They hoped European countries would send money and supplies in exchange for cotton. Like the North, the South wanted to capture the Northern capital of. where the government of the Union was located. Both the North and South had advantages and disadvantages for winning the Civil War. Northern advantages superior in Abraham Lincoln greater n 22 million people power a five to two advantage in men who could fight, a navy, war machinery industrial power more factories more more more farm land where crops, not cash crops were grown Northern disadvantages weak not fighting for a cause, or at least one they could understand officers not enough many failed to press their enemy when they had the advantage, inexperienced fighting on territory most Northerners had never been in the South, poor communication, and long supply lines hampered the North believed the war would be over quickly Southern advantages outstanding military most had experience from the Mexican War, they had a strong military tradition and had been educated at military schools motivation were fighting to keep way of life fighting on ground knew the territory soldiers skilled with and because they lived in rural areas Southern disadvantages weak skills of Jefferson Davis no fewer and supplies few less weaker Updated 06/07/02 1
Union Leaders Abraham Lincoln George McClellan Grew up in the Midwest Self-educated man that became a. He was and thin in appearance. Wife was Mary Todd Lincoln His main goal was to the Union. Commander of the Union army at the of the war Had General Lee on the run at Antietam but did not him down Was of command by Lincoln Ran against Lincoln for in 1864 Ambrose Burnside George Meade Union General and Mexican War veteran Defeated at the Battle of Relieved of command by Lincoln His style of facial hair is where we get the term. Union General and Mexican War veteran Won a key victory at the Battle of. He was not very aggressive He was not the commander was looking for and was also relieved of command Updated 06/07/02 2
William T. Sherman Ulysses S. Grant Union General and Mexican War veteran Ordered to march through and the Carolinas destroying everything in his path This was known as Sherman s March to the Sea Would later fight in the Indian Wars Final commander of the Union forces Grant believed in warfare Total Warfare taking the war to your enemy from all sides destroying. Grant would accept Lee s surrender to end the war. Predict how the war might have been different if Ulysses S. Grant was the commander for the Union from the start. Updated 06/07/02 3
Confederate Leaders Jefferson Davis Thomas Stonewall Jackson Grew up in a small plantation in. Former U.S. Senator Selected as President of the. He was reluctant to take the job. Confederate General and veteran of the Mexican War Won a major victory at the Battle of Bull. Jackson was firm in battle earning him the nickname Stonewall He at the Battle of Chancellorsville This severely hurt the George Pickett Robert E. Lee Confederate General and Mexican War veteran Commanded the infantry for Robert E. Lee Lost most of his division at the Battle of. This was known as Charge. Asked by to command the Union forces. He chose over country remaining loyal to Virginia Became overall commander of the Army. Known as one the of the greatest generals in history Updated 06/07/02 4
Lincoln s Speeches and Statements Lincoln made many important speeches during his time as President of the United States First Inaugural Address 1. Lincoln focused on his support of the. 2. He made no mention of interfering with Second Inaugural Address 1. Lincoln summed up his vision on and harmony between the North and South Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation 1. the slaves in the Confederate States. 1. Expressed Lincoln s thoughts that the war was now about human. Why was it important for Lincoln to be an excellent speaker? Updated 06/07/02 5
Fill in the missing parts of the Battle Chart. Date Battle Victor Significance April 12, 1861 Confederacy beginning of the Civil War July 21, 1861 1 st Bull Run (Virginia) Shiloh (Tennessee) Union gained control of the northern Mississippi September 17-18, 1862 Antietam (Maryland) Union July 1-4, 1863 July 4, 1863 (6 weeks) Vicksburg (Mississippi) Union Turning point of the war; Confederates would never again invade the North; Gettysburg Address April 9, 1865 Sherman s March (Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina) Union total warfare; destroyed everything useful to the South Palmito Ranch South won the battle but had already lost the war Updated 06/07/02 6