The PAMAP Program Ortho and LiDAR GIS-T 2008 Houston, TX Special thanks for to Helen Delano & Chris Markel, BAE Systems 0
Agenda PA Map Program Ortho-photography LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Cool Stuff Technology Applications 1
What is PAMAP? The digital base map of Pennsylvania Digital ortho-imagery LiDAR point clouds LiDAR-derived products Land Use/Cover Building/Structure 2
Collaboration USGS National Map Cooperative Agreements Funding Partners Primarily DCNR State Agencies USGS FEMA Penn State 3
Annual Reflight Schedule Ortho-imagery ERIE CRAWFORD WARREN McKEAN POTTER TIOGA BRADFORD SUSQUEHANNA WAYNE MERCER LAWRENCE BEAVER VENANGO BUTLER ALLEGHENY WASHINGTON CLARION FOREST ARMSTRONG WESTMORELAND JEFFERSON INDIANA ELK CAMBRIA CLEARFIELD CAMERON BLAIR CLINTON CENTRE HUNTINGDON MIFFLIN JUNIATA PERRY LYCOMING UNION SNYDER CUMBERLAND DAUPHIN SULLIVAN COLUMBIA MONTOUR NORTH- UMBERLAND WYOMING SCHUYLKILL LEBANON LUZERNE CARBON BERKS LACKAWANNA LEHIGH MONROE PIKE NORTHAMPTON BUCKS MONTGOMERY LANCASTER GREENE FAYETTE SOMERSET BEDFORD FULTON FRANKLIN ADAMS YORK CHESTER DELAWARE PHILADELPHIA West 12,000 sq mi Central 17,000 sq mi East 15,000 sq mi
ERIE CRAWFORD WARREN FOREST McKEAN POTTER CAMERON ELK VENANGO MERCER BEDFORD BLAIR SOMERSET CAMBRIA INDIANA ARMSTRONG BUTLER LAWRENCE BEAVER ALLEGHENY WASHINGTON GREENE FAYETTE WESTMORELAND JEFFERSON CLINTON LYCOMING SULLIVAN TIOGA BRADFORD WAYNE WYOMING PIKE LUZERNE MONROE SCHUYLKILL CARBON LEHIGH COLUMBIA BUCKS BERKS CHESTER LANCASTER MONTGOMERY YORK LEBANON PERRY CUMBERLAND DAUPHIN JUNIATA MIFFLIN UNION SNYDER CENTRE ADAMS FRANKLIN FULTON HUNTINGDON CLEARFIELD CLARION LACKAWANNA MONTOUR NORTH- UMBERLAND NORTHAMPTON PHILADELPHIA DELAWARE SUSQUEHANNA Ortho-imagery Execution 2003 2005 2004 2006 2005 DVRPC (MPO)
ERIE CRAWFORD WARREN FOREST McKEAN POTTER CAMERON ELK VENANGO MERCER BEDFORD BLAIR SOMERSET CAMBRIA INDIANA ARMSTRONG BUTLER LAWRENCE BEAVER ALLEGHENY WASHINGTON GREENE FAYETTE WESTMORELAND JEFFERSON CLINTON LYCOMING SULLIVAN TIOGA BRADFORD WAYNE WYOMING PIKE LUZERNE MONROE SCHUYLKILL CARBON LEHIGH COLUMBIA BUCKS BERKS CHESTER LANCASTER MONTGOMERY YORK LEBANON PERRY CUMBERLAND DAUPHIN JUNIATA MIFFLIN UNION SNYDER CENTRE ADAMS FRANKLIN FULTON HUNTINGDON CLEARFIELD CLARION LACKAWANNA MONTOUR NORTH- UMBERLAND NORTHAMPTON PHILADELPHIA DELAWARE SUSQUEHANNA LiDAR Plan 2008 2006 2007
The PAMAP Program LiDAR 7
Raw Data LiDAR Products LAS with Classifications Organized by tile structure Derived products By tile structure DEM 3.2 foot (1 m) pixel Breaklines from ortho-imagery 3D Shape File Contours 2-foot Interval 3D Shape File 8
Distribution All in the public domain LiDAR beta program 325 users LAS 1916 tiles Breaklines 2422 tiles DEM 3076 tiles Contours 4586 tiles 9
Ortho-Image 10
PAMAP LiDAR 11
PAMAP LiDAR 12
Image & 2-Foot 2 Contours 13
Hill Shade DEM 14
Terrain Multi-resolution TIN 15
Residential Area Ground Points 16
Above-Ground Points 17
LiDAR Reflective Surface PNC Park - Pittsburgh Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 18
LiDAR Basics Is an elevation tool Is indiscriminate Vertical accuracies 15 cm RMSE or greater Low reflectivity in water and new asphalt Target must be visible Not an all weather sensor Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 19
LiDAR Basics Won t penetrate canopy Ability to collect multiple returns 4 Both range (elevation) and intensity Creation of bare earth models LiDAR Attribution Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 20
LiDAR Attribution LAS file contains the following fields for each point: Class Northing Easting Elevation Intensity Flight Line # Time Stamp Echo Number Echo Type Class 1 = Unclassified (default) Class 2 = Ground Class 8 = Model Key (thinned) Class 9 = Hydro Class 12 = Non-Ground Class 15 = Road edges* Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 21
LIDAR Measures Objects From Line of Sight Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 22
LiDAR Multiple Returns FOOTPRINT TOP VIEW ~2 ft ~50 cm 1 st return - canopy Last return - ground 1 st return canopy Last return - ground 23
Multiple Returns in 3D 24
PA Map LiDAR Processing Steps 1. Perform initial classification on LiDAR LAS file: ground vs. non-ground 2. Generate Break Lines 3. Integrate LiDAR Bare Earth and Breakline Data 4. LiDAR data is removed from streets and hydro 5. Further classify and refine LAS file 6. Perform Model Key thinning on Bare Earth and then produce final files 7. Produce TIN and filter with breaklines 8. Produce Contour files and grids 80/20% - Automated/ Budget Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 25
LiDAR Specifications Post spacing 1.4 meters Vertical Accuracy 18.5 cm open areas 37 cm forested/vegetated 26
LiDAR Specifications Classification LiDAR data in LAS format Bare Earth (2) and Model Key (8) Model key for derived products Above Ground (1) and (12) Other classifications 27
Statistics for Sample PAMAP 10,000 x 10,000 tile Raw Data (3GB/hour) LAS File ( 155 MB) 5,675,866 - Total Points 2,392,159 - Bare Earth Points (42%) 349,135 Model Key Points (6%) ASCII File of LAS data (263 MB) LiDAR TIN (372 MB) 2 topographic contour shape file (~29 MB) Break Line shape file (<1 MB) Nov. 9, 2007 BAE Systems Proprietary Information 28
Observed Uses Land development Wind farm placement Floodplain mapping Landslide review Flood control Mining Education Geologic mapping Forest classification Orienteering Conservation Highway design Property management Resource exploration Hydrology 29
Private Industry Motorola Network Services LiDAR and DEM LiDAR building heights Wilkes-Barre Frank Bryan, Inc. Property development Imagery and Contours 30
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Pittsburgh District Flood modeling projects. East Branch dam failure Allegheny R - Kinzua Dam to Pittsburgh Land Management - Clymer Terrain in Google Earth 31
Environmental Mining & Reclamation Longwall Mining subsidence LiDAR replace photogrammetry FEMA Flood Map Modernization 32
ERIE CRAWFORD WARREN FOREST McKEAN POTTER CAMERON ELK VENANGO MERCER BEDFORD BLAIR SOMERSET CAMBRIA INDIANA ARMSTRONG BUTLER LAWRENCE BEAVER ALLEGHENY WASHINGTON GREENE FAYETTE WESTMORELAND JEFFERSON CLINTON LYCOMING SULLIVAN TIOGA BRADFORD WAYNE WYOMING PIKE LUZERNE MONROE SCHUYLKILL CARBON LEHIGH COLUMBIA BUCKS BERKS CHESTER LANCASTER MONTGOMERY YORK LEBANON PERRY CUMBERLAND DAUPHIN JUNIATA MIFFLIN UNION SNYDER CENTRE ADAMS FRANKLIN FULTON HUNTINGDON CLEARFIELD CLARION LACKAWANNA MONTOUR NORTH- UMBERLAND NORTHAMPTON PHILADELPHIA DELAWARE SUSQUEHANNA PennDOT Districts 11 & 12 District 12-0 District 11-0 Other Districts
PennDOT Evaluation of landslides PA Route 130 Road closed by slide about 200 W x 800 L PA Route 28 Rock fall remediation 34
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PennDOT Photogrammetry & Surveys LiDAR breaklines & DEM Producing ortho-imagery Preliminary design 36
Engineering Environmental Planning Geo-Technical Conclusion Corridor Re-Flights 37
Information PAMAP Program www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/pamap 38