BRITISH EMPIRE (continued)

Transcription

1 BRITISH EMPIRE (continued) UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA GENERAL Area: Sq. miles: 795,289. Population (Census of I92I): 7,156,666, of which 1,542,161 whites. Army. A. HIGHER ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL The Defence Forces are administered by a IDefence consisting of: Minister of Defence (ex-officio), President. Chief of the General Staff. Adjutant-General. Quartermaster-General. Director of Medical Services. Director of Air Services. Headquarter, The Chief of the General Staff is charged with co-ordination and control, and is alone responsible to the Minister for the direction of military policy. There is also a Council of Defence, consisting of four non-departmental members. It has no executive functions, but is largely an advisory body to the minister. B. MILITARY DISTRICTS The Union is divided into fifteen Military Districts, each in charge of a District Staff Officer who is also the Registering Officer.

2 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 373 C. CONSTITUTION AND ORGANISATION OF THE MILITARY FORCES i. GENERAL. The Defence Forces consist of: (i) Permanent Force. (ii) Coast Garrison Force. (iii) Citizen Force. (iv) Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. (v) Any Special Reserve established under the Act. Every citizen of European descent between his I7th and 6oth year is liable to render personal service in time of war in any part of South Africa in defence of the Union. Every citizen is also liable to undergo a course of peace training, beginning in his 2ist year and lasting four years, but he may volunteer to begin his training in any year between his I7th and 2ist year. Normally not more than 50 per cent of those liable will actually be taken for peace training. Registration for all citizens on attaining the age of 17 is compulsory, but has been in abeyance since When registration is in force, a provisional ballot is prepared annually in each Military District of all citizens registered in the district who are in their 2ist year and who have not voluntarily entered for peace training ; if the numbers entered voluntarily fall short of the numbers required to complete establishments of units, the shortage is made good by ballot. Those not required for peace training must serve as members of a Rifle Association for a period of four years. REGISTRATION, I924 - POSITION at March 3Ist, Number Total Total Voluntary Entries Total Military District No. liable for Number Non- Registration Registered Mounted Infantry and Voluntary Dismounted Registrations I... 5,594 4, , , 66 5, , ,781 3, , ,195 1, I ,747 2, ,837 III ,738 3, ,835 36I ,538 3, , ,801 9, IO 2,156 6,oo ,147 7, , o... 4,831 4,329 1,456 2, II ,328 3, , ,288 1, , ,544 1, , ,899 4, , ,727 3, , Total... 68,324 60,492 9,901 43,820 5,082

3 374 BRITISH EMPIRE 2. PERMANENT FORCE. This Force consists of: I. Staff Corps; II. Instructional Corps; III. Naval Service; IV. Field Artillery; V. The ist Regiment, South African Mounted Riflemen; VI. Permanent Garrison Artillery; VII. Engineer Corps; VIII. Air Force; IX. Service Corps; X. Medical Corps XI. Ordnance Corps; XII. Veterinary Corps; XIII. Administrative, Pay and Clerical Corps. The organisation aimed at for the Air quarters, Force is to Depot, establish and a one Head- Squadron of three flights, each of six machines, and later on to establish a second Squadron. 3. COAST GARRISON FORCE. The Coast Garrison Force, established for the protection of the defended ports of the Union, consists of the Coast Garrison Artillery and the Coast Defence Corps. The Coast Garrison Artillery consists of: ist Division, styled the Cape Garrison Artillery. 2nd Division, styled the Durban Garrison Artillery. The Coast Defence Corps also consists of two Divisions, each Division consisting of: A Fortress Engineer Section, composed of men who have received training as electrical engineers, fitters, etc. A Harbour Control Section composed of harbour, lighthouse, and post and telegraph employees. The first engagement is for four years; men may subsequently re-engage for periods of three years. 4. CITIZEN FORCE. The Citizen Force is composed of all persons liable to render personal iservice in time of war who are not members of the Permanent Force, icoast Garrison Force or Naval Volunteer Reserve. It comprises the following divisions: (i) Active Citizen Force; (2) Citizen Force Reserve; (3) National Reserve. (i) The Active Citizen Force is organised by units of the various combatant arms (including an Aviation Corps) and departmental

4 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 375 services ; the organization aims at the provision of Field Forces properly equipped to take the field composed of Groups of Units in the same or adjoining Districts. (The new Act transfers the Aviation Corps from the Citizen to the Permanent Force.) In I920, the Railways and Harbour Brigades, created from the Defence Rifle Association organisation of the same name, became part of the Active Citizen Force. It consists at present of two Battalions, but establishments for other Units, including Transportation Battalions, Harbour Companies, Supply Companies, Armoured Trains, etc., are under consideration. Enrolment may be either voluntary, between the ages of 17 and 21 years or by ballot at the age of 21 years, as explained in paragraph i. Service is for four years. Owing to the fact that registration has been in abeyance since 1914, in order to keep the Active Citizen Force in being, it was found necessary to call for volunteers between the ages of 17 and 21 years to undergo the four years' course of training, and it was decided that only those Units should be accepted for training in which voluntary enlistments exceeded 50 per cent of establishment. (2) The Citizen Force Reserve is divided into two classes : Class A. - Citizens not past their 45th year who have undergone their four-years peace training. Men other than those who join the Permanent Force Reserve act as reservists to the particular Units in which they did their training up to a certain age; after that age they go to form Reserve Units capable of taking the field. Class B. - All other citizens, not past their 45th year, other than those who join the Permanent Force Reserve, who are serving or who have served as members of a Rifle Association. They are organised to form Territorial Corps or Commandos, of which IIo are established. (3) The National Reserve consists of all citizens who are not members of any other portion of the Defence Force, and are liable to render personal service, i.e., those who have finished their service in the various Reserves and are under 60 years of age. 5. SPECIAL RESERVES. The special Reserves established under the Act consist of: (i) Reserve of Officers. (2) Permanent Force Reserve. Under the new Bill these consist of: (a) Those who have completed their period of engagement and are required to serve in the Reserve. Service in this Reserve is for not more than five years nor beyond 35 years of age. (b) All other citizens except members of the Coast Garrison Force, Active Citizen Force or R.N.V.R., who are qualified by health, experience and age, who volunteer and are accepted.

5 376 BRITISH EMPIRE (3) Coast Garrison Force Reserve. - This is composed of members of the C. G. F. who have completed their period of training and service and who are not past their 45th year. They are liable to present themselves once annually for inspection. (4) Veteran Reserve. - This consists of members of the National Reserve or of Class B of the Citizen Force Reserve (other than those who have joined the Permanent Force Reserve) who have had war experience or an adequate military training and who engage to serve in time of war with the Veteran Reserve. 6. RIFLE ASSOCIATIONS. These were instituted in order to ensure that all citizens liable to render personal service in time of war should, as far as possible, be proficient in or familiar with military weapons of precision. In addition to those liable but not entered in their 2Ist year for peace training, as outlined in paragraph i, every other citizen liable to render personal service in time of war may engage to serve as member of a Rifle Association. 7. CADETS. In districts where facilities can be provided, all boys between their 13th and I7th years may be required to undergo annually, subject to their parents' consent, a prescribed course of Cadet training, including musketry. The powers and duties originally vested in the Commandant of Cadets are now exercised and carried out by the Chief of the General Staff. 8. AIR FORCE. The South African Air Force is part of the Union Defence Force, and is administered by the Air Section at Defence Headquarters under a Director of Air Services, who is also the executive Commander of the Air Force. The organisation of the force is: (i) headquarters; (2) aircraft depot, including stores section, workshops, and reserve airplane park; (3) flying training school, capable of training fifteen to twenty pupils at the same time ; (4) service squadrons, of which one squadron is at present fully established; (5) special reserve of pilot officers on a numerical establishment of twenty-four special reserve officers to each active aeroplane flight; (6) general reserve of officers.

6 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 377 D. TRAINING i. PERMANENT FORCE. The S. A. M. R. are trained on regular lines for both mounted and artillery duties. 2. COAST GARRISON FORCE. The course of training for the South African Garrison Artillery in any one training year is : Maximum days. Minimum ) Of these, 14 and Io days respectively must be continuous, i.e., field training in camp or bivouac. Recruits will perform drills of i/ hour's duration thrice weekly during the months of July, August and September. The periods of non-continuous days' training are the same as for the Active Citizen Force. The course of training for the Fortress Engineer Section of the Coast Defence Corps will be the same as that laid down for the Coast Garrison Artillery, except that recruits' drills will be of two hours' duration. Members of the Harbour Control Section of the Coast Defence Corps are liable to attend and undergo a period of practice mobilisation or training not exceeding four days in any one training year. 3. ACTIVE CITIZEN FORCE. Although by the Defence Act all recruits are liable to a maximum of 30 days, and all trained men to a maximum of 21 days' training annually, the course of training at present prescribed by the regulations is as follows: (a) For the first year's (recruit) training: Mounted troops days. Field Artillery D Engineers ) Infantry ) Departmental troops D Of the above, 22 days for mounted troops, 14 for Field Artillery and 12 for other arms must be "continuous", i.e., field training in camp or bivouac. (b) For the second and subsequent years: Mounted troops... i8 days. Field Artillery ) Engineers ), Infantry D Departmental troops... 6 D Of the above, 15 days for the mounted troops and Field Artillery,

7 378 BRITISH EMPIRE io for the Engineers and I2 for other arms are " continuous ". A day of non-continuous training consists of one period of 8 hours or two periods of 4 hours or six periods of i 1 hour. With the exception of the two Battalions of the Railways and Harbour Brigade, the training of the Units of the Active Citizen Force accepted for peace training during 1921 was, owing to lack of funds, restricted to the firing of the annual musketry course and attendance at one inspection parade. Four officers' courses, each lasting three weeks, were held at the Military School. The Act of 1922 lays down that, during the four years of liability to training, the training shall be done in three periods, of which the first period shall be in the first year and shall not exceed fifty days' continuous training, and the other two periods together shall not exceed thirty days. During the Military Year the following units were accepted for peace training: Unit Military District No.. 8th Citizen Battery (T. H. A.)... 8 ist Mounted Rifles (N. C.) nd D a (N. C.) rd D N (N. M.R.) th D (I. L. H.) th (T. M. P.)... 3 ist Infantry (D. L. I.) nd, (D. E. O. R.)... I 3rd ) (P. A. G.) th )) (Kaff Rifles) th 3 i) (C. T. Highlanders)... 7th, (Kimberley Regt) th A (Tvl. Scottish) th D (C. P. R.)... i ioth D (Wit. Rifles)....8 iith (R. L. I th, (Pretoria Regt.) ist Infantry Bttn. R. and H. Brig.... 2nd P Bttn. R. and H. Brig..... Various Two Armoured Trains R. and H. Brigade.. Ist Field Ambulance (S. A. M. C.) nd)) (S. A.M. C.)... 5 No. i Company (S. A. M. C.).... I No. 2 a (S. A.M. C.) CITIZEN FORCE RESERVE. All members are liable to be called upon once annually for inspection. Reservists are permitted to attend the annual continuous training under the following conditions:

8 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 379 Class A. - If allotted to Units of the Active Citizen Force, their total attendance shall not involve an excess over the establishment of a Unit of more than io per cent; if belonging to Reserve Units only, then in sufficient numbers to form Units of the strength of a Battery, Squadron or Company. Class B. -- Provided sufficient members for each Corps attend so as to form an officer's command. 5. RIFLE ASSOCIATIONS. Compulsory members (see above) undergo a prescribed course of training and exercise, arms, ammunition and accoutrements being issued at Government expense. Other members will be provided with a rifle on loan or purchase and a free annual grant of ammunition. All members will be required at least once a year to produce their rifles, etc., for inspection. NUMBER AND MEMBERSHIP OF DEFENCE ASSOCIATIONS BY PROVINCES, Province Number Membership of Associations Officers Other Ranks Total Cape of Good Hope ,836 51,710 Natal... 6i 73 4,7 I I 4,784 Transvaal ,122 52,398 53,520 Orange Free State ,927 26,385 Union at June 30th, I,O87 2,527 I33, ,399 At June 30th, ,050 2, , , CADETS. The" training includes instruction principally in drill, musketry, hygiene'and signalling, and when personnel are available other subjects such as camp cooking, map reading, knots and lashings, swimming, etc. Where no facilities exist for Cadet training, boys between their I3th and I7th years may join a Rifle Association as Cadet members. Camps have been held regularly since 19I7, except in the Kimberley Military District, where the distance to be travelled by Cadets is too great. Two courses of instruction for Cadet officers are held annually at the Military School.

9 380 BRITISH EMPIRE The following statement shows the number of officers and cadets in each of the four Provinces at June 3oth, I913, I922, and I923 Provinces Officers cadets Officers cadets Officers Cadets Cape... I77 3, I6, ,671 Transvaal , , ,491 Natal , , ,055 Orange Free State , ,903 Total , ,548 1,036 39, MILITARY ESTABLISHMENTS. At the Military School at Roberts' Heights courses are held for officers of the Permanent and Active Citizen Forces, Defence Rifle Associations, Cadet Forces and for N. C. O.s and men of the Permanent Force. The subjects dealt with include: Staff duties, intelligence, tactics of all arms, reconnaissance, drill, map reading and field sketching, topography, field engineering, musketry (including machine guns and Lewis guns) gunnery, signalling, field cooking, military hygiene, interior economy, military law, Union Military Discipline Code, Defence Act, etc.

10 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 381 E. BUDGET EFFECTIVES 1925-I926. Officers Other Officials Native Administration Quartermaster General Medical Service Military College Total o PERMANENT FIELD FORCE (including Ordnance, Supply and other Services) Staff Batteries of Field Artillery... Io ii Mounted Machine-Gun Squadrons Engineer Corps Service Corps o6 Ordnance Corps... Io III Veterinary Corps Total PERMANENT FORCE (CAPE PENINSULA) Headquarters Staff 'I3 Instructional Staff.... I 6 Militarv Police and Detention Barracks Garrison Artillery... 6o - 8 Fortress Engineers i8 Air Force To6 Total CITIZEN FORCE AND CADETS Total I I70 72 F. POLICE The South African Force is constituted under the Police Act, No. 14 of i912. The Force, which is under the command and control of a Commissioner of Police, may be employed in case of war or other emergency to assist in the Defence of the Union in any part of South Africa. Period of service is for three years, with renewals of two-year periods. The budget effectives of Police in I is of 10,242 officers and other ranks of which 3,948 natives, etc.

11 382 BRITISH EMPIRE II. Navy. LIST OF UNITS. (I925) Surveying vessel: Protea (I919). Displacement 800 tons. Dimensions: 231 X 28 ft. 74 in. X 72 feet. Guns: I 3-pdr. Miscellaneous: 4 units (mine-sweeping trawlers, depot ship, etc.). III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year covers the period April Ist to March 3Ist. The budget for a given year is usually presented to Parliament before the end of the preceding year, and is voted some months after its close. The closed accounts are published some 7 or 8 months after the end of the fiscal year to which they refer. (2) The general budget, as distinguished from the Railways and Harbours administration budget, contains two separate accounts - the Revenue Account and the Loan Account. with The all former money is credited from revenue proper, and is charged with the greater part of current expenditure, including debt service. The is credited Loan Account with money derived from the raising of loans, etc. Capital expenditure and such extraordinary expenditure as war costs, the construction of military establishments, etc., are charged to this fund. (3) The budget is drawn up on the system of gross appropriations. (4) The Provinces and Local Authorities do not contribute to the costs of national defence.

12 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 383 B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Siummary of De/ence Expenditure (Gross). TABLE I. Closed Closed Estimates Estimates Accounts Accounts submitted to submitted to Parliament Parliament 's (ooo's omitted) Revenue Account, Ministry of Defence : Army Navy ^ Air Force ioi 94 Total Revenue Account Loan Account: Ministry of Defence I4 5 Post-war expenditure. 97 Defence endowment account Total Loan Account Total.... 1,221 I,039 1,159 % % % Olo Defence Expenditure Index.... Ioo Index Number of Wholesale Prices : oo I27 I = oo0.... oo 99 Ioo 102 's (ooo's omitted) Defence Expenditure reduced to pre- 1 war price level mIo Index of Defence Expenditure % % % /0 reduced to pre-war price level.. ioo April i922 to January April I923 to January April I924 to January 'April Not available. Except in , where post-war expenditure is included as shown above, the figures in the table exclude war charges, pensions and debt service.

13 384 BRITISH EMPIRE II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure. (i) The following table gives an analysis of the defence expenditure charged to the Revenue Account for the financial years , and I TABLE 2. Closed Estimates Estimates submitted to submitted to Parliament Parliament 's (ooo's omitted). Administration o Quartermaster-General's Section... Ix6 15 I 151 Medical services Military College Permanent Field Force Permanent Force (Cape Peninsula) South African Air Force IoI 94 Naval services Citizen Forces and Cadets Special services Telegraphs and Telephones Total Headquarters only. 2 Permanent Field Force, including Ordnance, Supply and other Services formerly included in Quartermaster. General's section. The table above shows the expenditure of the various military and naval corps and institutions, while in Table 3 below are shown the sums spent on different objects - personal services (salaries), arms, ammunition, etc.

14 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 385 TABLE 3. Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates submitted submitted submitted submitted to to to to Parliament Parliament Parliament Parliament 's (ooo's omitted) Salaries, wages and allowances Subsistence and transport Clothing i 63 Arms, equipment and ammunition Rations, forage, fuel and light i Ii6 Animals and vehicles Medical services Veterinary and farrier services 2 i i 2 Camps and field manoeuvres i 9 Aerodromes and aviation stores Capitation grants Ranges and Bisleys i8 i Naval stores, equipment works and repairs Miscellaneous and incidental expenses Rates- Light, Sanitary Services, etc Telegraphs and Telephones.9 7 Total Military Establishments. No information is available as to whether, and if so, to what extent, the Union of South Africa maintains military factories or other establishments. (2) Defence Expenditure charged to the Loan Account. (a) Ministry of Defence. The expenditure shown in Table i is mainly on account of construction, viz., construction of oil-fuel tanks, naval store and workshop accommodation, additional barracks, etc. (b) Post-war expenditure is to be regarded as a war charge. It includes expenditure on hospital and medical treatment, artificial limb factory, etc. In the budgets from I onwards the post-war expenditure has been transferred to the Revenue Account ( 98,ooo in i923-24, 76,ooo in i and 73,00ooo in , included under "Pensions "). (c) The expenditure in the Defence Endowment Account for consists partly of purchase of War Department property and partly 25

15 386 BRITISH EMPIRE of general defence works. The War Department property referred to was taken over in consequence of the withdrawal of the regular garrison stationed in the Union before the war. The costs of general defence works are initial costs in connection with the reorganisation of South African defence forces. The expenditure for and is only for general defence works. III. Receipts in connection with Defence Expenditure. "Departmental receipts," so called, accounted for on the revenue side of the budget, were as follows: Closed Accounts Closed Accounts Closed Accounts E's (ooo's omitted) Revenue Account Loan Account Total The receipts in the Revenue Account are mainly due to sale of disused material; in the Loan Account, to sale of surplus war material. The departmental receipts (Revenue Account) are estimated at 25,000 for and 20,000 for IV. Expenditure re/erring to Previous Years. (I) Debt Service. No interest on or redemption of public debt is charged to the military budgets. (2) Pensions. The pensions account in the budget does not show civil and military pensions separately. There is, however, an item for " War Allowances, " including war pensions for all wars in which South Africa has participated. The amounts provided for are the following: 's (ooo's omitted). Closed Accounts I, Estimates

16 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 387 IV. Industries capable of being used for War Purposes. RAW MATERIALS, MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, ETC. (Output, Imports, Exports.) I. FUEL (In thousands of metric tons.) A. Coal B. Petroleum Motor spirit, Paraffin Benzene and other Coal Coke and Naphtha Lubricating min. oi OUTPUT. 1 (thousands of gallons 2) , I I0, , Io,8io 54 I924 11,33I IMPORTS ,012 2,799 10,397-92I 4 II,339 2,538 I5,975 I922 4 I 10,672 2,432 10,500 I ,487 2,976 o10,170 I ,875 4,046 16,573 EXPORTS. 3 I920 1,i8o 5 I92I 1, , , , _ 1 Local sale. 2 I English gallon = litres. a Coke and patent fuel.

17 388 BRITISH EMPIRE II. ORES AND METALS (In metric tons.) A. Ores. Iron Manganese Copper Lead Zinc Chrome Pyrites OUTPUT I920 2,326 6i 9, ,13 3, , I , , , , , ,581 5, ,996 I ,035 4, , I IMPORTS. - EXPORTS Io 7, , I ,I I i , o - 93 B. Metals. Pig Iron Iron and Steel Copper Lead Zinc Aluminium OUTPUT I920 1,368 I2,198 4, ,122 I92I 1,041 20, , ,878 I923 24,552 6,I7I 4,897 I924 8,162 4,492 1 Local sale. 2 Shipped. a Partly local sale, partly shipped. 4 Ore and concentrates. s Ore and bullion. 6 Metal content.

18 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 389 Iron and Steel Copper Lead Zinc Aluminium IMPORTS I920 1,331 i8o 851 1, , , , ,472 I , , ,447 4 EXPORTS ,331 I , , , III. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS (In metric tons.) A. Raw Material. Nitrate of Sodium Salt Sulphur OUTPUT. 920o -- 80, I 62, , ,170 1 Cast iron, pig and ingot. Iron and steel imports in bar, bolt and rod, in angle, channel, girders, beams, hoop, pipes, plates, wrought iron and steel, wire, etc., were 121,752 metric tons in 1920, 60,825 in 1921 ; 111,713 in 1922 ; 132,519 in 1923; 1;62,531 in Excluding rails, which were 7,282 M.T. in 1923; 16,490 in No weight shown prior to In bar, ingot and rod, plate and sheet, etc. Crude (ingot, pig and slab), 1924, 1 M.T. 3 In pig, sheet, pipes, etc. 4 Unmanufactured. 5 Ingots. Bar, sheet, etc., 1924, 13 M.T. 6 Iron and steel exports in angle, channel, bar, bolt, rod, wire, etc., were 2,141 metric tons in 1920 ; 1,097 in 1921 I 1,028 in 1922; 852 in i923; 775 in Regulus and matte. Copper exports in bar, rod, ingot, etc., were 26 metric tons in 1920; 20 tons in 1921; 544 in Ingots. Bar, pipe and sheet in 1920, 73 M. T.; in 1921, 20 ; in 1922, 5 ; in 1923, 2,294; in I924, 3, Bar, ingot, plate and sheet 3 M.T. in 1920; 6 in 1921; 2 in 1922; 5 in in 1924.

19 390 BRITISH EMPIRE Nitrate of Sodium Salt Sulphur IMPORTS , ,630 12, ,770 9,737 I923 6o 2,304 14, ,060 9,270 EXPORTS. I920 1,248 I92I III 32 B. Manufactured Products. Sulphate Nitric Sulphuric Soda Spirit of Ammonia Acid Acid (r,ooo gallons) OUTPUT , I i88 i IMPORTS I5 2, Io 1,10o I 5 3, I , ,829 EXPORTS , , i I IV. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS A. Cereals. (In metric tons.) Wheat Rye Barley Oats Maize PRODUCTION ,200 20,000 23,600 86,700 1,210, ,100 17,200 28,600 75, ,ooo ,700 20,300 26,400 83,100 1,792, I64,ooo 997, ,859,700

20 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 391 WHEAT M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. M.Q. Imports o106,6oo 21,500 38, , ,500 - Exports WHEAT FLOUR Imports 65,400 21,200 30,000 44,400 38,600 Exports 7,400 7,900 2,100 1,400 go900 RYE Imports. - - Exports I,oo - - RYE FLOUR Imports Exports BARLEY Imports 3, Exports oo00 OATS Imports 2, Exports,6oo 4,100 2,100o 3,300,800oo MAIZE Imports 8,400oo - Exports 31, , ,800 5xi,8oo 65,300 RICE Imports 21,600 29,200 31,000 38,000 34,400 Exports I00 00 I00 - B. Potatoes. (Metric tons.) PRODUCTION. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. I920 ioi,6oo 1,903 1, , , , , , ,463 1,204

21 392 BRITISH EMPIRE V. LIVE-STOCK (Number). Cattle Sheep Pigs ,974, ,228, ,I55 i92i 8,557, ,729, ,7692 I922 6,552, ,495, , ,3I5,182 31,223, ,679 Horses Goats Mules o,I246 4,895,08o 92, , ,836, , ,4815 5,528, ,946 I ,550 8,244, ,963 Horses Mules Cattle Goats Pigs IMPORTS i I I924 81i 24 - I EXPORTS. I ,66i 4,843 I, I 86 1,979 1,752 1, , , , VI. MEATS (Metric tons). Fresh, Chilled Smoked, Salted Preserved, and Frozen and Dried other IMPORTS , I I924 2i 578 1,245 1 Exclusive of the cattle in towns, on native reserves or on land occupied by natives. 2 Census. 3 Exclusive of the sheep in towns, etc. * Exclusive of the pigs in towns, etc. 5 Exclusive of the horses in towns, etc. 6 Exclusive of the goats in towns, etc.? Exclusive of the mules in towns, etc. 8 Excluding "oxen, " not shown after 1921: , = 19,148.

22 UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA 393 Fresh, Chilled Smoked, Salted Preserved, and Frozen and Dried other EXPORTS. I920 5, I92I I I64 2i , Cotton VII. MISCELLANEOUS (In metric tons). Rubber IMPORTS. i O.I 192I 31 I i924 i72 EXPORTS I I,I ,497 7 I Indiarubber and guttapercha, raw. 2 Indiarubber and substitutes, raw. Sources. Communication from the Government, May iith, Notes on the Land Forces of British Dominions, Colonies and Protectorates. Jane's Fighting Ships, I925. The Closed Accounts for the Financial Years and The Estimates of Revenue and Expenditure for the Financial Years and I924-25, submitted to Parliament. Department of Mines and Industries. Annual Reports of the Secretary for Mines and Industries and the Government Mining Engineer. Pretoria, 1922 and Publications of Imperial Mineral Resources Bureau, London. Annual Statement of the Trade and Shipping of the Union of South Africa, I920 to International Year-Book of Agricultural Statistics, Rome, Year-Book of Union of South Africa. 2