Changes in CBRN Threat

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1 U.S. Army RDE Command - Science and Technology to Support the Warfighter - The NDIA Chemical Biological Roundtable Breakfast 17 September 2004 MG John C.Doesburg Commanding General, RDECOM

2 Changes in CBRN Threat Pre-1992 Large scale use CW agent focus Short term effects Battlefield focus Early 1990s-present Small scale use HAZMAT focus Low-dose effects Attacks against civilians Terrorism While While a number of of nations possess significant CBRN CBRN capabilities, the the past past decade detailed a trend trend away away from from large large scale scale use use to to limited limited or or threatened use use of of CBRN CBRN by by belligerents or or terrorists to to achieve desired results. Gulf- Gulf- War War Syndrome, Depleted Uranium and and terrorism expanded the the scope scope of of CBRN CBRN beyond the the battlefield focus focus to to significantly change requirements for for CBRNE Material Issues, Technology, Force Force Design, and and Doctrine

3 Changes in National Policy Pre-1992 Strategic Deterrence Early 1990s-present Domestic Preparedness WMD Elimination Civil Support The The changing threat threat required a fundamental shift shift in in policy policy to to prevent or or mitigate a CBRN CBRN incident. CBRNE incidents require extensive specialized support not not normally available at at the the local local or or state state level. level. Legislation such such as as the the Stafford Act Act amendment, Nunn-Lugar Domenici, PDDs PDDs 39,62, 39,62, 63, 63, and and the the formation of of DHS DHS developed federal federal plans plans to to assist assist state state and and local local governments to to plan plan and and prepare to to respond, establish key key federal federal and and DoD DoD capabilities, the the mechanisms to to support civil civil authorities, and and adoption of of a preemptive approach to to CBRN CBRN threats

4 CBRN Response Capability Pre-1992 Conventional Forces SOF SOF Chemical Units Specialized DoD DoD CBRNE response units units were were developed to to meet meet the the changes in in battlefield needs needs and and also also in in support of of civil civil authorities -- without degrading warfighting capability Early 1990s-present Specialized Forces SOCOM TEU TEU CBIRF CB-RRT JTF-CS WMD-CST CBRNE Command FBI FBI HMRU NORTHCOM

5 Evolution of CBRN Defense Changing requirements drive four functional components of CBRN defense Material issues The things required to conduct the mission Technology New capabilities and functions Force development New forces/capabilities Doctrine Changes in operational methods

6 Evolution of CBRN Defense Material Issues New detection capability beyond classic chemical agents (Fox, HAPSITE) Functional biological agent detection (BIDS, JBPDS, HHAs) Modernized dosimetry and radiological detection Joint development of NBC equipment vs service and use specific (JSLIST, JSM) Standoff detection Latest Latest technology pushed the the the the field field to to bridge bridge requirement gaps. gaps. Move Move to to Joint Joint management approach to to R&D R&D and and acquisition, reducing redundancy and and fielding time time

7 Evolution of CBRN Defense Technology Issues Biological Agents Agent viability determination Chemical Specificity vs. general class, reduction of false positives Reliable low level detection Protective Gear Heat stress reduction, respiration effort Decontamination Self-Decontaminating Logistics Non-Aqueous Current technology is is capable of of overcoming these these issues, however, it it is is cost cost and and skill skill prohibitive for for fielding across across the the services.

8 Evolution of CBRN Defense Doctrinal Issues Contamination avoidance Elimination of adversarial capability Pre-emptive attack Site exploitation (during and post-hostilities) Demilitarization Operations (post-hostilities) Technical standards Our Our operational emphasis on on quick, quick, decisive victory victory to to minimize casualties shifted shifted our our NBC NBC defense focus focus on on reducing enemy enemy capabilities in in pre-ground operations to to limit limit use use and and to to bypass hazard hazard areas areas as as much much as as possible. Post Post hostility activities however now now include extensive dismantling of of infrastructure to to avoid avoid proliferation of of CBRN CBRN material and and terrorist use. use.

9 Evolution of CBRN Defense New Force/Capability Development State and Local Support Domestic Preparedness Program Federal-State Local Exercise Program DoD Organizations WMD-CSTs JTF-CS, JTF-CM (East/West) CB-RRT CBRNE Command CBRIF Federal HMRU Recognizing clear clear gaps gaps in in homeland capabilities to to respond to to CBRN CBRN incidents, significant funding provided and and new new specialized organizations formed to to mitigate, coordinate, and and provide technical support

10 U.S. Army RDE Command - Science and Technology to Support the Warfighter - The NDIA Chemical Biological Roundtable Breakfast 17 September 2004 MG John C.Doesburg Commanding General, RDECOM

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