General Certificate of Secondary Education History. Unit 2: The Cold War Higher Tier [GHY22] FRIDAY 23 MAY, MORNING

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1 General Certificate of Secondary Education 2014 History Unit 2: The Cold War Higher Tier [GHY22] FRIDAY 23 MAY, MORNING *GHY22* GHY22 TIME 1 hour 15 minutes. INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number on the Answer Booklet provided. Answer two questions: all questions in Section A and one question from the choice in Section B. If needed, you can ask for more sheets to finish your answers. Please attach these sheets to your booklet using the treasury tag supplied. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The total mark for this paper is 60. Quality of written communication will be assessed in Section A Question 1(b), (c) and (d) and in Section B. Spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar will be assessed in Section A Question 1(d) and in Section B. Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to each question or part question. A Resource Booklet referring to Question 1 accompanies this paper. 8971

2 For Question 1 refer to the source material in the Resource Booklet. Section A Answer all of this section. In Question 1(d) a maximum of 5 additional marks is available for the use of spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar. 1 This question is about the Cuban Missile Crisis. (a) Study Source A. What does Source A tell us about the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the reputations of Kennedy and Khrushchev? [4] (b) Study Sources A and B. How far does Source B support the view in Source A that Kennedy and Khrushchev both gained something from the Cuban Missile Crisis? [6] (c) Study Source C. How useful and reliable is Source C to an historian studying the effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis on relations between the USA and the USSR? [8] (d) Using Sources A, B and C and your own knowledge, explain why there are different interpretations of the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on the USA and the USSR. [10] and [SPaG 5]

3 Section B Answer one question from this section. In all questions a maximum of 5 additional marks is available for the use of spelling, punctuation and the accurate use of grammar. 2 This question is about the Cold War in Europe between 1945 and Explain how and why the city of Berlin affected relations between the USA and the USSR between 1945 and Use the following guidelines to help you with your answer and any other relevant information. Tensions over Berlin, The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, Tensions over Berlin in the 1950s The Berlin Wall, [22] and [SPaG 5] 3 This question is about the Korean War, Explain how and why the USA, USSR and China became involved in the Korean War between 1950 and Use the following guidelines to help you with your answer and any other relevant information. Reasons for involvement of the USA in Korea in 1950 Actions of the USA in the Korean War Reasons for involvement of the USSR and the USSR s actions in the Korean War China s fears and military actions. [22] and [SPaG 5] 4 This question is about challenges to the USSR s control over Eastern Europe, Explain why the USSR faced challenges to its control in Hungary and Czechoslovakia between 1956 and 1968 and how it dealt with these challenges. Use the following guidelines to help you with your answer and any other relevant information. Reasons for the Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Actions of the USSR in dealing with the Hungarian Revolution, 1956 Reasons for unrest in Czechoslovakia, 1968 Actions taken by the USSR to deal with unrest in Czechoslovakia, [22] and [SPaG 5]

4 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 8971/4

5 General Certificate of Secondary Education 2014 History Unit 2: The Cold War Foundation and Higher Tiers [GHY21] [GHY22] friday 23 may, morning RESOURCE BOOKLET 8996

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7 The Cuban Missile Crisis Source A: a modern historian, writing in 1996, comments on the impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis on President Kennedy and Khrushchev Kennedy and Khrushchev both gained something from the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy emerged from the Cuban Missile Crisis with a greatly improved reputation in his own country and throughout the world. Kennedy had stood up to Khrushchev and made him back down. However, Khrushchev was also able to claim a personal triumph, as Cuba remained a useful ally in the USA s backyard. In the USSR, the fact that Khrushchev had been forced to back down by Kennedy was quickly forgotten. Instead, Khrushchev s role as a responsible peacemaker, willing to make the first move towards compromise, was made clear. Source: Adapted from A Modern World, Allan Todd, Oxford University Press (2001) Source B: robert Kennedy, brother of President Kennedy and one of his chief advisers during the Cuban Missile Crisis, writing in 1968 When it was all over, President Kennedy made no attempt to take the credit for how the crisis had ended. He did not want to claim any kind of victory. He respected Khrushchev for the actions he had taken to reach a peaceful solution and avoid a nuclear war. President Kennedy believed that the end of the crisis was really a victory for the people of the entire world, and not for either the USA or the USSR. No one would have to suffer the horrors of nuclear war. Source: Adapted from GCSE Modern World History, Ben Walsh, Hodder (1996) Source C: a letter from Khrushchev, leader of the USSR, to Fidel Castro, President of Cuba, 30 October 1962, after the crisis Our enemies (the USA) will see the events of the last few weeks in their own way. But we believe that the USA has been the loser here. The USA made plans to attack Cuba but we stopped them. We forced the USA to promise to the world that they will never do this again. We see this as a great victory for Communism

8 Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 8996/3