CHAPTER 4: LESSON SPECIFICATIONS COURSE TITLE: SILVER STAR COURSE ENABLING OBJECTIVE AND TEACHING POINTS CTS NUMBER: A-CR-CCP-116/PC-001 TRAINING DETAILS FUNDAMENTAL TRAINING: 402.11 5. TIME one 30 minute period. 4-13 1. PERFORMANCE List the orders, decorations and medals of the Canadian Forces. 2. CONDITIONS: a. Given NA; and b. Denied assistance. 3. STANDARD The cadet will list three out of the four selected decorations, medals and awards of the Canadian Forces and give a brief description of each. 4. TEACHING POINTS: a. anatomy of a medal or decoration; b. Order of merit c. Decorations (1) Order of Canada (1) Canadian Forces Decoration; (2) Victoria Cross; (3) Star of Military Valour and Medal; and (4) Meritorious service Cross d. Medals War Medals (1) United Nations Medals; (2) Canadian Peace Keeping Service Medal; (3) Canadian Korea Medal; (4) Gulf and Kuweit Medal; and (5) Victory Medal. 6. METHOD/APPROACH Lecture. 7. SUBSTANTIATION The objective of this course is to familiarize the cadet with some of the medals and decorations of the Canadian Forces. 8. REFERENCES: a. Army Army Cadet Reference Book (pages 2-35 to 2-44); b. A-AD-200-000/AG-000; c. Governor General of Canada web site www.qq.ca; d. CFAOs 18-5, 18-9, 18-14, and 18-17; and e. Master Lesson Plan. 9. TRAINING AIDS CF Medals and Decorations chart. 10. TEST DETAILS As per the standard statement. 11. REMARKS: a. Much of this lesson material will be learned by the cadets on their own time if a copy of the Canadian Forces Medals and Decorations Chart is on display for them to read. The stock number for this chart is A-JS 007 031/DA-001. Cadet corps should try to order this chart through the supply system; and b. An idea for confirming the knowledge of cadets is, to photocopy each medal/decoration and glue it to a card the cards can then be flashed at each cadet who must then identify the badge/medal each in his/her turn. A-CR-CCP-120/PH-001
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 The officer concentrates on the cadet corps, effectiveness and efficiency in accomplishing each planned activity. The officer pays particular attention to standards of performance and training of NCOs. The officer makes time and other resources available so that the NCO can do his/her jobs. The NCO concentrates on the continued individual development of the cadet ensuring that each one is well-trained and highly motivated. The NCO concentrates on standards of performance and training of cadets. The NCO gets the job done. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OFFICERS AND NCO S A NCO is the link between the Officers and the Cadets. It is a relationship based on trust, loyalty and co-operation. They have different duties but the same aim of an efficient and effective corps, able to train tomorrow's leaders in a safe environment. Any army cadet corps will organize a multitude of activities over the course of the school year. The best and easiest way to ensure that all goes well is a sharing of workload between the officers and cadet NCOs. This fair and equitable sharing is based on a division of the duties and responsibilities between the two groups of leaders within the corps. It is important to remember that a harmonious working relationship can be more important than a strict set of duties. For example, if the platoon commander is scheduled for a meeting with the CO but is unable to get to the corps, the platoon WO should be ready to attend. An officer and an NCO complement each other in their duties in order to get the job done. Sharing of the work-load and sharing of the hardships makes for an efficient and professional organization. EO 402.11 LIST DECORATIONS, MEDALS AND AWARDS OF THE CANADIAN FORCES Anatomy of a medal or decoration: a. The colour of the ribbon is different for each decoration or medal. When not wearing a full medal, a recipient will wear a small ribbon in it s place; 2-35
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 b. Decorations and medals are often engraved with the recipients name on the back or edges; c. Bars, numbers or clusters on some decorations indicate repeat awards of that decoration or medal; d. Many decorations and medals allow a recipient to place the initials of the award behind their name in official correspondence; and e. Each decoration or medal has it s place, or precedence. This indicates which order, from center to outside, and from top to bottom, that they are worn, when a recipient has been awarded more than one. THE EVOLUTION OF CANADIAN MILITARY HONOURS (ORDERS, DECORATIONS AND MEDALS) At the beginning of this century Canada was a self-governing dominion within the British Empire. As the country evolved into an independent state, suggestions for the development of its own honours system grew. However, there was little early incentive to move beyond the simple policy decision that Canadian citizens could not accept knighthoods or similar British honours which granted aristocratic titles. British orders, decorations and medals, from the lowest awards to the Victoria Cross, continued to be used, including during wars, when Canadian contingents formed part of deployed British forces. Limited steps towards creating Canadian Military honours were taken in the middle of this century, beginning with a few unique medals during the Second World War. After the war, a common medal for military long service and exemplary conduct was created, the Canadian Forces Decoration. This was followed by a special campaign medal for service in the Korean Conflict, a uniquely Canadian version of the Commonwealth's award issued at the behest of our government. The watershed in the conversion to national honours occurred with the Centennial of Confederation in 1967. Initial awards created at that time were followed by a deliberate expansion of the Canadian honours system in 1972. Since then, practice, experience and study have led to continued growth in the national system for recognizing the merit and deeds of those who serve Canada. A national honours policy exists to guide the development of the system. One guiding principle for military honours is that proposals for new awards are always made in consultation with the Canadian Forces, which are regularly consulted on such issues. That is, the views of 2-36
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 those who would actually qualify for and be honoured by each award are given great weight.a Canadian Forces Honours Committee, representing all components of the Forces, studies these matters in depth and is careful to maintain the high standards established in the past. All Canadian national honours and their criteria are personally approved by the Sovereign, The Queen of Canada. VICTORIA CROSS The Victoria Cross "shall be awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, a daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty, in the presence of the enemy". For the purpose of these decorations, "enemy" is defined as a hostile force, including armed mutineers, armed rebels, armed rioters and armed pirates. Canada does not have to be at war to acknowledge the existence of an enemy which fits this description. It is broad enough to encompass Canadian involvement in UN peacekeeping operations. As part of the Canadian honours system, a family of three Military Valour Decorations, comprising the Victoria Cross (VC), the Star of Military Valour (SMV) and the Medal of Military Valour (MMV) has been designated and styled. These medals have been incorporated into the Canadian honours and awards system to enable Canada to recognize members of the Canadian Forces, or members of an allied armed force serving with or in conjunction with the CF, for deeds of military valour. 2-37
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 The highest British and Commonwealth decoration, the Victoria Cross, has traditionally been recognized as the most prestigious award for gallantry under enemy fire. The original British VC (above left) was made from cannons captured from the Russians during the Crimean War. It was instituted on 05 February 1856 with awards retroactive to 1854. The first award to a Canadian was in February 1857, to Lt. Alexander DUNN (Charge of the Light Brigade). The recipient's rank, name and regiment are engraved on the reverse of the mounting bar and the date of the act engraved on the back within a raised circle. A formal request for the creation of a family of Military Valour Decorations was approved by Queen Elizabeth II on February 2, 1993. The Canadian version of the Victoria Cross (above right) has the Latin inscription "PRO VALORE" in place of the English only "FOR VALOUR" found on the British VC. There have been 1,351 Victoria Crosses and 3 Bars awarded worldwide, 94 to Canadians (Canadian-born or serving in the Canadian Army or with a close connection to Canada). 2-38
STAR AND MEDAL OF MILITARY VALOUR A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 The Star of Military Valour is the second highest Military Valour Decoration of Canada. It "shall be awarded for distinguished and valiant service in the presence of the enemy." The Medal of Military Valour cou also be awarded for similar circumstances. The reverse of both medals shows the Royal Cypher and Crown with the inscription "PRO VALORE". On the Star, the rank and the name of the recipient is engraved below the "PRO VALORE" inscription. On the Medal, the rank and the name of the recipient are engraved on the edge. The Cross of Valour (not shown) is awarded only for acts of conspicuous courage in circumstances of extreme peril. All Canadian citizens, both civilians and members of the Canadian Forces, are eligible for the award. COMPANION, OFFICER AND MEMBER OF THE ORDER OF CANADA 2-39
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 The Order of Canada established as the centrepiece of Canada's system of honours to pay tribute to those who exemplify the highest qualities of citizenship and whose contributions enrich the lives of their contemporaries. Only Canadian citizens are eligible to be members of the order. The Queen of Canada is the Sovereign Head of the order and the Governor-General is the Chancellor and the Principal Companion. The order has three levels: Companion, Officer and Member (above from left to right). The order is not awarded posthumously. On the front of the medal is a maple leaf in red, gold or silver with an annulus which bears the motto DESIDERANTES MELIOREM PATRIAM, they desire a better country. On the back, the word CANADA within a circle and a serial number in a box below. The badges are unnamed, but each badge is numbered on the reverse. Instituted 17 April 1967 with the first members appointed 01 July 1967, the original order had only Companions and a Medal of Service. On 01 July 1972, the Medal of Service was deleted and all holders were made Officers of the order. The levels of Officer and Member were introduced on 01 July 1972. Companion (CC) Awarded for outstanding achievement and merit of the highest degree, especially service to Canada or to humanity at large. Only fifteen Companions may be appointed in any one year with a maximum of 150 living Companions at any one time. The recipients may use the post-nominal letters CC. Officer (OC) For achievement and merit of a high degree, especially service to Canada or humanity at large. A maximum of 46 Officers may be appointed each year and there is no limit on the number of Officers living at any one time. Officers may use the post-nominal letters OC. Members may be elevated to Officers and Officers may be elevated to Companions but they hold only the rank of the elevation. Member (CM) For distinguished service in or to a particular locality, group, or field of activity. A maximum of 92 Members may be appointed annually with no maximum number living at any one time. A Member may use the post-nominal letters CM. 2-40
A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 MERITORIOUS SERVICE CROSS AND CANADIAN FORCES DECORATION The Meritorious Service Cross (above left) can be awarded militarily or civilly, for the performance of a deed or activity in an outstanding professional manner or of an uncommonly high standard bringing considerable benefit or great honour to Canada. The Canadian Forces Decoration (above right) is awarded to officers and men of the Canadian Forces who have completed twelve years of service. The medal is awarded to all ranks, who must have a good record of conduct during the final eight years of claimed service. The medal is awarded to the regular forces, reserve forces and to officers to the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC). Service in the regular and reserve of auxiliary forces of the British Commonwealth of Nations will be counted towards the medal if the final five years have been with the Canadian Forces and no other long service, good conduct or efficiency medal has been awarded for the same service. The service need not be continuous. A bar is awarded for every subsequent period of ten years of qualifying service. Initiated on 15 December 1949, and first awarded on 01 September 1951, about 157 000 have been awarded. 2-41
ROYAL CANADIAN ARMY CADETS Star Program Master Lesson Plan SILVER STAR COURSE ENABLING OBJECTIVE(S): PO: FUNDAMENTAL TRAINING 402.11 List the Decorations, Medals and Awards of the Canadian Forces REFERENCE(S): A. A-CR-CCP-120/PH-001 Silver Star Course Training Plan; Chapter 4, Page 4-13 & 4-14. B. A-CR-CCP-121/PT-001 Cadet Reference Book Pages 2-35 to 2-44. SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCE(S): A. A-AD-200-000/AG-000 Honours, Flags and Heritage of the CF. B. Governor General Website: http://www.gg.ca/ C. Directorate of History and Heritage http://www.forces.gc.ca/hr/dhh/engraph/home_e.asp TRG AID(S): A. A-JS-007-007/DA-001 CF Medals and Decorations Chart B. OHP and OHP Slides STUDENT AID(S): A. Silver Star Handbook B. Pencil and notebook METHOD: Lecture and Discussion TIME: 1 x 30 Minutes Note: The material in this lecture will require more than one period of instruction to cover. REVIEW TIME: 2 Minutes I EO 402.10 LIST THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN NCO 1. What is a duty? 2. What is a responsibility? 3. What are some responsibilities of an NCO? 4. How do the duties of an NCO and Officer differ? INTRODUCTION TIME: 1 Minutes 2006-05-04 1/6
WHAT: WHY: WHERE: In this lesson cadets will learn about the orders, decorations, and medals of the Canadian Forces. Cadets will learn about selected orders, decorations, and medals in order to familiarize themselves with this aspect of the Canadian Forces. You will apply the knowledge here to various situations where members of the Canadian Forces are present. BODY I STAGE 1: ANATOMY OF A DECORATION OR MEDAL INSTR NOTES TIME: 3 Minutes 1. Anatomy of a medal or decoration: a. The colour of the ribbon is different for each decoration or medal. When not wearing the full medal, a recipient will wear a small ribbon in its place. b. Decorations and medals are often engraved with the recipient s name on the back or edges. c. Bars, numbers or clusters on some decorations indicate repeat awards of that decoration or medal. d. Many decorations and medals allow a recipient to place the initials of the award behind their name in official correspondence. e. Each decoration or medal has it s place, or precedence. This indicates the sequence that a recipient, awarded more than one decoration, shall wear them. II CONFIRMATION STAGE 1 1. What does the recipient of a decoration wear when not wearing a full medal? 2. What is precedence? Give an example. 3. When were would you find a recipient s name on a medal or decoration? III STAGE 2: ORDERS OF MERIT 1. Order of Canada: The Order of Canada is Canada s highest honour for lifetime achievement. There are three levels of Time: 5 Minutes OHP 1 2/6
membership: the Companion level, recognizing the highest degree of service to Canada or humanity; the Officer level, recognizing national service and merit of a high degree; outstanding contributions at the local or regional level or in a specialized field of activity. a. Description: The Order of Canada s badge is in the form of a stylized, six-pointed snowflake bearing the Crown and a maple leaf. It is worn at the neck by Companions and Officers and on the left breast by Members. All may wear a small replica of the badge on street clothes. b. Eligibility: All Canadians are eligible for the Order of Canada, which is conferred in recognition of outstanding achievement and lifetime contribution in all major fields of endeavour. IV CONFIRMATION STAGE 2 1. The Order of Canada is Canada s highest honour for what? 2. What are the three levels of membership? 3. What does it look like? V STAGE 3: DECORATIONS 1. The Canadian Forces Decoration (CD) a. Description: The decoration is in the shape of a decagon with each of the ten sides being a representative of a province of Canada. It bears on the obverse the uncrowned effigy of the Sovereign encircled by the Canadian Royal Title with the word Canada on the lowest side. On the reverse, appears a crown, maple leaves and an eagle representative of the navy, army and air force respectively. The name of the recipient will be engraved around the edge of the decoration. TIME: 6 Minutes OHP 2 Refer to CFAO 18-9 for more information on the Canadian Forces Decoration. b. Eligibility: All members of the Canadian Forces (officers and NCMs) are eligible provided that they have completed twelve years of service and have had good conduct during the final eight years of claimed service. c. The Ribbon: The ribbon is worn on the left breast pendant from a ribbon one and one-half inches in width. The ribbon will be of the colour gules broken into equal divisions by three narrow vertical stripes of the colour 3/6
argent [silver]. d. Clasps: Clasps will be awarded for every subsequent period of ten years qualifying service. A silver rosette will be worn on the ribbon to denote the award of a clasp. 2. Victoria Cross (VC): is the highest of the three Military Valour Decorations: OHP 3 a. Description: The original British VC was made from cannons captured from the Russians during the Crimean War. The Canadian version of the Victoria Cross has the Latin inscription PRO VALORE in place of the Englishonly FOR VALOUR found on the British VC. The recipient s rank, name and regiment are engraved on the reverse of the mounting bar and the date of the act engraved on the back within a raised circle. b. Eligibility: The Victoria Cross shall be awarded for the most conspicuous bravery, a daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice or extreme devotion to duty, in the presence of the enemy. It encompasses Canadian involvement in UN peacekeeping operations. c. Recipients: This medal is received by members of the Canadian Forces, or members of an allied armed force serving with or in conjunction with the Canadian Forces, for deeds of military valour. The list of Canadians who have been awarded the Victoria Cross is available on the Directorate of History and Heritage website. 3. Star of Military Valour and Medal of Military Valour: The Star of Military Valour is the second highest Military Valour Decoration of Canada. OHP 3 a. Description: The reverse of both medals show the Royal Cypher and Crown with the inscription PRO VALORE. The rank and the name of the recipient is engraved below the PRO VALORE inscription. b. Eligibility: The Star of Military Valour shall be awarded for distinguished and valiant service in the presence of the enemy. The Medal of Military Valour can also be awarded for similar circumstances. Members of the CF or members of an allied armed force serving with CF are eligible. 4/6
4. Meritorious Service Cross: can be awarded militarily or civilly, for the performance of a deed or activity in an outstanding professional manner or of an uncommonly high standard bringing considerable benefit or great honour to Canada. OHP 4 VI CONFIRMATION STAGE 3 1. How much service is required to be eligible for the Canadian Decoration (CD)? 2. The Victoria Cross if the highest Military Valour Decoration of Canada. What is the second highest decoration? 3. Who may be awarded the Meritorious Service Cross? VII STAGE 4: MEDALS 1. United Nations Medals: Each United Nations Medal is distinguished by its ribbon colours. TIME: 5 Minutes OHP 5 2. Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal: is awarded for peacekeeping service on missions dating back to 1947. a. Description: The figures of obverse of the medal are those depicted on the top of the Peacekeeping Monument in Ottawa. The three figures show an observed, with binocular, and two Canadian Forces soldiers. The kneeling figure with the radio is a woman. These three figures depict the purpose of this medal which is service with international peacekeeping or observer missions. Above them flies a dove, symbolic of peace in many countries of the world. b. The ribbon is comprised for four colours, green, red, white and United Nations blue. These colours are chosen to represent the following: United Nations blue- the colours of the United Nations, the organization under which the majority of international peacekeeping and observer missions have occurred; Red and white- the Canadian flag and Green- volunteerism. In addition, the red and white have secondary meanings. 3. The Victory Medal: was awarded to all ranks of the fighting forces, to civilians under contract, and others employed with military hospitals who actually served on the establishment of a unit in a theatre of war between 05 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. The Medal was authorized in Britain (and for Canadians) on 01 September 1919. White is associated with purity and peacekeeping is certainly one of mankind s highest ideals. The red is also symbolic of the blood that has been shed by Canada s more that 100 fallen peacekeepers. OHP 6 5/6
4. The Canadian Korea Medal: was awarded to Canadian military personnel for one on the strength of an army unit in Korea; or 28 days afloat; or one sortie over Korea by a member of the RCAF, 02 July 1950-27 July 1953. 5. The Gulf and Kuwait Medal with bar: was awarded to: a. all members of the Canadian Forces who served a minimum of 30 cumlative days in theatre, on or in direct support of, operations to defend against aggression and to liberate Kuwait; and b. those who served one day or more in the theatre of operations during actual hostilities (16 January 1991 to 03 March 1991). VIII CONFIRMATION STAGE 4 1. How is each United Nations Medal distinguished? 2. What do each of the four colours on the Canadian Peacekeeping Medal represent? PERFORMANCE CHECK TIME: 2 Minutes I Cadets will identify the medals and decoration by pointing them out on the poster. CONCLUSION TIME: 1 Minutes SUMMARY: A. In this lesson cadets have learned about selected medals, decorations, and wards of the Canadian Forces. B. It is important for cadets to be familiar with decorations, medals and awards of the Canadian Forces. RE-MOTIVATE: A. Comment on student progress. B. Cadets will apply the information learned in this lesson every time they are affiliated with members of the Canadian Forces. C. The next lesson in Fundamental Training will be in the Gold Star course on how to Complete a Parade State. 6/6
ORDERS OF MERIT Companion Order of Canada Officer Order of Canada Member Order of Canada 402.11 Silver Star OHP 1
DECORATIONS The Canada Forces Decoration (CD) -Awarded for 12 years of service in the navy, army or air force. - Clasps awarded for every subsequent period of ten years. 402.11 Silver Star OHP 2
DECORATIONS FOR VALOUR Victoria Cross Star of Military Valour Medal of Military Valour 402.11 Silver Star OHP 3
SERVICE DECORATIONS Meritorious Service Cross Meritorious Service Medal 402.11 Silver Star OHP 4
MEDALS UN Force in Cyprus Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal 402.11 Silver Star OHP 5
WAR MEDALS Victory Medal 1939-45 Star Canadian Korea Gulf and Medal Kuwait Medal 402.11 Silver Star OHP 6