AAlu. DETENTE A Documentary Record Charles E.Timberlake PRAEGER PUBLISHERS Praeger Special Studies New York London Sydney Toronto
CONTENTS Preface Abbreviations Page vii xvii Chapter I THE MOSCOW SUMMIT MEETING: MAY 23 TO 29,1972 1 Introduction 1 Notes 4 Documents 6 1. Agreement on Environmental Protection. Signed May 23, 1972. TIAS 7345; UST 23.1.845; DSB 6-26-1972,921-3. 6 2. Agreement on Medical Science and Public Health. Signed May 23, 1972. TIAS 7344;UST 23.1.836; DSB 6-26-1972,923-24. 8 3. Agreement on Cooperation in Space. Signed May 24,1972. TIAS 7347; UST 23.1.867; DSB 6-26-1972,924-25. 9 4. Agreement on Science and Technology. Signed May 24,1972. TIAS 7346; UST 23.1.856; DSB 6-26-1972,925-26. 10 5. Agreement on Prevention of Incidents at Sea. Signed May 25, 1972. TIAS 7379; UST 23.1.1168; DSB 6-26-1972,926-27. 11 6. Communique Regarding Joint U.S.-USSR Commercial Commission. Signed May 26, 1972. With terms of reference and rules of procedure: Signed August 1, 1972. TIAS 8116; UST 26.2.1334; DSB 6-26-1972, 898. 13 7. Treaty on the Limitation of Antiballistic Missile Systems. Signed May 26, 1972. TIAS 7503; UST 23.4.3435; DSB 6-26-1972,918-20. 14 8. Interim Agreement on Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. Signed May 26, 1972. TIAS 7504;UST 23.4.3462; DSB 6-26-1972, 920-21. 22 9. Basic Principles of Relations between the United States and the USSR. Signed May 29,1972. DSB 6-26-1972, 898-99. 28. Chapter II THE INTERIM BETWEEN THE MOSCOW AND WASHINGTON SUMMIT MEETINGS: MAY 1972 TO JUNE 1973 31 Introduction 31 Notes 32
Page Documents 33 10. Agreement on Soviet Purchase of Grains in the United States. Signed July 8,1972. TIAS 7423;UST 23.2.1447. 33 11. Announcement and Record of Discussions Regarding the U.S.-USSR Commission on Scientific and Technical Cooperation. Signed July 28,1972. DSB 8-21-1972, 214-17. 37 12. Terms of Reference and Rules of Procedure for the Joint Commercial Commission Created May 26,1972. Signed August 1,1972. TIAS 8116; UST 26.2.1334. 40 13. Memorandum of Implementation of the Environmental Agreement of May 23,1972. Signed September 21, 1972. DSB 10-16-1972, 451-55. 43 14. White House Fact Sheet Regarding Maritime Agreement. Issued October 14,1972. DSB 12-4-1972,661-64. 48 15. Agreement Regarding Maritime Matters. Signed October 14, 1972. TIAS 7513; UST 23.4.3573; DSB 12-4-1972, 664-70. 51 16. Agreement on Trade. Signed October 18,1972. DSB 11-20-1972, 595-603. 58 17. Agreement on the Establishment of a Temporary Purchasing Commission. Signed October 18,1972. TIAS 7772; UST 25.1.6. 66 18. Agreement Regarding Settlement of Lend-Lease, Reciprocal Aid and Claims. Signed October 18,1972. TIAS 7478; UST 23.3.2910; DSB 11-20-1972, 603-4. 70 19. Presidential Determination of Export-Import Bank Credits for the USSR. Done October 18,1972. DSB 11-20-1972,604. 71 20. Announcement of Agreement on Chancery Construction of December 4,1972. DSB 12-25-1972, 726-27. 72 21. Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of a Standing Consultative Commission. Signed December 21, 1972. TIAS 7545; UST 24.1.238. 73 22. Text of Act of Conference of March 2, 1973. DSB 3-26-1973, 345-47. 75 23. Announcement of First U.S.-USSR Scientific and Technical Com- mission Meeting. March 21,1973. DSB 5-7-1973, 584-85. 78 24. Protocol to the Agreement on the Prevention of Incidents on and over the High Seas Signed May 25,1972. Signed May 22,1973. TIAS 7624; UST 24.1.1063. 80 25. Protocol, with Regulations, Regarding the Standing Consultative Commission on Arms Limitation. Signed May 30,1973. TIAS 7637, UST 24.1.1124. 81
Page Chapter HI THE WASHINGTON SUMMIT MEETING: JUNE 18 TO 25,1973 83 Introduction 83 Note 84 Documents 85 26. Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Agriculture. Signed June 19, 1973. TIAS 7650; UST 24.2.1439; DSB 7-23-1973, 161-62 85 27. Agreement on Cooperation in Studies of the World Ocean. Signed June 19, 1973. TIAS 7651; UST 24.2.1452; DSB 7-23-1973, 163-64 87 28. Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Transportation. Signed June 19, 1973. TIAS 7652;UST 24.2.1463;DSB 7-23-1973, 164-65. 88 29. General Agreement on Contacts, Exchanges, and Cooperation. Signed June 19, 1973. TIAS 7649; UST 24.2.1395;DSB 7-23-1973 165-69. 89 30. Convention on Matters of Taxation. Signed June 20,1973. TIAS 8225; UST 27.1.1;DSB 7-23-1973,169-73. 93 31. Basic Principles of Negotiations on the Further Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. Signed June 21,1973. TIAS 7653; UST 24.2.1472; DSB 7-23-1973,158. 97 32. Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. Signed June 21,1973. TIAS 7655;UST 24.2.1486,DSB 7-23-1973,159-60. 98 33. Announcement of Fisheries Agreement Signed at Copenhagen. Signed June 21,1973. DSB 7-30-1973,194-95. 100 34. Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War. Signed June 22, 1973. TIAS 7654; UST 24.2.1478; DSB 7-23-1973,160-61. 1O1 35. Protocol on a U.S.-USSR Chamber of Commerce. Signed June 22, 1973. TIAS 7656; UST 24.2.1498; DSB 7-23-1973,173. 102 36. Protocol on Commercial Facilities. Signed June 22, 1973. TIAS 7657; UST 24.2.1501; DSB 7-23-1973, 173-74. 102 37. Protocol on Expansion of Air Services. Signed June 23,1973. TIAS 7658; UST 24.2.1506; DSB 7-23-1973,174-75. 103 38. Joint U.S.-USSR Communique. Signed June 24,1973. DSB 7-23-1973,130-34. 105
Chapter IV THE INTERIM BETWEEN THE WASHINGTON SUMMIT AND THE SECOND MOSCOW SUMMIT MEETING: JULY 1973 TO JUNE 1974 l u Page Introduction 111 Note 112 Documents 113 39. Announcement of Opening of U.S. Consulate General in Leningrad. July 6,1973. DSB 7-30-1973,189. 113 40. Protocol Relating to a Trade Representation of the USSR in Washington and a Commercial Office of the United States in Moscow. Signed October 3,1973. TIAS 7738; UST 24.2.2222. 114 41. The Middle East Crisis of October 1973 115 A. Statement by John Scali, United States Representative to the United Nations October 21,1973. DSB 11-12-1973, 599-600. 115 B. Security Council Resolution 242. Adopted November 22, 1967. DSB 12-18-1967,843. 116 C. Security Council Resolution 338. Adopted October 22, 1973. DSB 11-12-1973,604. 116 Chapter V THE SECOND MOSCOW SUMMIT MEETING: JUNE 28 TO JULY 3,1974 117 Introduction 117 Documents 119 42. Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Energy. Signed June 28, 1974. TIAS 7899; UST 25.2.1604; DSB 7-29-1974,219-21. 119 43. Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Housing and Other Construction. Signed June 28,1974. TIAS 7898; UST 25.2.1592; DSB 7-29-1974,221-22. 121 44. Agreement on Cooperation in Artificial Heart Research and Development. Signed June 28,1974. TIAS 7867;UST 25.2.1331;DSB 7-29- 1974,222-23. 122 45. Long Term Agreement to Facilitate Economic, Industrial, and Technical Cooperation. Signed June 29,1974. TIAS 7910; UST 25.2.1782; DSB 7-29-1974, 219. 124 46. Protocol to the Treaty on the Limitation of Antiballistic Missile Systems. Signed July 3,1974. TIAS 8276; UST 27.2.1651; DSB 7-29-1974,216-17. 125
Documents 47. Treaty and Protocol on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests. Signed July 3,1974. DSB 7-29-1974, 217-18. 126 48. Joint Statement on the Dangers of Military Use of Environmental Modification. Signed July 3,1974. DSB 7-29-1974,185. 128 49. Joint U.S.-Soviet Communique. July 3,1974. DSB 7-29-1974, 185-91. 128 Page Chapter VI FROM THE SECOND MOSCOW SUMMIT MEETING TO THE VLADIVOSTOK AGREEMENT: JULY TO NOVEMBER 1974 135 Introduction 135 Notes 136 Documents 137 50. Statement by Secretary of the U.S. Treasury William Simon to the Second Board Meeting of the U.S.-USSR Trade and Economic Council at Moscow, October 15,1974. DSB 11-11-1974, 646-48. 137 51. Announcement of the USSR's Agreement to Limit Purchases of U.S. Grain in 1974 Crop Year, October 19, 1974. DSB 11-11- 1974,648. 139 52. Joint Statement on Strategic Offensive Arms Issued at Vladivostok, November 24,1974. DSB 12-23-1974, 879. 140 53. Joint U.S.-Soviet Communique. Signed at Vladivostok, November 24, 1974. DSB 12-23-1974. DSB 12-23-1974,879-81. 140 Chapter VII FROM VLADIVOSTOK TO THE END OF THE KISSINGER ERA: 1975 AND 1976 143 Introduction 143 Notes 146 Documents 147 54. The Trade Reform Act of 1974 (Excerpts). January 3,1975. U.S. Statutes, 93rd Congress, 2nd Session, Vol. 88, PL 93-618, pp. 2064-66,2076. 147 55. Statement by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at a News Conference on January 14,1975, of Soviet Rejection of Conditions of the Trade Act of 1974. DSB 2-3-1975,139-40. 150
Documents 56. Text of U.S.-USSR Joint Statement Issued at Geneva, February 17, i 1975 (Excerpt). DSB 3-10-1975,291-92. 151 57. Announcement of Agreement on Fisheries Issues. February 26, 1975. DSB 3-31-1975,426. 152 58. Announcement of Second Round of Environmental Modification Talks. March 7,1975. DSB 4-14-1975,495-96. 152 59. Announcement of U.S.-USSR Agreement on North Pacific Fisheries. Signed July 18,1975. DSB 8-11-1975, 230-31. 153 60. Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Commonly called "The Helsinki Agreement"). Signed at Helsinki by representatives of 35 nations, August 1, 1975. DSB 9-1-1975,323-50. 154 61. Announcement of Simultaneous U.S.-Soviet Tabling of Draft Convention on Environmental Warfare in Geneva Disarmament Committee. August 21, 1975. DSB 9-15-1975,417-20. 182 62. Agreement on the Supply of Grain and Letter of Intent Regarding U.S. Purchase of Soviet Oil. Signed October 20,1975. TIAS 8206; UST 26.3.2971; DSB 11-10-1975,663-64. 185 63. Agreement Regarding Certain Maritime Matters (Excerpt). Signed December 29,1975. TIAS 8195; UST 26.3.2767. 187 64. Joint Communique on New Agreement on Middle Atlantic Fisheries. Signed March 1,1976. DSB 4-12-1976,498. 190 65. Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes. Signed May 28, 1976. DSB 6-28-1976,802-12. 191 66. Message from President Ford to the U.S. Senate Requesting Approval of the Treaty on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests and the Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes, July 29,1976. DSB 8-23-1976, 269-70. 201 67. Announcement of New Fisheries Agreement. November 26,1976. DSB 12-20-1976,743. 203 Chapter VIII THE FIRST YEAR OF THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION: 1977 205 Introduction 205 Documents 206 68. Agreement on Copyright License. Signed February 14,1977. TIAS 8570. 206 Page xvt
Page Documents 69. Agreement Concerning Dates for Use of Land for, and Construction of, Embassy Complexes in Moscow and Washington. Effected by Exchange of Notes, March 30, 1977. TIAS 8629. 211 70. Joint U.S.-USSR Communique. March 30,1977. DSB 4-25-1977, 404-5. 213 71. Joint U.S.-USSR Statement. April 26, 1977. DSB 5-23-1977, 512. 214 72. Joint U.S.-USSR Communique. May 17,1977. DSB 6-13-1977, 634. 214 73. Statement by Cyrus Vance on Signing by the United States of the Convention Banning Environmental Warfare (Excerpt). May 18, 1977. DSB 6-13-1977,633-34. 215 74. Joint U.S.-USSR Communique. May 21,1977. DSB 6-13-1977, 633. 215 75. Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology (Renewal of the Agreement of May 24,1972). Signed July 8,1977. TIAS 8620. 216 76. Statement of U.S. Intent With Regard to SALT I Interim Agreement by Paul Warnke and Cyrus Vance. September 23 and 26, 1977. DSB 11-7-1977,642-43. 220 77. Joint U.S.-USSR Statement on Review of the ABM Treaty. September 24,1977. DSB 11-7-1977,643. 221 78. U.S.-USSR Communique on Antiballistic Missile Systems. November 21,1977. DSB 12-12-1977, 856-57. 222 APPENDIX: DOCUMENTS AND AGREEMENTS NOT INCLUDED 223 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 224 xvii