Importance of Data Collection and Analysis to Drive Practice and Promote Sustainability CRISIS INTERVENTION TEAM CONFERENCE August 18, 2017
Facilitator: Talia Peckerman, Policy Analyst CSG Justice Center Presenters: Officer David Rose Mental Health Division, Houston Police Department Detective Charles Dempsey Mental Evaluation Unit, Los Angeles Police Department The Council of State Governments Justice Center 2
Overview Introduction Houston Police Department Los Angeles Police Department Questions & Answers The Council of State Governments Justice Center 3
National nonprofit, nonpartisan membership association of state government officials Represents all three branches of state government Provides practical advice informed by the best available evidence 4 The Council of State Governments Justice Center 4
Police-Mental Health Collaboration (PMHC) Program? A PMHC program is: A law enforcement-based program, which involves collaborating with a mental/ behavioral health entity. Designed to divert individuals with mental illness or in mental health crisis from unnecessary jail bookings and/or hospitalization. BJA PMHC Toolkit: https://pmhctoolkit.bja.gov 5 The Council of State Governments Justice Center 5
Law Enforcement-Mental Health Learning Sites Current Sites Represent a diverse cross-section of perspectives and program examples Dedicated to helping other jurisdictions improve their responses to people with mental illnesses. Host site visits from interested colleagues and other local and state government officials, and answer questions from the field Work closely with CSG Justice Center staff to develop materials for practitioners and their community partners. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 6
Purpose of Collecting Data Performance Measurement Evaluate Control Budget Motivate Promote Celebrate Learn Improve Informationsharing How well is my Police Mental Health Collaboration (PMHC) effort performing? How can I ensure that my staff is following policy and protocols? How should funding be allocated? How can staff be motivated to improve performance? How can I demonstrate to legislators, stakeholders, journalists, and the community that my agency is doing a good job? What accomplishments can we celebrate? Why is what working or not working? What exactly should who do differently to improve performance? How can we identifying high utilizers, facilitate appropriate dispositions, and improve continuity of care? Performance Measurement section adapted from: Robert D. Behn, Why Measure Performance?, Public Administration Review, Sept./Oct. 2003, Vol. 63, No. 5. 34 The Council of State Governments Justice Center 7
Overview Introduction Houston Police Department Los Angeles Police Department Questions & Answers The Council of State Governments Justice Center 8
Data Collection and Analysis to Drive Practice and Promote Sustainability Houston Police Department Presented by David Rose, MPA Officer in the Houston Police Mental Health Division The Council of State Governments Justice Center 9
Vs. Data Information Names Addresses Diagnosis Dates/Times Identifying information Objective Clear* Accurate* Leads to decision making Answers questions like, How do we inform officers about consumers that were violent to officers on previous calls? Open to interpretation Should drive and support programs The Council of State Governments Justice Center 10
Information Drives Decision Making Metrics How do we measure a problem/success? Public Administration Standards (determine real problem/effective solution) Examples: o Calls for service metric of problem / may not demonstrate success o Reduction in arrests/commitments (emergency detentions) metric of problem/possible demonstration of program outcomes. o Tracking violent consumers The Council of State Governments Justice Center 11
Garbage In/Garbage Out Maintaining Data Integrity Key Concerns Reliability Accountability Transparency Clear Processes (data can be duplicated by an independent body if necessary) Making sure information going in is clean and accurate is a best practice. Effort is duplicated if this is a separate step. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 12
Waste There is a need for efficiency and proper utilization of people and time. Some data collection may need to be added to databases, report systems, computer-aided dispatch, etc. Effort should be made to reduce inefficiency and the collection of duplicate or irrelevant data that does not lead to information. Time is a precious resource and EVERYONE hates data entry The Council of State Governments Justice Center 13
Example of Information Overload Suspicious Person w/ a Weapon/CIT Call # 109827340 Address 17435 Imperial Valley Drive #433 Unit 6b54E dispatched at 1512 hours 6/30/2017 1510 hours Reportee: Twila 8328888881 Twila states that a strange man is in a crisis and has a golf club, swinging it and screaming. Twila states that this does concern the mental health of the man. LSW white shirt, blue jeans, unknown age, unknown race Apartment #431 is the residence of Homer Simpson, a consumer that needed to be leg restrained and has hallucinations of demons. Apartment #401 is functioning as a group home and there may be consumers at the property. Apartment #425 is the residence of Bill Johnson, a consumer that has threatened suicide by cop. Gate code 1781 Apartments numbered in the 200s in 17435 are frequented by the True Bloods who wear black and red gang colors, officers are advised that there is significant gang related activity in this area and 2 officers should be dispatched to all apartments in this complex. Apartment #123 is the residence of George Smith, a veteran with PTSD. He frequently is armed with a knife and officers should utilize caution. Apartment #1702 is the residence of an autistic adult male, Jimmy Brooks. Jimmy frequently has meltdowns and may cause disturbances with other residents. Contact his mother, Gloria, at 8326233326 Apartment staff can be reached at 713.335.7483. Extension 405. If it is after hours, contact 832.876.5412 to contact the answering service and place a message for staff. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 14
HPD Data Practices The Council of State Governments Justice Center 15
Coding Calls To Identify Mental Illness Purpose/Function To identify calls potentially involving mentally illness. Execution Call takers/911 dispatchers ask if the call pertains to mental illness and if either the reportee/suspect/complainant have mental illness. If so, the caller is asked, Is the person you are calling about currently attempting to harm or kill anyone else or themselves? The Council of State Governments Justice Center 16
Flexibility: Formula for Call Coding Type of call/presence of Weapons or dangerous factors/priority Some examples of the 32 codes we use: Assault/WPN/In Progress/CIT Major Accident/Disturbance/FWY/CIT Suicide/No Weapon/Just Occurred The Council of State Governments Justice Center 17
Mental Illness Reports RMS System explanation Report Management System Flag/Tag system Primary/Secondary Investigation Mental Illness offense Routing to division (s) Subcategory on person screen for mental health Identifies if the person is homeless, mentally ill, and/or employed at a group home (boarding home) Also identifies if the person was transported to a hospital by police The Council of State Governments Justice Center 18
Mental Health Database Tracking people Keeps demographic information for consumers Incidents Tracks arrests, detentions, and contacts leading to reports (significant contacts) Does not report calls unrelated to mental health Used to inform CAD location entries (flag certain addresses), conduct followups, to run the person through the mental health division, and determine eligibility for case management programs in the Police Mental Health Collaboration. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 19
Grant Metrics for Programs Cost of officer per hour (patrol and investigation) Cost of case manager Research costs and savings or partner with research team Administrators are not academics 2015 Report Analysis on Potential Impact of Homeless Outreach Team Societal cost of a homeless person $40,051 Cost of servicing and housing a homeless person $25,529 Difference $14,522 Individuals housed by HOT in 2015 301 Estimated savings $4,371,122 The Council of State Governments Justice Center 20
Chronic Consumer Stabilization Initiative Decrease troublesome consumer s reliance on police and local mental health authority s resources through intensive case management Voluntary system 1 officers, 6 case managers with 15 consumers on their case load Goal to substantially decrease arrests, calls, and hospitalizations The Council of State Governments Justice Center 21
CCSI Outcomes 2015 * Based on a cost of $860.00 per day ** Based on a cost of $513.00 per day *** Based on a cost of $168.00 per incident/interaction The Council of State Governments Justice Center 22
Metric Development Be transparent Document and research how numbers were developed Admit issues and work to improve the processes Information should not be used to deceive if there are issues with past data, explain the discrepancies and move forward The Council of State Governments Justice Center 23
CCSI Outcomes 2016 Activity 1 Year Prior to CCSI Cost <1 to 1 Year on CCSI Cost % Diff. Difference NPC Bed Days 301 $258,86 0 139 $119,540 54% $139,320 HCPC Bed Days HPD Incidents 81 41,553 39 $20,007 52% $21,546 362 53,576 192 $28,416 47% $25,160 Total Savings: $186,026 * Based on a cost of $860.00 per day ** Based on a cost of $513.00 per day *** Based on a cost of $148.00 per incident/interaction (assumes a 1.5 hour average CIT call clearance, $49.20 hourly rate and two officers dispatched) Note that it is no longer Pre CCSI/Post CCSI 1 Year or Post CCSI 18-24 months The Council of State Governments Justice Center 24
Future of Information/Collaboration Continue to make database accessible to all officers to help aid decision making. Discover more effective means of tracking violent consumers and related risk factors without creating information overload. Continue to review reports to recognize training concerns and review body cam footage in the future to incorporate best practices into trainings. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 25
Overview Introduction Houston Police Department Los Angeles Police Department Questions & Answers The Council of State Governments Justice Center 26
Data Collection and Analysis to Drive Practice and Promote Sustainability Los Angeles Police Department The Council of State Governments Justice Center 27
Why is Data Collection Important? You don t know, what you don t know, so you need to capture as much information as possible to assess risks, analyze trends, and develop an effective response. An effective program must: Develop the capacity to capture knowable information (all sources); Develop the ability to quickly and efficiently share that information in a timely fashion; Once shared, have the capacity to act effectively and timely to the information that you have discovered or developed. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 28
Information is perishable. Develop a strategy to capture knowable information on the front end of the incident; Mental Evaluation Incident Report (CIT Report) Effective Screening and Data Collection Tool Ease of use to ensure compliance from officers in in the field Standardization of effective risk assessment Train to the strategy of an effective Law Enforcement/Mental Health Response Program (the Why) The Council of State Governments Justice Center 29
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Educating the Community What information do we need as we respond to the crisis What can you expect when we respond Work collaboratively to reduce the risk of negative outcomes Provide an effective and humane intervention The Council of State Governments Justice Center 31
Information Sharing and Safeguarding Requires Federal Statutes and Regulations Health: HIPAA/ 45 CFR 164 Substance Use: 42 CFR Part 2 Shared Risk Management Educational Records: Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) State Statutes and Regulations Information privacy Duty to report Duty to warn Professional standards and ethics Local policies Agency policies & procedures Interpersonal relationships The Council of State Governments Justice Center 32
Information Sharing and Safeguarding Requires Shared Risk Management Sharing and safeguarding are not mutually exclusive. Policies, practices, and methods for information sharing and safeguarding can enable appropriate confidentiality while increasing transparency. In order to build and sustain the trust required to share with one another, we must work together to identify and collectively reduce risk, rather than avoiding information loss by not sharing at all. To realize the benefits of sharing information, stakeholders mitigate and manage risk by taking appropriate measures to build trust in the processes that safeguard information from compromise. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 33
Analysis and Reporting Develop an understanding of the scope and breadth of the resource allocation (date, time, location, and frequency) Identify trends / Comparative analysis Identify high risk individuals or locations Assess the effectiveness of the response Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy by reviewing outcomes Understand and evaluate cost savings associated with an effective response and sustainable outcomes The Council of State Governments Justice Center 34
Information: Searchable and Retrievable The Council of State Governments Justice Center 35
Accountability.. COMPSTAT the programs activities monthly Detailed analysis of: Number, type, time of day, frequency, and location of calls Calls handled by Patrol vs Specialized Unit (SMART) Patrol time saved Disposition of Calls Hospitalization (county / private / urgent care) Arrest (felony/high grade misdemeanor) Diversion (pre-arrest / post-arrest) Referral to Services The Council of State Governments Justice Center 36
Statistics Reported v. Tracked.. MENTAL EVALUATION UNIT - SMART / CAMP SMART CALLS FOR SERVICE ACTIVITY by MONTH YTD COMPARISON Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1/1/16 thru 07/31/16 Operations - Central Bureau 346 317 374 419 403 388 418 2665 Operations - South Bureau 320 292 331 357 373 380 469 2522 Operations - Valley Bureau 411 481 530 520 556 556 591 3645 Operations - West Bureau 323 321 349 346 333 358 391 2421 Outside City (999) 1 9 7 5 10 12 14 58 Total 1401 1420 1591 1647 1675 1694 1883 0 0 0 0 0 11311 MEU Calls for Service - Those calls when a SMART could have been dispatched (5150, Info only, Injury). SMART CALLS HANDLED ACTIVITY by MONTH YTD COMPARISON Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1/1/16 thru 07/31/16 Operations - Central Bureau 164 155 163 173 202 193 200 1250 Operations - South Bureau 121 120 132 103 125 147 176 924 Operations - Valley Bureau 118 126 128 144 181 207 183 1087 Operations - West Bureau 108 112 128 115 152 185 171 971 Outside City (999) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Total 511 515 551 535 660 732 730 0 0 0 0 0 4234 SMART Calls Handled - Calls for service where SMART Unit was dispatched and handled the call. REFERRALS BY SMART ACTIVITY by MONTH YTD COMPARISON Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1/1/16 thru 07/31/16 Operations - Central Bureau 19 17 20 13 20 12 16 117 Operations - South Bureau 19 16 8 11 13 8 9 84 Operations - Valley Bureau 18 15 17 17 21 14 25 127 Operations - West Bureau 15 14 17 8 17 16 17 104 Outside City (999) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 71 63 62 49 71 50 67 0 0 0 0 0 433 Referrals by SMART - Calls for service where the individual did not meet criteria for 5150 and alternative service referrals were provided. TRAINING ACTIVITY by MONTH YTD COMPARISON Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1/1/16 thru 07/31/16 Number of Presentations 4 6 9 5 3 23 154 204 Number of Hours 76 79 150 75 108 75 96 659 Number of Attendees 655 122 380 416 83 116 368 2140 Roll Calls 12 8 11 14 15 40 48 148 COMMUNITY OUTREACH ACTIVITY by MONTH YTD COMPARISON Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1/1/16 thru 07/31/16 Number of Presentations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of Attendees 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CRISIS RESPONSE SUPPORT SECTION - MENTAL EVALUATION UNIT PRODUCTIVITY REPORT JULY 2017 MEU Inquiries By Bureau MEU Inquiries By Bureau (YTD) 5150 Holds By SMART 5150 Holds / SMART YTD July June % 2017 2016 % July June % 2017 2016 % Central 1667 1640 2% Central 9470 7893 20% 585 592-1% 4056 3237 25% South 1110 1215-9% South 8059 7346 10% Valley 1505 1460 3% Valley 11148 10075 11% 5150 Holds By Patrol 5150 Holds / Patrol YTD West 1169 1074 9% West 7561 3846 97% July June % 2017 2016 % Outside 826 946-13% Outside 5758 3514 64% 391 424-8% 2800 2600 8% Total 6277 6335-1% Total 41996 32674 29% 5150 Amb/Inj (Patrol Hold) 5150 Amb/Inj (Patrol Hold) YTD MEU/SMART Calls for Service By Bureau MEU/SMART Calls For Service By Bureau (YTD) July June % 2017 2016 % July June % 2017 2016 % 225 194 16% 1165 1052 11% * Added October 2015 * Added October 2015 Central 441 422 5% Central 2705 2665 2% South 344 329 5% South 2386 2522-5% 5150 Ambulance / Attempt Suicide 5150 Ambulance / Attempt Suicide YTD Valley 520 484 7% Valley 3866 3645 6% July June % 2017 2016 % West 414 391 6% West 2529 2421 4% 232 184 26% 1484 1456 2% Outside 7 8-13% Outside 59 58 2% Total 1726 1634 6% Total 11545 11311 2% Patrol Time Saved By SMART (Hrs) Patrol Time Saved By SMART YTD (Hrs) July June % 2017 2016 % SMART Calls Handled By Bureau SMART Calls Handled By Bureau (YTD) 1260 1356-7% 8650 6553 32% July June % 2017 2016 % Central 221 203 9% Central 1372 1250 10% Hospitalizations YTD TOTAL South 166 163 2% South 1147 924 24% July June % 2017 2016 % Valley 189 181 4% Valley 1411 1087 30% County 200 165 21% 365 360 1% West 165 173-5% West 1115 971 15% Private 385 427-10% 812 780 4% Outside 0 1-100% Outside 2 2 0% Total 741 721 3% Total 5047 4234 19% Cases By CAMP * YTD TOTAL July June % 2017 2016 % Referrals By SMART Referrals By SMART (YTD) Open 79 97-19% 176 162 9% July June % 2017 2016 % Inactive 100 76 32% 176 108 63% Central 15 11 36% Central 111 117-5% South 12 13-8% South 87 84 4% Significant Incidents Valley 22 16 38% Valley 176 127 39% July June % 2017 2016 % West 11 10 10% West 90 104-13% 1 1 0% 2 2 0% Arrests Outside 0 0 #DIV/0! Outside 0 1-100% 2 5-60% 7 2 250% 5150 Hold Total 60 50 20% Total 464 433 7% 1 0 #DIV/0! 1 1 0% No Action 2 1 100% 3 2 50% Other Notes Number of Cases 6 7-14% 13 5 160% The Council of State Governments Justice Center 37
Questions and Answers The Council of State Governments Justice Center 38
Contact Information David Rose, Officer Mental Health Division, Houston Police Department Tel: 713-530-7434 David.Rose@HoustonPolice.org MHD webpage www.houstoncit.org Charles Dempsey, Detective III Officer in Charge Admin-Training Detail Mental Evaluation Unit Crisis Response Support Section Tel: 213-996-1327 30036@lapd.online MEU Social Media Twitter @LAPDMEU Facebook LAPDMEU Instagram #LAPDMEU The Council of State Governments Justice Center 39
Thank You Join our distribution list to receive CSG Justice Center project updates! csgjusticecenter.org/subscribe For more information, contact NAME (nsmith-kea@csg.org) The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments (CSG) Justice Center staff. The statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the CSG Justice Center, the members of The Council of State Governments, or the funding agencies supporting our work. The Council of State Governments Justice Center 40