For further information: Carol Courter / Release #6047. Online Job Ads Decreased 267,300 in October

News Release Follow The Conference Board For further information: Carol Courter 212-339-0232 / courter@conference-board.org Release #6047 For Immediate Release 10:00 AM ET, Wednesday, October 31, 2018 Online Job Ads Decreased 267,300 in October Loss widespread across virtually all States and MSAs Widespread losses over the month in most occupational categories NEW YORK, October 31, 2018 Online advertised vacancies decreased 267,300 to 4,482,900 in October, according to The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine (HWOL) Data Series, released today. The September Supply/Demand rate stands at 1.26 unemployed workers for each advertised vacancy, with a total of 1.2 million more unemployed workers than the number of advertised vacancies. The number of unemployed workers was approximately 6.0 million in September. In the Professional occupational category, Healthcare practitioner ads decreased by 20,400, Management ads decreased 15,800, and Computer and math ads decreased by 13,800. In the Services/Production occupational category, Sales ads decreased by 54,000, Office and administrative support ads decreased by 33,300 and Transportation ads decreased 24,700. NOTE: Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. 1

REGIONAL AND STATE HIGHLIGHTS Among the 20 largest States, all 20 decreased Among the 50 States, 49 declined and 1 was constant Table A: State Labor Demand, Selected States, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Supply/ Total Ads 1 Change Demand Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Sep-18 United States 4,482.9-267.3 1.26 NORTHEAST 860.9-35.9 1.66 Massachusetts 137.9-7.2 0.94 New Jersey 140.2-7.5 1.27 New York 265.4-6.0 1.47 Pennsylvania 197.8-10.4 1.26 SOUTH 1,479.9-96.8 1.90 Florida 226.3-19.0 1.46 Georgia 144.8-9.7 1.22 Maryland 90.9-6.8 1.37 North Carolina 129.3-6.8 1.38 Texas 315.2-18.0 1.58 Virginia 146.2-5.7 0.83 MIDWEST 974.0-66.4 1.59 Illinois 175.5-9.5 1.44 Michigan 125.1-9.2 1.44 Minnesota 124.5-7.5 0.66 Missouri 84.8-5.4 1.07 Ohio 144.0-10.6 1.72 Wisconsin 93.9-6.7 0.95 WEST 1,111.2-54.3 1.82 Arizona 88.7-7.0 1.64 California 518.9-21.8 1.49 Colorado 111.7-6.7 0.80 Washington 135.2-2.3 1.20 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. The release schedule, national historic table and technical notes to this series are available on The Conference Board website, http://www.conference-board.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. The historical series for the States and the 52 largest MSAs is available from Haver Analytics. The underlying data for The Conference Board HWOL is collected by Wanted Analytics, a CEB Company. 2

October Changes for States In October, online labor demand declined in 49 States, and 1 was constant. All four regions experienced decreases. The Northeast decreased 35,900 in October (Table A). New York decreased 6,000 to 265,400. Pennsylvania decreased 10,400 to 197,800. New Jersey decreased 7,500 to 140,200. Massachusetts decreased 7,200 to 137,900. In the smaller States, Connecticut decreased 2,300 to 54,200. New Hampshire decreased 1,800 to 21,500 and Maine decreased 1,400 to 16,700. Rhode Island decreased 1,000 to 15,100 and Vermont remained constant at 11,900 (Table 3). The West decreased 54,300 in October. California decreased 21,800 to 518,900 and Colorado decreased 6,700 to 111,700. Washington decreased 2,300 to 135,200. Arizona decreased 7,000 to 88,700. Among the smaller States in the West, Oregon decreased 4,200 to 68,900. Utah decreased 2,900 to 44,800. Nevada decreased 4,300 to 38,900. Idaho decreased 1,000 to 20,900 and New Mexico decreased 1,500 to 23,800. Montana fell 1,400 to 17,200 and Hawaii decreased 1,000 to 18,600. The Midwest decreased 66,400 in October. Ohio decreased 10,600 to 144,000 and Missouri decreased 5,400 to 84,800. Minnesota decreased 7,500 to 124,500 and Illinois decreased 9,500 to 175,500. Wisconsin decreased 6,700 to 93,900 and Michigan decreased 9,200 to 125,100. Among the smaller States in the region, Indiana decreased 7,000 to 75,800 and Iowa decreased 3,300 to 54,300. Nebraska decreased 500 to 29,000 and South Dakota decreased 900 to 13,500. Kansas decreased 2,300 to 36,500. The South decreased 96,800 in October. Among the larger States in the region, Texas decreased 18,000 to 315,200. Florida decreased 19,000 to 226,300. North Carolina decreased 6,800 to 129,300. Georgia decreased 9,700 to 144,800. Virginia decreased 5,700 to 146,200. Maryland decreased 6,800 to 90,900. Among the smaller States, Tennessee decreased 7,500 to 77,300 and South Carolina decreased 4,000 to 55,100. Alabama decreased 3,900 to 48,400. Kentucky decreased 4,400 to 41,300 and Oklahoma fell 3,500 to 36,800. Louisiana decreased 2,800 to 38,300 and Delaware decreased 900 to 16,400. Supply/Demand Rates: Help Wanted OnLine calculates Supply/Demand rates for the 50 States (Table 4). The data are for September 2018, the latest month for which State unemployment figures are available. There were 12 States in which the number of advertised vacancies exceeded the number of unemployed: North Dakota (0.63), Minnesota (0.66), Hawaii (0.77), Iowa (0.72), Colorado (0.80), Vermont (0.83), Virginia (0.83), New Hampshire (0.87), Massachusetts (0.94), Wisconsin (0.95), South Dakota (0.95), and Nebraska (0.97). The States with the highest Supply/Demand rates were Louisiana (2.59), Mississippi (2.23), and West Virginia (2.05), which had more than two unemployed workers for every job opening. Please note that the Supply/Demand rate only provides a measure of relative tightness of the individual State labor markets and does not suggest that the occupations of the unemployed directly align with the occupations of the advertised vacancies. 3

METRO AREA HIGHLIGHTS In October, all 20 largest metro areas declined Among the 52 metro areas, 51 declined, and 1 was constant (Table 5) Table B: MSA Labor Demand, Selected MSA's, Seasonally Adjusted M-O-M Total Ads 1 Change (Thousands) (Thousands) Supply/ Demand Rate 2 Location Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Aug-18 United States 4,482.9-267.3 1.26 NORTHEAST 860.9-35.9 1.66 Boston, MA 109.1-4.2 1.23 New York, NY 273.4-9.9 1.31 Philadelphia, PA 97.0-6.4 1.49 SOUTH 1,479.9-96.8 1.90 Atlanta, GA 97.8-5.2 1.07 Baltimore, MD 49.2-2.8 1.18 Dallas, TX 103.1-6.4 1.77 Houston, TX 69.2-3.4 1.86 Miami, FL 62.7-3.8 0.96 Washington, DC 147.8-4.0 0.92 MIDWEST 974.0-66.4 1.59 Chicago, IL 138.2-8.9 1.11 Cleveland, OH 26.9-1.6 1.36 Detroit, MI 61.2-3.1 1.25 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 89.5-5.4 1.26 WEST 1,111.2-54.3 1.82 Denver, CO 66.3-4.2 0.87 Los Angeles, CA 156.5-7.9 0.74 Phoenix, AZ 64.0-5.1 0.54 San Diego, CA 44.7-1.7 0.81 San Francisco, CA 109.8-3.5 0.85 San Jose, CA 56.7-1.2 0.86 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 90.5-0.6 2.04 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4

Metro Area Changes In October, labor demand fell in 51 metro areas and 1 was constant. The MSAs with the largest changes in each of the regions were: Chicago (-8,900) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (-5,400) in the Midwest; Los Angeles (-7,900) and Phoenix (-5,100) in the West; Dallas (-6,400) and Atlanta (-5,200) in the South; and New York (-9,900) and Philadelphia (6,400) in the Northeast (See Table B and Table 5). The West decreased 54,300 in October. Los Angeles decreased 7,900 to 156,500. San Francisco decreased 3,500 to 109,800. Seattle-Tacoma fell 600 to 90,500 and Phoenix decreased 5,100 to 64,000. Denver decreased 4,200 to 66,300 and San Jose fell 1,200 to 56,700. Riverside decreased 2,300 to 31,200. Portland fell 2,900 to 43,200. Sacramento decreased 1,400 at 24,800 and Salt Lake City decreased 1,400 to 23,600. Honolulu fell 400 to 12,300 and Las Vegas fell 2,900 to 24,500. The South decreased 96,800 in October. Washington, DC decreased 4,000 to 147,800 and Dallas decreased 6,400 to 103,100. Miami decreased 3,800 to 62,700. Atlanta decreased 5,200 to 97,800. Houston decreased 3,400 to 69,200. Austin fell 500 to 39,300 and Orlando decreased 2,900 to 34,700. Charlotte decreased 2,700 to 40,600. Tampa fell 3,000 to 38,100 and Baltimore decreased 2,800 to 49,200. San Antonio decreased 1,300 to 26,000. Nashville decreased 3,400 to 34,500. New Orleans fell 1,000 to 14,400 and Birmingham decreased 1,000 to 13,400. Louisville decreased 1,700 to 15,300. The Northeast decreased 35,900 in October. New York decreased 9,900 to 273,400 and Boston fell 4,200 to 109,100. Philadelphia decreased 6,400 to 97,000 and Pittsburgh decreased 1,900 to 42,400. Providence decreased 1,400 to 19,500. Hartford fell 800 to 23,900 and Rochester remained constant at 12,700. Buffalo decreased 100 to 15,800. The Midwest experienced a decrease of 66,400 in October. Minneapolis-St. Paul decreased 5,400 to 89,500 and Chicago decreased 8,900 to 138,200. St. Louis fell 2,600 to 46,600. Detroit decreased 3,100 to 61,200. Indianapolis decreased 2,600 to 28,900. Cleveland decreased 1,600 to 26,900 and Cincinnati decreased 2,200 to 32,600. Kansas City decreased 3,400 to 35,700 and Columbus fell 2,000 to 31,000. Milwaukee decreased 2,900 to 28,800. The number of postings does not, however, tell the entire story. A crucial factor is how many unemployed people are seeking jobs and how much competition there is for the jobs that are available. The Conference Board HWOL s Supply/Demand rate relates the number of unemployed workers to the number of advertised vacancies. Based on August s data (the latest available unemployment data for metro areas), 15 major metro areas saw more job openings than unemployed workers: San Jose (S/D rate of 0.49), Minneapolis-St. Paul (0.54), San Francisco (0.61), Honolulu (0.74), Washington, DC (0.79), Nashville (0.80), Denver (0.81), Boston (0.85), Salt Lake City (0.86), Austin (0.87), Seattle-Tacoma (0.88), Milwaukee (0.92), Kansas City (0.95), Hartford (0.96) and Richmond (0.99) (Table 6). Other favorable markets for job-seekers included Atlanta (1.06) and St. Louis (1.07). In contrast, unemployed workers face great competition for each advertised position in Riverside (over 2 unemployed for every opening) as well as New Orleans (2 unemployed for every opening). In 50 of the 52 metro areas, however, there are now fewer than 2 unemployed per advertised opening. (See Table 6 for complete metro area Supply/Demand rates.) 5

OCCUPATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS In October, all of the largest ten online occupational categories posted decreases (Table C) Table C: U.S. Top Ten Demand Occupations and Pay Levels, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 2 SOC 1 Occupation Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Sep-18 Sep-18 Wage 3 15 Computer and mathematical science 570.1-13.8 91.3 0.16 $43.18 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 500.3-20.4 167.3 0.32 $38.83 43 Office and administrative support 458.1-33.3 582.0 1.18 $18.24 41 Sales and related 421.6-54.0 639.3 1.34 $19.56 11 Management 421.0-15.8 334.1 0.76 $57.65 13 Business and financial operations 307.7-1.1 188.7 0.61 $36.70 53 Transportation and material moving 289.3-24.7 577.9 1.84 $17.82 35 Food preparation and serving related 202.7-21.6 473.8 2.11 $11.88 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 187.7-14.9 107.6 0.53 $23.02 17 Architecture and engineering 170.5-5.8 61.2 0.35 $41.44 The Conference Board - All rights reserved. 1. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 2. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 3. BLS Occupational Employment Statistics - May 2017 estimates. Average Hourly Occupational Changes for the Month of October In October, all of the largest ten online occupational categories posted decreases. Computer and Mathematical ads decreased 13,800 to 570,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.16, i.e. 6 advertised openings per unemployed job seeker (see Table C and Table 7). Management ads decreased 15,800 to 421,000. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.76, i.e. 1 advertised opening per unemployed job seeker. Healthcare practitioner ads decreased 20,400 to 500,300. The supply/demand rate lies at 0.32, i.e. 3 advertised openings per unemployed job seeker. Sales and related ads decreased 54,000 to 421,600. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.34, i.e. over 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. Office and administrative support ads decreased 33,300 to 458,100. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.18 i.e. over 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. Transportation ads decreased 24,700 to 289,300. The supply/demand rate lies at 1.84, i.e. over 1 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. Food preparation and serving related ads decreased 21,600 to 202,700. The supply/demand rate lies at 2.11, i.e. over 2 unemployed job seeker for every advertised available opening. 6

PROGRAM NOTES Special Note Recently, the HWOL Data Series has experienced a declining trend in the number of online job ads that may not reflect broader trends in the U.S. labor market. Based on changes in how job postings appear online, The Conference Board is reviewing its HWOL methodology to ensure accuracy and alignment with market trends. HWOL available on Haver Analytics Over 3,000 of the key HWOL press release time series are exclusively available on Haver Analytics. The available time series include the geographic and occupational series for levels and rates for both Total Ads and New Ads. In addition to the seasonally adjusted series, many of the unadjusted series are also available. The geographic detail includes: U.S., 9 Regions, 50 States, 52 MSAs (largest metro areas). The occupational detail includes: U.S. (2-digit SOC), States (1-digit SOC) and MSAs (1-digit SOC). For more information about the Help Wanted OnLine database delivered via Haver Analytics, please email sales@haver.com or navigate to http://www.haver.com/contact.html. For HWOL data for detailed geographic areas and occupations not in the press release, please contact Jeanne.Shu@conference-board.org. The Conference Board Help Wanted OnLine Data Series (HWOL) measures the number of new, first-time online jobs and jobs reposted from the previous month for over 16,000 Internet job boards, corporate boards and smaller job sites that serve niche markets and smaller geographic areas. Like The Conference Board s long-running Help Wanted Advertising Index of print ads (which was published for over 55 years and discontinued in August 2008), the HWOL series measures help wanted advertising, i.e. labor demand. The HWOL data series began in May 2005. With the October 2008 release, HWOL began providing seasonally adjusted data for the U.S., the nine Census regions and the 50 States. Seasonally adjusted data for occupations were provided beginning with the May 2009 release, and seasonally adjusted data for the 52 largest metropolitan areas began with the February 2012 release. People using this data are urged to review the information on the database and methodology available on The Conference Board website and contact us with questions and comments. Background information and technical notes and discussion of revisions to the series are available at: http://www.conferenceboard.org/data/helpwantedonline.cfm. Additional information on the Bureau of Labor Statistics data used in this release can be found on the BLS website, www.bls.gov. About The Conference Board The Conference Board is a member-focused think tank that provides trusted insights for what s ahead. We are a non-partisan, not-for-profit entity holding 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt status in the United States. WANTED Analytics, a CEB Company WANTED is a leading supplier of real-time business intelligence solutions for the talent marketplace. Using technology to gather data from corporate career sites and online job boards, WANTED builds products to help our 7

users make better human capital decisions faster. Users of our products include corporate human resources departments, market analysts and employment services firms as well as the federal, state and local labor market analysts that use HWOL. For more information, please visit: www.wantedanalytics.com. HAVER ANALYTICS Haver Analytics is the premier provider of time series data for the Global Strategy and Research community. Haver Analytics was founded in 1978 as a consulting firm and today provides the highest quality data and software for industry professionals. Haver provides products and services to clients in financial services, government, academia and various industry groups from consulting to manufacturing. From more information please see: http://www.haver.com/contact.html. Publication Schedule, Help Wanted OnLine Data Series Data for the Month Release Date November 2018 December 5, 2018 8

Table 1: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 United States 4,558.7 4,750.3 4,482.9-267.3 1,924.7 1,881.9 1,720.2-161.6 New England 265.1 270.1 257.5-12.6 105.1 102.6 94.7-7.9 Middle Atlantic 623.8 626.7 603.4-23.4 258.4 247.6 229.1-18.5 South Atlantic 875.6 921.9 869.9-52.1 371.3 362.5 329.1-33.5 East North Central 652.6 658.8 615.7-43.1 254.4 241.3 221.6-19.6 East South Central 187.5 210.2 191.9-18.3 71.9 74.2 68.5-5.7 West North Central 362.4 381.6 358.3-23.3 142.8 141.4 130.6-10.7 West South Central 412.2 444.6 418.1-26.5 173.9 178.2 157.0-21.2 Mountain 364.1 381.6 357.3-24.2 158.6 156.1 142.6-13.5 Pacific 774.5 783.9 753.9-30.0 366.4 350.0 321.1-28.9 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. M-O-M Change (Thousands) 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Table 2: National/Regional Total Ads and New Ads Rates, Seasonally Adjusted Location 2 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 United States 2.84 2.93 2.77 1.20 1.16 1.06 New England 3.35 3.33 3.18 1.33 1.27 1.17 Middle Atlantic 3.02 3.04 2.93 1.25 1.20 1.11 South Atlantic 2.76 2.89 2.72 1.17 1.13 1.03 East North Central 2.76 2.78 2.60 1.07 1.02 0.93 East South Central 2.15 2.38 2.17 0.82 0.84 0.78 West North Central 3.25 3.41 3.20 1.28 1.26 1.17 West South Central 2.18 2.32 2.18 0.92 0.93 0.82 Mountain 3.03 3.13 2.93 1.32 1.28 1.17 Pacific 2.94 2.98 2.87 1.39 1.33 1.22 2. Regions are as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total Ads Rate 1 New Ads Rate 1 (Percent) (Percent) 1. Ads rates are calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ads rates represent the number of ads per 100 participants in the civilian labor force. 9

Table 3: State Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Location Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 United States 4,558.7 4,750.3 4,482.9-267.3 1,924.7 1,881.9 1,720.2-161.6 Alabama 47.2 52.3 48.4-3.9 17.6 18.5 16.9-1.6 Alaska 13.5 13.8 13.4-0.4 6.1 5.8 5.6-0.1 Arizona 88.1 95.7 88.7-7.0 39.7 40.2 36.2-3.9 Arkansas 26.3 30.0 27.5-2.5 10.9 11.2 9.7-1.5 California 531.6 540.7 518.9-21.8 251.1 240.8 217.7-23.0 Colorado 116.0 118.3 111.7-6.7 53.4 50.3 46.4-3.9 Connecticut 66.8 56.5 54.2-2.3 24.0 19.9 18.4-1.5 Delaware 14.7 17.4 16.4-0.9 5.5 6.6 5.6-1.1 Florida 241.0 245.3 226.3-19.0 117.9 107.7 94.2-13.5 Georgia 141.5 154.5 144.8-9.7 58.1 60.5 53.0-7.5 Hawaii 19.9 19.6 18.6-1.0 10.2 8.7 8.3-0.4 Idaho 18.6 22.0 20.9-1.0 8.6 9.2 8.5-0.7 Illinois 179.7 185.0 175.5-9.5 69.7 68.4 62.2-6.2 Indiana 77.7 82.8 75.8-7.0 29.4 29.0 26.4-2.6 Iowa 54.9 57.6 54.3-3.3 20.5 19.4 19.1-0.3 Kansas 34.5 38.8 36.5-2.3 12.8 13.6 12.5-1.1 Kentucky 40.6 45.7 41.3-4.4 15.7 15.6 14.6-1.0 Louisiana 38.2 41.1 38.3-2.8 14.5 14.6 13.6-1.0 Maine 16.0 18.1 16.7-1.4 6.2 6.9 6.1-0.9 Maryland 93.2 97.7 90.9-6.8 34.6 32.7 30.4-2.3 Massachusetts 135.6 145.1 137.9-7.2 55.0 55.3 51.5-3.8 Michigan 135.3 134.4 125.1-9.2 53.6 48.9 47.6-1.3 Minnesota 132.8 132.0 124.5-7.5 53.6 51.3 46.1-5.2 Mississippi 24.5 27.7 24.9-2.7 8.6 9.4 8.6-0.9 Missouri 85.9 90.3 84.8-5.4 35.6 36.2 32.4-3.8 Montana 19.0 18.5 17.2-1.4 7.8 7.4 6.2-1.2 Nebraska 28.2 29.5 29.0-0.5 11.1 10.7 11.0 0.3 Nevada 42.9 43.2 38.9-4.3 18.7 18.3 16.1-2.2 New Hampshire 22.8 23.3 21.5-1.8 9.3 9.3 7.9-1.3 New Jersey 148.0 147.7 140.2-7.5 61.7 59.0 54.4-4.6 New Mexico 23.8 25.3 23.8-1.5 9.1 9.0 8.7-0.3 New York 280.0 271.4 265.4-6.0 121.6 112.9 105.4-7.5 North Carolina 129.0 136.1 129.3-6.8 54.1 51.1 50.6-0.5 North Dakota 14.9 17.3 16.4-0.8 5.4 6.1 5.4-0.7 Ohio 159.7 154.6 144.0-10.6 63.8 57.7 53.4-4.3 Oklahoma 34.3 40.3 36.8-3.5 13.7 14.6 13.6-1.0 Oregon 71.1 73.1 68.9-4.2 37.2 34.8 32.5-2.3 Pennsylvania 195.9 208.2 197.8-10.4 75.4 75.9 69.4-6.5 Rhode Island 14.0 16.1 15.1-1.0 6.3 6.3 5.7-0.5 South Carolina 57.7 59.1 55.1-4.0 23.5 21.7 20.3-1.4 South Dakota 11.8 14.4 13.5-0.9 4.3 5.2 4.8-0.4 Tennessee 75.2 84.8 77.3-7.5 30.4 31.5 29.0-2.5 Texas 313.1 333.2 315.2-18.0 135.3 137.5 120.6-16.8 Utah 45.4 47.7 44.8-2.9 17.6 17.5 16.5-1.0 Vermont 9.8 12.0 11.9 0.0 4.2 5.0 5.0 0.0 Virginia 141.1 151.9 146.2-5.7 53.2 53.2 50.1-3.0 Washington 139.8 137.5 135.2-2.3 61.0 60.1 56.1-4.0 West Virginia 18.8 19.8 19.1-0.7 6.8 7.2 6.5-0.6 Wisconsin 98.7 100.6 93.9-6.7 38.9 36.4 32.9-3.5 Wyoming 8.2 9.9 9.1-0.8 2.9 3.7 3.1-0.5 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. M-O-M Change M-O-M Change 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 10

Table 4: State Labor Supply/Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads Rate 1 Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ (Percent) Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Sep-18 Sep-18 Sep-18 Sep-18 United States 2.84 2.93 2.77 3.7 5,964.00 4,750.3 1.26 Alabama 2.18 2.37 2.19 4.1 90.83 52.3 1.74 Alaska 3.72 3.87 3.76 6.5 23.34 13.8 1.69 Arizona 2.64 2.83 2.62 4.7 157.38 95.7 1.64 Arkansas 1.94 2.23 2.04 3.5 47.24 30.0 1.57 California 2.74 2.79 2.68 4.1 802.96 540.7 1.49 Colorado 3.83 3.82 3.61 3.1 94.53 118.3 0.80 Connecticut 3.49 2.97 2.85 4.2 80.07 56.5 1.42 Delaware 3.08 3.57 3.38 4.0 19.26 17.4 1.11 Florida 2.38 2.40 2.21 3.5 358.05 245.3 1.46 Georgia 2.78 3.00 2.81 3.7 188.56 154.5 1.22 Hawaii 2.91 2.86 2.71 2.2 15.03 19.6 0.77 Idaho 2.21 2.58 2.46 2.7 23.28 22.0 1.06 Illinois 2.76 2.86 2.71 4.1 266.83 185.0 1.44 Indiana 2.34 2.44 2.23 3.5 117.42 82.8 1.42 Iowa 3.28 3.42 3.22 2.5 41.77 57.6 0.72 Kansas 2.33 2.62 2.47 3.3 48.46 38.8 1.25 Kentucky 1.98 2.20 1.99 4.5 92.56 45.7 2.03 Louisiana 1.81 1.94 1.81 5.0 106.47 41.1 2.59 Maine 2.28 2.56 2.36 3.3 23.19 18.1 1.28 Maryland 2.89 3.03 2.81 4.2 134.26 97.7 1.37 Massachusetts 3.71 3.80 3.61 3.6 135.80 145.1 0.94 Michigan 2.76 2.75 2.56 4.0 193.40 134.4 1.44 Minnesota 4.33 4.26 4.02 2.8 87.12 132.0 0.66 Mississippi 1.92 2.15 1.94 4.8 61.63 27.7 2.23 Missouri 2.82 2.95 2.77 3.2 96.89 90.3 1.07 Montana 3.60 3.54 3.29 3.6 19.09 18.5 1.03 Nebraska 2.80 2.90 2.85 2.8 28.59 29.5 0.97 Nevada 2.91 2.87 2.58 4.5 67.43 43.2 1.56 New Hampshire 3.05 3.06 2.82 2.7 20.24 23.3 0.87 New Jersey 3.28 3.29 3.12 4.2 187.09 147.7 1.27 New Mexico 2.56 2.68 2.53 4.6 43.01 25.3 1.70 New York 2.88 2.80 2.73 4.1 397.82 271.4 1.47 North Carolina 2.60 2.73 2.59 3.8 187.39 136.1 1.38 North Dakota 3.60 4.27 4.07 2.7 10.95 17.3 0.63 Ohio 2.76 2.68 2.49 4.6 265.73 154.6 1.72 Oklahoma 1.86 2.16 1.97 3.5 65.30 40.3 1.62 Oregon 3.35 3.47 3.27 3.8 79.53 73.1 1.09 Pennsylvania 3.05 3.25 3.09 4.1 261.92 208.2 1.26 Rhode Island 2.52 2.86 2.68 3.9 22.06 16.1 1.37 South Carolina 2.49 2.57 2.39 3.3 76.77 59.1 1.30 South Dakota 2.58 3.13 2.94 3.0 13.68 14.4 0.95 Tennessee 2.34 2.61 2.38 3.6 117.36 84.8 1.38 Texas 2.30 2.41 2.28 3.8 525.47 333.2 1.58 Utah 2.89 3.00 2.82 3.2 50.36 47.7 1.06 Vermont 2.84 3.45 3.44 2.9 9.90 12.0 0.83 Virginia 3.27 3.49 3.36 2.9 126.59 151.9 0.83 Washington 3.72 3.65 3.59 4.4 165.16 137.5 1.20 West Virginia 2.41 2.54 2.45 5.2 40.71 19.8 2.05 Wisconsin 3.12 3.17 2.96 3.0 95.08 100.6 0.95 Wyoming 2.80 3.48 3.19 4.1 11.59 9.9 1.17 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. Ad rates represent the number of ads per 100 persons in the civilian labor force. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Statistics and Local Area Unemployment Statistics programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 11

Table 5: MSA Total Ads and New Ads (Levels), Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads 1 (Thousands) New Ads 2 (Thousands) Location 3 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Birmingham, AL 13.2 14.4 13.4-1.0 5.0 5.2 4.7-0.5 Phoenix, AZ 63.3 69.1 64.0-5.1 29.6 29.2 26.3-2.9 Tucson, AZ 10.6 12.0 10.8-1.3 4.5 4.8 4.3-0.5 Los Angeles, CA 160.3 164.4 156.5-7.9 77.8 73.7 66.4-7.3 Riverside, CA 31.2 33.6 31.2-2.3 13.9 14.8 12.6-2.2 Sacramento, CA 28.6 26.2 24.8-1.4 14.1 12.1 10.9-1.2 San Diego, CA 49.0 46.4 44.7-1.7 24.5 21.8 20.8-1.0 San Francisco, CA 104.5 113.3 109.8-3.5 50.2 48.1 43.5-4.6 San Jose, CA 54.4 57.9 56.7-1.2 22.6 23.6 21.3-2.3 Denver, CO 68.3 70.4 66.3-4.2 32.0 30.2 27.8-2.4 Hartford, CT 26.3 24.6 23.9-0.8 9.2 8.5 8.2-0.3 Washington, DC 139.9 151.8 147.8-4.0 53.9 56.0 52.6-3.4 Jacksonville, FL 19.5 18.5 17.9-0.6 9.7 8.8 7.7-1.1 Miami, FL 63.7 66.5 62.7-3.8 31.8 30.0 26.7-3.3 Orlando, FL 35.5 37.6 34.7-2.9 16.7 15.6 13.6-2.0 Tampa, FL 42.7 41.1 38.1-3.0 21.3 17.8 16.0-1.8 Atlanta, GA 95.7 103.0 97.8-5.2 40.6 40.8 35.8-5.1 Honolulu, HI 13.6 12.7 12.3-0.4 7.4 5.8 5.8 0.0 Chicago, IL 143.5 147.1 138.2-8.9 56.6 54.1 48.6-5.5 Indianapolis, IN 29.8 31.5 28.9-2.6 11.8 11.5 10.5-0.9 Louisville, KY 16.2 17.0 15.3-1.7 6.7 6.0 5.7-0.3 New Orleans, LA 14.5 15.4 14.4-1.0 5.7 5.8 5.1-0.7 Baltimore, MD 50.1 52.0 49.2-2.8 19.4 17.5 17.2-0.3 Boston, MA 105.2 113.3 109.1-4.2 43.0 42.7 40.8-1.9 Detroit, MI 66.9 64.3 61.2-3.1 25.9 23.2 22.9-0.4 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 93.8 94.9 89.5-5.4 39.0 37.8 34.0-3.8 Kansas City, MO 37.8 39.0 35.7-3.4 15.6 14.7 13.3-1.4 St. Louis, MO 44.2 49.2 46.6-2.6 18.2 19.4 17.3-2.1 Las Vegas, NV 26.9 27.5 24.5-2.9 12.1 11.8 10.4-1.5 Buffalo, NY 16.4 15.9 15.8-0.1 7.0 6.5 6.1-0.4 New York, NY 287.9 283.3 273.4-9.9 124.9 115.6 107.8-7.9 Rochester, NY 13.9 12.7 12.7 0.0 5.6 5.3 5.0-0.3 Charlotte, NC 42.3 43.3 40.6-2.7 18.2 17.0 15.4-1.6 Cincinnati, OH 35.5 34.8 32.6-2.2 14.1 12.8 11.9-0.9 Cleveland, OH 30.2 28.5 26.9-1.6 12.1 10.5 10.0-0.5 Columbus, OH 34.6 33.0 31.0-2.0 14.9 13.5 12.3-1.2 Oklahoma City, OK 15.5 17.8 16.3-1.5 6.2 6.4 5.9-0.5 Portland, OR 46.3 46.1 43.2-2.9 24.2 21.5 19.7-1.8 Philadelphia, PA 95.0 103.3 97.0-6.4 38.0 38.2 34.2-4.0 Pittsburgh, PA 40.5 44.3 42.4-1.9 15.4 16.2 14.8-1.4 Providence, RI 18.7 20.9 19.5-1.4 8.3 8.2 7.5-0.7 Memphis, TN 14.6 16.4 15.0-1.5 5.7 5.8 5.2-0.6 Nashville, TN 32.9 37.9 34.5-3.4 13.7 14.1 13.1-1.0 Austin, TX 38.4 39.8 39.3-0.5 18.3 17.3 16.5-0.8 Dallas, TX 104.9 109.5 103.1-6.4 44.1 44.0 39.0-5.0 Houston, TX 64.3 72.6 69.2-3.4 29.5 31.2 26.8-4.5 San Antonio, TX 27.7 27.2 26.0-1.3 12.0 11.3 10.5-0.8 Salt Lake City, UT 24.1 25.0 23.6-1.4 9.5 9.4 9.0-0.4 Richmond, VA 20.4 21.2 20.4-0.8 8.6 8.3 8.0-0.3 Virginia Beach, VA 20.5 21.6 20.0-1.6 8.7 8.3 7.5-0.8 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 90.1 91.1 90.5-0.6 39.1 38.4 36.9-1.5 Milwaukee, WI 31.2 31.7 28.8-2.9 12.4 11.5 10.0-1.5 1. Total ads are all unduplicated ads appearing during the reference period. This figure includes ads from the previous months that have been reposted as well as new ads. 2. New ads are all unduplicated ads which did not appear during the previous reference period. An online help wanted ad is counted as "New" only in the month it first appears. 3. Metropolitan areas use the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions. M-O-M Change (Thousands) M-O-M Change (Thousands) 12

Table 6: MSA Labor Supply /Labor Demand Indicators, Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Unemployed Total Ads Supply/ Rate 2 (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 3 Location 4 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Aug-18 Aug-18 Aug-18 Aug-18 Birmingham, AL 2.48 2.64 2.46 3.5 19.0 14.1 1.35 Phoenix, AZ 2.72 2.93 2.71 4.3 100.6 67.6 1.49 Tucson, AZ 2.22 2.50 2.23 4.4 21.2 11.4 1.86 Los Angeles, CA 2.37 2.44 2.32 4.2 279.9 158.3 1.77 Riverside, CA 1.53 1.64 1.53 3.9 79.8 31.8 2.51 Sacramento, CA 2.63 2.42 2.30 3.6 38.9 25.6 1.52 San Diego, CA 3.09 2.93 2.82 3.1 48.9 44.2 1.11 San Francisco, CA 4.05 4.39 4.26 2.5 65.5 108.0 0.61 San Jose, CA 5.06 5.33 5.21 2.5 26.7 55.0 0.49 Denver, CO 4.25 4.28 4.03 3.3 55.0 67.8 0.81 Hartford, CT 4.20 3.96 3.83 3.9 24.5 25.5 0.96 Washington, DC 4.12 4.46 4.34 3.4 114.9 144.8 0.79 Jacksonville, FL 2.53 2.37 2.29 3.3 25.4 17.9 1.42 Miami, FL 2.03 2.13 2.01 3.6 111.1 64.2 1.73 Orlando, FL 2.71 2.80 2.58 3.2 43.2 36.5 1.18 Tampa, FL 2.81 2.67 2.48 3.4 52.3 39.4 1.33 Atlanta, GA 3.13 3.32 3.15 3.4 105.7 100.0 1.06 Honolulu, HI 2.91 2.70 2.62 2.1 9.7 13.1 0.74 Chicago, IL 2.91 3.02 2.84 3.9 187.9 145.8 1.29 Indianapolis, IN 2.87 2.94 2.70 3.4 36.7 31.1 1.18 Louisville, KY 2.44 2.55 2.30 3.9 25.9 16.4 1.58 New Orleans, LA 2.42 2.56 2.39 4.7 28.6 14.4 1.98 Baltimore, MD 3.33 3.44 3.26 4.2 63.9 51.1 1.25 Boston, MA 3.90 4.00 3.85 3.3 93.6 110.6 0.85 Detroit, MI 3.16 3.04 2.90 4.2 88.1 64.6 1.36 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 4.70 4.72 4.45 2.4 49.1 91.3 0.54 Kansas City, MO 3.34 3.43 3.14 3.2 36.2 37.9 0.95 St. Louis, MO 3.04 3.35 3.17 3.3 48.6 45.6 1.07 Las Vegas, NV 2.48 2.47 2.21 4.7 52.8 26.5 1.99 Buffalo, NY 2.98 2.89 2.87 4.5 25.0 15.3 1.63 New York, NY 2.85 2.81 2.71 4.0 401.9 275.4 1.46 Rochester, NY 2.66 2.44 2.43 4.3 22.4 11.9 1.87 Charlotte, NC 3.18 3.24 3.04 3.4 45.7 40.9 1.12 Cincinnati, OH 3.20 3.13 2.94 3.9 43.7 34.0 1.28 Cleveland, OH 2.93 2.76 2.61 5.1 53.1 28.4 1.87 Columbus, OH 3.22 3.08 2.89 3.8 40.6 33.0 1.23 Oklahoma City, OK 2.30 2.58 2.37 3.2 22.3 17.7 1.26 Portland, OR 3.50 3.51 3.29 3.6 47.7 42.1 1.13 Philadelphia, PA 3.07 3.33 3.13 4.2 131.7 101.5 1.30 Pittsburgh, PA 3.35 3.73 3.57 4.0 47.8 42.9 1.11 Providence, RI 2.73 3.00 2.80 3.9 27.2 20.4 1.33 Memphis, TN 2.30 2.55 2.32 4.3 27.8 16.3 1.71 Nashville, TN 3.23 3.68 3.35 2.8 29.3 36.5 0.80 Austin, TX 3.31 3.36 3.31 2.8 33.5 38.6 0.87 Dallas, TX 2.74 2.81 2.64 3.3 130.1 103.5 1.26 Houston, TX 1.93 2.13 2.03 4.1 138.1 67.6 2.04 San Antonio, TX 2.37 2.31 2.21 3.2 37.8 26.3 1.44 Salt Lake City, UT 3.66 3.76 3.55 3.2 21.2 24.6 0.86 Richmond, VA 3.01 3.10 2.98 3.0 20.8 21.0 0.99 Virginia Beach, VA 2.42 2.54 2.35 3.2 27.3 20.8 1.31 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 4.32 4.31 4.28 3.6 75.8 86.0 0.88 Milwaukee, WI 3.75 3.80 3.45 3.4 28.0 30.5 0.92 Total Ads Rate 1 (Percent) 1. Total ads rate is calculated as a percent of the most currently available BLS civilian labor force data. 2. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS and LAUS programs. 3. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 4. The Conference Board uses the 2015 OMB county-based MSA definitions for its data whereas the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses the OMB alternative NECTA (New England City and Town Areas) MSA definition. This will result in small comparison differences for some metropolitan areas in New England states. 13

Table 7: National Labor Supply/Labor Demand by Occupation 1, Seasonally Adjusted Total Ads M-O-M Change Unemployed 4 Supply/ (Thousands) (Thousands) Demand Rate 5 SOC 2 Occupation 3 Oct-17 Sep-18 Oct-18 Oct-Sep 18 Sep-18 Sep-18 Wage 6 Total 4,558.7 4,750.3 4,482.9-267.4 5,964.0 1.26 $24.34 11 Management 380.8 436.9 421.0-15.8 334.1 0.76 $57.65 13 Business and financial operations 275.5 308.9 307.7-1.1 188.7 0.61 $36.70 15 Computer and mathematical science 494.0 583.8 570.1-13.8 91.3 0.16 $43.18 17 Architecture and engineering 145.4 176.4 170.5-5.8 61.2 0.35 $41.44 19 Life, physical, and social science 62.3 72.0 72.4 0.5 31.5 0.44 $35.76 21 Community and social services 90.9 95.8 91.1-4.6 46.6 0.49 $23.10 23 Legal 21.5 26.4 26.0-0.5 9.9 0.37 $51.62 25 Education, training, and library 159.8 147.5 142.6-4.9 242.1 1.64 $26.67 27 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 94.0 94.5 90.4-4.1 106.8 1.13 $28.34 29 Healthcare practitioners and technical 599.4 520.7 500.3-20.4 167.3 0.32 $38.83 31 Healthcare support 115.1 113.4 106.9-6.5 121.6 1.07 $15.05 33 Protective service 53.5 71.7 64.0-7.8 46.2 0.64 $22.69 35 Food preparation and serving related 224.5 224.2 202.7-21.6 473.8 2.11 $11.88 37 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 101.4 93.2 89.3-3.8 304.0 3.26 $13.91 39 Personal care and service 53.6 48.6 45.9-2.7 242.3 4.98 $13.11 41 Sales and related 448.0 475.6 421.6-54.0 639.3 1.34 $19.56 43 Office and administrative support 480.5 491.4 458.1-33.3 582.0 1.18 $18.24 45 Farming, fishing, and forestry 7.9 7.7 8.0 0.3 56.3 7.28 $13.87 47 Construction and extraction 108.7 105.7 95.3-10.5 532.7 5.04 $24.01 49 Installation, maintenance, and repair 182.7 202.6 187.7-14.9 107.6 0.53 $23.02 51 Production 132.0 138.6 130.5-8.1 376.4 2.71 $18.30 53 Transportation and material moving 335.2 314.0 289.3-24.7 577.9 1.84 $17.82 1. All ads are coded to the 6-digit SOC level. 2. Standard Occupational Classification code (SOC) 3. Occupational categories use the 2010 OMB Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC definitions). 4. Unemployment data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Population Survey and seasonally adjusted by The Conference Board. 5. Supply/Demand rate is the number of Unemployed persons divided by the number of total ads and reflects the latest month for which unemployment data is available. 6. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program's May 2017 estimates. (Thousands) Average Hourly 14

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-18 Wage 2 Oct-18 Wage 2 Oct-18 Wage 2 United States 730,399 $47.04 1,680,662 $34.74 511,223 $14.03 Alabama 5,624 $43.67 17,190 $31.26 4,869 $11.77 Alaska 1,549 $46.02 5,694 $37.70 1,567 $17.13 Arizona 12,698 $41.29 31,612 $33.15 11,636 $14.24 Arkansas 3,844 $36.98 9,197 $27.52 2,604 $10.21 California 94,667 $51.64 199,285 $40.56 65,593 $15.88 Colorado 16,928 $46.73 40,927 $36.28 15,359 $14.59 Connecticut 10,369 $54.76 22,925 $38.05 4,455 $10.86 Delaware 3,443 $49.02 6,204 $24.31 1,405 $13.90 Florida 31,506 $42.07 71,940 $31.49 33,444 $13.56 Georgia 25,367 $45.49 53,909 $32.26 14,250 $12.20 Hawaii 2,420 $42.66 4,710 $31.05 4,015 $17.85 Idaho 2,531 $35.80 6,891 $28.23 2,648 $12.41 Illinois 35,011 $46.34 64,125 $34.18 18,082 $14.50 Indiana 9,297 $39.11 26,662 $30.14 9,261 $12.30 Iowa 6,890 $39.65 17,107 $29.45 6,529 $10.72 Kansas 4,924 $40.88 12,654 $28.65 3,686 $12.34 Kentucky 5,212 $38.10 14,381 $29.36 4,441 $12.00 Louisiana 4,667 $38.60 12,813 $28.03 4,446 $11.43 Maine 2,143 $39.95 7,014 $30.74 2,012 $13.56 Maryland 15,168 $50.07 42,800 $38.80 8,307 $14.93 Massachusetts 27,735 $53.81 59,439 $39.42 13,671 $16.81 Michigan 16,466 $44.45 46,744 $33.08 15,683 $13.14 Minnesota 19,399 $45.77 46,497 $34.72 15,807 $14.35 Mississippi 2,922 $35.80 6,958 $26.91 3,183 $11.33 Missouri 12,079 $42.01 34,049 $30.78 9,381 $12.46 Montana 1,683 $35.39 5,913 $27.36 2,442 $12.86 Nebraska 4,103 $39.24 10,129 $30.16 3,092 $13.31 Nevada 5,374 $43.99 12,870 $33.69 5,966 $14.25 New Hampshire 2,794 $47.04 8,182 $34.85 2,348 $14.26 New Jersey 27,719 $22.15 54,979 $38.02 12,773 $15.78 New Mexico 2,931 $39.22 10,914 $32.77 2,346 $12.52 New York 59,833 $58.44 100,433 $38.94 28,197 $16.18 North Carolina 20,660 $46.61 50,504 $31.87 13,599 $12.30 North Dakota 1,938 $40.04 6,050 $29.72 1,614 $14.42 Ohio 20,238 $42.44 50,104 $32.38 16,265 $12.94 Oklahoma 4,395 $39.44 12,497 $28.25 3,897 $12.11 Oregon 9,242 $43.47 24,911 $35.33 8,593 $14.78 Pennsylvania 30,961 $46.39 71,836 $33.19 23,159 $13.45 Rhode Island 2,752 $49.01 5,597 $36.27 1,674 $14.98 South Carolina 6,607 $40.00 19,006 $30.17 6,306 $11.85 South Dakota 1,800 $38.05 4,382 $27.22 1,619 $12.35 Tennessee 10,930 $40.26 24,544 $29.88 9,704 $12.17 Texas 50,578 $47.94 110,894 $27.92 34,107 $13.01 Utah 5,772 $39.18 15,186 $30.98 5,690 $12.68 Vermont 1,605 $38.99 4,617 $30.86 1,705 $15.32 Virginia 25,641 $50.30 71,249 $37.29 12,797 $13.84 Washington 22,174 $47.78 52,527 $38.40 15,030 $16.64 West Virginia 1,991 $36.73 6,965 $28.15 2,160 $11.94 Wisconsin 12,286 $41.28 30,924 $31.06 11,745 $13.00 Wyoming 1,239 $42.06 3,303 $27.79 765 $13.88 1. The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 15

Table 8: State Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-18 Wage 1 Oct-18 Wage 1 Oct-18 Wage 1 United States 928,255 $18.77 301,334 $23.14 450,449 $18.05 Alabama 9,905 $16.40 4,452 $20.85 7,683 $16.29 Alaska 2,489 $20.03 1,375 $30.69 888 $25.22 Arizona 19,193 $17.79 6,809 $21.05 6,995 $17.97 Arkansas 5,624 $15.87 2,394 $18.97 4,220 $16.00 California 111,290 $20.43 25,508 $24.42 35,319 $18.35 Colorado 23,528 $20.34 9,501 $23.30 9,405 $19.44 Connecticut 10,074 $21.66 2,637 $26.72 4,439 $19.96 Delaware 3,092 $18.48 1,121 $24.01 1,398 $17.08 Florida 54,421 $17.41 19,734 $19.52 17,736 $16.70 Georgia 28,540 $17.47 9,638 $20.77 15,818 $16.60 Hawaii 5,072 $18.53 1,429 $29.71 1,326 $21.79 Idaho 4,375 $16.43 2,189 $20.00 2,543 $16.94 Illinois 38,004 $19.07 8,231 $27.17 17,559 $18.15 Indiana 16,972 $17.33 5,332 $22.44 11,516 $17.57 Iowa 11,467 $17.28 4,993 $21.81 8,948 $17.65 Kansas 7,834 $17.26 2,848 $21.73 4,886 $18.51 Kentucky 9,742 $16.24 3,261 $21.77 6,630 $17.77 Louisiana 8,750 $15.46 3,889 $21.44 4,439 $19.34 Maine 3,555 $16.92 1,225 $20.87 1,867 $17.71 Maryland 16,108 $19.71 5,170 $24.21 6,111 $19.11 Massachusetts 25,552 $21.83 5,975 $28.13 8,400 $19.48 Michigan 27,290 $18.16 9,310 $12.83 14,919 $11.59 Minnesota 27,082 $19.98 7,541 $25.70 14,048 $19.02 Mississippi 5,826 $14.89 2,447 $19.62 4,345 $16.17 Missouri 17,135 $17.32 4,977 $23.28 9,222 $17.40 Montana 3,221 $16.52 1,772 $22.69 2,179 $18.78 Nebraska 5,772 $17.32 2,727 $21.32 3,778 $18.11 Nevada 9,011 $17.27 2,743 $24.23 3,350 $17.96 New Hampshire 5,398 $19.11 1,506 $23.54 2,520 $18.30 New Jersey 29,038 $20.44 7,594 $27.02 13,148 $18.22 New Mexico 4,021 $16.15 1,728 $20.72 2,096 $17.61 New York 54,651 $22.30 12,689 $28.14 18,455 $19.62 North Carolina 22,528 $17.84 10,689 $20.40 13,464 $16.15 North Dakota 3,024 $18.45 1,815 $25.70 2,337 $21.36 Ohio 31,723 $17.98 10,665 $22.63 21,682 $17.61 Oklahoma 8,258 $16.76 3,460 $21.02 5,523 $17.59 Oregon 13,980 $18.53 5,019 $23.59 7,516 $18.40 Pennsylvania 41,898 $18.57 13,734 $23.37 24,673 $18.04 Rhode Island 3,036 $20.19 946 $24.88 1,438 $17.76 South Carolina 11,210 $16.24 5,654 $20.13 6,515 $17.11 South Dakota 3,108 $16.25 1,189 $20.00 1,649 $16.31 Tennessee 18,075 $17.18 5,782 $20.59 10,388 $16.66 Texas 67,119 $18.63 25,187 $21.31 32,157 $18.65 Utah 10,982 $17.27 3,407 $21.54 5,474 $17.67 Vermont 2,168 $18.79 886 $21.92 1,339 $18.52 Virginia 22,716 $18.60 7,757 $22.47 8,706 $18.16 Washington 25,333 $20.67 9,179 $26.44 11,863 $21.33 West Virginia 3,849 $15.01 1,652 $21.46 2,870 $17.60 Wisconsin 20,841 $18.14 6,902 $23.59 16,471 $17.94 Wyoming 1,462 $17.33 1,137 $25.38 1,043 $23.20 1. Wage data are from the BLS Occupational Employment Statistics program's May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. 16

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay 1, Not Seasonally Adjusted Management and Business/Financial Professional & Related Service Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-18 Wage 2* Oct-18 Wage 2* Oct-18 Wage 2* United States 730,399 $47.04 1,680,662 $34.74 511,223 $14.03 Birmingham, AL 1,588 $45.16 4,409 $33.49 1,574 $12.39 Phoenix, AZ 10,131 $42.25 21,869 $33.95 8,260 $14.17 Tucson, AZ 1,315 $38.52 4,165 $32.59 1,630 $14.20 Los Angeles, CA 29,839 $50.66 54,070 $35.88 21,985 $15.58 Riverside, CA 3,392 $43.69 9,263 $35.17 5,290 $14.76 Sacramento, CA 3,635 $43.61 8,815 $38.66 2,953 $13.46 San Diego, CA 6,694 $49.12 16,504 $39.67 6,314 $15.80 San Francisco, CA 28,089 $59.23 44,264 $45.98 11,614 $17.47 San Jose, CA 11,687 $63.84 30,422 $50.62 4,173 $16.81 Denver, CO 11,920 $48.29 24,004 $38.30 8,408 $14.68 Hartford, CT 4,865 $50.93 10,689 $38.38 1,535 $15.81 Washington, DC 33,401 $56.10 75,384 $44.74 12,061 $16.22 Jacksonville, FL 2,566 $41.69 5,468 $31.26 2,389 $13.21 Miami, FL 10,064 $44.84 17,373 $32.19 9,763 $14.10 Orlando, FL 5,280 $41.85 10,836 $32.86 4,749 $13.28 Tampa, FL 5,903 $41.82 13,589 $31.69 4,633 $13.41 Atlanta, GA 20,345 $48.14 36,767 $34.32 8,577 $12.51 Honolulu, HI 1,810 $43.32 3,214 $34.79 2,254 $15.68 Chicago, IL 29,997 $48.00 48,943 $35.32 14,839 $14.74 Indianapolis, IN 4,231 $41.22 9,657 $33.11 3,174 $12.71 Louisville, KY 2,028 $40.02 5,219 $31.46 1,731 $12.46 New Orleans, LA 1,802 $39.85 4,941 $30.18 2,387 $11.73 Baltimore, MD 7,545 $48.71 23,023 $38.11 4,680 $14.79 Boston, MA 24,239 $55.91 46,910 $40.40 10,113 $17.13 Detroit, MI 8,883 $47.67 24,165 $35.38 7,269 $13.20 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 15,998 $47.89 33,341 $35.99 10,823 $14.64 Kansas City, MO 5,264 $43.87 12,688 $32.18 4,076 $13.16 St. Louis, MO 7,501 $44.97 20,320 $26.35 4,810 $12.98 Las Vegas, NV 3,601 $44.20 8,055 $33.93 3,965 $14.52 Buffalo, NY 2,434 $44.64 5,149 $31.81 1,727 $12.00 New York, NY 67,293 $61.08 105,243 $39.05 25,969 $16.51 Rochester, NY 1,622 $46.41 4,884 $31.52 1,598 $14.50 Charlotte, NC 8,343 $48.72 15,804 $33.46 3,534 $12.52 Cincinnati, OH 5,062 $44.02 11,574 $33.26 3,709 $10.81 Cleveland, OH 4,284 $43.66 8,926 $32.42 3,057 $13.36 Columbus, OH 5,221 $43.26 11,011 $34.62 2,870 $13.54 Oklahoma City, OK 2,179 $40.41 5,318 $29.78 1,598 $12.72 Portland, OR 6,901 $46.37 14,795 $37.31 5,203 $15.14 Philadelphia, PA 19,179 $50.81 37,073 $36.55 10,040 $14.40 Pittsburgh, PA 7,323 $44.95 14,796 $32.46 5,185 $13.00 Providence, RI 3,226 $47.78 7,207 $36.05 2,169 $15.02 Memphis, TN 2,265 $41.45 4,610 $31.15 1,435 $12.62 Nashville, TN 5,596 $42.08 11,196 $31.48 4,865 $12.46 Austin, TX 7,176 $45.86 15,801 $30.79 4,341 $13.75 Dallas, TX 19,526 $49.27 38,027 $35.87 9,839 $13.40 Houston, TX 12,216 $53.06 22,662 $38.26 7,138 $13.32 San Antonio, TX 3,957 $44.19 8,942 $32.89 3,199 $12.96 Salt Lake City, UT 3,757 $41.22 8,391 $33.11 2,500 $13.06 Richmond, VA 3,461 $45.21 8,577 $33.79 1,934 $13.29 Virginia Beach, VA 2,603 $43.58 7,944 $33.47 2,186 $13.15 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 16,925 $50.41 35,334 $42.09 9,559 $17.37 Milwaukee, WI 4,654 $45.17 10,329 $32.94 3,446 $13.01 1.The six occupational categories in tables 8 and 9 are the SOC manual's Intermediate and High-Level Aggregations. 2. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 17

Table 9: MSA Occupational Demand and Pay, Not Seasonally Adjusted - continued Sales and Office Construction and Maintenance Production and Transportation Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Total Ads Average Hourly Location Oct-18 Wage 2* Oct-18 Wage 2* Oct-18 Wage 2* United States 928,255 $18.77 301,334 $23.14 450,449 $18.05 Birmingham, AL 3,150 $18.33 1,007 $21.93 2,019 $16.29 Phoenix, AZ 14,552 $18.39 4,502 $21.65 5,197 $18.27 Tucson, AZ 2,342 $16.18 936 $20.28 694 $16.91 Los Angeles, CA 36,837 $20.34 6,808 $26.11 10,405 $17.46 Riverside, CA 8,536 $10.84 2,028 $24.45 4,359 $17.43 Sacramento, CA 6,025 $19.36 1,763 $25.87 2,093 $18.04 San Diego, CA 9,994 $19.80 2,573 $25.44 2,706 $17.85 San Francisco, CA 20,890 $23.88 3,820 $31.01 4,438 $21.98 San Jose, CA 7,769 $24.57 1,578 $29.53 1,763 $21.02 Denver, CO 13,994 $21.62 4,857 $24.08 5,065 $20.22 Hartford, CT 4,169 $21.42 1,060 $26.58 1,917 $19.82 Washington, DC 20,393 $21.48 5,691 $25.26 4,849 $20.36 Jacksonville, FL 3,793 $17.90 1,802 $19.93 1,733 $17.65 Miami, FL 17,699 $18.21 4,307 $20.39 4,196 $15.76 Orlando, FL 8,042 $17.06 2,761 $19.73 2,507 $16.28 Tampa, FL 8,288 $17.71 3,076 $19.43 2,897 $16.31 Atlanta, GA 19,469 $18.66 5,559 $21.93 8,388 $17.30 Honolulu, HI 3,512 $18.76 944 $30.44 931 $23.03 Chicago, IL 30,575 $19.79 5,704 $28.40 12,431 $18.15 Indianapolis, IN 6,843 $18.91 2,108 $22.85 3,764 $17.17 Louisville, KY 3,734 $17.38 1,204 $22.49 2,165 $18.64 New Orleans, LA 3,237 $16.12 1,197 $21.31 1,207 $19.79 Baltimore, MD 8,662 $19.84 2,854 $23.89 3,178 $19.42 Boston, MA 20,463 $22.65 4,157 $28.80 5,701 $19.83 Detroit, MI 12,279 $19.16 3,997 $24.76 5,855 $19.14 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN 20,367 $21.24 4,641 $27.19 8,555 $19.46 Kansas City, MO 8,075 $18.49 2,086 $24.09 3,936 $18.50 St. Louis, MO 9,295 $18.52 2,162 $25.56 3,927 $18.40 Las Vegas, NV 5,931 $17.14 1,539 $24.04 1,600 $17.80 Buffalo, NY 4,002 $18.42 1,199 $23.63 2,148 $18.25 New York, NY 53,948 $22.92 10,953 $29.48 16,728 $19.55 Rochester, NY 2,728 $18.76 1,007 $22.79 1,630 $17.87 Charlotte, NC 6,971 $19.60 2,696 $21.39 3,709 $17.22 Cincinnati, OH 7,437 $18.94 2,168 $22.75 4,024 $18.00 Cleveland, OH 6,249 $19.01 2,029 $23.95 3,370 $17.95 Columbus, OH 6,800 $18.50 2,105 $22.42 4,172 $17.21 Oklahoma City, OK 3,801 $17.76 1,544 $21.53 2,063 $17.09 Portland, OR 9,296 $19.81 2,958 $25.48 4,685 $19.28 Philadelphia, PA 20,758 $20.34 5,420 $26.02 7,586 $18.53 Pittsburgh, PA 9,546 $18.23 2,869 $23.60 4,960 $18.17 Providence, RI 4,281 $19.50 1,350 $25.12 2,051 $17.71 Memphis, TN 3,546 $17.78 1,086 $20.53 2,333 $16.28 Nashville, TN 7,848 $18.45 2,295 $21.49 3,599 $17.34 Austin, TX 7,756 $20.36 2,348 $20.58 2,171 $16.82 Dallas, TX 21,957 $19.76 6,251 $21.43 9,362 $17.44 Houston, TX 14,914 $19.73 5,627 $22.92 6,756 $20.32 San Antonio, TX 5,387 $17.64 2,290 $20.15 2,650 $17.05 Salt Lake City, UT 5,947 $18.36 1,668 $22.29 2,576 $17.93 Richmond, VA 3,894 $18.66 1,537 $22.06 1,540 $17.02 Virginia Beach, VA 4,159 $16.91 1,808 $21.98 1,542 $18.62 Seattle-Tacoma, WA 16,752 $22.11 5,242 $28.20 7,262 $22.73 Milwaukee, WI 6,075 $19.89 1,785 $25.42 3,693 $18.21 1. Wage data are from the BLS OES program' s May 2017 estimates. The OES major occupational group wage data has been weighted to form the higher level aggregates. * indicates that a wage estimate either is not available or is greater than $90.00 per hour or $187,200 per year 18

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