ENTREPRENEURS AND HIGHER EDUCATION: IS IT REALLY NEEDED TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR

ENTREPRENEURS AND HIGHER EDUCATION: IS IT REALLY NEEDED TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR Dr. POOJA DESHMUKH 1 PROF. SAYLI DESHMUKH 2 1 Associate Professor, MGM Institute of Management, Aurangabad. 2 Assistant Professor, MGM Institute of Management, Aurangabad. ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship refers to an individual s ability to turn ideas into action. It includes creativity, innovation and risk taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in order to achieve objectives. This supports everyone in day-to-day life at home and in society, makes employees more aware of the context of their work and better able to grab opportunities, and provides a foundation for entrepreneurs establishing a social or commercial activity.at higher education level, the primary purpose of entrepreneurship education should be to develop entrepreneurial capacities and mindsets. In this context, entrepreneurship education programmes can have different objectives, such as developing entrepreneurial drive among students, raising awareness and motivation, training them in the skills they need to set up a business and manage its growth; and developing the entrepreneurial ability to identify and exploit opportunities. This paper studies the importance of higher education and the awareness of higher education in entrepreneurs, Conclusions are drawn out and some suggestions are put forward. Key words: Entrepreneurship and Higher Education. Introduction In today s word entrepreneurship is important to economy of country Entrepreneurship refers to an individual s ability to turn ideas in to action. It includes Creativity, innovation and risk taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in Order to achieve objectives. This supports everyone in day-to-day life at home and in society, makes employees more aware of the context of their work and better able to seize Opportunities, and provides a foundation for entrepreneurs establishing a social or commercial activity. Entrepreneurs can change the way we live and work. If successful, their innovations may improve our standard of living. In short, in addition to creating wealth from their entrepreneurial ventures, they also create jobs and the conditions for a prosperous society. Path breaking offerings by entrepreneurs, in the form of new goods & services, result in new employment, which can produce a cascading effect or virtuous circle in the economy. The stimulation of related businesses or sectors that support the new venture adds to further economic development. Businesses in associated industries, like call centre operations, network maintenance companies and hardware providers, flourished. Education and training institutes nurtured a new class of IT workers offering better, high-paying jobs. Infrastructure development organizations and even real estate companies capitalized on this growth as workers migrated to employment hubs seeking new improved lives. Entrepreneurial ventures literally generate new wealth. Existing businesses may remain confined to the scope of existing markets and may hit the glass ceiling in terms of income. New and improved www.icmrr.org 123 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

offerings, products or technologies from entrepreneurs enable new markets to be developed and new wealth created. Additionally, the cascading effect of increased employment and higher earnings contribute to better national income in form of higher tax revenue and higher government spending. This revenue can be used by the government to invest in other, struggling sectors and human capital. Objectives: INTERCONTINENTAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH REVIEW 1. To understand the necessities of higher education for an entrepreneur. 2. To study entrepreneurs perception towards higher education. 3. To suggest the opportunities after higher education of entrepreneur. Literature Review: J.S. Saini and B.S. Rathore (2001) in their book titled Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, deal with entrepreneurial philosophy, where the success of entrepreneurs has been discussed. According to the authors, success of an entrepreneur depends on the entrepreneur s willingness to hold responsibility for his own work. Though the risk of failure is always present, he takes risks by assuming responsibility for his actions. Learning from past experiences will help channel his actions to obtain better results and persistent efforts will yield success for sure. Bholanath Dutta (2009) in his book, Entrepreneurship Management: Texts & Cases, deals in detail on the factors influencing entrepreneurship, viz., education, legality, infrastructure, finance, procedures, IT and communication, rapid changes, size of the firm, R & D and technology, stakeholders and globalization. The author has elucidated the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur at length. According to him, there are many critical factors contributing success such as skills, innovative mind, providing completeness to the factors of production, decision making, creative personality, plan making, xxii dynamic leadership, creator of wealth, self confidence and ambitiousness, risk bearing, and adventurous mind. S.S.Khanka (2009) in his book Entrepreneurship Development illustrates the personal characteristics of successful entrepreneurs as hard work, desire for high achievement, high optimism, independence, foresight, good organizing capacity, and innovativeness. According to the author, success of a small enterprise is, to a great extent, attributed to the success of the entrepreneur himself. David H. Holt (2000) in his book Entrepreneurship: New Venture Creation has dealt in detail about the success factors for entrepreneurs. Holt says at the top of the success factor list is the Entrepreneurial Team comprising of partners, associates or extensive network of advisors. A typical successful entrepreneur has an average education, in his thirties, and has solid job experience. Most technical entrepreneurs tend to start businesses closely related to what they did in previous career positions. Holt is emphasizing the point that success is closely related to a solid knowledge base and substantial experience in related field of operations. Moreover, they will also have well developed social and business relationships and therefore, have a strong foundation for building a team or support network. Mary Kay Copeland (2010) in her article, www.icmrr.org 124 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

Strategies of a Successful Entrepreneur: Nature or Nurture, in MBA Review, has deliberated on the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur. According to the author, the behaviors and personality characteristics that leading researchers have found in effective and successful entrepreneurs are self confidence, risk taking capacity, discerning power, inquisitiveness, tolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty, creativeness, resourcefulness, affinity for autonomy and control, opportunism, optimism, action-orientedness, intuitiveness, persuasion, adaptation, resilience, tenacity and courage. xxiii Translating these attributes into behaviours is believed to increase an entrepreneur s effectiveness. These include total commitment, determination and perseverance, drive to achieve and grow, orientation to goals and opportunities, taking initiative and personal responsibility, veridical awareness and a sense of humour, seeking and using feedback, internal locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, stress and uncertainty, calculative risk taking and risk sharing, low need for status and power, integrity and reliability, decisiveness, urgency and patience, learning from failure, team builder and hero maker. Mahima Rai (2010) in her article, Horning Entrepreneurial Skills: Role of B Schools, in MBA Review, enumerates the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur self confidence and optimism, extra-ordinary energy and diligence, ability to take calculated risks, strong urge to achieve and creativity, ability to respond positively to challenges, leadership qualities, flexibility and adaptability, responsive to suggestions/criticism, initiative, resourcefulness and perseverance, independent minded with ability to get along well with others, perception and foresight, versatile knowledge of the market, government rules etc. The common thread in all entrepreneurial ventures is that the leaders driving these organizations have the ability to identify opportunity and create an organization to carry it through the creation of value for them. Sujatha Mukherjee (2010) in her article, Profiling the Urban Women Micro-entrepreneurs in India, in the Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, draws the picture of an entrepreneur as a) a person who assumes the risk associated with uncertainty b) an adventurer who undertakes risks, brings together the capital and labor required for the work c) an innovator d) a decision maker e) an economic leader f) a manager or a superintendent g) an organizer and coordinator of economic resources h) an owner i) a contractor j) a referee and k) a locator of resources for alternative uses. According to the author, being entrepreneurial involves combining personal characteristics and financial means and resources within an environment to set up a business. Research Methodology Study is it is based on primary data hence, descriptive in nature data were collected by using structured questionnaire Out of the available entrepreneurs in Aurangabad city, these few (fifty) successful entrepreneurs, who had their investment options from their own sources, were considered for this study. Secondary data has also used which were collected through websites. Based on the hypothesis proposed as above, a sample of fifty successful local entrepreneurs is carefully selected for the study. Suggestions are made to resolve the various issues relating to entrepreneurship and higher qualification. www.icmrr.org 125 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

Data Analysis and Interpretation 1. Do you think higher education is important for entrepreneurs? Sr. No Option Responses 1 Yes 58% 2 No 42% Above table shows that 58% of the respondents feel that higher education is important for entrepreneurs and 42. % of the respondents was disagreed. 2. What do you think? Does education and entrepreneurship go hand in hand? 1 Yes 66% 2 No 34% Data says that 66% there is a strong connectivity of educational qualification and entrepreneurship and 34. % of the respondents was disagreed. www.icmrr.org 126 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

3. What is the basic qualification requires becoming entrepreneur? Sr.No. Option Responses 1 12 th Pass 39% 2 Any Graduation 33% 3 Management graduation 20% 4 Other 6% 1. According 39% people 12 th Pass is to be needed for entrepreneurs 2. Whereas 33% said that any graduation will be fine 3. 22% think that management graduate will do better 4. 6 % are in favour of other education 4. Would you like to suggest management education to young entrepreneur? 1 Yes 62% 2 No 38% 1. Above interpretations says that 62% would like to suggest the management education to young entrepreneurs whereas 38% not feel any need of higher studies. www.icmrr.org 127 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

5. Is education is the only way to learn business. 1 Yes 78% 2 No 22% 1. According 78% respondents education is the only way to learn business 2. Whereas 22% said that we can learn business through other available sources. 6. Do you think that other than basic education other skills are required for entrepreneur? 1 Yes 86% 2 No 14% 1. According 86% respondents education is the only way to learn business. 2. Whereas 22% said that we can learn business through other available sources. www.icmrr.org 128 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

7. Does experience is important than the education? 1 Yes 73% 2 No 27% 1. Out of 50 despondence 73% respondents strongly believe in previous experience if any one would like to become a businessman. 2. Whereas 27% said that no experience is required. 8. Do you agree that higher education can improve and developed the business and grow the business? 1 Yes 71% 2 No 29% 1. Higher education can improve and developed the business and grow the business says 71% respondents 2. And 29% said that it doesn t make any noticeable difference. www.icmrr.org 129 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

9. Higher educated entrepreneur can solve any problem in a simple way, are you agree with this statement? 1 Yes 64% 2 No 36% 1. Higher education can improve and developed the business and grow the business says 71% respondents 2. And 29% said that it doesn t make any noticeable difference. 10. Any other benefits of higher education to an entrepreneur? 1 Well understand the business strategies 34% 2 Understanding the competition 26% 3 Employee hiring skills 15% 4 Understanding the demand 23% 5 Work allocation 2% 1. According to 34 % people higher education improves the understanding of business strategies www.icmrr.org 130 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

2. Person can understand the competition by Higher education says 26% respondents. 3. 15% said that hiring skills will improve. 4. 23 % believe that person can predict the demand. 5. And 2 % said that work allocation will be properly managed by qualified person. Findings: INTERCONTINENTAL JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH REVIEW 1. Most of the entrepreneurs aware of higher management studies and would like to suggest to pursue. 2. Higher management education is very important for entrepreneur it opens the door for entrepreneur and upgrades their business to next step. The opportunities are increased. 3. Experience and higher education can go hand in hand and give the successful business. 4. The Necessity of higher education is that it brushes the skills and strengthens the competencies, who want to go beyond boundaries. To gain the core business knowledge. 5. With Higher education one can acquires the skill which are need to handle an enterprise successes fully. Suggestions: 1. Entrepreneur must attend or pursue the higher education to understand the need and necessity of the market and to frame the fit strategies which will be beneficial for them in future. 2. Government should provide some short diploma courses for entrepreneur if they are not capable to get higher education from best learning centers. 3. Many innovative ideas and B-Plans are made for the entrepreneurs, right from raising funds to running enterprise; entrepreneurs should join the programmers to achieve the goals. 4. Primary and secondary school need to update their course contents by including entrepreneurship development subjects, so person can acquire it since school education. 5. More awareness programme should be provided by Government. Webliography: 1. http://www.asianscholarship.org/asf/ejourn/articles/zhang_l.pdf 2. http://careerlinksonline.in/higher-education-in-india-weakness-strengths-and-re-engineering/ 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/entrepreneurship#project_entrepreneurship 4. http://blogs.reuters.com/small-business/2010/02/03/do-entrepreneurs-need-education/ 5. http://www.enecon.com/distributorships/?gclid=cjc16ascs8scfqseaaodfimkiw 6. http://www.yedinstitute.org/a-quick- look.html?gclid=cjwkeaiajfq2brdpmdhmssaw5xssjabtop4lkqkrati- 1ZGwXjN2sCLk-YbMpmCRZcggn 7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s0167487097000032 Bibliography 1. Davenport Robert W., Financing the small Manufacturing in Developing Countries, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1967, pp. 12-13. www.icmrr.org 131 icmrrjournal@gmail.com

2. Gupta S.K., 'Entrepreneurship Development Training Programme in India', Small Enterprise Development', Vol. 1, No.4, December 1990. 3. John Kenneth Galbraith, "Economic Development' Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1969, P. 15. 4. Mc Cleland D.C. & Winter D.G., 'Motivating Economic Achievement', The Free Press, New York, 1969. 5. Ram K. Vepa, "Entrepreneurship for Development of Backward Areas," National Productivity Council, New Delhi, 1973, PP. 14-15. 6. Wytinsky, India: The Awakening Giant, P. 187 7. Improving new venture performance: The role of strategy, industry Structure, and the entrepreneur (William R. Sandberg ) 8. What Makes an Entrepreneur? David G. Blanch flower and Andrew J. Oswald www.icmrr.org 132 icmrrjournal@gmail.com