Annual Report According to the Article 8 (2) of Council Common Position 2008/1944/CFSP defining Common Rules governing Control of Exports of Military Technology and Equipment NATIONAL REPORT OF FINLAND FOR 2013 1. REPORTING PERIOD AND SCOPE Reporting period is the year 2013, 1.1.-31.12.2013. This report covers commercial exports by the Finnish defence industry authorised under the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. 2. LEGAL BASIS AND NATIONAL LICENSING GUIDELINES The basic principles, policies and national practices on export, transit and arms brokering of conventional arms and related technology are outlined in the relevant Finnish legislation: the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. The export of defence materiel and its transit is allowed only if authorisation (an export licence) has been granted. Provisions on controlling arms brokering are incorporated into the Act on the Export of Defence Materiel. The guiding principle is simple; the same controls apply to brokering as apply to export and transit of defence materiel. Authorisation for export, transit or arms brokering will not be granted if it jeopardises Finland s security or is in contradiction with Finland s foreign policy. All applications are examined on a case-by-case basis based on an overall assessment. The following factors shall be taken into account in the overall assessment of licence applications: - foreign and security policy aspects, including the relevant UN, OSCE, EU and other international obligations be they decisions on arms embargoes, multilateral restraints, criteria, principles or guidelines of multilateral export control regimes - an analysis of the situation prevailing in the recipient country, especially with regard to human rights, including attitudes of other States vis-à-vis the recipient country - the characteristics, intended use and military significance of the item to be exported - the significance of the item and export in relation to the materiel preparedness of Finnish national defence and to the development of domestic defence industry. 1
The EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports is incorporated into the Finnish legislation. In ambiguous cases, a restrictive approach is preferred. If the export of the item in question, by virtue of its characteristics and significance, will not lead to, or in all likelihood will not to be used in violations of human rights, offensive armed action or other comparable unacceptable purposes inside or outside the recipient country, the granting of a licence may be recommended if the overall assessment on all other accounts is favourable and if the formal licensing requirements have been met. There are specific rules for the export licensing of components and sub-systems of any defence equipment. Legislation on arms brokering came into force in Finland on December 1st, 2002. Provisions on controlling arms brokering were incorporated into the Act on the Export and Transit of Defence Materiel. Finnish legislation is in full compliance with the Common Position on arms brokering adopted by Council of the European Union in June 2003. The provisions on arms brokering also implement the provisions of the UN Firearms Protocol and the OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons as well as the norms set out in the UN Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) maintains a database of all licences granted. The licences are public documents in Finland and available for reading or photocopying at the MoD registry. The MoD publishes detailed statistics of all licences granted on an annual basis. The relevant Finnish legislation is as follows: Act on the Export of Defence Materiel (282/2012) - a concise framework law stipulating the authorisation and procedure as well as sanctions in case of violations - implements the EU Common List of Military Equipment - establishes the following responsibilities for various authorities: 1. Ministry of Defence (MoD): licensing authority 2. Council of State (Council of Ministers): grants licences for all major exports 3. Ministry for Foreign Affairs (MFA): advises on foreign and security policy considerations 4. Customs: enforcement 2
3. EXPORT LICENCES OF DEFENCE MATERIEL IN 2013¹ Country of destination ML Category 2 Number of Total amount Unit Total value of licences licences (kg/m/pcs) granted by destination (EUR) Australia ML1a 1 20 pcs ML1d 2 1000 pcs ML7f 2 11 pcs 350 166,96 Austria 1 300000 pcs 237 000,00 Bahrain ML7f 1 17000 pcs 1 306 262,77 Bangladesh ML11a 1 51 pcs 764 490,00 Belgium ML1d 2 93 pcs 2 301060 pcs ML8 1 15000 kg ML15d 1 62 pcs 1 965 122,20 Brazil ML7f 1 54 pcs 4 164,00 Brunei ML9 1 1 pcs 430 000,00 Canada ML1a 1 350 pcs ML1d 2 58 pcs 1 100 pcs 536 414,00 Chile 1 4000 pcs ML4a 1 33531 pcs ML7f 2 1338 pcs 1 336 226,08 China ML6a 1 3 pcs 1 150 pcs 1 005 750,00 Colombia ML11ag 1 20 pcs 33 600,00 Croatia ML7f 2 51 pcs 57 450,00 Czech Republic ML1a 1 30 pcs 1 200000 pcs ML13c 1 50 pcs 1 200 pcs 248 125,00 Denmark ML1a 2 175 pcs ML1d 2 20 pcs 2 900600 pcs ML13c 1 5 pcs 2 515 pcs 1 248 508,00 Estonia ML1a 3 3 pcs 1 100000 pcs 1 1000 pcs 593 688,00 France ML1d 2 300 pcs 2 500220 pcs ML8 3 237600 kg 3
ML13c 2 640 pcs 2 355 pcs 6 675 722,00 Georgia 1 420000 pcs 870 000,00 Germany 2 1500400 pcs ML5b 1 1 pcs 2 2000 pcs ML15d 1 2 pcs ML21b 1 1 pcs 3 601 358,60 Greece 1 100000 pcs 79 000,00 Hungary 2 102100 pcs ML13c 1 500 pcs 3 4425 pcs 1 957 670,00 Iceland 1 100000 pcs 79 000,00 India ML7f 1 59 pcs ML21b3 1 1 pcs 200 295,59 Ireland ML1a 1 94 pcs 1 250000 pcs 342 300,00 Italy ML1d 1 1 pcs 2 1026000 pcs ML13a 1 2000 pcs 1 1000 pcs ML11 1 172 pcs 2 045 975,00 Kazakhstan ML1a 3 50 pcs 1 20000 pcs ML13c 1 100 pcs 1 200 pcs 341 900,00 Latvia 1 100000 pcs 79 000,00 Lithuania 1 3640 pcs 4 212,00 Luxembourg 1 400000 pcs 316 000,00 Malaysia ML3 1 20 pcs 1 4793 pcs ML7f 2 17832 pcs ML8 1 5900 kg 1 916 886,92 Netherlands ML1d 2 125 pcs 1 200000 pcs ML14 1 2 pcs 205 225,00 New Zealand ML1a 2 11 pcs ML1d 1 2 pcs 14 810,00 Norway ML1a 1 5 pcs ML3 1 2300 pcs 3 2050400 pcs ML4 1 2000 pcs 4
ML4a 2 1250 pcs ML9a 1 2 pcs 5 648 200,00 Oman ML7 1 8 pcs ML11a 1 31 pcs 288 380,00 Panama 2 1340 pcs 379 570,00 Poland ML1a 1 250 pcs 1 600000 pcs 749 000,00 Portugal 1 30000 pcs 30 900,00 Qatar ML11 1 2 pcs 28 800,00 Romania 1 300000 pcs 237 000,00 Russia ML1a 1 140 pcs 2 37900 pcs ML6 1 385245 kg 1 480 627,27 Saudi Arabia ML7f 1 126000 pcs 501 795,00 Singapore ML7f 1 1764 pcs 21 168,00 Slovakia ML1a 1 11 pcs 1 350000 pcs 301 500,00 Slovenia ML1a 1 1 pcs 1 100000 pcs 85 147,00 South Africa ML1a 1 150 pcs 1 25400 pcs ML22a 1 4 pcs 412 002,00 South Korea 1 29317 pcs ML11 3 5 pcs ML13a 1 300000 kg 894 980,10 Spain ML1d 1 1 pcs 1 600000 pcs ML13c 2 4000 pcs 1 476 pcs 1 424 243,00 Sweden ML1a 3 72 pcs ML3 2 13200 pcs 5 8157997 pcs ML6a 2 126 pcs ML8 2 605 kg ML9 1 1 pcs ML9a 1 4 pcs ML13c 1 20 pcs 2 3010 pcs ML15b 2 24 pcs 280 753 131,50 Switzerland ML1a 1 5 pcs 2 351000 pcs 278 745,00 Taiwan ML7f 2 81 pcs 613,60 5
Thailand 1 30090 pcs ML11 1 5 pcs 88 100,00 Turkey ML7e1 1 260 pcs ML13a 1 3000000 kg 1 3000 pcs 8 768 570,00 Ukraine ML7f 1 7 pcs 625,00 United Arab Emirates ML1a 1 6 pcs 1 10800 pcs 2 260 pcs 121 070,00 United Kingdom 2 1154400 pcs ML7f 13 4628065 pcs ML9a 1 1 pcs ML18 1 9 pcs 9 425 552,49 United States ML1a 1 1000 pcs ML1d 1 2 pcs 4 3033200 pcs ML4a 4 12740 pcs ML6 1 1 pcs ML7f 2 13045 pcs ML13a 1 10000 pcs 3 443 456,85 Vietnam ML7f 2 1010 pcs 26 086,70 TOTAL 215 344 235 585,63 1. N.B. Figures given under this item only include export licences granted in 2012 for commercial exports by the Finnish defence industry. Figures above do not include uncomme rcial exports for the Finnish Defence Forces' purposes, temporary export licences, transit licences nor responses to prior enquiries. 2. See p.24 for brief descriptions of EU Common Military List categories. 3. This number includes two (2) general licences which each concern several countries of destination. Due to the statistical representation of showing licences by country of destination, this number (215 pcs) is higher than the actual number of licences granted. 6
4. ACTUAL EXPORTS OF DEFENCE MATERIEL 2013 Country of destination ML category Definition on material Value/category by destination (EUR) Total value of arms exports by destination by destination (EUR) Share of total exports (%) Afganistan* Australia ML1d Silencers and accessories 144 265,00 144 265,00 0,06 % 7 179 525,00 576 154,20 ML7f Protective and equipment 1 315,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 4 320,00 761 314,20 0,34 % Austria 9 186,20 9 186,20 0,00 % Bahrain ML7f Protective and equipment 10 400,53 10 400,53 0,00 % Bangladesh ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 764 490,00 764 490,00 0,34 % ML1d Silencers and accessories Belgium ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances. 476 500,00 4 470,00 24 000,00 504 970,00 0,23 % Brunei ML9 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially 4 390 000,00 4 390 000,00 1,96 %
. Canada ML1d Silencers and accessories ML2a ML6a 37 273,00 Mortars and accessories components therefore 9 830 189,21 Military vehicles 2 057,00 73 759,00 9 943 278,21 4,44 % Central Africa* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 5 400,00 25 400,00 30 800,00 0,01 % ML4a Bombs, torpedoes, Chile rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 1 593 057,81 ML7f Protective and equipment 53 542,51 1 646 600,32 0,74 % Colombia ML15b Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. 247 620,00 247 620,00 0,11 % Croatia ML6a Military vehicles ML7f Czech Republic 44 921,76 Protective and equipment 57 450,00 102 371,76 0,05 % 106 987,75 Denmark ML1d Silencers and accessories 1 858,00 108 845,75 0,05 % 14 751,00 8
57 987,00 Estonia ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML11 370,00 73 108,00 0,03 % 8 688,00 747,50 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 24 000,00 France ML1d Silencers and accessories 295 359,00 328 794,50 0,15 % ML4a ML8 ML10c2 ML11 ML13c 1 806,00 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 4 423,50 "Energetic materials", and related substances. Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor 4 124 031,24 8 820,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 36 010,00 Helmets and specially therefor 144 779,00 Georgia 7 842,00 4 327 711,74 1,93 % 634 196,00 634 196,00 0,28 % 9
Germany ML1d Silencers and accessories ML5b ML10c2 1 884,00 214 906,80 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. 272 500,00 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor 466 394,00 ML21 ML21b 3 624,00 "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development", "production" "use" of equipment or materials controlled by the EU Common Military List. 259 366,49 Software 1 121 044,88 2 339 720,17 1,04 % Ghana* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 3 381,00 Hungary 13 781,00 17 162,00 0,01 % 5 370,00 251 840,00 257 210,00 0,11 % India ML7f Protective and equipment 369,89 369,89 0,00 % Indonesia ML7f Protective and equipment 423,60 423,60 0,00 % 10
Italy ML1d Silencers and accessories ML11 ML13a 390,00 91 613,50 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 533 000,00 Armoured plate 7 196,00 ML13c* * 999,00 Helmets and specially therefor 12 168,50 Japan 18 836,40 664 203,40 0,30 % 1 366,50 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 119 400,00 120 766,50 0,05 % Kazakhstan 10 008,00 15 280,00 25 288,00 0,01 % Kenya* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 1 428,00 2 652,00 4 080,00 0,00 % Lebanon* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 25 420,00 11 110 620,00 136 040,00 0,06 %
Lithuania Luxembourg 4 212,00 4 212,00 0,00 % 2 343,63 2 343,63 0,00 % Malaysia ML3 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, and specially designed components therefor 800,00 ML7f ML8 1 474 997,82 Protective and equipment 46 799,00 "Energetic materials", and related substances. 381 135,10 1 903 731,92 0,85 % Mali* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 460,00 Mauritius* Netherlands ML1d Silencers and accessories 13 140,00 15 600,00 0,01 % 9 084,00 9 084,00 0,00 % 9 895,00 359,00 ML14 Specialised equipment for military training or for simulating military scenarios, simulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled by ML1 or ML2, and specially designed components and accessories therefor. 9 330,00 19 584,00 0,01 % New Zealand ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML1d Silencers and accessories 3 900,00 25 367,36 12
Norway ML1d Silencers and accessories 5 313,60 34 580,96 0,02 % ML4a 1 058,50 354 153,42 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 2 143,32 200,00 357 555,24 0,16 % Oman ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 259 780,00 259 780,00 0,12 % Panama ML13c* * 14 300,00 Helmets and specially therefor 936,00 Poland ML1d Silencers and accessories 2 556,00 17 792,00 0,01 % ML6a Military vehicles 2 161,40 3 165,20 33 208 287,50 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 56 850,00 33 270 464,10 14,85 % Portugal 30 900,00 30 900,00 0,01 % 13
Qatar ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 28 800,00 28 800,00 0,01 % Russia ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML13a Armoured plate 3 500,00 139 485,00 866 673,94 1 009 658,94 0,45 % Singapore ML7 Chemical or biological toxic agents, "tear gases", radioactive materials, related equipment, components, materials and "technology." 28 600,00 ML7f Protective and equipment 21 240,00 49 840,00 0,02 % Slovenia 492,00 492,00 0,00 % Somalia* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 36 573,50 South Africa ML1d Silencers and accessories 139 115,50 175 689,00 0,08 % 7 359,50 63 102,00 ML22a "Technology" for the "development", "production" or "use" of items controlled in the EU Common Military List, other than that "technology" controlled in ML7. 135 900,00 206 361,50 0,09 % South Korea 155 380,10 14
ML11 ML13a Electronic equipment, not components therefor 34 600,00 Armoured plate Spain ML1d Silencers and accessories 53 040,00 243 020,10 0,11 % ML5b 243,60 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. 100 000,00 36 813,00 137 056,60 0,06 % Sudan* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 9 045,00 Sweden ML1d Silencers and accessories 40 780,00 49 825,00 0,02 % ML3 ML4a ML6a 6 147,60 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, and specially designed components therefor 745 800,00 341 713,10 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 24 000,00 Military vehicles ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances. 142 689 079,00 395,00 15
ML9 ML9 ML11 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially. 380 000,00 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially. 610 000,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 46 180,00 28 988,00 ML15b Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. 407 400,00 ML15f Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. 3 000,00 145 282 702,70 64,86 % Switzerland ML1d Silencers and accessories ML13c* * 736,00 12 774,16 Helmets and specially therefor 14 240,00 77 316,00 105 066,16 0,05 % Syria* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 700,00 16 10 800,00 13 500,00 0,01 %
Taiwan ML7f Protective and equipment 533,60 533,60 0,00 % Thailand 43 500,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 44 600,00 88 100,00 0,04 % Turkey ML7f Protective and equipment 22 000,00 ML11 ML13a Electronic equipment, not components therefor 5 780,00 Armoured plate 1 222 312,50 1 250 092,50 0,56 % Ukraine ML7f Protective and equipment 455,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 21 400,00 21 855,00 0,01 % United Arab Emirates ML2a Mortars and accessories components therefore 160,00 ML11 ML13c* 20 170,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 22 800,00 Helmets and specially therefor 1 524,00 17
* United Kingdom ML1d Silencers and accessories 94 800,00 139 454,00 0,06 % ML7f ML9a ML10c2 33 540,00 Protective and equipment 1 985 162,94 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories, and components therefor, specially. 4 500 000,00 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor 15 220,00 ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 81 510,00 6 615 432,94 2,95 % United States ML1a Sniper rifles and accessories ML2a ML4a ML7f ML7f ML10c2 ML11 920 641,42 Mortars and accessories components therefore 16 117,23 1 219 782,34 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges 613 419,32 Protective and equipment 5 139,32 Protective and equipment 14 512,70 Unmanned aircraft & equipment therefor 4 758,00 Electronic equipment, not components therefor 2 237 507,80 18
ML13a Armoured plate 20 070,00 5 051 948,13 2,26 % Yemen* ML13c Helmets and specially therefor 2 883,60 10 203,00 13 086,60 0,01 % TOTAL 224 001 358,39 100,00 % *For United Nations mandated or other international missions 5. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY REGION Region Number of export licences Value of licences Value of actual exports Share of total actual exports North Africa 0 0 0,00 0,00 % Sub-Saharan Africa 3 412 002,00 206 361,50 0,09 % North America 18 3 979 870,85 14 995 226,34 6,72 % Central America and the C 2 379 570,00 14 300,00 0,01 % South America 6 1 373 990,08 1 894 220,32 0,85 % Central Asia 6 341 900,00 25 288,00 0,01 % North East Asia 13 3 381 970,97 1 373 979,14 0,62 % South East Asia 11 2 482 241,62 6 432 095,52 2,88 % South Asia 3 964 785,59 764 859,89 0,34 % European Union 118 312 662 829,79 194 048 304,59 86,95 % Other European countries 15 6 876 570,00 1 027 116,40 0,46 % Middle East 12 11 014 877,77 1 592 203,03 0,71 % Oceania 8 364 976,96 795 895,16 0,36 % TOTAL 215 344 235 586 223 169 849,89 100 % 19
6. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY COUNTRY 20
7. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY PRODUCT CATEGORY ML category Number of export licences Value of licences (EUR) Value of actual exports (EUR) Share of total actual exports % 1 42 3 641 253,48 1 735 367,38 0,77 % 2 - - 9 846 466,44 4,40 % 3 59 18 407 718,12 6 333 493,82 2,83 % 4 8 2 675 688,87 2 237 043,95 1,00 % 5 1 167 500,00 372 500,00 0,17 % 6 5 274 593 855,27 176 016 047,26 78,58 % 7 35 7 228 419,69 2 247 944,09 1,00 % 8 7 6 319 544,60 4 529 561,34 2,02 % 9 5 10 160 000,00 9 880 000,00 4,41 % 10 - - 495 192,00 0,22 % 11 9 1 653 855,00 4 321 027,80 1,93 % 12 - - - - 13 35 16 027 522,00 3 803 052,94 1,70 % 14 1 9 330,00 9 330,00 0,00 % 15 4 1 384 800,00 658 020,00 0,29 % 16 - - - - 17 - - - - 18 1 25 000,00 - - 19 - - - - 20 - - - - 21 2 1 805 198,60 1 380 411,37 0,62 % 22 1 135 900,00 135 900,00 0,06 % TOTAL 215 344 235 585,63 224 001 358,39 100,00 % 21
8. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS IN 2013 BY PRODUCT (M ) 200 000 000,00 180 000 000,00 160 000 000,00 140 000 000,00 120 000 000,00 Military vehicles Vessels of war Smooth-bore weapons 20mm 100 000 000,00 80 000 000,00 60 000 000,00 Ammunition "Energetic materials" Other 40 000 000,00 20 000 000,00 0,00 22
9. DEFENCE MATERIEL EXPORTS AND VALUE OF THE LICENCES IN YEARS 2003-2013 (M ) 400,00 350,00 300,00 250,00 M ( ) 200,00 150,00 100,00 Actual Exports Licences 50,00 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Year Actual Exports Licences 2003 48,56 102,27 2004 41,59 160,00 2005 103,10 44,03 2006 53,44 85,89 2007 74,74 56,53 2008 93,26 337,26 2009 86,84 186,61 2010 58,77 61,2 2011 101,45 175,17 2012 113,04 64,41 2013 224,00 344,24 23
10. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF EU COMMON MILITARY LIST CATEGORIES For the full Common Military List of the European Union, see Official Jo urnal of the European Union C 90/1 of 27 March 2013 ML1 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of less than 20 mm, other arms and automatic weapons with a calibre of 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches) or less and accessories, components therefor. ML2 Smooth-bore weapons with a calibre of 20 mm or more, other weapons or armament with a calibre greater than 12,7 mm (calibre 0,50 inches), projectors and accessories, and specially therefor. ML3 Ammunition and fuze setting devices, components therefor. ML4 Bombs, torpedoes, rockets, missiles, other explosive devices and charges and related equipment and accessories, specially, components therefor. ML5 Fire control, and related alerting and warning equipment, and related systems, test and alignment and countermeasure equipment, specially designed for milit ary use, and specially and accessories therefor. ML6 Ground vehicles and components. ML7 Chemical or biological toxic agents, "tear gases", radioactive materials, related equipment, components, materials and "technology." ML8 "Energetic materials", and related substances. ML9 Vessels of war, special naval equipment and accessories,, specially. ML10 "Aircraft", unmanned airborne vehicles, aero-engines and "aircraft" equipment, related equipment and components, specially designed or modified for military use. ML11 Electronic equipment, not components therefor. ML12 High velocity kinetic energy weapon systems and related equipment, components therefor. ML13 Armoured or protective equipment and constructions and components. ML14 Specialised equipment for military training or for simulating military scenarios, si mulators specially designed for training in the use of any firearm or weapon controlled by ML1 or ML2, and specially and accessories therefor. ML15 Imaging or countermeasure equipment, specially, and specially and accessories therefor. ML16 Forgings, castings and other unfinished products the use of which in a controlled product is identifiable by material composition, geometry or function, and which are specially designed for any products controlled by ML1 to ML4, ML6, ML9, ML10, ML12 or ML19. ML17 Miscellaneous equipment, materials and libraries, components therefor. ML18 Equipment for the production of products referred to in List. ML19 Directed energy weapon systems (DEW), related or countermeasure equipment and test models, components therefor. ML20 Cryogenic and "superconductive" equipment, components and accessories therefor. ML21 "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development ", "production" "use" of equipment or materials controlled by List. ML22 "Technology" for the "development ", "production" or "use" of items controlled in the EU Common Military List, other than that "technology" controlled in ML7. 24