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PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY (ISSN 0031-4528) Quarterly Journal of the Pennsylvania Historical Association Editor Francis J. Bremer, Millersville University Associate Editor Ronald M. Benson, Millersville University Book Review Editor Charles D. Cashdollar, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Documents Editor Billy G. Smith, Montana State University News Editor Donna Munger, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Editorial Assistant Daniel R. Martin Editorial Board Jo Ann E. Argersinger, University of Maryland James Axtell, College of William and Mary John Bauman, California University Roland Baumann, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Michael Bezilla, Pennsylvania State University John Bodnar, Indiana University Allen F. Davis, Temple University T. J. Davis, Howard University Edward Duggan, Goucher College Henry Glassie, University of Pennsylvania Maurine Greenwald, University of Pittsburgh P. M. G. Harris, Temple University Daniel K. Richter, Dickinson College Nancy Sahli, National Historical Publications and Records Commission Anthony F. C. Wallace, University of Pennsylvania Michael Zuckerman, University of Pennsylvania i
MANUSCRIPTS AND REVIEWS The editor invites the submission of articles dealing with the social, intellectual, economic, political and cultural history of Pennsylvania and the Middle Atlantic region. Articles may reflect investigation of new areas of research or may reflect on past scholarship. Material that is primarily of an antiquarian or genealogical nature will not be considered. Pennsylvania History publishes documents previously unpublished and of interest to students of the Middle Atlantic region. The journal also reviews books dealing primarily with Pennsylvania history or which shed significant light on aspects of the state's past. Manuscripts must be submitted in two copies and should conform with the University of Chicago Manual of Style. Footnotes should be double-spaced and placed at the end of the manuscript. Articles and documents should be sent to the editor: Michael Birkner, Department of History, Millersville University Millersville, Pennsylvania 17551. News of meetings, projects, exhibits, manuscript collections and related matters should be sent to Donna Munger, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Box 1026, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120. Send books for review and names of individuals who wish to review for the journal to Charles D. Cashdollar, Department of History, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705. ii
PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY VOLUME 54 OCTOBER 1987 NUMBER 4 AN EDITORIAL NOTE... 243 ARTICLES BEFORE THE REVOLUTION: FORMAL RHETORIC IN PHILADELPHIA DURING THE FEDERAL ERA... Dennis Barone 245 THE UNPROGRESSIVE CITY: PHILADELPHIA AND URBAN STEREOTYPES AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY... Michael P. McCarthy 264 NOTES AND DOCUMENTS CHESTER COUNTY PROBATE RECORDS, 1713-1850 Jack McCarthy, Laurie Rofini, Barbara Weir 283 BOOK REVIEWS BAILYN, Voyagers to the West... 304 Huss, The Master Builders: The Grand Lodge offree Masons Vol. I... 305 CREMERS, Reading Furnace 1736... 307 SLAUGHTER, The Whiskey Rebellion... 308 INGLE, Quakers in Conflict: The Hicksite Reformation... 309 SHELTON, The Mills of Manayunk... 311 BLACKETT, Beating Against the Barriers: Biographical Essays in 19th C. Afro American History... 312 STOLARIK, Growing Up on the South Side: Slovaks in Bethlehem... 314 SCRANTON AND LICHT, Work Sights: Industrial Philadelphia 1890-1950... 315 TOKER, Pittsburgh: An Urban Portrait... 316 INDEX TO VOLUME 54 318 The Pennsylvania Historical Association is the only statewide historical society now active in the Commonwealth. By its annual meetings held successively in different parts of the state, its publications and its cosponsorship of an annual research conference the association endeavors to stimulate scholarly activity and arouse popular interest in the state's history. Pennsylvania History (ISSN-0031-4528) is published quarterly, January, April, July and October for $15.00 yearly subscription for individuals, and $18.00 yearly for institutions. It is published by The Pennsylvania Historical Association, 704 Liberal Arts Tower, University Park, PA. 16802. Second- Class Postage Paid at State College, PA and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send addresses to Pennsylvania History, 704 Liberal Arts Tower, University Park, PA. 16802. The journal is printed by Science Press in Ephrata, Pennsylvania. Cover design by J. Stephen Davis
AN EDITORIAL NOTE As I pass the editorial duties over to my friend Dr. Michael Birkner I would like to take this opportunity to comment on the changes made in the journal during my tenure as editor and to extend my thanks to some of those who have helped me over the years. With the assistance of the many scholars who have contributed articles and book reviews, Pennsylvania History has retained its reputation as an important state historical journal. The establishment of the Philip Klein prize should attract articles which will enhance its stature. Roland Bauman deserves our gratitude for making that prize possible. Maintaining a level of quality has been made easier by the Editorial Board. The topics dealt with in the articles submitted placed a heavier burden of reading and criticism on some board members than on others, but all have helped the journal by their willingness to serve. I consider the action taken by the PHA Council to establish terms and rotation of office for board members an excellent one, which should prove to be a major factor in assuring continuity of tradition while allowing the editor to gradually assemble his own board. It was a reform long needed and which I greatly appreciated. Recognizing the problems in singling out one member for special thanks, I nevertheless wish to acknowledge the efforts of Mike Zuckerman. The editor and the scholars whose work he has commented on have been enriched by his probing, detailed, thoughtful and always constructive critiques of manuscripts. I would also like to thank Donna Munger, who has worked hard to make the "News and Comment" section a true clearinghouse of information relative to the study of Pennsylvania's history. Perhaps the most important change in the journal over the past decade was the introduction of the new document section. Long after the articles and reviews of our generation have been superseded by the efforts of later scholars, those interested in the commonwealth will turn to Pennsylvania History for the documents saved and made available in its pages. In publishing these materials we perform the important function of preserving the past, certainly as significant a charge as interpreting it. All the credit for that accomplishment belongs to Billy Smith, and to him goes my sincere thanks. I also wish to recognize the talents and contributions of Charles Cashdollar. Charles was Book Review editor before I took over the journal though, alas, he has now handed over that task. No one could have done a better job and I was often struck by how well our reviews compared to those in larger, national journals. During my tenure the office of editor brought with it no released time or other compensation. Faced with a multitude of obligations I could not have managed to bring the journal out at all without the volunteer assistance of Brian Ressler, Joy Allen, Dan Martin and Frank Barton-all graduate students at Millersville who read proofs, prepared the index, stuffed envelopes, and carted the journal to the post office. To them also, thanks. With support such as I have received, I know that the new editor and associate editor will match and even exceed your hopes for the journal. FRANK BREMER 243