Global Workforce Trends. Quarterly Market Report September 2017

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1 Global Trends Quarterly Market Report September 2017

2 Global Table of Contents Global Trends Regional Highlights Detailed Country Level Analysis North, South, & Central America Europe, Middle East, & Africa Asia-Pacific ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 2

It should not be interpreted as legal advice.

3 Global This report is intended to provide an overview of general business information relative to global employment conditions and considerations. It should not be interpreted as legal advice. Please consult with legal counsel to ensure that you are in compliance with all applicable laws. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 3

4 Global Global Trends ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 4

Global Q3 17 Global Trends Informal Workers rising by 5-8% globally Restrictions on Migrant Workers increase sourcing reliance in-country Paid Leave & Pension Contributions are fastest increasing

5 Global Q3 17 Global Trends Informal Workers rising by 5-8% globally Restrictions on Migrant Workers increase sourcing reliance in-country Paid Leave & Pension Contributions are fastest increasing burdens globally Continuing Education is morphing into Skills Redevelopment (MFG in particular) Legislative Changes Tax, visa, burdens, contracts reporting, payrolling and overtime Generational Skills Availability, demographics, experience, education and tenure Talent Migration Patterns Talent, sustainability, movement, language proficiency and access Payrolling Tax is rising by an average of 1.2% Less than 2% of global employers Upskilling Current Compensation Analysis Salaries, pay rates, burdens, incentives, schedules and severance ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 5 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

6 Global Top Five Global Labor Markets ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 6 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

7 Global Retention Efforts are Increasing Focus that Reinforce Productivity, yet Escalate Labor Costs ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 7 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary &

8 Global Informal Workers Represent Higher % of in Less Mature Markets ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 8 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

Global Flexibility in labor law, but these countries require dedicated programs Flexible legislation and abundant workers enable MSP delivery in these markets usually leveraged on price 1 Relative

9 Global Flexibility in labor law, but these countries require dedicated programs Flexible legislation and abundant workers enable MSP delivery in these markets usually leveraged on price 1 Relative rank calculated based on active regulations related to contractual terms, costs or labor and termination, hiring and firing restrictions, and enforced consequences 2 Relative rank determined by MSP awareness, knowledge, and adoption More innovative models not restricted An established partner is required in to contingent labor are necessary these markets to manage labor legislation and achieve flexibility and efficiency ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 9 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

10 Global Global Parity Tracker: Full Pay & Benefit Parity Australia Bahrain Belarus Bolivia Chile Costa Rica Dominican Rep. Ecuador El Salvador No Parity Required Guatemala Israel Macau Monaco Morocco New Zealand Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Serbia Singapore Thailand Tunisia UAE Ukraine Just Benefit Parity Canada Hong Kong Japan Mexico USA* Just Pay Parity Colombia Croatia India Lithuania Romania Russia Switzerland Turkey Vietnam Argentina Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria China Croatia Czech Rep. Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Honduras Hungary India Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Korea (South) Latvia Luxembourg Malaysia Netherlands Nicaragua Norway Peru Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Taiwan United Kingdom Uruguay Venezuela USA* Full benefit parity is not required but the Healthcare Reform Bill is moving the USA in this direction ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 10 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

11 Global Regional Highlights ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 11

Strategic Update on Americas North America Employment in Mexico had been continually rising since August 2014 due to efforts to increase operating capacity and continued expectations of increased

According to the International Monetary Fund, labor laws that offer generous protection to workers result in ~53% of Peru s workforce being outside the formal job market, with no protection, no

12 Strategic Update on Americas North America Employment in Mexico had been continually rising since August 2014 due to efforts to increase operating capacity and continued expectations of increased output. Latin America In Peru, labor market regulations discourage entrepreneurs from formally incorporating their business activity and instead pay workers under the table. According to the International Monetary Fund, labor laws that offer generous protection to workers result in ~53% of Peru s workforce being outside the formal job market, with no protection, no social security or unemployment contributions and paying no taxes. Chile's jobless rate remained stable at 7.0% during the second quarter. Brazil has amended its Labor Code and related regulations through the implementation of significantly less restrictive rules which are more consistent with present-day employment relationships than the previous codes enacted in In Canada, the Keep Ontario Working Coalition, which includes groups such as the Ontario Chamber of Commerce and the Retail Council of Canada, warned that as many as 185,000 jobs will be jeopardized by a proposed bundle of employment changes including the $15 minimum wage on January 1, In late July, the United States government said it would resume fast processing of H 1B visas requested by institutions of higher education and nonprofit and governmental research organizations while leaving in place a longer approval time for companies that use the visas. More than 517,000 Mexican workers gained access to social security in the first half of 2017, a 17% increase from a year ago and the most in at least two decades. Official data showed the percentage of workers in the informal economy has fallen to 57.2%, down from a peak of 60% during the 2009 global crisis. Proprietary & Confidential 12 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

Strategic Update on EMEA Eastern Europe Eastern Europe faces the end of an economic era with employment rates at record highs, and workers demanding wages closer to western levels, the cheaplabor

13 Strategic Update on EMEA Eastern Europe Eastern Europe faces the end of an economic era with employment rates at record highs, and workers demanding wages closer to western levels, the cheaplabor model that has driven growth is on the way out. With record low unemployment rates of ~3.7% across the region, wages are rising faster than in the West led by Hungary with a 12.8% year-on-year increase. The Czech Republic s manufacturing industry now accounts for the largest proportion of its economy compared with others in the EU, and represents more than a third of all employment. Increased competition from new players in Eastern Europe leveraging skilled manpower in digital technologies has become a key challenge for the Indian IT- BPM sector. Western Europe France and other West European countries have been growingly opposed to people from poorer East European countries of the European Union working for wages that are common in their home countries as these wages often do not reach the legal level of the minimum pay in the west of the EU. A major German bank s most likely Brexit scenario foresees shifting about 4,000 jobs to continental Europe from the United Kingdom over several years. The bank will transfer most of the positions to Frankfurt and Berlin when the UK quits the European Union. No plans have been finalized and numbers could change depending on the outcome of the UK s negotiations with the EU. Nominal unemployment in Germany climbed to 2.5 million as about 45,000 people lost their jobs causing the jobless rate to edge up a notch to 5.6%, but it remains at a historical low thanks to robust economic growth in the country boosted by the recovery in the Eurozone. Since 2014, Spain has created more than two million jobs, bringing the unemployment rate down from a peak of 26.2% to an eight-year low of 17.2% today. Proprietary & Confidential 13 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

Strategic Update on APAC Asia Pacific Minimum wage in Vietnam is determined regionally and on a per month basis, with the four regions ranked according to their socio-economic development.

Labor shortages in Japan have reached a new level of severity, with more permanent jobs open than there were applicants for the first time on record.

14 Strategic Update on APAC Asia Pacific Minimum wage in Vietnam is determined regionally and on a per month basis, with the four regions ranked according to their socio-economic development. The regional minimum wage for 2018 is expected to increase by 6.5%, equal to VNĐ180, ,000 (US$8-10) a month, the lowest increase ever. Labor shortages in Japan have reached a new level of severity, with more permanent jobs open than there were applicants for the first time on record. The data suggest labor shortages are spreading beyond the ranks of casual, part time staff to the regular, salaried employees. After a decades long shift towards insecure contract work and a two tier labor market, companies are having to offer permanent jobs to find employees. South Korea s minimum wage is set to increase next year by 16% to 7,530 won ($6.60) per hour, the biggest jump since Labor advocates had initially requested a 55% hike while business representatives suggested just 2.4%. Hong Kong's unemployment rate for the April June period fell to 3.1%, a more than three year low, as the labor market tightened further amid an improvement in tourism and consumer sentiment. China s employment laws remain very much location based. Thus it is particularly important to understand the employment laws in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, as these three cities contain the bulk of foreign companies with Chinese employees. India double its national minimum wage to about Rs 18,000 per month as the labor ministry is set to relook at the formula currently used to determine the floor level. The ministry is expected to take into consideration a proposal to double the units or individuals considered per family to six from three. Proprietary & Confidential 14 Source: ManpowerGroup Solutions 2017

15 Global Detailed Country Analysis North, South, & Central America ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 15

16 Global Argentina Agriculture 0.5 % Services 74.7% Industry 24.0% (9% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 20,053,024 Employees 13,728,942 Non Standard 4,479,204 Unemployed Workers 1,844,878 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $20,721 $626 $2,162 $973 $894 Argentina Regional Average United States Argentina Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 16

17 Global Bolivia Agriculture 32 % Services 48 % Industry 20 % (50% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 5,418,255 Employees 2,092,330 Non Standard 3,125,450 Unemployed Workers 200,475 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $54,684 $856 $1,176 $361 $313 Bolivia Regional Average United States Bolivia Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 17

18 Global Brazil Agriculture 15 % Services 72 % Industry 13 % (10% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 107,571,331 Employees 67,476,269 Non Standard 26,110,789 Unemployed Workers 13,984,273 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $40,566 $1,351 $642 $3,283 $2,170 Brazil Regional Average United States Brazil Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 18

19 Global Canada Agriculture 2 % Services 78 % Industry 20 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 19,668,700 Employees 16,052,157 Non Standard 2,377,415 Unemployed Workers 1,239,128 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $49,230 $2,522 $3,324 $5,023 $4,252 Canada Regional Average United States Canada Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 19

20 Global Chile Agriculture 9 % Services 67 % Industry 24 % (10% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 8,960,806 Employees 6,125,159 Non Standard 2,208,391 Unemployed Workers 627,256 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $42,411 $1,951 $1,177 $3,453 $3,504 Chile Regional Average United States Chile Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 20

21 Global Colombia Agriculture 16 % Services 64 % Industry 20 % (31% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 25,402,197 Employees 11,062,682 Non Standard 12,129,524 Unemployed Workers 2,209,991 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $23,997 $2,496 $1,496 $340 $298 Colombia Regional Average United States Colombia Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 21

22 Global Costa Rica Agriculture 13 % Services 68 % Industry 19 % (9% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,335,665 Employees 1,613,536 Non Standard 523,598 Unemployed Workers 198,532 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $50,204 $1,026 $575 $2,540 $6,342 Costa Rica Regional Average United States Costa Rica Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 22

23 Global Dominican RepublicAgriculture 15 % Services 65 % Industry 20 % (20% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,893,963 Employees 2,333,686 Non Standard 1,909,380 Unemployed Workers 650,897 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $5,707 $273 $292 $444 $645 Dominican Republic Regional Average United States Dominican Republic Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 23

24 Global Ecuador Agriculture 25 % Services 54 % Industry 20 % (34% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 7,506,436 Employees 4,113,107 Non Standard 3,002,995 Unemployed Workers 390,335 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $38,044 $604 $830 $3,200 $1,500 Ecuador Regional Average United States Ecuador Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 24

25 Global El SalvadorAgriculture 20 % Services 60 % Industry 20 % (30% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,936,050 Employees 1,518,758 Non Standard 1,232,615 Unemployed Workers 184,678 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $17,760 $300 $300 $692 $708 El Salvador Regional Average United States El Salvador Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 25

26 Global Guatemala Agriculture 33 % Services 50 % Industry 17 % (39% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 6,530,228 Employees 2,853,834 Non Standard 3,473,957 Unemployed Workers 202,437 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $21,581 $2,725 $3,134 $1,839 $394 Guatemala Regional Average United States Guatemala Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 26

27 Global Honduras Agriculture 36 % Services 45 % Industry 19 % (44% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,134,023 Employees 1,705,346 Non Standard 2,126,893 Unemployed Workers 301,784 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $5,162 $335 $335 $496 $547 Honduras Regional Average United States Honduras Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 27

28 Global Mexico Agriculture 13 % Services 62 % Industry 24 % (20% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 57,790,045 Employees 37,553,358 Non Standard 18,329,615 Unemployed Workers 1,907,071 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $31,470 $1,702 $416 $1,912 $1,973 Mexico Regional Average United States Mexico Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 28

29 Global Nicaragua Agriculture 32 % Services 51 % Industry 17 % (44% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,793,563 Employees 1,403,898 Non Standard 1,225,124 Unemployed Workers 164,541 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $4,838 $850 $950 $403 $177 Nicaragua Regional Average United States Nicaragua Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 29

30 Global Panama Agriculture 17 % Services 65 % Industry 18 % (12% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,928,692 Employees 1,247,169 Non Standard 573,516 Unemployed Workers 108,007 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $42,548 $600 $1,110 $1,542 $1,750 Panama Regional Average United States Panama Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 30

31 Global Paraguay Agriculture 23 % Services 58 % Industry 19 % (40% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,382,679 Employees 1,787,854 Non Standard 1,310,680 Unemployed Workers 284,145 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $8,606 $375 $760 $667 $825 Paraguay Regional Average United States Paraguay Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 31

32 Global Peru Agriculture 26 % Services 57 % Industry 17 % (31% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 17,068,975 Employees 7,643,675 Non Standard 8,247,541 Unemployed Workers 1,177,759 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $35,322 $771 $507 $2,775 $1,131 Peru Regional Average United States Peru Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 32

33 Global Puerto Rico Agriculture 2 % Services 85 % Industry 14 % (40% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,119,900 Employees 770,094 Non Standard 221,018 Unemployed Workers 128,789 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $48,423 $2,058 $4,989 $3,525 Puerto Rico Regional Average United States Puerto Rico Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 33

34 Global United StatesAgriculture 2 % Services 81 % Industry 17 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 160,494,000 Employees 135,315,220 Non Standard 18,277,538 Unemployed Workers 6,901,242 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $72,384 $3,179 $3,596 $7,113 $6,738 United States Regional Average United Kingdom United States Regional Average United Kingdom Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 34

35 Global Uruguay Agriculture 9 % Services 69 % Industry 22 % (12% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,774,059 Employees 1,185,573 Non Standard 447,448 Unemployed Workers 141,038 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $7,617 $436 $1,121 $1,167 $1,075 Uruguay Regional Average United States Uruguay Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 35

36 Global Venezuela Agriculture 7 % Services 72 % Industry 21 % (40% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 14,752,107 Employees 8,670,079 Non Standard 5,005,124 Unemployed Workers 1,076,904 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity Venezuela Regional Average United States According to the International Monetary Fund, inflation in Venezuela is predicted to be 720% this year and over 2000% in Minimum wage was recently increased by 60% - it was the third pay increase this year. Exchange rates vary significantly. Venezuela Regional Average United States Note that Venezuela has been excluded from the Regional average for the Americas due to current economic and geopolitical considerations which have resulted in extreme currency fluctuations. ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 36

37 Global Detailed Country Analysis Europe, Middle East, & Africa ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 37

38 Global Austria Agriculture 4 % Services 70 % Industry 26 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,448,600 Employees 3,572,030 Non Standard 538,476 Unemployed Workers 338,094 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $47,311 $3,411 $4,934 $3,856 $3,511 Austria Regional Average United States Austria Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 38

39 Global Bahrain Agriculture 1 % Services 62 % Industry 35 % (19% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 771,535 Employees 732,716 Non Standard 28,943 Unemployed Workers 9,876 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $42,902 $1,690 $1,928 $3,993 $3,622 Bahrain Regional Average United States Bahrain Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 39

40 Global Belarus Agriculture 10 % Services 57 % Industry 33 % (41% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,808,220 Employees 4,612,468 Non Standard 152,478 Unemployed Workers 43,274 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $7,548 $338 $336 $475 $760 Belarus Regional Average United States Belarus Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 40

41 Global Belgium Agriculture 1 % Services 77 % Industry 22 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,953,300 Employees 3,924,004 Non Standard 692,471 Unemployed Workers 336,824 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $48,836 $2,491 $5,369 $6,767 $7,618 Belgium Regional Average United States Belgium Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 41

42 Global Bulgaria Agriculture 7 % Services 63 % Industry 30 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,261,100 Employees 2,677,663 Non Standard 361,682 Unemployed Workers 221,755 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $15,658 $548 $485 $1,505 $1,404 Bulgaria Regional Average United States Bulgaria Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 42

43 Global Croatia Agriculture 9 % Services 64 % Industry 27 % (27% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,797,600 Employees 1,310,026 Non Standard 293,433 Unemployed Workers 194,141 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $14,603 $657 $797 $1,104 $1,374 Croatia Regional Average United States Croatia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 43

44 Global Czech RepublicAgriculture 3 % Services 59 % Industry 38 % (11% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 5,353,600 Employees 4,225,366 Non Standard 908,736 Unemployed Workers 219,498 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $22,431 $1,151 $1,184 $1,587 $1,998 Czech Republic Regional Average United States Czech Republic Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 44

45 Global Denmark Agriculture 2 % Services 78 % Industry 19 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,969,400 Employees 2,585,961 Non Standard 255,754 Unemployed Workers 127,684 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $70,032 $4,200 $6,656 $5,869 $5,326 Denmark Regional Average United States Denmark Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 45

46 Global Estonia Agriculture 4 % Services 68 % Industry 28 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 685,200 Employees 587,967 Non Standard 58,861 Unemployed Workers 38,371 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $15,474 $1,299 $1,246 $1,665 $2,302 Estonia Regional Average United States Estonia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 46

47 Global Finland Agriculture 4 % Services 74 % Industry 22 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,654,800 Employees 2,089,604 Non Standard 328,919 Unemployed Workers 236,277 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $48,235 $2,156 $5,501 $3,999 $3,918 Finland Regional Average United States Finland Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 47

48 Global France Agriculture 3 % Services 76 % Industry 21 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 29,445,200 Employees 23,663,812 Non Standard 2,954,649 Unemployed Workers 2,826,739 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $59,448 $2,226 $4,218 $4,311 $4,865 France Regional Average United States France Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 48

49 Global Germany Agriculture 1 % Services 70 % Industry 28 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 43,041,700 Employees 36,851,443 Non Standard 4,554,673 Unemployed Workers 1,635,585 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $53,622 $3,038 $5,671 $4,337 $4,396 Germany Regional Average United States Germany Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 49

50 Global Greece Agriculture 13 % Services 72 % Industry 15 % (11% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,774,000 Employees 2,340,014 Non Standard 1,398,028 Unemployed Workers 1,035,958 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $25,257 $1,251 $2,023 $2,280 $1,921 Greece Regional Average United States Greece Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 50

51 Global Hungary Agriculture 5 % Services 654% Industry 31 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,574,700 Employees 3,896,409 Non Standard 481,579 Unemployed Workers 196,712 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $18,330 $933 $1,185 $1,325 $1,596 Hungary Regional Average United States Hungary Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 51

52 Global Ireland Agriculture 6 % Services 75 % Industry 18 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,191,400 Employees 1,710,659 Non Standard 340,491 Unemployed Workers 140,250 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $49,195 $2,586 $3,966 $3,933 $4,578 Ireland Regional Average United States Ireland Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 52

53 Global Israel Agriculture 1 % Services 80 % Industry 18 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,991,000 Employees 3,365,471 Non Standard 445,934 Unemployed Workers 179,595 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $33,046 $2,083 $3,717 $6,500 $5,167 Israel Regional Average United States Israel Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 53

54 Global Italy Agriculture 4 % Services 70 % Industry 27 % (9% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 25,864,500 Employees 17,222,162 Non Standard 5,771,379 Unemployed Workers 2,870,960 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $41,787 $1,983 $3,743 $3,065 $2,770 Italy Regional Average United States Italy Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 54

55 Global Kazakhstan Agriculture 24 % Services 56 % Industry 20 % (28% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 9,244,528 Employees 6,178,155 Non Standard 2,622,636 Unemployed Workers 443,737 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $18,469 $542 $488 $1,488 $1,042 Kazakhstan Regional Average United States Kazakhstan Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 55

56 Global Latvia Agriculture 7 % Services 69 % Industry 24 % (4% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 973,800 Employees 783,449 Non Standard 98,813 Unemployed Workers 91,537 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $12,377 $717 $1,077 $1,786 $2,060 Latvia Regional Average United States Latvia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 56

57 Global Lithuania Agriculture 9 % Services 66 % Industry 25 % (4% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,463,000 Employees 1,201,594 Non Standard 154,607 Unemployed Workers 106,799 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $10,776 $851 $898 $1,399 $1,796 Lithuania Regional Average United States Lithuania Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 57

58 Global Luxembourg Agriculture 1 % Services 88 % Industry 11 % (X5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 288,300 Employees 247,696 Non Standard 23,306 Unemployed Workers 17,298 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $78,395 $3,931 $5,028 $5,432 $6,579 Luxembourg Regional Average United States Luxembourg Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 58

59 Global Morocco Agriculture 39 % Services 39 % Industry 21 % (29% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 12,676,190 Employees 5,518,706 Non Standard 5,978,598 Unemployed Workers 1,178,886 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $27,112 $1,311 $1,984 $1,420 $311 Morocco Regional Average United States Morocco Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 59

60 Global Netherlands Agriculture 2 % Services 81% Industry 17 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 9,000,800 Employees 7,198,759 Non Standard 1,361,002 Unemployed Workers 441,039 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $53,317 $2,055 $5,085 $4,649 $4,397 Netherlands Regional Average United States Netherlands Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 60

61 Global Norway Agriculture 2 % Services 77 % Industry 21 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,744,200 Employees 2,437,113 Non Standard 189,086 Unemployed Workers 118,001 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $61,667 $4,369 $6,866 $4,619 $6,042 Norway Regional Average United States Norway Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 61

62 Global Poland Agriculture 11 % Services 58 % Industry 31 % (9% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 17,207,300 Employees 12,564,667 Non Standard 3,420,914 Unemployed Workers 1,221,718 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $25,185 $1,059 $1,140 $2,180 $2,180 Poland Regional Average United States Poland Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 62

63 Global Portugal Agriculture 6 % Services 69 % Industry 25 % (8% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 5,182,000 Employees 3,700,445 Non Standard 1,025,539 Unemployed Workers 456,016 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $27,584 $983 $1,701 $1,837 $1,990 Portugal Regional Average United States Portugal Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 63

64 Global Romania Agriculture 25 % Services 45 % Industry 30 % (13% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 8,804,300 Employees 5,702,968 Non Standard 2,634,704 Unemployed Workers 466,628 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $16,045 $1,048 $711 $1,002 $1,223 Romania Regional Average United States Romania Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 64

65 Global Russia Agriculture 7 % Services 66 % Industry 28 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 75,716,679 Employees 66,537,849 Non Standard 5,317,279 Unemployed Workers 3,861,551 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $23,969 $1,055 $626 $1,962 $1,546 Russia Regional Average United States Russia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 65

66 Global Serbia Agriculture 21 % Services 53 % Industry 26 % (35% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,042,261 Employees 1,756,309 Non Standard 841,781 Unemployed Workers 444,170 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $16,988 $416 $401 $691 $1,124 Serbia Regional Average United States Serbia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 66

67 Global Slovakia Agriculture 4 % Services 61 % Industry 36 % (11% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,752,500 Employees 2,170,503 Non Standard 392,074 Unemployed Workers 189,923 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $27,239 $1,449 $1,046 $1,504 $2,363 Slovakia Regional Average United States Slovakia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 67

68 Global Slovenia Agriculture 8 % Services 60 % Industry 32 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 1,014,200 Employees 765,415 Non Standard 153,450 Unemployed Workers 95,335 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $22,012 $1,796 $1,708 $1,545 $1,763 Slovenia Regional Average United States Slovenia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 68

69 Global South AfricaAgriculture 5 % Services 72 % Industry 24 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 21,172,029 Employees 13,087,807 Non Standard 2,219,570 Unemployed Workers 5,864,652 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $25,143 $843 $1,258 $2,497 $2,194 South Africa Regional Average United States South Africa Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 69

70 Global Spain Agriculture 4 % Services 76 % Industry 20 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 22,727,600 Employees 15,521,474 Non Standard 3,292,434 Unemployed Workers 3,913,693 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $37,287 $2,208 $3,195 $2,946 $3,046 Spain Regional Average United States Spain Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 70

71 Global Sweden Agriculture 2 % Services 79 % Industry 19 % (5% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 5,305,000 Employees 4,401,537 Non Standard 510,893 Unemployed Workers 392,570 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $50,589 $3,983 $3,439 $5,965 $4,216 Sweden Regional Average United States Sweden Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 71

72 Global Switzerland Agriculture 3 % Services 76 % Industry 21 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,853,800 Employees 3,992,542 Non Standard 715,644 Unemployed Workers 145,614 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $120,000 $108,989 $10,000 $7,553 $9,268 $7,054 $9,020 Switzerland Regional Average United States Switzerland Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 72

73 Global Tunisia Agriculture 15 % Services 51 % Industry 34 % (11% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 4,160,071 Employees 2,544,025 Non Standard 979,555 Unemployed Workers 636,491 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $11,982 $615 $964 $1,035 $170 Tunisia Regional Average United States Tunisia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 73

74 Global Turkey Agriculture 20 % Services 52 % Industry 28 % (13% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 30,833,100 Employees 18,240,708 Non Standard 9,354,917 Unemployed Workers 3,237,476 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $23,651 $1,032 $930 $1,593 $1,881 Turkey Regional Average United States Turkey Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 74

75 Global Ukraine Agriculture 15 % Services 59 % Industry 26 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 22,585,185 Employees 16,170,992 Non Standard 4,042,748 Unemployed Workers 2,371,444 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $6,637 $243 $181 $252 $607 Ukraine Regional Average United States Ukraine Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 75

76 Global United Arab EmiratesAgriculture 4 % Services 73 % Industry 23 % (26% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 6,330,541 Employees 5,804,291 Non Standard 292,653 Unemployed Workers 233,597 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $58,829 $2,204 $770 $4,597 $4,907 United Arab Emirates Regional Average United States United Arab Emirates Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 76

77 Global United KingdomAgriculture 1 % Services 80 % Industry 19 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 33,284,600 Employees 27,209,495 Non Standard 4,577,298 Unemployed Workers 1,497,807 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $67,927 $3,178 $3,312 $4,706 $6,236 United Kingdom Regional Average United States United Kingdom Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 77

78 Global Detailed Country Analysis Asia-Pacific ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 78

79 Global Australia Agriculture 3 % Services 76 % Industry 21 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 12,922,900 Employees 10,784,108 Non Standard 1,415,109 Unemployed Workers 723,682 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $64,590 $3,256 $4,225 $5,915 $5,829 Australia Regional Average United States Australia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 79

80 Global China Agriculture 36 % Services 35 % Industry 29 % (18% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 807,138,291 Employees 426,390,981 Non Standard 348,865,348 Unemployed Workers 31,881,962 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $45,021 $1,157 $725 $4,542 $3,756 China Regional Average United States China Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 80

81 Global Hong Kong Agriculture 0 % Services 88 % Industry 12 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,944,200 Employees 3,435,915 Non Standard 386,015 Unemployed Workers 122,270 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $66,383 $2,094 $1,798 $6,075 $5,707 Hong Kong Regional Average United States Hong Kong Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 81

82 Global India Agriculture 50 % Services 28 % Industry 22 % (41% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 510,053,514 Employees 112,760,897 Non Standard 379,644,766 Unemployed Workers 17,647,852 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $9,242 $1,667 $775 $875 $167 India Regional Average United States India Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 82

83 Global Japan Agriculture 4 % Services 69 % Industry 26 % (7% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 65,428,708 Employees 56,537,470 Non Standard 7,059,234 Unemployed Workers 1,832,004 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $51,562 $2,952 $2,912 $2,620 $4,267 Japan Regional Average United States Japan Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 83

84 Global Macau Agriculture 0 % Services 84 % Industry 16 % (18% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 376,009 Employees 343,800 Non Standard 24,689 Unemployed Workers 7,520 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $25,467 $1,819 $1,248 $2,631 $5,010 Macau Regional Average United States Macau Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 84

85 Global Malaysia Agriculture 12 % Services 61 % Industry 27 % (10% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 14,830,000 Employees 10,644,055 Non Standard 3,681,725 Unemployed Workers 504,220 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $20,446 $765 $742 $1,669 $1,792 Malaysia Regional Average United States Malaysia Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 85

Global New Zealand Agriculture 6 % Services 74 % Industry 20 % (8% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,528,016 Employees 1,975,877 Non Standard 430,794 Unemployed Workers 121,345 Global

86 Global New Zealand Agriculture 6 % Services 74 % Industry 20 % (8% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 2,528,016 Employees 1,975,877 Non Standard 430,794 Unemployed Workers 121,345 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $71,539 $2,377 $3,280 $4,132 $6,399 New Zealand Regional Average United States New Zealand Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 86

87 Global Philippines Agriculture 30 % Services 54 % Industry 16 % (31% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 45,682,268 Employees 25,847,027 Non Standard 17,231,351 Unemployed Workers 2,603,889 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $10,838 $790 $1,005 $404 $232 Philippines Regional Average United States Philippines Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 87

88 Global Singapore Agriculture 1 % Services 71 % Industry 28 % (6% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 3,180,834 Employees 2,653,560 Non Standard 457,296 Unemployed Workers 69,978 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $63,701 $2,358 $3,904 $4,174 $5,085 Singapore Regional Average United States Singapore Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 88

89 Global South Korea Agriculture 6 % Services 70 % Industry 24 % (11% Informal ) Manpower Global Rankings (out of 75) 26,886,359 Employees 17,831,894 Non Standard 8,086,556 Unemployed Workers 967,909 Global Rank Availability Cost Regulatory Productivity $52,329 $3,068 $3,408 $4,815 $3,951 South Korea Regional Average United States South Korea Regional Average United States ManpowerGroup Solutions QMR 3 rd Quarter, 2017 ManpowerGroup Proprietary & Confidential 89

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