Bullitt Central Health Science
Objective Student will: Review key terms, content and concepts in preparation for taking the Allied Health KOSSA
Communication Health care workers must be able to relate to patients, family, coworkers and other professionals How do we as healthcare workers communicate with our patients?
Communication Ways it occurs Verbal means or spoken words Written communications Nonverbal behavior such as facial expressions, body language, and touch
Essential elements of communication process SENDER: an individual who creates a message to convey information or an idea to another person MESSAGE: information, ideas, or thoughts RECEIVER: an individual who receives a message from the sender Without a sender, message, and receiver, communication cannot occur FEEDBACK: can be used to determine if communication successful
FACTORS which interfere with communication process MESSAGE MUST BE CLEAR SENDER must deliver message in a clear and concise manner RECEIVER must be able to hear and receive the message RECEIVER must be able to understand message INTERRUPTIONS or DISTRACTIONS must be avoided
LISTENING Essential part of effective communications Means to pay attention to and make an effort to hear what the other person is saying Good listening skills require constant practice
Types of Active Listening Reflection Seeking to understand a speaker s idea, then offering the idea back to the speaker, to confirm the idea has been understood correctly. Restatement To state again in a new way to confirm understanding Clarification The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more comprehensible
Self Introductions https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature =player_detailpage&v=jno0vfmiktk
Reporting Reporting is the oral account of care and observations Any significant changes in patient condition in your shift is reported to the nurse STAT!! During end-of-shift report, information is shared about: The care given The care that must be given The person s condition Likely changes in the person s condition
Types of Information o What is subjective information? o What is objective information?
Types of Information Subjective information what is told to you by the patient. Cannot be detected with your senses. For ex. You cannot see someone s pain. They describe it to you. Objective information what can be detected by your senses you can smell it, hear it, see it, feel it For ex. Wound drainage
The medical record The medical record (chart, clinical record) is: A written account of a person s condition and response to treatment and care A permanent, legal document Any and all health information about a patient is information is considered privileged information and must be kept confidential.
Documentation and record keeping Nursing center policies about medical records and who can see them address: Who records When to record Abbreviations Correcting errors Ink color Signing entries
Confidentiality What does confidentiality mean? What is the name of the act that we as healthcare workers follow to keep information private?
Confidentiality The principle in medical ethics that the information a patient reveals to a health care provider is private and has limits on how and when it can be disclosed to a third party. HIPAA Health Information Portability and Accountability Act
Types of Healthcare Services Diagnostic Responsible for assistance in determining the cause(s) of illness or injury Ex. Lab, Imaging, ER Therapeutic Responsible for providing treatment to patients Ex. PT, OT, Nsg, RT, Speech therapy Informational Responsible for documentation and processing of all information within the organization Ex. Admissions, Billing, Medical records, HR, Health Ed Environmental Responsible for maintaining a safe, clean environment Housekeeping, maintenance
Legal and ethical issues Criminal law--dealing with wrongs against a person, property or society. Practicing without a license, misuse of narcotics, theft Civil law--deals with legal relationships between people and protection of a person s rights. For ex. Contracts and torts (neglience, malpractice
Legal and ethical issues Negligence--Failure to provide care that is normally expected of a person equally trained in that particular situation, resulting in injury to the patient When a healthcare worker is negligent it is call MALPRACTICE!
Legal and ethical issues Malpractice elementally means bad practice Providing improper or unprofessional treatment or care For ex: Ordered side rails left down and patient falls from bed Using or not reporting defective equipment that injures patient Doctor amputating the wrong limb in surgery
Legal and ethical issues Liability The state of being responsible for something, especially by law. Liability insurance is available to health care professionals to protect them in such events like cases of negligence and malpractice.
Serious Reportable Incidents (SRI) Abuse and neglect Medication errors Epidemic outbreaks Poisonings Fires Major accidents
Patients Rights Patients rights are factors of care that patients can expect to receive Health care facilities have written policies concerning patients' rights All health care workers must honor these 3/8/2015 Ethics in Health Care 24
Patient Rights and Responsibilities https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwi 6Vsqt_WE&feature=player_detailpage
Informed consent Permission granted by a person of sound mind of legal age after the procedure and all risks have been explained in term the patient understands Procedures requiring written consent: Surgery Invasive diagnostic tests Treatment of minors Siderail releases (if doctor order)
What is the difference? Licensure Certification Registration
What is the difference? Licensure The granting of permission by a competent authority (usually a gov t agency-like a medical board or board of nsg) to an organization or individual to engage in a practice or activity that would otherwise be illegal. Doctors, dentists, nurses, veterinarians, PTs, OTs PTAs & OTAs may be licensed or certified, depends on their state
What is the difference? Certification A process in which an individual, an institution or educational program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards. Usually made by a nongov t agency. Purpose is to ensure that standards that are necessary for safe and ethical practice of the profession or service are met. Nurses may earn certs in speciality area as can MDs
What is the difference? Registration The least restrictive form of state regulations on persons with certain professional qualifications, which requires the filing of name, address and qualifications before practicing in the field of expertise. MNA s Medicaid Nursing Assistants
Scope of Practice Describes the procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ch ZN54gNi0
OSHA What does it stand for? What do they do?
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. It also provides information, training and assistance to workers and employers.
CDC What does it stand for? What do they do?
CDC Centers for Disease Control It a federal agency that conducts and supports health promotion, prevention and preparedness activities in the United States with the goal of improving overall public health
CLIA What does it stand for? What does it do?
CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments Passed in 1988 to establish quality standards for all laboratory testing to ensure the accuracy, reliability and timeliness of patient test results regardless of where the test was performed.
Morality vs. Ethics Morality Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Ethics Moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior. Nursing ethics values or moral principles governing relationships between the nurse and the patient, the patient s family, other member of the health professions and the general public.
Bioethics in Healthcare Top 5 bioethical issues in healthcare Balancing care quality and efficiency Improving access to care Building and sustaining the healthcare workforce of the future Addressing end-of-life issues Allocating limited medications and donor organs
Culturally Sensitive Care https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4k8 YWqkjqo
Infection Control Airborne precautions Prevention of transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air Measles, Chickenpox, Tuberculosis
Infection Control Droplet precautions Prevention of transmission of disease spread by droplets. Droplets are generarted from the source person primarily during coughing, sneezing, talking and performance of certain procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy.
Infection Control Contact precautions Direct-contact transmission involves skin to skin contact and physical transfer of microorganisms to a susceptible host from an infected or colonized person.
What s the difference? Medical asepsis (clean technique) Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
What s the difference? Medical asepsis (clean technique) All practices that reduce the number, growth, transfer and spread of pathogenic organisms. Handwashing, bathing, cleaning environment, wearing PPE
What s the difference? Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) Practices that keep an area or objects free from all microorganisms non pathogenic and pathogenic including spores and viruses. Requirement for any invasive procedure
What s the difference? Clean Free from dirt or pollution. Disinfection The process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inert. Sterilization Complete elimination or destruction of all living microorganisms.
Personal Exposure Incident Plan http://con1.classes.redcross.org/producti on/cninv000000000002579/section4/em ployers-plan.html
Workplace Safety Fire Remember R.A.C.E? What about P.A.S.S? What does it mean? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pllpogm B8M8
Workplace Safety Good Body Mechanics Wide base of support Bend at knees, squat and lift with legs Keep object that is being lifted close to body Do not twist or turn while lifting Get patient or coworker assistance when needed
Keep patient/resident environment clean Pick up any trash Empty trashcan often Keep bathroom clean Clean any spills ASAP Keep frequently used items on bedside table within reach Change linens as needed Keep room uncluttered and efficiently arrange furniture
MSDS sheets What are they? Material Safety Data Sheet Document that gives detailed information about the nature of a chemical, such as physical and chemical properties, health, safety, fire, and environmental hazards of a chemical product. They are designed for workers who may be exposed to hazardous materials.
Safety symbols
How do I handle these chemicals? Be familiar with what is used in your area of work Store them properly Handle them properly Dispose of them properly Know what to do if an exposure or spill happens
What do I do??? If there is a Hazardous Materials Spill R.I.N.S.E.! Rescue--Provide assistance to individuals in trouble Incident Command--Take control of the incident Notify--Contact the appropriate clean up team Suppress/Confine--Prevent future spread of the hazardous material Evacuate--Notify personnel in the case there is a need to evacuate
Emergency Planning for the Healthcare Setting Prior to any emergency become familiar with the facility s emergency plan, including: Location of emergency exits How alarm system works and modifications for individuals who are hearing and/or visually impaired Plans for evacuation, including: How residents/visitors requiring assistance will be evacuated, if necessary How the facility will ensure each resident can be identified during evacuation (e.g., attach identification information to each resident prior to evacuation) Facility s evacuation strategy Where they will go How their medical charts will be transferred How families will be notified of evacuation
Systems theory Systems, in general, have the following elements: Input: Resources entering the system Throughput: Work done on those resources used to produce a product Output: The final product Feedback: Information taken from the output to control or correct errors in throughput
Healthcare delivery model
Qualities of a Healthcare Worker Dependability Honesty Empathy Willingness to learn Tact Discretion Competence Patience Acceptance of criticism Enthusiasm Responsibility Team player
Promotion of Health Well balanced diet Regular exercise Routine physical, dental and vision exams Immunizations Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, drugs, environmental contaminants and risky sexual behavior