LITHUANIAN DEFENCE SYSTEM: Facts and Trends 2018
DETERMINATION TO DEFEND 2% OF GDP IN 2018 and further increase of defence expenditures Intensive MODERNISATION of the Lithuanian Armed Forces (infantry fighting vehicles, self-propelled howitzers, surface to air missile systems) Number of MILITARY PERSONNEL in 2017: + 43% increase since 2014 Lithuania reconstituted CONSCRIPTION in 2015 Most modern URBAN WARFARE training facility in the Baltic region 1st among Allies to conduct large scale PUBLIC EDUCATION CAMPAIGN ABOUT PROPAGANDA. CYBER SECURITY REFORM, consolidating all national cyber responsibilities under leadership of the Ministry of National Defence 2
Budget RAPID GROWTH OF DEFENCE EXPENDITURES 1200,0 1000,0 800,0 600,0 400,0 200,0 0,0 1,8 1,5 1,1 0.9 0.8 574,6 723,8 267,3 321,8 424,9 +20% +32% 2,1 2,0 2,0 891,4 952,3 1011,7 +35% +26% +23% +7% +6% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020-2,0-1,6-1,2-0,8-0,4-0,0 EUR mln GDP % On 17 January 2017 Lithuanian Parliament adopted the new National Security Strategy and committed to allocate 2% of GDP in 2018 and to steadily increase defence expenditures further on. On 10 September 2018 the majority of Lithuanian parliamentary parties signed an Agreement on the guidelines for Lithuanian defence policy and committed to allocate at least 2,5% of GDP in 2030 to defence expenditures. 3
BREAKDOWN OF DEFENCE EXPENDITURES IN 2018 42% 21% Personnel Equipment Operations and Maintenance 5% Infrastructure 3% Other 29% 4
Expanding capabilities of the Lithuanian Armed Forces Second Infantry Brigade Žemaitija since 2017. Further development of Infantry Brigades by creating new units. Focus on greater alignment between peace-time and war-time LAF structures. Mechanized Infantry Brigade Iron Wolf Motorised Infantry Brigade Žemaitija 6 National Defence Volunteer Force units Infantry Brigade Aukštaitija from institutional units and reserve Peacetime Wartime Land Force development is a priority for Lithuania. 5
NATIONAL RAPID REACTION FORCE > Established in 2014. > Two battalion-sized battle groups are ready to act in 2 24 hours. > Could be used to respond to hybrid threats in peacetime upon the decision of the President. > Annual large scale live exercises using unconventional scenario with civilian institutions. 6
MAIN MODERNIZATION PROJECTS 2016 2021 Infantry fighting vehicle BOXER-VILKAS Two infantry battalions } Greater mobility, force protection and firepower 2016 2019 Self-propelled PZH2000 Howitzers One artillery battalion } Efficient fire support 2017 2020 Norwegian US advanced } surface to air missile system NASAMS Robust and proven air defence system About EUR 1.7 billion planned for modernisation of the Lithuanian Armed Forces in 2018 2023. 7
INCREASING MILITARY PERSONNEL 9702 Professional soldiers 4977 National Defence Volunteer Force (Homeguard) 3864 Conscripts (3900 in 2019) Data as of July 2018 Conscripts { A pool for professional service and Homeguard Manning of operational units A pool for reserve forces Closer link between military and society The number of military personnel has grown significantly since 2009: 12 450 2014 17 801 +43% +13% 2017 20 073 2019 Lithuania reintroduced conscription in 2015. 30% of conscripts joined the professional service in 2017. 8
IMPROVEMENT OF TRAINING FACILITIES New and modern Urban Warfare Training Facility for national and international combat training, first such centre in the Baltic region, opened 2016 in Pabradė. PABRADĖ TRAINING AREA 85 km 2 (33 mi 2 ) 176 km 2 (68 mi 2 ) } Training of a battalion-sized battle group (up to 1200 soldiers) GAIŽIŪNAI TRAINING AREA 52 km 2 (20 mi 2 ) 125 km 2 (48 mi 2 ) } Training up to battalion level modernisation of Kazlų Rūda, Rokai and Kairiai training areas Doubling the size of training areas. Better training facilities for the national forces and our Allies. Possibility to train a battalion using Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES). 9
Port of Klaipėda Klaipėda Kairiai TA Šiauliai Air Base NATO Baltic Air Policing Mission since 2004 Šiauliai Linkaičiai Panevėžys Kazlų Rūda TA Gaižiūnai TA Rokai TA Kaunas European standard gauge railway Facilities for NATO Enhanced Forward Presence Battalion Group since 2017 Pabradė TA Alytus Vilnius Planned facilities for NATO Very High Readiness Joint Task Force TA training area planned railway connection from Kaunas to Riga & Tallinn completed section of the Rail Baltica standard gauge line railway transfer point for military heavy equipment planned new storage facilities 10
Lithuanian Support for NATO s Enhanced Forward Presence LITHUANIA PROVIDES Morale, Welfare and Recreation package Accommodation in military barracks or field camps Force protection Access to and use of training ranges/ facilities Fire protection Transportation and movement assistance & coordination 11
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Commitment to International Security: PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING MISSIONS NATO Operation KFOR in Kosovo US-led Joint Multinational Training Group and Lithuanian Training Operation in Ukraine EU Operation Sophia US-led Coalition Inherent Resolve in Iraq NATO Training Mission Resolute Support in Afghanistan EU Counter-piracy Operation Atalanta EU and UN Missions in Mali EU Training Mission in Central African Republic 13
SUPPORT TO UKRAINE Areas of support > Lithuania, together with the US, UK, Canada, Poland, other allies and partners, supports Ukraine s defence reforms aimed at adopting NATO standards and achieving interoperability with NATO. > Lithuanian Armed Forces military adviser has been coordinating international assistance to the reform of the Ukrainian Armed Forces NCO corps since mid-2016. > Lithuanian military advisers have been directly involved in setting up and further developing SOF within the Ukrainian Armed Forces. > The common Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade is a regional military cooperation project and a practical instrument to support transformation of the Ukrainian military. > Lithuanian Embassy in Ukraine has carried out the role of the NATO Contact Point Embassy during 2015-2018. > Lithuanian military instructors in Ukraine are part of the US-led Joint Multinational Training Group and Lithuania s Military Training Operation, which started on 1 July 2017. Numbers > Lithuanian Armed Forces instructors with the US and UK counterparts have trained 10 battalions of the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 2015-2017. > Humanitarian and other material assistance for the Ukrainian Armed Forces has reached close to 1.9 mln. EUR in 2014 2017. > Lithuania provided medical rehabilitation for 181 wounded Ukrainian soldiers during 2014 2017. > The Parliamentary mandate for 2018-2019 has authorised deployment of up to 60 Lithuanian instructors to Ukraine at any given time. 14
Enhancing Society Resilience GROWING IMPORTANCE OF THE LITHUANIAN RIFLEMEN S UNION Lithuanian Riflemen s Union is a paramilitary organisation promoting patriotic education and civil resistance. Lithuanian Riflemen s Union s budget has grown more than 2,7 times from 2014 to 2018. Number of riflemen has increased +45% from 2013 to March 2018. Closer cooperation in training with National Defence Volunteer Force (Homeguard). 15
STRONG PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE LITHUANIAN ARMED FORCES AND NATO 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 supports the presence of NATO troops in Lithuania (Data as of December 2017) trusts the Lithuanian Armed Forces (Data as of December 2017) 81% 66% supports membership in NATO (Data as of December 2017) 83% 16
INFORMATION AND AWARENESS RAISING CAMPAIGN Since 2014 the Ministry of National Defence has published 3 manuals for citizens on what actions to take in case of an emergency and in war-time situations. English language version can be found online: http://kam.lt/download/51276/ka%20turime%20 zinoti%20en.pdf 17
Cooperation with NGO s: Recognising Propaganda and Information Warfare: 20 NGO s initiatives related to patriotic 280 More than events and presentations for NGO s, state and municipality officials, schools & universities, business representatives in 2017 education and defence have been partially financed by the Ministry of National Defence in 2017. 18
STRENGTHENING CYBER SECURITY Ministry of National Defence is the only government institution responsible for cyber security since 2018. CYBER SECURITY 01 0 001 National Cyber Security Centre, responsible for the national cyber security policy implementation, established in 2015. Law on Cyber Security entered into force in 2015. 19
> Monitoring system is installed on critical governmental networks, energy & transport sectors. PREVENTION RESPONSE DETECTION > Since 2018 Cyber Security Centre also functions as National Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT). > Second national cyber security exercise in 2017 more than 200 representatives from 50 private and public institutions, and academia. During 2017, more than 450 malware cases were detected and neutralized in governmental networks and critical information infrastructure. 20
FIND MORE Facebook http://www.facebook.com/lrkam Twitter https://twitter.com/lithuanian_mod YouTube http://www.youtube.com/user/krastoapsauga http://kam.lt/en 21
2018 Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Lithuania Design by Raimonda Namikaitė Photography: Ieva Budzeikaite, Arnas Glazauskas, Alfredas Pliadis. Photographs are also taken from the archives of the Ministry of National Defence and Special Operations Forces. Illustration (p. 18) by Vladimiras Beresniovas ISBN 978-609-412-114-2 The bibliographic information about the publication is available in the National Bibliographic Data Bank (NBDB) of the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania.