IDAHO S JUSTICE REINVESTMENT INITIATIVE Lessons learned becoming a JRI state FIFTH ANNUAL INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS RESEARCH NETWORK (ICRN)/ NATIONAL CORRECTIONS REPORTING PROGRAM (NCRP) THURSDAY MAY 12, 2016 Janeena Wing Evaluation and Compliance Supervisor Idaho Department of Correction
AGENDA OVERVIEW: Agency overview Challenges requiring intervention Strategies developed Implementation JRI metrics Required reports Impact of JRI
AGENCY OVERVIEW 9 State Prisons 7 Judicial Districts 23 Satellite offices (P&P) 3 Community Release Centers 1 Central Office 1 Central Office annex = 44 Facilities/Work Units Approx. 2,000 staff Approx. 8,000 inmates Approx. 15,000 probationers/parolees Rider = retained jurisdiction for up to 180 days for probationer Termer = incarceration within prison and released to parole
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 600 CHALLENGES: 500 400 300 200 100 Idaho Utah Montana Wyoming Washington Colorado Oregon Nevada 0 Idaho has one of the lowest crime rates in the United States (3 rd ) but has the 10 th highest incarceration rate in the U.S.
COUNCIL FOR STATE GOVERNMENTS Documented three key areas behind Idaho s growth. supervision and diversion programs were not reducing recidivism; the prison population was composed primarily of community supervised offenders who had revoked, people sentenced to a Rider, and offenders who were parole eligible but had not been released; and the state lacked a system to track outcomes, measure quality and assure the reliability of recidivism-reduction strategies.
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES Enhance supervision practices and programs; Tailoring parole sanctions and parole decision making Assessing and tracking recidivism-reduction strategies. Strengthen Supervision Track Effectiveness Prison Beds for High Risk
ENHANCING SUPERVISION PRACTICES Respond to supervision violations with swiftness and certainty Violation matrix
ENHANCING SUPERVISION PRACTICES Train PPO s in evidence-based strategies to change offender behavior. Motivational interviewing and LSI Goal of 50 moderate and high risk offenders per caseload. Limited supervision unit community-based evidence based treatment and programming Improve the management of victim restitution 52.0 50.0 48.0 46.0 44.0 42.0 40.0 Chart 3. Percent of PPO caseloads with over 50 moderate to high risk offenders: 2014-2015 50.6% 44.7% 2014 2015 Year
WEB BASED OFFENDER REPORTING (WBOR) Key tool for Limited Supervision Unit
Caseload Size LIMITED SUPERVISION UNIT (LSU) 1,800 1,600 1,592 1,400 1,200 1,384 1,000 1,037 800 804 600 400 406 442 200 0 Jul-14 Aug- 14 Sep- 14 Oct- 14 Nov- 14 Dec- 14 Jan-15 Feb- 15 Mar- 15 Apr- 15 May- 15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug- 15 Sep- 15 Oct- 15 Nov- 15 Dec- 15 Jan-16 Feb- 16 Mar- 16 Month Many more could be added based on low-risk criteria. Expected to increase to over 3,000.
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS Tailor confinement responses for probation and parole violations Provide judges with recidivism outcome data for various sentencing options Use risk-assessment to inform the parole decision-making process Reserve prison space for individuals convicted of violent offenses by regulating the percent of time above minimum sentence that people convicted of non-violent offenses may serve
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS 90/180 DAY SANCTIONS A first time technical violation results in a sanction of up to 90 days and a second technical violation results in a sanction of up to 180 days. The 90/180 day sanction should only be applied to violations that do not include a new felony or violent misdemeanor. Use of the 90/180 day sanctions began in September, 2015, and have gradually increased each month. 250 200 150 100 50 0 Chart 4. 90 and 180 day parole sanctions: 2015 Nov Dec Jan 90 day 180 day Revision to the statute had to be made concerning what a technical violation constitutes.
TAILORING PAROLE SANCTIONS PAROLE GUIDELINE SCORING Commission is granting at 75% and conforms to the guidelines 64% of the time. 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Score based on highest of three possible risk assessments (LSI-R, VRAG or Static-99) Violent Disciplinary actions Completed programming 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Jan-15 Mar-15 May-15 Jul-15 Sep-15 Nov-15 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% RESERVE PRISON SPACE FOR VIOLENT OFFENDERS PROPERTY AND DRUG FIRST TIME PAROLE RELEASES PRIOR TO 150% OF FIXED Timely Release Linear (Timely Release) The majority (between 67% and 83%) of first time parole releases for property and drug crimes are prior to 150% of the fixed portion of the sentence.
TRACKING RECIDIVISM REDUCTION Establish an oversight committee to measure and assess policy impacts Require that risk and needs assessments be routinely reviewed for quality Increase the capacity of state agencies to collect and analyze data in order to reduce inefficiencies and cut costs Evaluate the quality of programs and use results to improve outcomes
IMPLEMENTATION Phase I data gathering Phase II implementation Agencies under change Communication is critical Knowing the change is for the greater good kept employee morale up
TRACKING SPREADSHEET Monthly counts of total population for both community and incarcerated (including parole violators, termers and riders), Admissions and releases, Limited supervision unit, Early discharges, graduated sanctions, 150% releases, Problem solving court, PPO caseloads, Restitution
POPULATION TRENDS: INCARCERATED POPULATION 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Parole Violator Rider Term Population is 360 below the 3 year monthly average.
Jul-12 Sep-12 Nov-12 Jan-13 Mar-13 May-13 Jul-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Jan-14 Mar-14 May-14 Jul-14 Sep-14 Nov-14 Jan-15 Mar-15 May-15 Jul-15 Sep-15 Nov-15 Jan-16 POPULATION TRENDS: COMMUNITY SUPERVISED POPULATION 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 LSU Parole LSU Probation Parole Probation 2,000 0 Population is up 1,366 from three year monthly average.
ASSESSING AND TRACKING CHANGE: REPORTING REQUIREMENTS SB 1357 changed IDOC reporting requirements Program Evaluation Report (bi-annually) Community Gap Analysis (annually) Timely Release Report (annually) JRI Impact Report (annually) Recidivism Rates for PSI by Risk Level https://www.idoc.idaho.gov/content/about_us/research_statisti cs
JUSTICE PROGRAM ASSESSMENT Discontinue Therapeutic Communities. From 12 to 5 programs Cincinnati Substance Abuse Program. Sex offender program. Thinking for a Change. Anger Replacement Training. Advance Skills Practice.
REPORTS PROGRAM EVALUATION REPORT Describes state funded recidivism reduction programs and includes an evaluation of the quality of each program, the program s likelihood to reduce recidivism among program participants, plan for program improvements from the Board of Correction. CSG provided the Justice Program Assessment (JPA) to help with this process.
REPORTS ANNUAL COMMUNITY GAP ANALYSIS Joint report between Health and Welfare and IDOC Describes: 1) criminogenic needs of active population of probationers and parolees 2) Current funding available to deliver effective, evidencebased programming to address those needs 3) gap in funding to meet the needs of all moderate and high-risk probationers and parolees..
COMMUNITY GAP ANALYSIS Outsourced to Western Findings: 50.2% of community supervised population is moderate to high risk to recidivate, with LSI-R score of 24 or above. 99.0% (or 9,258) of moderate to high risk offenders may need criminal thinking programming. 78.6% (or 7,281) may need substance use treatment Between 50% to 65% of offenders with moderate/high mental health distress may need treatment but are not receiving it. Gap of $15,225,837 for substance abuse and mental health treatment exists
REPORTS ANNUAL TIMELY RELEASE REPORT Joint report between IDOC and Idaho Commission of Pardons and Parole Describes percentage of people sentenced to a term in prison for property or drug offense convictions who are released before serving one hundred and fifty percent of the fixed portion of the sentence and documents the most common reasons for delayed release. 70.6% (794 offenders) released prior to 150% of fixed. 40.8% (135 offenders) were parole eligible upon arrival or parole eligible within six months. 30.0% (98 offenders) were delayed from entry into programming, program refusal, or program failure. 16.6% (55 offenders) were previously denied parole due to risk of re-offense, prior criminal history, or institutional behavior.
REPORTS ANNUAL JRI IMPACT REPORT Describes the amount of savings generated and prison population impact under the policy framework of SB1357.
IDAHO S PROJECTED PRISON POPULATION OUTCOMES 10000 9000 8000 9,408 8,724 8,237 3.5% drop in prison population compared to baseline of 8,160 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 7,871 Actual Population as of Dec. 31, 2015 Actual JRI (CSG) Projection Original IDOC Projection Averted savings of $14,937,959 from JRI projection and $16,119,864 from IDOC projection based on bed savings of $59.91 per day over 1.5 years. 2000 1000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
COST AVOIDANCE BASED ON LSU Without the LSU caseload, the average caseload size would grow from 69 to 80 per PPO. The regular PPO budget per offender managed is about $4.34 per day, compared to an average of about $.41 per day over the past year and a half for the LSU caseload. The estimated costs avoided from having an average of 750 offenders managed on the LSU caseload rather than on a regular PPO caseload is approximately $1,605,301 over the past year and a half. Average (2014-2015) Costs Ave total on probation/parole 14,099 $ 33,348,365 Ave. without LSU 13,349 - $ 31,574,390 Amount not spent 750 =$1,773,975 Budget for LSU for 1.5 years -$168.674 Costs Avoided $1,605,301 The costs include salary for full time positions and other miscellaneous expenses.
JRI PC AGENCY IMPACT Temporary reduction in revocation hearings by Commission Releases to parole have doubled since last year Improvement in quality of Commission data
RECIDIVISM RATE BY LSI AND SENTENCE TYPE Provide judges with recidivism outcome data for various sentencing options. The risk to recidivate is greatest for offenders with high LSI scores. Nearly three quarters (71.3%) of offenders sentenced directly to term with LSI scores greater than 30 recidivated within three years of release from prison. 80 60 40 20 0 Chart 5. Recidivism Rate by LSI and Sentence Type 68.3 Probationer 50.7 Probationer from Rider 71.3 Directly to Term Low (0-15) Moderate (16-30) High (31+)
BUDGET HIGHLIGHTS Net current year General Fund Rescission of $1,260,100! (Next year is looking good too) Closed Unit 24: temporary beds that should not have been used long term Brought back inmates from other states