Rebuilding For Space AS200, Lessons 19,20
Lesson Objective OBJECTIVE: : Know events surrounding the growth and development of airpower after Vietnam. Understand the importance of military operations occurring in the 1980s Samples of Behavior Identify key aircraft, missiles,, and other weapon systems developed after Vietnam State, in your own words, the capabilities, functions and doctrinal emphasis at the end of the Cold War period State the lessons learned from the invasion of Grenada Identify the impact of the bombing raid on Libya List the lessons learned from the invasion of Panama
Overview Video 1 st week 2 nd nd week discuss: Rise of the Phoenix: From Vietnam to the Gulf War Exploitation of Space Military Operations in the 80s Grenada Libya Panama Two-Part Lesson
Rise of the Phoenix Lessons Learned in Combat Existing equipment had to be upgraded Air superiority had to be earned immediately Gradualism was the path to disaster Air superiority required an investment in technology Grinding approach to victory ineffective Gave Gave the enemy time to recover after first attack Not Not politically attainable
Rise of the Phoenix Lessons Learned in Combat Precision was the key to effective airpower Large Large numbers of aircraft with low lethality proved ineffective and costly to airmen Precision Precision also required new technology Vietnam was over, but Cold War was as hot as ever Technology had to be revolutionary rather than evolutionary for conventional & nuclear threat
New Weapon Systems Two key fighters developed F-15 Eagle F-16 Fighting Falcon
New Weapon Systems And for CAS we built A-10 Thunderbolt (Warthog) To control the air battle E-3 Sentry (AWACS) Nuclear deterrence still the name of the game
New Weapon Systems Deterrence based on credible retaliation Bombers had to penetrate Missiles had to be accurate Both had to survive 1 st strike B-1B Lancer Peacekeeper Missile 50 in Silos 50 on Rails Rail Concept Discontinued in 91 Continuing on with advances in technology
Second Generation Weapons Stealth aircraft F-117 Nighthawk B-2 Spirit New airlifter C-17 Globemaster Controlling the Ground War E-8 Joint STARS And guaranteeing air dominance in 21 st Century
Second Generation Weapons New, advanced fighter F-22 Joint Strike Fighter F-35 Lockheed Martin And we ve also made advances overhead, starting with 6
The day the whole world changed Oct 1957 Sputnik - the race begins Space Policy Eisenhower proposes freedom of space Ensured Ensured over flight Created Created NASA Devoted Devoted to peaceful purposes Peaceful Peaceful purposes did embrace defense missions So while the world watched intense space race a quieter race was on for defense purposes
Toward the Unknown And key to defense is knowing your enemy Discoverer - strictly scientific But, more important was the classified USAF reconnaissance program Corona 1960-19721972 Over Over 800,000 photos 11
Making the Unknown Known Reconnaissance and Surveillance Black programs The The National Reconnaissance Office Missile Defense Alarm Defense Defense Support Program (DSP) Space-based Infrared System Communications Military Military Strategic and Tactical Relay (MILSTAR) AF AF Satellite Communications System (AFSATCOM)
Making the Unknown Known Meteorology Defense Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Navigation Global Global Positioning System (GPS) Great Great for hiking and JDAM And as we become more dependent on space operations space superiority will become critical
Post Vietnam, in addition to new weapons we also looked at better ways to employ them i.e. doctrine Military Operations in the 80 s
GRENADA Prime Minister killed in coup in Oct 83 US objectives Protect US citizens, 1000 medical students Neutralize hostile Grenadian/Cuban elements Restore the legitimate government Operation Urgent Fury Army Rangers and 82nd Airborne Division Supported by Air Force resources
GRENADA Lessons Learned All services must plan and coordinate jointly before the operation occurs Applying overwhelming force quickly is the key to victory
LIBYA Mummar Qaddafi linked to terrorism and specific bombing of disco in Berlin Libyan targets struck in Apr 86 Operation El Dorado Canyon AF F-111sF Navy and Marine aircraft Four of five main targets severely damaged
LIBYA Lessons Learned Superb joint coordination Able to strike terrorists Willing to strike terrorists Tankers make global attack possible
PANAMA General Noriega Indicted ndicted on drug charges US forces harassed in the Canal Zone Implied threats to security of the Canal Marine Lt killed in an incident President Bush ordered Operation Just Cause
PANAMA Objectives of Operation Just Cause Remove Noriega from power Safeguard the Panama Canal Restore the democratically-elected elected government in Panama Dec 89 operation began AC-130 Spectre gunships used First use of F-117F Noriega surrenders after seeking refuge in Vatican embassy
PANAMA Lessons Learned Strike quickly with overwhelming force using mobility, surprise, and precision Army and Marines recognized the need for light deployable forces Joint coordination had vastly improved since Grenada Grenada, Libya, and Panama important lessons for building a dominant Air Force
Summary Rise of the Phoenix: From Vietnam to the Gulf War Exploitation of Space Military Operations in the 80s Grenada Libya Panama From the 60s- 80s we procured new equipment, new doctrine, and reinforced key lessons our next war would not be another Vietnam