2014; 56 (5): 152 161 SOC SOC 1 1 1 1 SOC SOC Sense of Coherence SOC SOC SOC SOC 51 51 1 3 SOC Brief Scales for Coping Profile BSCP SOC 27 24 30 4 2 7 SOC BSCP SOC 9 4 BSCP6 2014 1 25 2014 6 19 J-STAGE 2014 7 7 641-0011 580 e-mail: moriokai@wakayama-med.ac.jp) SOC SOC SOC SOC 2014; 56(5): 152 161 doi: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.B14002 Gender difference Multiple regression analysis Nurse Occupational stress reaction Sense of Coherence: SOC I 1, 2) Sense of Coherence SOC 3) SOC 3 SOC 4) SOC 5)
SOC SOC 153 SOC 6 8) SOC 9) 24 63,321 16 31,594 10) 1,067,760 5.9 10, 11) 5, 7, 12, 13) SOC 14) 15) 16) 25 10.7 11.0 12.6 17) SOC SOC SOC SOC A SOC SOC II 1 A 800 24 622 536 86.2 1 54 463 517 83.1 1 3 51 51 5) 2 24 2 SOC SOC Antonovsky 18) SOC-13 19) SOC-13 3? 5? 4? 4 1 7 7 1 13 Cronbach 0.775 0.832 20)
154 56 2014 17 29 11 9 6 4 1 2 3 4 4 20) 5 57 Cronbach 0.779 0.806 Brief Scales for Coping Profile BSCP 21) BSCP 3 3 3 3 3 3 6 18 4 3 2 1 18 Cronbach 0.652 0.735 3 5 Fisher SOC-13 3 3 6 t-test SOC SOC 1 SOC-13 9 4 BSCP6 2 SOC-13 3 9 4 BSCP6 Spearman r=0.704 SPSS Statistics 19.0 SPSS Inc. 5 10 4 III 1 Table 1 20 38 74.5 27 24 30
SOC SOC 155 Table 1. 20 39.2 13 25.5 9 44 86.3 4 2 7 4 7.8 2.0 Basic attributes of subjects Male (n=51) 19 37.3 ICU CCU HCU 14 27.5 9 17.6 Female (n=51) Age (yr) 21 24 15 17 25 29 23 21 30 39 10 10 40 44 3 3 Marital status Married* 20 3 Single 31 48 Child # Having children* 13 1 Childless 36 49 Nursing career (yr) 4 26 25 5 9 18 18 10 14 4 5 15 3 3 Managerial Position # Holding an office 4 1 No specific office 47 49 Work place (Multiple answers) Internal medicine ward 6 6 Surgery ward 19 19 Emergency room (ICU, CCU, HCU) 14 15 Mixed 7 7 Operating room 5 5 Others 6 5 Qualification (Multiple answers) Public health nurse 9 9 Nurse 51 51 Others 0 0 # A non-responder was excluded. *p<0.05 (Fisher s exact test). 2 SOC SOC Table 2 SOC BSCP SOC-13 Table 2. Characteristics of SOC, occupational stress and BSCP of subjects Male (n=51) Female (n=51) Mean SD Mean SD SOC-13 Total scores 52.1 9.5 51.7 9.5 Sense of comprehensibility 19.5 4.1 19.8 4.6 Sense of manageability 16.0 3.7 15.4 3.7 Meaningfulness 16.6 4.4 16.5 3.3 Stressor Quantitative overload 2.2 0.9 2.5 0.8 Mental demand 2.3 0.9 1.7 0.8** Subjective physical burden 1.6 0.6 1.7 0.7 Characteristic job stressors 3.0 1.0 3.1 0.9 Stress by workplace environment 2.8 0.9 3.2 1.2* Job control 2.7 1.0 2.8 0.6 Degree of practical use of skill 3.0 0.7 3.0 0.6 Job fitness 2.6 0.9 2.8 0.8 Work worth 3.3 1.1 3.4 1.1 Stress reaction Lack of vigor 2.6 1.2 2.4 1.1 Irritability 2.7 1.1 2.9 0.9 Fatigue 2.4 1.0 2.7 1.0 Anxiety 2.6 1.1 2.9 1.0 Depressed mood 2.5 1.0 3.0 1.1* Psychological 12.9 3.6 13.9 3.9 Somatic 3.0 1.2 3.3 1.2 Influencing factors Supervisor support 3.0 1.0 3.7 0.8*** Coworker support 3.0 1.1 3.4 1.0* Family support 3.4 1.3 3.8 1.3 Satisfaction with work life 2.8 0.7 2.9 0.6 BSCP Changing mood 8.3 2.1 8.2 2.4 Active solution 8.9 1.8 9.4 2.1 Emotional expression 5.5 2.2 4.6 1.5* Seeking help for a solution 8.0 2.2 9.4 2.0** Changing a point of view 7.8 2.2 7.5 2.1 Avoidance and suppression 7.5 2.1 6.2 2.2** SD: standard deviation *p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 (t-test). 52.1 51.7
156 56 2014 Table 3. Standard partial regression coefficients of multiple regression analysis (forced entry method): Model 1 Male (n=51) Female (n=51) Psychological Somatic Psychological Somatic SOC-13 Total scores 0.480** 0.544* 0.505** 0.376 Stressor Quantitative overload 0.224 0.341 0.169 0.473* Mental demand 0.066 0.479* 0.031 0.137 Subjective physical burden 0.055 0.134 0.027 0.035 Characteristic job stressors 0.187 0.277 0.146 0.127 Stress by workplace environment 0.015 0.071 0.003 0.077 Job control 0.048 0.057 0.274 0.008 Degree of practical use of skill 0.009 0.322 0.097 0.052 Job fitness 0.023 0.009 0.081 0.050 Work worth 0.057 0.027 0.095 0.070 Influencing factors Supervisor support 0.157 0.133 0.245 0.126 Coworker support 0.094 0.109 0.018 0.036 Family support 0.052 0.248 0.072 0.093 Satisfaction with work life 0.048 0.041 0.166 0.079 BSCP Changing mood 0.005 0.020 0.016 0.148 Active solution 0.055 0.478** 0.091 0.064 Emotional expression 0.267 0.037 0.01 0.210 Seeking help for a solution 0.249* 0.193 0.081 0.186 Changing a point of view 0.033 0.195 0.036 0.068 Avoidance and suppression 0.014 0.059 0.122 0.114 Age (yr) 0.081 0.116 0.220 0.042 Adjusted R 2 value 0.593 0.217 0.595 0.219 p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01. 12.9 3.6 3.0 1.2 5 BSCP SOC 3 SOC SOC Model 1 Table 3 SOC BSCP SOC BSCP SOC SOC SOC Model 2 Table 4
SOC SOC 157 Table 4. Standard partial regression coefficients of multiple regression analysis (forced entry method): Model 2 Psychological Male (n=51) Somatic Female (n=51) Psychological Somatic SOC-13 Sense of comprehensibility 0.108 0.143 0.165 0.113 Sense of manageability 0.260 0.633** 0.273 0.015 Meaningfulness 0.326 0.264 0.174 0.371 Stressor Quantitative overload 0.196 0.395 0.166 0.560* Mental demand 0.116 0.549* 0.017 0.194 Subjective physical burden 0.054 0.126 0.022 0.021 Characteristic job stressors 0.193 0.270 0.168 0.069 Stress by workplace environment 0.025 0.124 0.012 0.050 Job control 0.033 0.055 0.237 0.016 Degree of practical use of skill 0.036 0.277 0.098 0.031 Job fitness 0.038 0.099 0.099 0.057 Work worth 0.036 0.028 0.107 0.142 Influencing factors Supervisor support 0.157 0.142 0.212 0.137 Coworker support 0.133 0.204 0.040 0.041 Family support 0.080 0.173 0.087 0.118 Satisfaction with work life 0.048 0.016 0.162 0.039 BSCP Changing mood 0.017 0.105 0.028 0.136 Active solution 0.070 0.377* 0.104 0.017 Emotional expression 0.261 0.069 0.011 0.226 Seeking help for a solution 0.232 0.168 0.094 0.156 Changing a point of view 0.057 0.212 0.048 0.061 Avoidance and suppression 0.071 0.004 0.107 0.067 Age (yr) 0.066 0.239 0.195 0.027 Adjusted R 2 value 0.576 0.331 0.570 0.188 p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01. BSCP IV 1 20 29 7 4 3 22 27 25 29 27.1 22) 9 8 1 3 4 23)
158 56 2014 2 SOC BSCP SOC 24) 212 39.7 6.9 SOC 7.4 6.1 25) 21 10,089 38.4 10.1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 25) BSCP 26) 1 146 37.8 4.1 83 86 26) 3 SOC 3 14) 8.7 24 7.6% 10, 11) 27) SOC 4 SOC 5)
SOC SOC 159 1 0.715 0.625 Spearman 5 SOC-13 SOC-13 3 9 4 BSCP6 SOC SOC BSCP SOC 3 9 4 BSCP6 SOC SOC SOC 28) SOC SOC 1 V A 51 51 SOC SOC 1. SOC 2. 3. SOC 9 4 BSCP6 4. SOC SOC COI COI 1) Lazarus RS Folkman S : 1984/1991; 14 24. 2) [ 4 ] : 2007; 22 29. 3) Antonovsky A : 1987/2001; 19 39. 4) SOC SOC : 2008: 39 53. 5) Sense of Coherence 2013; 36: 25 33. 6)
160 56 2014 2009; 109: 93 107. 7) 2011; 53: 1 9. 8) 1 1 2011; 59: 129 36. 9) 11 2000; 5 115. 10) 25 I 1 (5) [Online]. 2012 [cited 2014 Jun 16]; Available form: URL: http://www.nurse.or.jp/home/publication/toukei/pdf/toukei05.pdf. 11) : 25 I 1 (4) [Online]. 2012 [cited 2014 Jun 16]; Available form: URL: http://www.nurse.or.jp/home/ publication/toukei/pdf/toukei04.pdf. 12) 2003; 4: 1 10. 13) QOL 2006; 29: 39 47. 14) SOC 2011; 29: 348 52. 15) 60 Sense of Coherence 2003; 26: 123 36. 16) SOC SOC : 2008: 91 9. 17) [Online]. 2013 [cited 2014 Jun 16]; Available form: URL: http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/100-1.html. 18) Antonovsky A : 1987/2001; 221 25. 19) SOC SOC 2009; 42: 505 16. 20) 14 16 2005. 21) (BSCP) 2004; 46: 103 14. 22) 22 III 21 22 [Online]. 2010 [cited 2014 Jun 16]; Available form: URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/kihon1/pdf/gaiyou1.pdf. 23) 1 : 2011; 7: 75 80. 24) Sense of Coherence 2012; 37: 31 8. 25) 11 2000; 126 38. 26) 3 BSCP 2004; 46: 419. 27) 2008; 10: 89 92. 28) SOC SOC : 2008: 55 67.
SOC SOC 161 Sense of Coherence (SOC), Occupational Stress Reactions, and the Relationship of SOC with Occupational Stress Reactions among Male Nurses Working in a Hospital Eri Yoshida 1, Kazuko Yamada 1 and Ikuharu Morioka 1 1 Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, 580 Mikazura, Wakayama 641-0011, Japan Objectives: There is limited information about the sense of coherence (SOC), stress reactions and the relationship between SOC and stress reactions in male nurses. The aim of this survey was to clarify SOC, stress reactions, and the relationship of SOC with stress reactions in male nurses working in a hospital. Methods: Fifty-one male and 51 female nurses took part in a questionnaire survey. Each female subject was matched with a male of the same age (within 1 year), qualifications (nurse only or both nurse and public health nurse), and work place (internal medicine ward, surgery ward or others). The question items were basic attributes, SOC, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire and Brief Scales for Coping Profile (BSCP). To examine the relationship between the SOC and stress reactions, a multiple regression analysis was performed with psychological or somatic, as the dependent variable. Results: The median age of male nurses was 27 (interquartile range: 24 30) years. The median length of their working career was 4 (2 7) years. There were no gender differences in the total scores of SOC. Among the stressors, the conditions of mental demand were better in male nurses, but the conditions of stress by workplace environment were worse than in female nurses. Depressive mood, one of the stress reactions, was worse in male nurses. Support from supervisors and coworkers that had an effect on stress reactions were weaker in male nurses than in female nurses. In the subscales of BSCP, emotional expression to others and avoidance and suppression were more often used by male nurses, but seeking help for a solution to problems was less frequently used by them than by female nurses. There were significant relationships between the total score of SOC and psychological and somatic in both sexes, even when adjusted for 9 stressor factors, 4 factors that had an effect on stress reactions, and 6 subscales of the BSCP and age. The sense of manageability, one of the subscales of SOC, showed significant relationships with psychological and somatic only in male nurses. Conclusions: The SOC showed no sex difference. The depressive reaction was stronger in male nurses. The relationship of the subscale of SOC to psychological and somatic showed a gender difference, although the total scores of SOC showed similar tendencies in both sexes. (San Ei Shi 2014; 56: 152 161)