11/28/2016. St. Mihiel Salient / September First time the Americans fight as an Army
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1 The Final American Campaign St. Mihiel and the Meuse Argonne 1 st US Army American Expeditionary Forces (A.E.F.) 12 September 11 November St. Mihiel Salient / September 1918 First time the Americans fight as an Army 3 1
2 Tank Attack led by Lt.Col George Patton 4 Tank Attack led by Lt.Col George Patton Seicheprey, France July July 2016 German Trenches 6 2
3 7 Meuse Argonne Area 8 Meuse Argonne 1918 Meuse Argonne
4 Final Offensive of the War Entire Front Attacks Four Combat Actions Montfaucon Lost Battalion (308 th Inf.) Sgt York Battle of Romagne & Cunel 10 Struggle for Montfaucon 11 Note Elevation Clear fields of vision 12 4
5 Montfaucon 1918 Montfaucon American Battle Monuments Commission Montfaucon Federal Monument (US Property!) Rises over 200 in Height / Completed in View looking north from the Montfaucon Abbey Church (ABMC Tower) Gentle, rolling landscape 234 Steps! Originally 6 th century Benedictine monastery 15 5
6 16 Aerial view of Montfaucon after the battle October 1918 Note all of the artillery shell craters!
7 19 20 Final Offensive of the War Entire Front Attacks Four Combat Actions Montfaucon Lost Battalion (308 th Inf.) 21 7
8 22 The Lost Battalion 1st Battalion, 308th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division (New York) Commanded by Major Charles Whittlesey, Harvard Graduate; New York City Corporate Lawyer Began Attack on the morning of 2 October men entered the woods; reinforced by 100+ more men Total strength throughout the period was approximately 700 soldiers Continued attack for nearly one mile into Argonne woods Units on either side could not keep up, were pushed back 23 Battalion eventually surrounded by Germans 24 8
9 Fought off attacks continuously Finally relieved in the evening of 7 October 1918 (5 days w/o supplies!) 194 men were able to walk out ( walking wounded ) 360 were carried out (wounded) / 170 died 25 Major Whittlesey Survivors of the Lost Battalion 12 October
10 Allied Lines 11/28/2016 Area of Lost Battalion (2009) Monument 28 Charlevaux Mill Cher-Ami Smithsonian Institution WWI Display 29 Medals of Honor presented to: Major Charles Whittlesey, 1 st Battalion, 308 th Infantry Captain George McMurtry, 2 nd Battalion, 308 th Infantry Captain Nelson Holderman, Company K, 307 th Infantry *Army Air Service Pilot 1Lt Harold Goettler, 50 th Aero Squadron *Army Air Service Observer 2Lt Erwin Bleckley, 50 th Aero Squadron * Posthumously (Killed in Action/Died of Wounds) 30 10
11 Major Whittlesey served as an honorary pallbearers for the entombment of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery 11 November 1921 Late November 1921, Whittlesey boarded a steamship in New York for a cruise to Havana, Cuba. He disappeared while the ship was at sea. His body was never found. Left Letters for family & Friends McMurtry Surrender note 31 Final Offensive of the War Entire Front Attacks Four Combat Actions Montfaucon Lost Battalion (308 th Inf.) Sgt York Battle of Romagne & Cunel
12 Sgt Alvin York Medal of Honor Recipient 82 nd Division
13 Meuse-Argonne Campaign 8 October 1918 Company G, 328 th Infantry; 82 nd Division Conscientious Objector Persuaded the Bible sanctioned active service in the military From rural hill country of Tennessee Expert Marksman Sgt. Alvin York 7 February Meuse-Argonne Campaign 8 October 1918 Platoon was advancing in woods Machine Guns holding up his units advance Finds seam in German lines leads small patrol Attacks German rear area Kills estimated 25 Germans Captures 132 (4 officers/128 soldiers) Silences 4 6 machine gun nests Sgt. York Sgt. York s 132 POW s 38 American Advance Near Sgt. York s Area Dead German Machine Gunner German Prisoners 39 13
14 Sgt York s Battlefield (2009) Final Offensive of the War Entire Front Attacks Four Combat Actions Battle of Romagne & Cunel 42 14
15 The fight for the village of Cunel 43 Aerial View after the battle Notice the Shell craters 44 Cunel from the south; look for landmarks (Oct 1918) Church Steeple July
16 German trench lines Assault Planning Map 12 October Lt. Sam Woodfill Company Commander Reconnaissance Kills 21 Germans Destroys 5 Machine Nests 46 Woodfill s position
17 Sam Woodfill s Advance in Woods of Cunel
18 Arlington Major Woodfill in German Occupation of Cunel October 1918 July
19 25 October 1918 German Headquarters (Ortskomandant) Later used by Americans as a Medical Aid Station 55 July 2002 Village Mayors Home Body of Dead German Soldier 57 19
20 6 th Infantry Regiment Staff Fought at Cunel Father Albert Braun, O.F.M., 6 th Infantry Regimental Catholic Chaplain 58 Father Albert Braun, O.F.M., Regimental Catholic Chaplain Nominated for the Distinguished Service Cross / Received Purple Heart O.F.M. = Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation, NM Remained a Chaplain in Army Reserve Activated 1940 Sent to Philippines Captured by Japanese 1942 Released in mid-1945 Mescalero Apache Reservation Dies in 1983 Honored by State of Arizona 59 Beware of Battlefield Debris! 60 20
21 Do Not Touch! Years Later! 62 German Concrete Bunker in the Forest of Cunel Also nearby 21
22 Nantillois German Military Cemetery 64 Romagne American Battle Monuments Cemetery 66 22
23 Largest American Military Cemetery outside of the United States Land captured by the 32nd Division 14 October 1918 Land ceded to the United States by France ,246 graves acres Originally contained nearly 27,000 graves, approximately 12,000 remains returned to the US in the 1920 s Recognizes 954 Missing their bodies were never recovered Graves of 486 Unknowns Contains both Jewish Star of David and Christian Cross Graves of nine Medal of Honor recipients 69 23
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25 73 29 September 1918 Medal of Honor Citation 2 Lt. Frank Luke (Luke Air Force Base, Arizona) After having previously destroyed a number of enemy aircraft within 17 days, he voluntarily started on a patrol after German observation balloons. Though pursued by eight German planes which were protecting the enemy balloon line, he unhesitatingly attacked and shot down in flames three German balloons, being himself under heavy fire from ground batteries and the hostile planes. Severely wounded, he descended to within 50 meters of the ground and flying at this low altitude near the town of Murvaux opened fire upon enemy troops, killing six and wounding as many more. Forced to make a landing and surrounded on all sides by the enemy, who called upon him to surrender, he drew his automatic pistol and defended himself gallantly until he fell dead from a wound to the chest. 74 Heroes All, Known by God 75 25
26 Lachalade, France Cistercian Abbey 12 th Century Near by 76 Memorial for the two grandsons of Giuseppe Garibaldi who died fighting nearby in the Meuse Argonne, Dec Jan in World War One Lachalade, France (Meuse Argonne) Last American Soldier to Die in World War I Sgt. Henry Gunther (Baltimore, MD A. Company, 313 th Infantry Regiment) 78 26
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