2014/2015. Report from Divisions and Other Committees. July October August September Report of Activities 2014/2015

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1 26 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 Ir Charles Richard KENDALL Aircraft Ir Derek C H LOUIE Biomedical Ir David N S CHAN Building Ir HO Siu Kwong Electrical Ir TANG Sing Sum Control, Automation & Instrumentation Ir Patrick Y F CHEUNG Building Services July 2014 Ir Stephen W K CHIK Civil Ir Henry N S CHEUNG Electronics Ir Prof Irene M C LO Environmental October 2014 Ir Gilbert K C LAW Fire Geotechnical : To promote geotechnical engineering to the younger generation, the Day Camp for Geotechnical Engineers of Tomorrow was held in collaboration with the Civil Engineering and Development Department. August 2014 Civil : An Inspire the Young workshop on the use of gabions was delivered by Ir Y C Chan, former Head of Geotechnical Engineering Office of the HKSAR Government. September 2014 Young Members Committee: A technical visit was arranged for 24 participants to learn about 3D printing technology at a local company. The group was given a brief introduction on 3D scanning and rapid prototyping technology. They were amazed by the cutting-edge printing technology and how it might change the future of manufacturing. Building Services : A career talk for building services engineering (BSE) students attracted the attendance of 70. Committee members from different sectors of the field, including Ir Patrick Cheung, Ir K T Cheuk, Ir Jonathan Lee, Ir Ethan Poon and Ir Andy Yuen, shared their experience in the BSE profession with students on the occasion. Civil : The annual dinner with Inspire the Young Pride of Civil Engineering as the theme was attended by more than 500 fellow members and guests. Sir Ir Gordon Wu was the guest of honour. Highlights of the evening were singing performances by the President, the office bearers of the and young engineers, followed by a dance performance by a team of kindergarten students. The performances demonstrated how engineers served our community, through which the message was passed to young engineers and students. A photo corridor was also created to highlight the major infrastructure projects that had supported our population and economic growth over the last 30 years.

2 27 Ir Gary C W KO Gas & Energy Ir Rupert K Y LEUNG Geotechnical Ir Prof William H K LAM Logistics & Transportation Ir HO Sau Chiu Manufacturing & Industrial Ir Dr Alain K L LAM Nuclear Ir Dr Vincent T Y NG Information Technology Ir TAM Chun Kit Mechanical, Marine, Naval Architecture & Chemical Ir Martin W T TSOI Structural Ir Stanley Douglas CHEESMAN Materials Ir Aldows H C TANG Authorised Person/ Registered Structural Engineer/ Registered Geotechnical Engineer Committee The 32nd annual symposium was held with the theme Powering into the Future. An opening speech was delivered by the President. In addition to the keynote speech delivered d by Ir Prof T S Zhao, a total of nine papers were presented. The symposium was well-received by more than 300 participants. Environmental : More than 120 participants attended the annual reception of the Environmental. Ir Cary Chan, the guest of honour, shared his experience and views on green practice and how to nurture young engineers in the environmental and green building fields. Mr Derek L Y MAN Associate Members Committee Ir Ryan H L CHAK Young Members Committee Ir Edwin K K LAU Safety Specialist Committee November 2014 Biomedical : The set up an exhibition booth at Innocarnival During the event, an interactive game on Life-sustaining Tools Developed by Biomedical Engineers, which simulated cardiovascular surgeries, was specially developed and launched to arouse the public s interest in applying engineering knowledge to medical and healthcare applications. Fire : More than 500 guests and members joined the annual dinner and enjoyed the gathering of old and new friends. A keynote speech was given by the guest of honour, Mr S W Hui, Director of Buildings. Mr Hui spoke on the contribution and development of fire engineering in the building industry, particularly in upgrading the fire safety standards of the built environment in Hong Kong.

3 28 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 Information Technology : The formed a delegation to visit the China Hi-Tech Fair to gain first-hand knowledge of the latest developments in the ICT industry. A special arrangement was made to reserve places for young members of the to join the delegation. Manufacturing & Industrial : A total of 60 tertiary students studying related subjects joined the Young Engineers Programme and Student Project Competition The programme was designed to enhance their understanding of the routes to become professional engineers and career/professional development through a series of technical visits and seminars. Mechanical, Marine, Naval Architecture & Chemical : A total of 13 participants supported the global United Nations Children s Fund campaign Unite for children, Unite against AIDS by taking part in a charity run to help raise funds for the campaign. December 2014 Aircraft : A technical visit to the Hong Kong Government Flying Service (GFS) was arranged for 30 participants. A briefing on the functions of the organisation ranging from firefighting to aerial survey was presented with photos and live footage of GFS in action. Participants demonstrated much interest by asking stimulating questions about repair overhaul and rescue experiences. Biomedical : The three-day biennial Biomedical Engineering International Conference 2014 entitled The Future of Biomedical Engineering from Vision to Reality was organised by the, drawing 500 attendees. World-renowned experts were invited to share knowledge and experience with participants on a wide spectrum of biomedical engineering topics, including medical imaging, medical technology applications, bioinformatics, etc. A medical software training course, paper presentations and the Best Student Paper Competition were also organised during the conference. Control, Automation & Instrumentation : The was invited to be one of the supporting organisations and a member of the judging panel at the Second Primary Students Innovation Contest, which attracted 88 submissions from 136 students of 21 primary schools. Environmental : With support from five host organisations/companies, namely CLP Power Hong Kong Limited, Swire Group, Hong Kong Productivity Council, Environmental Protection Department and The Hongkong Electric Company, Limited, the Job Shadowing Programme was launched to provide an opportunity for young people to explore the first-hand skills needed to succeed in today s and future job markets and to enhance their environmental awareness. A total of 110 tertiary and secondary school students took part in the programme. Information Technology : The continued to host the Hong Kong ICT Awards: Best Innovation Award this year on behalf of the Office of the Government Chief Information Officer. The event attracted an overwhelming response from the industry. January 2015 Safety Specialist Committee: The annual dinner was held and attended by more than 200 participants. Ir C S Wai, Permanent Secretary for Development (Works) was the guest of honour on the occasion. The award presentation ceremony for the student project competition was also held during the dinner to show the participating students our appreciation of the enormous effort they made in researching the field of engineering safety. February 2015 Associate Members Committee and Electronics : Around 30 participants took part in a technical visit to the Satellite Earth Station in Stanley jointly organised by the Associate Members Committee and Electronics. In addition to gaining understanding of the satellite facilities, participants were introduced to the history and development of satellite networks and given presentations on major topics related to the satellite communications industry. Nuclear : A career talk was arranged for 50 students studying nuclear and risk engineering at City University of Hong Kong. Speakers included Ir Richard Fung and Ir Ken Cheung. This career talk provided a good opportunity for students to have a direct dialogue with professionals working within the nuclear industry, so that they could become more familiar with the industry and its latest developments and better equip themselves for their studies. In the same month, the organised a seminar on What Do We Learn from Starting New Nuclear Plants? by Mr Jean-Marie Baggio of the World Association of Nuclear Operators (Hong Kong Office). Around 40 participants attended the seminar.

4 29 March 2015 Aircraft : A group of 30 participants joined a technical visit to the Aviation Services Research Centre (ASRC) of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. They were given overviews of ASRC and the aviation market, as well as an introduction of ongoing projects. Through the tour, participants were able to see the application of some world-class innovative technical concepts and their impact on the aviation industry. Building : The 14th Building annual seminar, Pursuing Excellence in Building and Construction, offered a constructive platform for professionals and industry practitioners to exchange views, experience, knowledge and innovative design that encourage sustainable and innovative building projects. Guests of honour and speakers included Ir Dr the Hon W K Lo, the President, Mr Eric Ma, Ir Philip Lai, Ir Anthony Chiu, Mr Marco Wu, Mr Tommy Wong, Mr Vincent Ng, Ir T S Chan and Ms Ada Fung. The seminar was well-received by some 250 participants. In the same month, the organised a delegation to Chengdu. The visit aimed to provide an opportunity for Hong Kong engineers to meet with academics and representatives of engineering organisations in the city and to understand more about its building developments and prevalent building design and construction practices. Building Services : Four experienced engineers from the, including the President, Ir Patrick Cheung, Ir Antonio Chan and Ir Joseph Lo, were invited to share their experience in different sectors of the field with 20 young engineers at a dinner gathering. Civil : The seminar, Inspire the Young What a Civil Engineer Must Know, was held with an overwhelming response from more than 400 attendees, which provided an opportunity for our young engineers to acquire all-round knowledge and basic concepts on different aspects of civil engineering. Ir C S Wai, Permanent Secretary for Development (Works), was the guest of honour. Control, Automation & Instrumentation : Sharing the Institution s goal of promoting career prospects in engineering and inspiring young people to join the engineering profession, the s annual symposium was themed CAI Technology to Inspire the Young. The event attracted the attendance of 120 participants. Logistics & Transportation : Officially launched in Session 2014/2015, the held its inaugural conference cum annual dinner on 6 March The event was attended by 150 participants, including the guests of honour The Hon Frankie Yick and Prof Anthony Cheung, Secretary for Transport and Housing, various speakers, members, as well as young engineers and students. The half-day conference covered the latest developments in sustainable transportation, civil aviation, town planning, multi-modal logistics, cold chain logistics and air cargo terminal developments. Mechanical, Marine, Naval Architecture & Chemical : The continued to organise the Young Inventor Competition in 2015, to give secondary school students an opportunity to show their engineering creativity. The 250 participants this year were required to design and build a hydraulic rocket to deliver a paratrooper by applying their knowledge of robotics and dynamics. Young Members Committee: A special event to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Committee was organised. Mr Paul Chan, Secretary for Development, was invited to share with 60 young engineers on the topic, Future Development of Hong Kong Challenges and Way Out. In the same month, an overseas delegation to the Netherlands was arranged for 16 participants. With the theme Living with Water, Building with Nature, our young engineers were offered a golden opportunity to explore different hydraulic engineering works protecting land against storm surges, as well as to study the Dutch waste management system with its high recycling rates and minimal landfill disposal; and experience green transportation at first-hand in the world s most bikefriendly country. April 2015 Building Services : The HKIE Student Chapters Joint Institutes Competition was organised with the theme of Green Living in Hong Kong. The Competition attracted 35 entrants from various Institutes. The President, Chairmen and representatives of various s served as judges for the Competition. Civil : Three university sharing sessions on the theme of Inspire the Young The Way to Become a Professional Civil Engineer were organised for 150 university students, providing a platform for them to meet our professional civil engineers and gain insights into career paths in different sectors of the industry. A clear message that civil engineers contribute to various aspects of society and improve everyone s living standards and that students should be proud to be civil engineers in the future was successfully passed to the students.

5 30 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 Electronics : Being the annual flagship event organised by the, the HKIE Electronics Symposium 2015 attracted 200 participants. The symposium embraced key technologies, applications, insights and best practices for Internet of Things, providing a platform for engineers, academics, executives and students to exchange professional knowledge and discover new insights. Environmental : The 2015 Environmental Paper Award was organised by the. An overwhelming number of submissions was received from academia as well as the private and public sectors on various management and technology topics such as carbon footprint reduction, waste-to-renewable energy, energy saving in buildings, solid waste management, water and wastewater treatment and waste separation and recycling. A prize presentation ceremony was held on 29 April Ms Christine Loh, Undersecretary for the Environment, was the guest of honour. Fire : A 23-member delegation visited the Shanghai Fire Training School and Research Institute. The delegation also visited the Shanghai World Finance Centre and Shanghai Tower (China s tallest building) to see the latest fire engineering design. Geotechnical : The organised a visit to the Western Service Reservoirs for 30 secondary school students. The programme included talks to introduce geotechnical engineering, background of the project and an update on cavern and underground space development in Hong Kong, followed by a guided tour of the reservoirs. In the same month, 25 participants joined the s technical visit to London, the UK. The visit aimed to enrich participants knowledge in the latest geotechnical engineering research, design and construction practices. The delegation visited research centres at the University of Cambridge, construction sites of Crossrail and Victoria & Arthur Museum, and were given several technical talks by prominent engineers and researchers. Logistics & Transportation : A 25-member delegation, including young members and students, was arranged to visit the logistics facilities and sites of transport infrastructure projects in Changsha. Manufacturing & Industrial : The 2015 Manufacturing & Industrial gala dinner was attended by 150 participants with Ir Dr the Hon W K Lo being the officiating guest and the President being the honorary guest. The event not only brought together industry professionals and experts, product/process developers, researchers, academics and those interested in innovation and technology, but also provided a platform for manufacturing & industrial engineering professionals to network, exchange views and share experience. Nuclear : The held its Annual General Meeting and technical seminar on Nuclear Power Plants in China and Our Environment. Dr M Y Tso Wong was invited to speak on the latest nuclear power plant developments in China and their impact on the environment in reversing the CO2 emission trend. Structural : The panel of judges chaired by Ir Prof Paul Pang assessed the Structural Excellence Award 2015 nominations. Young Members Committee: A group of 40 children participated in the two-day Little Engineer Training Programme, which was introduced to let our future generation know more about engineering and our great engineering works through games, visits and interactions with practising engineers. May 2015 Building : As one of the most significant events organised by the, the annual dinner has always been well-supported by academics and professionals of the building and construction industry. This year, around 450 members and guests gathered on the occasion to renew friendship and exchange views and insights into new building and infrastructure trends. Electrical : The has been organising the Electrical Model Design Competition for the past four years. Designed for secondary 1 to 3 students with the aim of arousing their interest in electrical engineering, the theme of this year s competition continued to be Hydro Power. The panel of judges included Ir Dr Edward Lo, Mr T C Yee, Ms Cynthia Woo and Ir S K Ho. More than 140 students entered the competition. Gas & Energy : The annual dinner of the was well-attended by 70 guests and leaders of the profession including Ir Dr the Hon W K Lo, the President and Ir Frank Chan, Director of the Electrical and Mechanical Services. The evening s highlight was the presentation of badges to all Past Chairmen of the to properly recognise their contribution. Geotechnical : The theme of Soil-structure Interaction: From Modelling to Observations was adopted for the s annual seminar, which was jointly organised with the Hong Kong Geotechnical Society and supported by the Civil and Structural.

6 31 The seminar attracted around 700 participants, providing a platform for members across the three disciplines to exchange ideas. Mr S W Hui, Director of Buildings, was the guest of honour. The keynote speech was given by Prof H G Poulos and selected papers from the 20 received spanning a wide spectrum of topics covering material behaviour, design methodologies and case studies were presented. Logistics & Transportation : A visit to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) construction site was organised for 40 participants. The group was received by the Deputy Chief Engineer of the HZMB Management Bureau and was presented with a simulated bridge model and a video introducing the mega project and the connectivity of the three places. The group also visited Hengqin, a newly-developed free trade zone next to Macau. The trip was relaxing yet informative. Materials : The annual dinner and prize presentation for the Best Paper on Materials Record organised by the were held with an attendance of 150 participants. The Chairman addressed the annual dinner, expressing his gratitude to the honoured guests for their attendance and to the Committee Members for their hard work. He also presented cash prizes to winners of the Best Paper Award. Mechanical, Marine, Naval Architecture & Chemical : Around 300 members and guests gathered for the annual dinner, which aimed to reinforce networking among members and strengthen professional collaboration with various sectors of the industry. Safety Specialist Committee: Best practice sharing is very important to the success of safety management. The Committee organised their 2015 annual symposium under the theme Best Practice for Health and Safety Engineering. More than 200 participants attended the Symposium. In the same month, the Committee invited Mr Eric Wong, Department Manager of United Christian Hospital s Physiotherapy Department, to conduct Health Training for Office Safety and Display Screen Equipment for more than 80 participants. Mr Chan shared practical tips on control measures to reduce office and display screen equipment hazards, as well as exercises to relieve stresses from daily work. June 2015 Aircraft : A series of 13 technical seminars were delivered to 800 participants taking part in the Securing Safer Skies International Conference organised by the. Topics focused mainly on initial certification of aircraft and continuing airworthiness. The broad spectrum of aviation industries covered in the two-day event broadened views of participants and was surely inspiring to the younger generation in particular. Electrical : Targeted at senior secondary school students, the Energy Innovation Project Competition has been organised by the since The aim of the competition is to encourage creative ideas for energy-efficient applications through the related promotional campaign. More than 300 participants joined the Competition this year. Fire : A group of 15 participants met with Council Members of the Macau Institution of Engineers to exchange information and views on continuing professional development and potential joint events. Information Technology : The took an active leading role in organising the Robocon 2015 Hong Kong Contest. Teams from local tertiary institutions utilised their technological and innovative skills to create robots for Robominton (i.e. Badminton Robo-Game), in order to compete for an opportunity to represent Hong Kong at the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union Robot Contest held in Indonesia in August Manufacturing & Industrial : A technical visit to Beijing and Tianjin was organised for 30 participants. The delegation visited the China Science and Technology Association, key universities in Beijing and Tianjin, and some corporations in the Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area. Structural : Apart from organising more than 45 activities throughout the Session for continuous professional development of its over 6,300 members and promotion of the profession, to inspire young people to be future leaders in engineering, the Structural co-organised the Structural Engineering Competition for the Youth: Paper Tower Challenge with the Education Bureau (EDB) at the end of the Session, which aimed to instill in secondary school students their interest in structural engineering and develop their team spirit, logical thinking and engineering skills through the construction of a paper tower. The President and the Principal Assistant Secretary of EDB have been invited to officiate the Competition held in mid-july 2015 and more than 100 students from 26 secondary schools have registered for the event. Further, the also issued two explanatory handbooks on the Codes of Practice for Foundations and Precast Concrete Construction to enhance the understanding on the application of these codes by the industry.

7 32 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 Mr Andrew GRIDLEY, Director of Operations of Aviation Services Research Centre, PolyU, introducing visitors to a device with robotic arms during the Technical Visit to the Centre (AC) A group photo taken in front of the Eurocopter EC155 B1 helicopter during the Technical Visit to the Hong Kong Government Flying Service (AC) All attendees practised exercises to release stresses at the Health Training on Office Safety and Display Screen Equipment (SSC) Visitors played the interactive game entitled Life-sustaining Tools Developed by Biomedical Engineers at the exhibition booth of BM at the InnoCarnival 2014 (BM) Technical Visit to Precast Factory in Mainland China (ST) Audiences enjoyed the first keynote presentation by Mr Jonathan GAEV of ECRI Institute at the Biomedical Engineering International Conference 2014 (BM) A group photo taken at Dialogue with Experienced Engineers (BS) A group photo taken at a high-rise residential complex construction site during the Delegation Visit to Chengdu (BD) A group photo taken at the HKIE Student Chapters Joint Institutes Competition 2014/2015 (BS)

8 33 Guests sharing experience in the BSE profession at the Career Talk for BSE Students (BS) A group photo of Guest of Honour Mr Eric MA, Under Secretary for Development (8th from left); Opening Address Speaker Ir Dr the Hon W K LO (6th from left); Ir David CHAN, Chairman (7th from left) and members of BD Committee taken at the 14th Annual Seminar Pursuing Excellence in Buildings and Construction (BD) A group photo of fantastic performers including the President, Fellow Members, young engineers and K3 students taken at the Annual Dinner Inspire the Young Pride of Civil Engineering (CV) A group photo of Guest of Honour, speakers, Chairman and Committee members taken at the Civil Seminar 2015 on Inspire the Young What a Civil Engineer Must Know (CV) The International Conference on Securing Safer Skies was well-received by more than 800 participants (AC) A group photo taken at a University Sharing Session on Inspire the Young The Way to Become a Professional Civil Engineer held at PolyU (CV) A group photo of guests, judging panel and winners taken at the 2nd Hong Kong Student Innovative Invention Contest (CA) Welcome Address by Ir Eddie LOCK, Deputy Organising Committee the Annual Symposium on CAI Technology to Inspire the Young (CA)

9 34 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 More than 300 participants attended the Annual Symposium on Powering into the Future (EL) A group photo of Guests of Honour and the finalist school teams of the Energy Innovation Project Competition (EL) A group photo of students, judges and Organising Committee members taken at the Electrical Model Design Competition (EL) A fruitful panel discussion on the future of Internet of Things (IoT) held at the Hong Kong Electronics Symposium 2015 on Sustainable IoT Development for Smart Cities (EN) Members had a joyful visit to the Satellite Earth Station at Stanley (EN) Students visiting the ElectriCity at Castle Peak Power Station of CLP (EV) A group photo taken at the Shanghai Fire Research Institute during the Delegation Visit to Shanghai (FE) Workshop of the Little Engineer Training Programme (YMC) Ir Richard FUNG (Middle) and Ir Ken CHEUNG (Right) of NE received souvenirs from Mr Ray CHENG, Chairman of the HKIE Student Chapter CityU at the Career Talk to CityU s Nuclear and Risk Engineering Students (NE)

10 35 Ir W F CHUNG explaining the operation of the service reservoirs during the Secondary School Student Visit to Western Service Reservoirs (GE) A group photo of the delegation taken in front of the Schofield Centre, Cambridge University during the Technical Visit to London, the United Kingdom (GE) YMC Overseas Delegation 2015 to the Netherlands Living with Water, Building with Nature (YMC) A group photo taken during an exchange with the Macau Institution of Engineers (FE) A group photo of awardees with Ms Christine LOH, Under Secretary for the Environment and Ir Prof Irene LO, EV taken at the Best Paper Award (EV) HKICT Awards 2015: Best Innovation Award Presentation Ceremony held on 10 April 2015 (IT) A group photo of participants taken at the Robocon 2015 Hong Kong Contest 2015Briefing on 23 May 2015 (IT) A group photo taken during the Delegation Visit to the China Hi- Tech Fair (IT)

11 36 Report from s and Other Committees 2014/2015 A group photo taken after the Inaugural Conference and Dinner (LT) A group photo with the President and Past Chairmen taken at the Annual Dinner (EG) (LT) Participants enjoyed sharing with the Secretary for Development at the YMC 30th Anniversary Special Event (YMC) A group photo of the Organising Committee taken at the Annual Dinner (MC) A group photo of participants of the Young Inventor Competition 2015 (MC) A group photo taken at the MI End of Session Ceremony 2015 on 6 June 2015 (MI) A group photo of the Organising Committee taken at the 2015 MI Gala Dinner (MI)

12 37 A group photo of participants of the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) Charity Run (MC) A group photo taken at Airbus Tianjin during the Technical Visit to Beijing and Tianjin (MI) Annual Dinner and Structural Excellence Award Presentation 2014 (ST) Ms H L HUI (Left), winner of the Best Paper on Materials with Ir Stanley CHEESMAN, MT at the Annual Dinner (MT) A group photo taken with the Guest Speaker Dr M Y TSO WONG at the 28th Annual General Meeting of NE cum Technical Seminar on Nuclear Power Plants in China and Our Environment (NE) Ir Dr Alain LAM (Right), NE presented a souvenir to Mr Jean-Marie BAGGIO (Left) at the Seminar on What Do We Learn from Starting New Nuclear Plants? (NE) A group photo taken at the SSC Safety Symposium Best Practice for Health and Safety Engineering (from L to R) Ir Dr Jeffrey YUNG; Ir K C LAU; Ms Jo LING; Ir Victor CHEUNG, President; Guest of Honour Ir C K HON, Mr Steve HOWARTH, Mr Lawrence HO and Ir Dr Joseph CHI (SSC) A group photo (from L to R) of Ir Dr Jeffrey YUNG; Ir K C LAU; Ir Victor CHEUNG, President; Guest of Honour Ir C S WAI; Ir Edwin LAU; Ir Dr Joseph CHI and Ir Raymond WONG taken at the Annual Dinner (SSC)

13 38 Membership of s/committees (as at 29 June 2015) /Committee Membership Aircraft AC 662 Associate Members Committee AMC 1,135 Biomedical BM 371 Building BD 2,691 Building Services BS 5,746 Civil CV 9,513 Control, Automation & Instrumentation CA 1,531 Electrical EL 3,629 Electronics EN 1,594 Environmental EV 5,178 Fire FE 796 Gas & Energy EG 1,327 Geotechnical GE 4,963 Information Technology IT 2,748 Logistics & Transportation LT 307 Manufacturing & Industrial MI 996 Materials MT 720 Mechanical, Marine, Naval Architecture & Chemical MC 3,493 Nuclear NE 310 Structural ST 6,344 Safety Specialist Committee SSC 6,731 Young Members Committee YMC 5,353 / Committee AC AMC BM BD BS CV CA EL EN EV FE EG GE IT LT MI MT MC NE ST SSC YMC Membership 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000