Bell work: 1. Fill-in the map with the appropriate colors. 2. Be prepared to fill in the other factors as we go Map of the U.S. before the Civil War
The American Civil War
Terms to Know- Section 1 Border State- The states between the North and South that supported slavery but not succession Blockade- Cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out. Offensive- Position of attacking or the attack itself
Consisted of 19 states The Union Operated by the federal government, which kept territories in the West apart of the Union Population: ~21 million 100, 000 manufacturing plants 70% of the Nation s Railroads 30-1 superiority in weapons production 2-1 edge in available manpower Had a small but efficient regular army and navy
The Confederacy Consisted of 11 states Population: ~9 million; 4 million of which were slaves 18,000 manufacturing plants 30% of the Nation s Railroads Long history of military training among generals, etc. Long coastline: 3,500 miles long Sought foreign intervention
The Border States Four states remained in the Union, but allowed Slavery Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware All had strategic locations that could make or break the North. Missouri= Could control parts of the Mississippi Kentucky= Controlled the Ohio River Maryland= In-between the capitals of the Union (D.C.) and the Confederacy (Richmond) Delaware= Too close to major Northern cities
Keeping the Union Lincoln moved cautiously to avoid upsetting border states Suspension of some constitutional rights and arresting people who supported secession, caused border states to remain apart of the Union. Many citizens in border states joined armies of the South
Terms to Know-Section 2 Ironclad- Armored naval vessels
Hardships of Army Life Civil War soldiers fought for their beliefs but many volunteered for: Adventure Glory To escape boredom For the money
Army Camps Army life was not what many expected. Soldiers in the field were often wet, muddy, and cold. Camps were unsanitary and the soldiers often went weeks without bathing or washing their clothes. Poor hygiene resulted in widespread sickness. Most soldiers suffered from: Chronic diarrhea or other intestinal disorders. Typhoid and dysentery killed thousands.
Changes in Military Weapons New rifles and minié balls allowed infantry soldiers to shoot farther and with more accuracy. The use of land mines, hand grenades, repeating rifles, revolving gun turrets, and ironclad ships resulted in high casualties for both sides. Hot-air balloons were used to spot enemy positions The telegraph allowed generals to communicate more quickly. Railroads supplied the armies and were often armed with artillery
The Minié Ball https://youtu.be/8nr4uwioc7w
Civil War Medicine The era of the Civil War was a time when weapons were far more advanced than medicine. Of the 620,000 soldiers who died during the Civil War, around 400,000 of them died from disease. Many of the doctors had very little training Due to the poor sanitary conditions of the hospitals and the doctors, many wounds became horribly infected. Because there weren't any antibiotics to help cure infections, the only real treatment for wounds was amputation.
Civil War Hospitals The last place any soldier wanted to end up was in a Civil War field hospital. They were typically set up in barns or homes nearby the battlefield. They quickly became dirty places full of disease and suffering. Sometimes there wasn't enough room for all the wounded and they were just lined up on the ground outside. Thousands of women on both sides of the war volunteered to work as nurses in the hospitals.
Photography in the Civil War First major war to have photography Allowed families to have a keepsake representation of their fathers or sons as they were away from home. Photography also enhanced the image of political figures like President Lincoln Intense images of battlefield horrors were presented to the public for the first time Images of everyday life are also depicted for the first time in the Civil War, men playing cards, playing instruments or cleaning equipment. Black soldiers and slaves were also depicted for the first time.
Photography- Video
Terms to Know-Section 3 Habeas Corpus- A legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned Draft- The selection of persons for military service Inflation- A continuous rise in the price of goods and services
Union Civil War Leaders William Sherman Union General Born in Ohio and oversaw a Louisiana military school Suffered from depression during the early days of the war Abraham Lincoln President of the United States He hated slavery, he believed the Constitution didn t give him power to do away with slavery. Ulysses S. Grant Union General; 2 nd in Command of U.S. Army Slow and methodical in his strategy He deliberately forced troops into deadly situations
Confederate Civil War Leaders Robert E. Lee Confederate General Hated slavery and opposed secession, but would not betray his homeland a sly and clever military strategist Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy Served as a senator, Congressman and U.S. Secretary of War He didn t want the South to secede from the Union Thomas Stonewall Jackson Confederate General During the first battle, an officer commented on Jackson, standing firm and strong like a stone wall, which is where he got his nickname.
War Strategy The Anaconda Plan (North) 1. Blockade Southern Ports 2. Gain Control of the Mississippi 3. Capture Richmond, Virginia King Cotton (South) 1. Use Cotton to win Foreign Support 2. Fight a Defensive War 3. Capture Washington D.C.
Divisions in the South Support for the war varied from state to state Georgia and N. Carolina opposed the war. S. Carolina objected to officers from other states leading their troops Regions with large slaveholding plantations supported the war more than poor back country regions.
Divisions in the North Northerners were also divided over the war. Some believed the South had a right to secede. Others blamed Lincoln and the Republicans for forcing the war. Those who opposed the war were strongest in Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana
Disagreements About the War The hardships and sacrifices of the war, forced the hands on both sides. Mobs, throughout the North & South, broke into shops and stole food, clothing, and other goods. People on both sides protested draft laws. Southern planters who owned 20 or more slaves were exempt and both sides allowed draftees to hire substitutes
A group of Northern Democrats called Copperheads, protested the conduct of the war. Lincoln had the protesters arrested Lincoln also suspended the writ of habeas corpus prevents the government from holding citizens without a trial. Copperheads
Economic Effects of the War Northerners and Southerners suffered economic hardships during the war. Food shortages were common in the South Prices rose 9,000 percent in the South Inflation was much lower in the North, but prices still rose faster than wages. The South was less able than the North to bear these costs.
Terms to Know-Section 4 Emancipate- To free from slavery Ratify- To give approval to Casualty- A military person killed, wounded, or captured
Civil War Battles-Rotation Stations Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 1. Fort Sumter 2. Bull Run (First Manassas) 3. Seven Days Battle 4. Antietam 5. Fredericksburg 1. Shiloh 2. Vicksburg 3. Chancellorsville 4. Gettysburg 5. Chickamauga 1. Chattanooga 2. Petersburg 3. Sherman s March-to-the-Sea 4. Battle of Sailor s Creek 5. Battle of Appomattox Courthouse
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation Abolitionists urged Lincoln to emancipate, or free, the slaves since the beginning of the war. By the summer of 1862, Lincoln decided in favor of emancipation, feeling it could weaken the South. It stated that if the Southern states did not cease their rebellion by January 1, 1863, then the slaves in those states would be free. The Proclamation freed only the slaves in the states in rebellion against the Federal government. Although the Emancipation Proclamation didn t actually free many people, symbolically the Civil War became a war of liberation.
Emancipation?
Effects of Emancipation The Emancipation Proclamation had important effects:
54 th Massachusetts In February 1863, the United States raised its first Army regiment of black Soldiers during the Civil War. Recruits arrived from 24 states -- 15 Union, five Confederate and all four border states. The 1,007 enlisted men and 37 white officers marched through Boston and embarked on the transport ship De Molay, destined for Beaufort, S.C. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment distinguished itself by leading a heroic attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina. The unit held part of the fort, but Confederate counterattacks forced the men in blue to retreat 116 were killed in action and 156 wounded or captured.
Slaves in the Civil War Freeing enslaved people was not an easy undertaking. An attorney before the war, decided slaves were contraband of war and refused to return them to bondage. All over the battlefront, runaway slaves began presenting themselves to Union forces. The Union instituted a policy of hiring, and using them in the war effort. The Confederacy allowed slaves in their barracks and soldiers were allowed to have slaves replace them on the battlefield. Slaves did their best to hurt the Confederacy by working slowly, damaging equipment, and giving information about the Confederacy to the Union.
Hispanics in the Civil War Hispanics were divided in their loyalties, fighting heroically for both the Union and Confederate armies. Most Hispanic Soldiers were integrated into the regular Army or volunteer units Some served in predominantly Hispanic units with their own officers. Hispanics were especially instrumental in protecting the Southwest against Confederate advances, most notably in California, Arizona and New Mexico.
Native Americans in the Civil War In total, more than 28,000 Native Americans participated in the American Civil War. The motivations for entering the war and choosing a side depended on perspective. Union Building goodwill with the government and continuing the tradition of fierce, brave tribal warriors. Potential to earn Native Americans increased respect Confederate Many tribes in the south owned slaves General and growing distrust of the Federal government due to the forced removal of natives from their tribal lands
Women in the Civil War Women in both the North and the South assumed increased responsibilities. Women ran family businesses, farms, and plantations. Thousands of women served on the front lines as volunteer workers and nurses. Relief agencies put women to work washing clothes, gathering supplies, and cooking for the soldiers. Women also played a key role as spies for both the North and the South. Some women even dressed like men and fought along side them in the Confederate and Union armies.
War Strategy- Total War General William Tecumseh Sherman led a Union army toward Atlanta. Sherman was a tough soldier who believed in total war. A war not only against enemy troops, but against everything that supports the enemy. Union troops tore up rail lines, destroyed crops, and looted and burned towns.
Consequences of the Civil War The Civil War made people see the United States as a single nation rather than a collection of states. The national government to grew larger and more powerful because of the demands war. New paper currency, income taxes, a new federal banking system, a government funded transcontinental railroad, and the Homestead Act were all important legacies of the war The war also changed the Northern economy. New industries grew rapidly and began to replace farming as the basis of the national economy. For the South, however, the war brought economic disaster. Farms and plantations were destroyed, livestock were killed, machinery demolished, and thousands of miles of railroad tracks were torn up.