IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA. U.S. II 5a; 1f, i

Transcription

1 IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA U.S. II 5a; 1f, i

2 What is Imperialism: Practiced by European nations and Japan throughout the 1800s and early 1900s. U.S, Early 1900 s. In every case, a nation would experience industrialization prior to practicing imperialism on a foreign nation or region. This was due to the nearly insatiable (always needing) demand for cheap raw materials and the need for markets to buy manufactured (finished) goods.

3 AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

4 IMPERIALISM AND AMERICA Throughout the 19 th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean By 1880, many American leaders felt the U.S. should join European nations and establish colonies overseas Thus began America s jump into Imperialism the policy in which stronger industrialized nations take control over weaker nations

5 WHY IMPERIALISM? 1) Desire for Military strength strong navy 2) Thirst for new markets to raise economy & trade 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior 4)Feed the machine, get raw materials-the Factories

6 Political Conflict Imperialist Argument Goal to get colonies for raw materials and markets Establish a strong presence in Asia and Latin America Anti-Imperialist Argument Violates right to independence and self-government of countries Too costly Some Americans did not want more non-europeans in the U.S.

7 We are raising more than we can consume. We are making more than we can use. Therefore, we must find new markets for our produce, new occupation for our capital, new work for our labor. -- Senator Albert J. Beveridge (Indiana), 1899

8 THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA Became a state on January 3, 1959 In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million Some thought it was a silly idea and called it Seward s Icebox or Seward s Folly Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, oil and gold.

9 U.S. TAKES HAWAII Hawaii had been economically important to Americans for centuries To avoid import taxes (tariffs), sugar growers pleaded for annexation (to join the U.S.) The U.S. knew the value of the Islands they had built a naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 Led by Sanford Dole, American annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959

10 Spanish American War

11 THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR America had long held an interest in Cuba When Cubans unsuccessfully rebelled against Spanish rule in the late 19 th century, American sympathy went out to the Cuban people After Spain abolished slavery in Cuba in 1886, Americans invested millions in Cuban sugar Cuba is just 90 miles south of Florida

12 CUBA S SECOND WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE Anti-Spain feelings in Cuba soon erupted into a second war for independence Led by poet Jose Marti, Cuba attempted a revolution in 1895 Marti deliberately destroyed property, including American sugar plants, hoping to provoke American intervention Marti

13 WAR FEVER ESCALATES Newspaper publishers William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal) and Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) exaggerated Spanish atrocities and brutality in Headline Wars

14 What was Yellow Journalism? Exciting but untrue stories printed by a newspaper to attract more readers and sell more newspapers

15 U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES Early in 1888, President McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba in order to bring home American citizens in danger On February 15, 1898, the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana More than 260 men were killed

16 WAR ERUPTS WITH SPAIN There was no holding back those that wanted war with Spain Newspapers blamed the Spanish for bombing the U.S.S. Maine (recent investigations have shown it was a fire inside the Maine) Remember the Maine! became a rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba

17 Causes or Reasons for War 1. Protection of American business or economic interests in Cuba 2. American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain

18 3. The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana Harbor of Cuba, raising tensions between Spain and the U.S.

19 SO under pressure from American public opinion, President William McKinley declared war on Spain in 1898

20 THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN A naval blockade of Cuba was followed by a land invasion highlighted by Roosevelt s Rough Rider victory at San Juan Hill

21 The War in Cuba 17,000 troops were sent in wool with outdated weapons The Rough Riders took San Juan Hill outside Santiago led by Teddy Roosevelt They were a group of athletes, cowboys, miners, etc.

22 Theodore Roosevelt was the leader of a special army unit called the Rough Riders. With the help of the 10 th Cavalry, they defeated Spanish troops at the battle of San Juan Hill.

23 The Spanish- American War was also fought in the Philippines

24 THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES U.S. forces surprised Spain by attacking the Spanish colony of the Philippines. 11,000 Americans joined forces with Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo.

25 The United States attacked and destroyed Spain s Pacific fleet in the Philippine Islands

26 THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES By August, 1898 Spain had surrendered to the U.S. in Manila.

27 ACQUIRING NEW LANDS The U.S had to decide how to rule the new lands. Puerto Rico wanted their independence but the U.S. had other plans. Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically. The U.S. set up a civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system.

28 THE WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN The American Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet and paved the way for an invasion of Puerto Rico (Spanish colony).

29 Now the U.S. controls the Pacific island of Guam Puerto Rico and the Philippines. NOTE: Puerto Rico & Guam remain territories of the U.S. today.

30 U.S. WINS; SIGNS TREATY OF PARIS Treaty of Paris, 1898 The U.S. and Spain signed an armistice on August 12, 1898, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called a splendid little war. The war lasted only 16 weeks and 500 died. Cuba was now independent. U.S. receives Guam, Puerto Rico, and buys the Philippines for $20 million.

31 CUBA AND THE UNITED STATES The Treaty of Paris granted full independence to Cuba. The U.S signed an agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment in Key features of Platt included the right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on the island and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Cuba had become a protectorate of the U.S. Today, the U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

32 FILIPINOS REBEL Filipinos reacted with rage to the American annexation. Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo vowed to fight for freedom and in 1899 he led a rebellion. The 3-year war claimed 20,000 Filipino rebels, 4,000 American lives and $400,000,000 (20x the price the U.S. paid for the land).

33 The United States was now seen as a world power.

34 Remember the WAR Causes U.S. SAW Cuba needed help U.S. SAW the Maine explode U.S. SAW Yellow Journalism Effects/Results U.S. SAW Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines become ours U.S. SAW Cuba independent U.S. SAW World Power

35 AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER- Their foreign policies Two events signaled America s continued climb toward being the #1 world power 1) Roosevelt negotiated a settlement between Russia and Japan who had been at War his successful efforts in negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth won Roosevelt the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize 2) Construction of Panama Canal

36 Economic interests and public opinion often influenced U.S. involvement in international affairs.

37 Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick Panama Canal Begun by French in 1880s US purchased the project for $40m from the bankrupt French canal company: gaining access to a six mile wide canal zone

38 THE PANAMA CANAL Big Stick at Work By the early 20 th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama. It would greatly reduce travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The shortcut

39 BUILDING THE PANAMA CANAL Cost- $380 million Workers Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time Construction took 10 years The French had already unsuccessfully attempted to build a canal through Panama America first had to help Panama win their independence from Colombia which it did in 2 days Construction of the Canal stands as one of the greatest engineering feats of all-time

40 Almost 1,000,000 ships have passed through the canal, which became sole property of Panama in the year 2000.

41 Roosevelt adds to the Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Europe stay out of our backyard the America s and we will stay out of yours Europe Roosevelt Corollary: We acted as police.

42 Teddy Roosevelt- Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary (addition) to the Monroe Doctrine (1904) Pres. Monroe said to Europe stay out of our backyard and we will stay out of yours. Teddy added we have the right to interfere in economic matters of the Americas. Roosevelt added the right of the U.S. to intervene in their backyard if security threatened. International POLICE Painted ships white, sailed around world

43 The United States expanded its interest in world affairs

44 Cuba gained independence from Spain.

45 The United States gained possession of territories overseas Guam Philippines Puerto Rico

46 w+lands%22+filetype:ppt&source=web&cd=31&ved=0cc8qfjaaob4&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.lcps.org%2fcms%2flib4 %2FVA %2FCentricity%2FDomain%2F4972%2FImperialism%2520PowerPoint%2520Website.ppt&ei=6MJIUc64N cvvigka_ydqcg&usg=afqjcng1wn-gqqhnvfl3tdoe0imgvjbmaw&bvm=bv ,d.cge U.S. II 5a; 1f, i