Spain-US Shared Interests: from Friendship to Partnership

Transcription

1 5 DECEMBER 212 in focus The Barcelona Centre for International Affairs Brief Spain-US Shared Interests: from Friendship to Partnership Security: the Path to a More Balanced Relationship The 1953 Mutual Defence Agreement signed by Spain and the US was the beginning of a long mutual cooperation in defence and security (see Graph 2). Since 1982 such agreements needed to be approved by the Spanish Parliament. The maximum number of US authorized in Spain during the 8s has been decreased from 14, to the current 4,8. In 212 a new agreement on defence cooperation was signed to deploy 4 ballistic-missile defence warships by 214. CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Us Military Bases in Spain Torrejón Air Base (Madrid) Activated: 1957 Closed: 1998 Mission: Support to US Air Force, to provide command, control and logistics support to US and NATO operation. Headquarter of the Sixteenth Air Force of United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). Between 1966 and 1992 hosted the US Air Force fighters in Spain Zaragoza Air Base Activated: 1958 Closed: 1994 Mission: Providing support to US Air Force ARAGON MADRID Rota Naval Base (Cádiz) Active: Since 1955 Mission: Providing command, control and logistics support to US and NATO operation forces. Support to the US Navy Sixth Fleet (Mediterranean and North Atlantic) authorized personnel: Capacity: Current US military personnel: 4,25 military, 1, civil (22) 24 ships (military aerodrome facilities) 1,46 ANDALUSIA Morón Air Base (Sevilla) Active: Since 1956 Mission: Support US Air Force for military operations to the Mediterranean, Middle East and Africa 5 military, 75 civil (22) authorized personnel: Current US military 1 personnel: Located in Andalusia, Morón Air Base and Rota Naval Station are the two active US military bases in Spain. During last decade it had provided important support to the operations to the Mediterranean and Middle East region, as well as the War against Terrorism in Afghanistan. Torrejón and Zaragoza air bases were returned to the Spanish authorities in 1998 and 1994 respectively Sources: Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain. US Department of Defence. Base Structure Report

2 CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Main Security Agreements Between Spain and the US and Regulation of Military Bases FRIENDSHIP Main Security Agreements Morón Air Base Rota Naval Base Torrejón Air Base Zaragoza Air Base Mutual Defence Assistance Agreement Activated 1956 Activated 1957 Activated 1958 Activated Transferred to US Air Forces Europe (USAFE) Deployment of Polaris nuclear submarines Beginning Air Force presence in Spain Designated as the Primary Support Base (PSB) Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation Withdrawal of the fleet ballistic-missile nuclear submarine squadron Agreement on Friendship, Defence and Cooperation. authorized: 12, authorized: 386 authorized: 5,93 authorized: 4,57 authorized: 2,34 Referendum NATO: passed. Gradual reduction of US military presence 1986 Agreement on Defence Cooperation 1988 Progressive withdrawal of 4,5 and 5 civilians Progressive withdrawal of Desert Storm, Iraq Desert Storm, Iraq Desert Storm, Iraq Desert Storm, Iraq Restore Hope, Somalia Humanitarian Aid, Rwanda 1995 Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 1996 Humanitarian Aid, Zaire End of the Air Force presence 1998 Closed 1999 Allied Force, Kosovo High level Spanish-North Enduring Freedom, American Bilateral Committee 21 Afghanistan (CBAN) I Amendment of the Agreement on Defence Cooperation 22 authorized: 5 23 Iraqi Freedom, Iraq Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan authorized: 4,25 Closed II Amendment of the Agreement on Defence Cooperation Unified Protector, Libya Unified Protector, Libya Future deployment of 4 ballistic-missile defence warships as part of the European missile shield (214) PARTNERSHIP 2 Sources: Minister of Defence and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain. US Department of Defence. Base Structure Report Base participation in military missions

3 Economy: Becoming Prominent Partners Recovering trade after all The United States is the 5th world Spain s supplier, only surpassed by Italy, China, France and Germany (who leads the rank). And US is the 6th Spain s customer, just after United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Germany and France (who leads the rank). Spain is the 7th customer and the 9th US supplier. Furthermore, both countries share a similar trade profile: industrial products are the main goods exchanged, almost 75%, where intermediate goods and machinery and transport equipments lead the ranking. Evolution of Trade Spain-US (21-211) CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Exports from Spain Imports to Spain Trade Balance Million 1, 7,526 7,889 5,652 5,76 5, -2,675-5, 6,859 7,871-1, 11,283 1, Sources: DataComex, Secretary of State of Commerce, Spain 3

4 CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Significant investment flows in both ways Investments Balance US-Spain (21) Million 6, 5, 54,825 Affiliate Employees 18, 15, 4, 12, 3, 9, 2, 6, 1, 3, Stock of FDI Revenue of Affiliates Profit of Affiliates US in Spain Spain in US 43,544 42,794 17,29 26,681 75,237 2, US in Spain Spain in US Sources: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and Bureau of Economic Analysis (US) 4

5 Stock FDI from US into Spain (21), by sector Other activities Real State 3% 5% Finance 12% Information and telecommunications 7% Wholesale and retail trade 17% Manufacturing industry 56% CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Stock FDI from Spain into US (21), by sector Electricity, gas and water 23% Finance 54% Manufacturing Mining, quarring industry and petroleum 6% 6% Wholesale and retail trade 4% Construction 3% Real state 1% Tourism 1% Other activities 2% Sources: DataInvex, Secretary of State of Commerce, Spain 5

6 CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 People and Communication The air traffic between the US and Spain has shown a sustained growth since 2. According to the Spanish Airports and Air Navigation Authority (AENA), in 211 there was a total amount of 2,968,913 people travelling from one country to the other, a figure that has doubled since the year 2. Total Passengers Flow Between the US and Spain (2-211) Passengers 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, Landing in Spain Departing from Spain 8, 6, 4, 2, Source: AENA Total Merchandise Flow Between the US and Spain (2-211) While Spanish demand for American goods have been very stable in terms of kilos of product transported (with two demand peaks in 25 and 27) on the average, the US demand of goods shows two clear tendencies: a sharp decrease until 29 and a sharp increase from then on. Kg 45,, 4,, 35,, 3,, 25,, 2,, 15,, 1,, 5,, Landing in Spain Departing from Spain Source: AENA 6

7 Top 1 Air Routes Between US And Spain Main Aerial Routes for Passengers. TOP 1 6% Chicago /Ohare Intl. 4% 4% 5% Newark/Intl. Philadelphia Intl. Washington /Dulles Intl. 24% New York /John F.Kennedy Intl. 11% CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 4% Dallas/Fort Worth Intl Atlanta/William B Hartsfield 4% 5% 16% Miami /Internacional Madrid-Barajas Barcelona-El Prat Source: AENA 7

8 CIDOB Barcelona Centre for International Affairs. December 212 Spain and The United States as Tourist Destinations The exchange of American and Spanish Tourists (24-21) Passengers 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, US Spain In 211, the number of US citizens who visited Spain accounted for people (2.2% of all tourists visiting Spain). At the same time, 7, Spanish tourists travelled to the US in 211, which is 9% higher that the previous year, recovering again the path of sustained growth that had been broken in Source: 211 Market Profile: Spain, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries and Instituto de Estudios Turísticos for Spain Education: the Emerging Factor There were 4,924 Spanish students in the US, a figure that inserted Spain in the 25 countries ranking of student providers to the US institutions. Spain is the third preferred destination in the world for American students to study abroad, with 25,965 students in Spanish institutions (a 1% of total). Americans still prefer United Kingdom and Italy to Spain, while other traditional destinations such as France or Australia seem to be loosing attraction. Top 1 Destinations of US Study Abroad Students 35, 3, 25, 3, 15, 1, 5, U. Kingdom Italy Spain France China Australia Germany Costa Rica Ireland Argentina 25,411 25, Source: Open Doors Report, Institute of International Education. Students are people enrolled in superior education, undergraduate, graduate, other superior studies and Optional Practical Training 8