Week 4: Revolution Thomas Paine Common Sense\ Second Continental Congress (May 10, 1775) TIMELINE FOR INDEPENDENCE 1. May 15, 1776 John Adams 2. June 7, 1776 Richard Henry Lee of VA 3. Committee of Five a. John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman 4. June 11-12, 1776 Thomas Jefferson 5. June, 28, 1776 6. July 2, 1776 7. Committee of the Whole 8. July 4, 1776 9. August 2, 1776 Bill of Indictment Natural Rights Division of Colonists Loyalists Neutrals Moderates Radicals George Washington Commander Second Continental Congress - June 14, 1775 1775-1776 Lexington and Concord General Thomas Gage Battle: Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775) : Colonies: Britain Outside of Boston (Breed's Hill) 828 wounded and 226 killed 310 wounded and 140 killed Moral victory for Colonies
Capture of Fort Ticonderoga (Upstate NY) American - Ethan Allen American - Benedict Arnold March 17, 1776 Halifax, Nova Scotia - General William Howe American - Benedict Arnold American - Richard Montgomery HOWE'S INVASION Long Island - August 22, 1776 August 27-30, 1777 Brooklyn Heights victories: Battle of Lake Champlain October 1776 Battle of White Plains October 1776 Fort Washington in NY November 1776 Fort Lee in NJ November 1776 - General Charles Cornwallis Bordentown, NJ Trenton, NJ McKonkey's Ferry Washington's Crossings, PA The Crisis Battle: Battle of Trenton (Dec 26, 1776) /Hessians Trenton, NJ 22 killed / 98 wounded / 1,000 captured : 2 killed / 5 wounded America! None
Battle: Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777) Princeton, NJ /Hessians 18 killed / 55 wounded / 200 captured : 25 killed / 40 wounded America! None Can't hold positions Summer of 1777 - General John Burgoyne - Lt. Col. Barry St. Leger General William Howe Howe in Philadelphia Battle of the Brandywine (September 1777) Battle of Germantown (October 1777) General St. Leger Stopped by NY militia at Fort Stanwix Battle of Oriskany August 6, 1777 Ft. Owego General John Burgoyne Lake Champlain Fort Ticonderoga American - General Horatio Gates American - General John Stark Battle of Bennington August 16, 1777
Battle: First Battle of Saratoga September 19, 1777 Saratoga, NY Victory? Wait for Second Battle of Saratoga Battle: Second Battle of Saratoga October 7, 1777 Saratoga, NY 440 killed / 700 wounded / 6,000 captured : 90 killed / 240 wounded America! HUGE TURNING POINT FOR WAR American - Colonel Daniel Morgan Guerrilla warfare! - General Simon Fraser FRANCE Benjamin Franklin February 6, 1778 Louis XVI Major General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben (Prussia) Major General Gilbert du Motier, Major General Marquis de Lafayette Sir Henry Clinton replaces him as Commander in N.A.
1778 Battle: Battle of Monmouth June 28, 1777 Gen. Cornwallis Gen. Washington Monmouth, NJ 65 killed / 170 wounded / 64 missing 69 killed / 161 wounded / 132 missing Showed America's improvement December 1778 Savannah, GA Savannah, GA - December 29, 1778 Charles Town, SC - May 12, 1780 June 1780 American Gen. Horatio Gates Battle: Battle of Camden, SC (August 16, 1780) Gen. Cornwallis Gen. Washington Camden, SC 68 killed / 245 wounded / 11 missing 162 killed / 290 wounded /1,000+ prisoners Huge blow to American war effort Battle: Battle of Kings Mountain (October 7, 1780) - Major Patrick Ferguson NC Militia Western North Carolina 290 killed / 163 wounded / 668 prisoner 29 killed / 58 wounded North Carolina Militia Ferguson killed HUGE TURNING POINT
South Carolina Militia Francis Marion (a.k.a Swamp Fox) - General Henry Clinton - NYC Forts in Stoney Point and Paulus Hook 1781 Cornwallis Wilmington, NC Cape Fear River American Major General Nathaniel Greene (RI) General Banastre Tarleton Brigadier General Daniel Morgan Battle: Battle of Cowpens (January 17, 1781) Tarleton & Militias Cowpens, SC 100 killed / 229 wounded / 700 prisoners 12 killed / 60 wounded America! Turning Point in Reclaiming South Battle: Battle of Guilford Court House (March 15, 1781) Cornwallis & Militias Cont - Greene Greensboro, NC 125 killed / 389 wounded /800 prisoners 79 killed / 185 wounded (but) suffer huge loses
Meets with General William Phillips Yorktown, VA James River Peninsula Battle: Siege of Yorktown (September 18, 1781) Cornwallis & Militias French Navy - Francois de Grasse Gen. Washington French Army Gen. Marquis de Lafayette Frency Army Gen. Comte de Rochambeau Yorktown, PA 156 killed / 326 wounded / 7,000 prisoners Americans: 28 killed / 107 wounded French: 60 killed / 184 wounded American! Last Major Battle of Revolutionary War 1782 February 27, 1782 Parliament suspends war by vote of 234-215 April, 1782 American Representatives: Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, John Adams Representatives: David Hartley and Richard Oswald November 30, 1782 Preliminary treaty signed September 3, 1783 Treaty of Paris