IMPACT EVALUATION CONCEPT NOTE Tunisia Turning Theses into Enterprises Prepared by: Rita Almeida (HDNSP) and Rebekka Grun (MNSSP) 1 with extensive support from Luca Etter (MNSSP) and Patrick Premand (HDNSP), and also from Silvia Paruzzolo (Consultant) and Blaise Gonda (Consultant). THE WORLD BANK November 3rd, 2009. 1 Contact ralmeida@worldbank.org and rgrun@worldbank.org. 1
This document proposes an evaluation design for the business plan competition which is a pilot project starting in October 2009 jointly by then Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Higher Education in Tunisia. This document outlays the main components of the proposed impact evaluation for this pilot. It includes some background information on the project, the statistical identification strategy, power calculations and operational procedures for sample selection and proposes an instrument for the baseline data collection. Finally, it also makes some recommendations on staffing, includes a budget and timeframe. The objective of this impact evaluation is to estimate the effect on the labor market outcomes of recent graduates of promoting the development of business plans at the final stages of their undergraduate. Of particular interest will be their labor market integration including their creation of new enterprises. The specific intervention to be evaluated will be the business plan competition. The targeted population consists of all university graduates enrolled in the last year of their License Appliquee during the in the calendar year 2009-1010 (youth aged roughly 21-22). 1. Background Tunisia offers an example of a common problem in the MENA region: low creation of new salaried jobs and, as a consequence, increasing unemployment among youth, women and college graduates. For example, the unemployment rate of higher education graduates, below 5% in 1994, has recently increased to 20%. The unemployment rate is much higher among the recent graduates where it reaches 46% 18 months after graduation and still 33% after three and half years following graduation. Moreover, unemployment spells for first time job seekers are considerably longer than for those who have previously held a job. All these trends are more severe for women than for men. An increasing number of unemployed among first time job seekers are business, economics and finance graduates. In spite of the entrepreneurial content of these courses, recent college graduates rarely become entrepreneurs. Tunisia s recent pepinieres d entreprises 2
incubator program has focused on fostering university spin-offs but has not been able to achieve substantial results. The competition Turning theses into enterprises aims at fostering entrepreneurship among university graduates and thus prevent graduate unemployment. The aim is to promote more and better jobs (at the micro level) and to foster sustainable long run growth (at a macro level). The program rationale lies on the assumption that students will be interested in setting up an enterprise if they have the possibility of receiving external coaching and credit. Moreover, having the possibility to apply to a prestigious competition, offering monetary prizes and coaching, will also create an incentive for students to create their own enterprise. Moreover, under the assumption that there are capital market imperfections, students find it difficult to finance the project. An open question remains whether the competition improves the labor market integration of the participants. 2. Description of the Program The competition will start as a pilot, in the academic year 2009-2010. The project consists of the possibility for students in their final year to write a thesis on an enterprise project (i.e., a detailed business plan) and of submitting it to the business plan competition. The competition is open to students in all universities and subjects studied (covering approx. 20,000 students in the country). Interested students will apply online to the competition (either individually or in groups). The application form (or fiche de candidature) will include a questionnaire about the background of the student and will assess the students entrepreneurial skills. Students that are randomly selected to be part of the competition will have the opportunity to finalize their undergraduate studies with a business plan (as opposed to doing an apprenticeship in a firm or of completing an academic thesis). The treatment will include coaching from an external coach and professors. At the end of the school year (June 3
2010) the students will complete the fully fledged thesis (including a very detailed business plan) for consideration to a jury. The external jury will rank the theses. The top 50 of the winners will receive a prize package which includes a monetary reward, as well as external coaching for the project incubation. Up to 40% of runners up can receive coaching. Some key design features of the program include Eligibility criteria: All graduate students are eligible to apply. Students will be given the opportunity to apply to the competition either individually or in groups of two. If randomly selected, students will be invited to submit more detailed proposals and will be eligible to receive external coaching and classes. Selection of students and process of writing business plan We need a minimum sample of approximately 1,400 projects to apply and form the treatment and the control group. 2 3 Out of these, the group of 700 participating students will be randomly selected. During the academic year, these students will receive feedback from external coaches, professors and will participate in a two week course on enterprise creation and applied research methods provided by ANETI, the Tunisian agency for labor and selfemployment, while writing their thesis (i.e. a fully-fledged business plan). Apart from the support from coaches and university professors, students will receive standardized feedback from the external jury twice during the cycle of writing their business plan. First, a short, structured feedback will be given to them upon submitting a first proposal early in the cycle. And second, at the end of the academic year, the participating students business plans will be submitted to the jury who will evaluate them and select winners. The final business plan will be a detailed project covering a description of the enterprise, a plan for the purchase of the inputs and materials (if applicable) as well as 2 We assume that there will be more than these applications so that in practice randomization will take place in two stages. 3 A maximum of 700 projects in the treatment group (if individuals can pair) and 700 projects in the control group will be selected. Alternatively, 1,400 projects in the treatment group (if individuals do not propose to pair) and 700 individuals in the control). 4
financial projections of its financial viability (with details on estimated costs and sales). The deadline for submitting the final thesis to the competition will be June 2010. The Competition and the Prize Package: Theses will be evaluated and ranked by a grand jury according to public evaluation criteria. The 10 highest ranked theses will receive the first prize. The next 20 highest ranked theses will receive the second prize, and a further 20 the third prize. 4 These theses will receive monetary prizes. 5 After this first tier of theses, there will be a second tier. Together with the thesis in the first tier, theses in the second tier will participate in a lottery for their prize, external technical support from one of the national business incubators, run by the Tunisian Industrial Promotion Agency (API). Thus, the first tier will combine a monetary prize and external coaching, while the second tier will have coaching only, by lottery. The technical assistance will be provided by experienced entrepreneurs. The total number of theses applying to the final competition is uncertain and so is thus the total number of theses who will receive a second tier prize. Evaluation of the proposals: A grand jury is responsible for the evaluation and the selection of the thesis. The proposals might be vetted by the jury who assess their economic, productive and financial viability. The grand jury will be set at the national level. Among others, it will gather representatives from the private sector and experienced entrepreneurs. What can be financed: The monetary prize will be allocated to the project but requires the previous formalization of the enterprise start-up. The students will be responsible for setting up the enterprise with the help of the coaches. The prize will not take the form of cash. Rather, it will be an entitlement held by ANETI that will be versed to the entrepreneur with the credit, as the own portion. The planned timeline for the activities is as follows: 4 Overall, the top 50submitted theses will receive some monetary prize. 5 The small sample size of the winners and the objection from the client to randomize prizes will invalidate that the team evaluates also the effect of receiving credit. 5
Activity Jan-09 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-09 Jun-10 Jul-10 Training: 2 week seminar in business creation First Idea: Submission of Initial Concept Initial Feedback on BP concept Supervision of Professor Coaching Sessions Submission of Business Plan Jury: Evaluation of Business Plan, award winners 3. The Evaluation Question and Outcome Indicators The main objective of the impact evaluation of Turning Theses into Enterprises is twofold. First, understand the profile of students who are interested in becoming entrepreneurs and of setting up an enterprise. Second, understand how important is the technical assistance provided by the access to external coaches, specialized classes and material and, for some, the financial assistance, in the labor market integration of youth interested in setting up an enterprise. Since the randomization will take place following registration for the competition, we will only be able to evaluate the overall treatment package. This question is an important question since graduate unemployment is very large in Tunisia. More broadly, this evaluation will also shed some light on this topic for the MENA region. Additional objectives of this evaluation are to understand: Whether this type of intervention is associated with any social benefits (e.g., stability of relationships, participation in civil society, other social capital). Do participants have a greater sense of inclusion and participation? How do the effects differ by gender? Are women more or less likely than men to be interested in an intervention like this? Is the program more effective for women or men? How different is the effect of the program by other characteristics other than gender (e.g., background subject studied or entrepreneurial type)? Whether the intervention is efficient. Are the economic and social benefits it generates (for participants and the society more generally) greater than the economic 6
costs? If not, what lessons did we learn that could be used to improve the design and implementation of the program? The primary outcome indicators will include Quantitative indicators on the labor market success of those interested in the BP competition: probability of having a job after graduation, type of employment, sector of activity, formal-informal nature of the job and labor earnings in the main activity. 6 For those pursuing self-employment we plan to collect information on the size of the enterprise, activity, profits, ownership status of the enterprise. Profits and productivity levels of businesses will be determined in multiple ways, including data on business assets, variable costs and revenue, along with time spent at the business. Social capital indicators for those interested in the BP competition: participation in social groups (a culturally sensitive selection of mosque/church, neighborhood, community clubs and other groups), forming and stability of relationships (entering engagement or marriage, divorce etc in the period after the intervention. ) Measures of economic outcomes at the household level: employability and earnings of the spouse and other household members, schooling of the children in the household, total household income and consumption. 4. The Evaluation Design The concours will be advertised between September 2009 and end of November 2009 both at the national level and at a more local level. A successful communication campaign is a key success factor to receive a sufficient number of applications. Students can register only online (fiche de candidature) through the website of the Ministry of Higher Education. Applications will be submitted to a centralized database. Because not all students can participate in the pilot phase of this project, a random sample of 6 We will survey the participants at registration (before random selection) through an online survey run by the Ministry of Higher Education. We are planning to have two follow up surveys. First, in October 2010, some months after the end of the school year and also some months following the announcement of the winners for the BP competition. 7
participants will have to be selected by the Ministry of Higher Education. This group will be given the possibility to complete their graduate studies by writing a business plan as opposed to write an academic thesis or making an apprenticeship in a firm. Those selected to become participants will become the treatment group while part of those rejected will be part of the control group. The selection into treatment and control groups will be done by a pure randomization procedure, after stratifying by subject studied (license program), gender and, possibly, entrepreneurial ability. Randomization will be done at the project level (because students will be allowed to pair). Given that the competition will involve some time effort from external coaches and ANETI classes, there will be a natural constraint on the capacity to supervise theses. Therefore, by extracting a random sample among those students who have expressed interest we are therefore limiting the access of the students to treatment in the fairest way possible. We assume that the number of students interested in participating is large enough, so that it will be possible to randomize participation at the project level. In order to minimize this risk, there will be an intense dissemination activity nationwide and locally at the university level. Students interested in finalizing their studies by completing a business plan are not a random sample of the student population. Most likely students with a stronger entrepreneurial ability, organizational capacity and previous related experience in the labor market (possibly related with their parent s experience) will be more willing to apply to the business plan competition. Since these characteristics are also directly related to success in the labor market, both treatment and control groups will be selected from the initial group of interested students (i.e. applicants online). Furthermore, a random sample of students (stratified by subject suited and gender) not interested in applying to the business plan competition will be selected to document and characterize these differences between interested and non-interested students in setting up an enterprise. 7 7 The Ministry of Higher Education keeps an updated list of all the students, where each student is identified by an ID number. With this listing we hope to be able to identify, among the sample frame of all students in the country, the group of interested students. The sample frame for the group of non-interested students will be taken out of this listing. 8
5. Sampling The sample frame for treatment and control groups contains registrations of all the project applications (maximum of two students per project). Out of this sample frame, we draw a random sample of treatment and comparison groups of projects. This randomization will ensure that the distribution of both observables and unobservable characteristics of potential program participants is independent of the actions and the program participation of the individuals. Assuming a power of 80% and significance of 5%, correlation of zero, the power calculations show that we will need approx. 700 projects in treatment (or at most 1,400 students assuming that all will pair) and 700 projects in the control in order to obtain a minimum effect of 0.15. Assuming an effect of 0.15 seems reasonable because it implies an effect of the program on the rate of unemployment of 7.4 percentage points (or approximately 16%). With these assumptions, we will be able to reject that the effect of the program is zero if, in fact, it reduces unemployment in 7.4 percentage points or more. Therefore, to be on the safe side, we consider a minimal effect of 0.15 and a total of 1,400 projects in the treatment and control groups. The final sample will have 700 treated projects and 700 in the control. 8 Because students are allowed to form pairs, it will be mandatory that both applicants for a same project submit an online application form. In order to guarantee that the sample is balanced and that we can analyze the effects of the program by different dimensions, we will stratify the sample by gender and by subject studied. In practice, this implies randomizing the participant project within different gender/subject studied cells. 8 In case the number of students interested in the competition is much smaller, the team will consider an effect size of 0.2 which would lead to an effect of the program on the rate of unemployment of 10.0 percentage points (or approximately 22%). With these assumptions, we will only be able to reject that the effect of the program is zero if, in fact, it reduces unemployment by 10 percentage points or more. Under these assumptions we will need 400 projects in the treatment and in the control groups. 9
In operational terms, we will select randomly at least 1,680 applications (1400 plus 20% of attrition) from the sample frame of online registries. Half will become treatment and half will become control projects (840 projects within each group). Then the sample will be broken into a discrete set of groups (total to be determined depending on the total number of subjects studied): 9 The randomization will then proceed within each of these cells. Recall that the treatment group, randomly selected in the first round to participate in the business plan competition, will later be invited to submit a fully detailed business thesis to the competition. The thesis submitted to the competition will be evaluated and ranked by a grand jury according to public evaluation criteria. The best 10 theses will receive the first prize. The next 20 highest ranked theses will get the second monetary prize, and a further 20 the third prize. After the monetary prizes, a further 20% of runner ups will participate in a lottery for external technical assistance on enterprise creation by API (Tunisian Industrial Promotion Agency). Given that only 50 projects will receive a monetary prize, we refrain from evaluating its impact with any statistical significance. 10 In sum, we believe that a sample size close to 1,680 projects (or approximately 3,360 interested students assuming that all projects submitted come from paired students) would translate into a good balance between survey costs and the power of the statistical test. This translates into 840 treatment projects or 1,680 students who will participate in the business plan competition. (including 20% attrition over 1400) To identify how the sample of interested students differs from the ones that are not interested we also plan to collect a random sample of 400 non-interested students in the country. This sample will be a random sample of the population that did not express interest in the competition, stratified by gender and subject studied. This sample will be 9 The gender breakdown will include three groups: women, men and mixed projects. The 196 licence appliqué programs from which students can apply to the concours will be broken down in approx. 6 groups to ensure equal representation in the treatment group: Economics and Management, Law, Natural Sciences, Technical Degrees (Mechanics etc.), Arts and Languages, Information Technology Studies, 10 Depending on the size of the 20% runners up, (of whom half will randomly receive a pepiniere place), the impact of access to a pepiniere place might be attempted. 10
randomized and thus representative of this population. Some of these individuals will not be interested in the competition because they have not been exposed to the dissemination campaign while some will be exposed and not interested in applying. The survey will collect this information, which will allow the team to track also the effectiveness of the dissemination campaign. To accommodate the non-response rate and attrition in the follow up work, we assume that we need 20% more applications. Thus, overall we will be targeting a sample of approximately 3760 students (3360 + 400), of which 3360 will be for the online applications (lower possible bound for the number of submitted applications online). 6. Survey Instruments The online application will be the baseline survey. From this sample frame, we expect to select 3,360 students corresponding to the scenario where all the students apply in pairs. The ministry of higher education must ensure that whenever applicants apply in pairs the fiche de candidature regarding the two participants is effectively submitted by both applicants. After the information is collected the ministry of higher education will conduct the randomization in close coordination with the evaluation team. The pre-testing of the baseline questionnaire (attached in the annex) will be responsibility of the ministry of higher education and ministry of employment. It will take place until the end of September 2009 so that there is time for corrections. Clarity and sequencing of the questions as well as ID information on the participants should be thoroughly checked. The contact information provided in this baseline will be used as tracking information throughout the evaluation and thus must be pre-tested extensively. The survey has been translated into Arabic and versions in both languages must be pre-tested. 11
Simultaneously 11, a field survey of approximately 400 students will be targeted to those students who did not express interest in the business plan. As stated above, the main objective of this questionnaire is to understand how the sample of interested students in the competition differs, especially regarding to motivation, experience and parental education. The questionnaire will be exactly the same as the fiche de candidature but excluding those items related with the project. The survey will be implemented by an outside agency. The agency will be responsible for hiring and training of the enumerators. Some guidelines based on the Bank related experience include the following: Enumerators should be recruited taking into account that the population will be students (young and dynamic). Enumerators should have some training on the questionnaire at least one week prior to the field work (scheduled for January 2010) with a member of the team. Results should be examined in detail. Pre-testing of the questionnaire is an ideal training opportunity. Recruitment should be conducted as early as possible in order to allow enumerators to participate in this process. 7. Timeline of the Impact Evaluation The timeline of the evaluation is estimated as follows: 11 The survey of non-applicants will be conducted after the deadline for application has passed, in December 2010. This will guarantee that none of the participants in this survey will change their mind about participating and thus affect the sample. 12
Activity Dissemination Enrollment MiniBaseline Randomization Treatment Start business Interim Follow Up Full Follow up Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Jun-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Jun-11 Jun-12 Student activity Support activity The communication campaign for the business plan competition will take place in September 09. This is followed by the student applications to the competition, which will take place between early October and end of November 2009. The application will consist of a mini baseline survey (attached) also called fiche de candidature. 12 This will be the application form to the business plan competition. Collecting several of the individual and household characteristics is important to ensure that the group of treated students has actually been randomly selected with respect to the characteristics that will be linked to the labor market performance of the participants. During December 2009, the randomization of the applications will be done. Between January 2010 and June 2010 the selected students (winners) will develop the business plans and receive the treatment (classes and coaching). By July 2010, the students will have graduated and the results of the final business plan competition disclosed. In practice all interested students could now start their own business. We plan two follow up surveys. One in October/November 2010 with the main objective of tracking the students, collecting information on the quality of the treatment received, inquiring about the labor market plans and, when applicable, the main obstacles faced for setting up the enterprise planned in the thesis. In particular, the survey will collect information on (1) project characteristics (treatment and control); (2) plans to advance 12 The fiche the candidature will be completed online by the applicants (sample frame for treatment and control). This instrument includes information on (i) individual and household characteristics (e.g., education, labor market history and experience, labor force participation, income), (ii) industry in which student(s) plan to establish their business plan (iii) information on whether thesis will be written alone, or with a partner; if the latter, unique identifier of the partner, (iv) basic information about academic merit. 13
with the enterprise creation for the control group; (3) main obstacles expected for the enterprise creation (treatment and control); (4) support needed to complete any business plans (control group). This survey will also collect, for those in the treatment group, information on the quality/quantity of the inputs received including characteristics of the support from the external coaches and the inputs acquired with the credit received in the prizes (for the subset of the winners). At least one full blown follow-up survey, more focused on the labor market outcomes of the treatment and control group is planned for June 2011 and another possibly for June 2012. Their main objective of this second survey will be to quantify whether this type of intervention is a sustainable and viable in the medium term strategy to address youth unemployment in the country. However, the budget reported in the appendix only includes the first full follow up survey. 8. Staffing 8.1 Evaluation Staff To ensure smooth implementation of the surveys, the following evaluation staffing is recommended: For the baseline online survey: Counterpart for the monitoring of the online applications (MsRim, ministry of Higher Education), counterpart for the monitoring of the applications (Mr. Mehdi Barouni, Ministry of Employment) and a specialist in sampling for the randomization. For the paper survey for the students not interested in the competition an outside agency is recommended. The agency will be responsible for hiring and training of the enumerators, implementing the survey and collecting and cleaning the data. This agency will also work in collaboration with the team for the baseline online survey to ensure comparability of the information. 14
An international evaluation consultant will be needed for the following roles and responsibilities: Supervision of the data collection in the baseline surveys, including the randomization process Work with evaluation team in the development and implementation of interim survey to be on the field in October/November 2010. Design and development of all data collection instruments Advising on survey implementation, including enumerator hiring and training, respondent interview and tracking protocols, etc. Assisting the evaluation team in coordinating and communicating with stakeholders and the needed mobilization of the youth. Assisting the data collection agency in implementation, including enumerator hiring and training, respondent interview and tracking protocols, etc. 8.2 Survey Staff An outside agency (strong expertise in statistics and survey work) will be hired to conduct the paper/phone interviews in the interim and full blown follow up surveys. The outside agency will work closely with the international consultant. 9. Budget Please see excel file attached. 15
Annex 1. Application Form (Fiche de Candidature) I- Identification du candidat الثعريف بالمثرشح -I A Université :..................................... A الجبيعج:........................................................................................... B Etablissement :......................................................................................................................................... الجبيعج:..................................................................................... B C -اخخضبص اهشهبدث :....................... C Licence :............................................................................................................. :........... D- Numéro de la Carte d identité Nationale ركى تطبكج اهخعر ف اهوط ج -D E- Nom et prénom :.......................................................................... : واهولة -االشى E F - Travaillez-vous en binôme? 1 - Oui 2 - Non Passer à la question N 1.1........................................................................ F G Si vous travaillez en binôme, veuillez indiquer le numéro de la Carte d identité Nationale de votre binôme ne emônib ertov ed mon el reuqidni zelliuev - H : serttel setuot. G كى تطبكج اهخعر ف اهوط ج? ebara ne H 16
sel, tnevius iuq seitrap sel snad ertê tneviod seédnamed snoitamrofni tnod ennosrep al rap tnemeuqinu seilpmer séngiesner tnos mon el te étitnedi d etrac al.e te D noitseuq al à? ebara ne 17
II- Informations sur le candidat -II الثعريف بالمثرشح 1- Sexe : 1 - Homme 2 - Femme 1- اهج س - 1 ذنر - 2 أ ذي -2 خبر خ اهوالدث (ت اه وى واهشهر واهش ج( 2- Date de naissance (préciser le jour, mois et année) J J M M A A 3- Etat civil 1 - Célibataire 2 - Marié 3 - Divorcé 4- Lieu de résidence actuel (durant l année universitaire) Gouvernorat:........................................ Délégation:......................................... Rue et Numéro (repère si nécessaire) :......................................... Passer à la question N 6 si votre lieu de résidence actuel (durant l année universitaire) est aussi votre lieu de residence permanent 3- اهحبهج اهيد ج أعزة يخزور يطوق - 1-2 - 3 4- ينب اإلكبيج اهوال ج :............................... اهيعخيد ج :............................. :......................................... Vérifier si cela correspond à la manière dont vous avez pu suivre les étudiants dans le Graduate Tracer Survey.. (de vos parents). 5- Lieu de résidence permanent (de vos parents) Gouvernorat:........................................ Délégation:......................................... Rue et Numéro (repère si nécessaire) :......................................... 5- ينب اإلكبيج اهوال ج :............................... اهيعخيد ج :............................. :.......................................... 18
6- Numéro de téléphone Fixe : GSM : 7- Indiquez votre moyenne de l année dernière (L2) Y a-t-il une note moyenne sur les 2 semestres? Est-ce plus facile à se souvenir par semestre? 6- ركى اههبخف اهلبر: اهيحيول: 7- أذنر اهيعدل اهذ حضوح عو ه اهش ج اهفبرطج 20/ 8- Indiquez votre note la plus basse de l année dernière, quelle que soit la matière (L2) 8- أذنر اهيعدل اهذ حضوح عو ه اهش ج اهفبرطج 20/ 9- Indiquez votre note la plus haute de l année dernière, quelle que soit la matière (L2) 9- أذنر اهيعدل اهذ حضوح عو ه اهش ج اهفبرطج 20/ 10- Indiquez votre note obtenue à l Unité Transversale de cours d entrepreneuriat (L2) /20 10- أذنر اهيعدل اهذ حضوح عو ه اهش ج اهفبرطج ec ed tcaxe élutitni l,tcaxe mon el reifirév )? RAMMA.M( tairuenerpertne d sruoc 11 - Classez votre niveau dans les langues suivantes sur une échelle de 1 à 5 (1= Notions, 2 = Scolaire, 3= Lu, Arabe Français عربية فرنسية 11 حدد يشخوام ف اهوغبح اهخبه ج عوي شوى ي 1 إهي :5 =1( ضطح =2 يدرش =3 يخوشط =4 ج د écrit, parlé, 4 = Courant, 5 = Bilingue) انقلزية Anglais 5= طالكج( III- A propos du projet de plan d affaire اإلجثماعية والثقافية IIIالمعطيات - 12 - Avez-vous déjà une idée de projet? 1 - Oui 2 Non Passer à la question N 14. - 12 هل هم يي خعرفهى كد تعد يشروعه اهخبص 1 عى 2 ال 19
? ebara ne 13- Quel est le secteur principal dans lequel vous comptez lancer votre projet? 1 - Agriculture et Pêche 2 - Industrie manufacturières Mines et énergie 3 - Bâtiment et construction 4 - Transport et Commerce 5 - Information et communication 6 - Activités financières et assurance 7 - Activités immobilières 8 - Service aux entreprises 9 - Santé et Services collectifs 10 - Autre service 11 - Je ne sais pas encore uo érénumér( liavart nu éutceffe àjéd suov-zeva - 14 ) non? 1 - Oui 2 - Non, jamais Passer à la question N 18. 13- أ كطبع أ كطبع خ و تعد يشروعم اهخبص 1 فالحت وص ذ بحر انصناعاث انتحو ه ت واإلستخراج ت و انطاقت 2-3 انبناء انتجارة واننقم اتصاالث واألنشطت انمعهومات ت أنشطت انمان ت وانتأم ن أنشطت عقار ت 4 5 6 7 8 خذماث مقذة نهمؤسساث انصحت وانعمم اإلجتماع 9 10 خذماث أخرى 11 نم أحذد بعذ - 14 هل هم يي خعرفهى كد تعد يشروعه اهخبص 1 عى 2 ال? ebara ne? liavart reimerp ertov ed srol suov-zeiva egâ leuq - 15? ebara ne - 15 no,siolpme srueisulp is( iolpme d epyt el tiaté leuq - 16? )sulp el érud a iuq iulec à esserétni s 1 - Salarié 2 Aide familial 3 A votre propre compte (indépendant) 4 Activité saisonnière? ebara ne - 16 iolpme l ed )evitamixorppa( eérud al tse elleuq - 17? siom ne,etnedécérp noitseuq al à énnoitnem? ebara ne - 17 20
ا? ا? ا? suov essiup iuq euqitarp ecneirépxe enu suov-zeva - 18? tejorp ertov recnal à redia 1 - Oui? ebara ne 18 2 Non 19- Avez quelqu un de votre entourage qui a lancé sa propre entreprise? 1 - Oui 2 Non Passer à la question N 21. 19- هل هم يي خعرفهى كد تعد يشروعه اهخبص 1 عى 2 ل ebara ne 20- Si oui, est-ce que vous avez aidé ou travaillé avec cette personne dans cette entreprise? 1 Oui Raison N 1 2 Non 21 Donnez par ordre décroissant d importance les 2 raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez lancer un projet? 1 Concrétiser votre idée de projet 2 Tradition familiale 3 Avoir plus de flexibilité 4 Vous croyez qu il n y a pas un emploi salarié 5 Acquérir une expérience pour avoir un emploi salarié plus tard? seuqsir sed erdnerp à têrp suov-sete - 22 1 - Oui 2 - Non? liavart ed epiuqé enu ésivrepus àjéd suov-zeva - 23 1 - Oui 2 Non : suov-zeréférp ellennoisseforp noitautis elleuq - 24 Raison N 1 : Raison N 2 : 20 إذا عى هل شتق أ شبعدخه أو اشخغوح يعه ف هذا اهيشروع 1 عى 2 ال 21 -إذا عى هيبذا بهورة فكرة مشروعك انخاص اتباع رغباث انعائهت 1 2 3 نهحصول عهي مرونت أكثر - 4 نقهت توفر شغم مؤجر اكتساب خبرة نهحصول عهي شغم مؤجر 5 ebara ne- 22 ebara ne - 23 sitnarag siom rap DNT 1000 riovecrep 1 uo ne- 24 ebara ا? 21
ا? ed siom rap DNT 1500 te DNT 500 ertne riovecrep 2 ertov ed etissuér al ed noitcnof ne elbairav erèinam liavart retroppa suov elle-tuep ellimaf ertov,eriassecén is - 25? erèicnanif étirucés enu 1 - Oui 2 Non ebara ne - 25 IV- Antécédent socioéconomique -IV المعطيات اإلجثماعية والثقافية 26 يب هو عدد أفراد أشرخم 26- Quel est le nombre de personnes dans votre famille 27- Quel est le niveau d instruction de votre père? 1 - Inférieur ou égal au primaire 2 - Secondaire 3 - Supérieur 28- Quelle est ou quelle était la situation professionnelle de votre père? 1 - Travaille en tant que salarié 2 - Travaille en tant qu'indépendant 3 - En retraite (anciennement personne active) 4 - En chômage 5 - Inactif 27 -يب هو اهيشخوى اهدراش ألت م اتخدائ أو أكل ذب و -1-2 3- عبه 28 -يب ه اهوضع ج اهيه ج اهحبه ج أو األخ رث ألت م شخغل نأج ر شخغل نيشخلل يخلبعد تحد ع شغل -1-2 -3-4 22
29- Quel est le niveau d instruction de votre mère? 1 - Inférieur ou égal au primaire 2 - Secondaire 3 - Supérieur 30- Quelle est ou quelle était la situation professionnelle de votre mère? 1 - Travaille en tant que salariée 2 - Travaille en tant qu'indépendante 3 - En retraite (anciennement personne active) 4 - En chômage 5 - Inactive 31- Quel est le revenu mensuel de votre famille 1 Moins de 300 DT 2 - Entre 301 et 500 DT 3 Entre 501 et 800 DT 4 Entre 801 et 1000 DT 5 Plus que 1000 DT 29 -يب هو اهيشخوى اهخعو ي أليم تخدائ أو أكل ذب و -1-2 3- عبه 30 -يب ه اهوضع ج اهيه ج اهحبه ج أو األخ رث أليم شخغل نأج رث ح- خشخغل نيشخلوج يخلبعدث ختحد ع شغل 1-2 -3-4 31 يبهو اهدخل اهشهر ألشرخم 1- أكل ي 300 د بر 2- ي 301 إهي 500 د بر 3- ي 501 إهي 800 د بر 4- ي 801 إهي 1000 د بر 5 أنذر ي 1000 د بر 23