Federal Research and Development in Missouri

Transcription

1 Chapter 26 Federal Research and Development in Missouri Approximately $1.4 billion of federal R&D funds are spent each year in Missouri. Missouri ranks 15th among the 50 states, District of Columbia, and the Puerto Rico in terms of the amount of federal R&D dollars received annually. Approximately 10 percent of all federal funds spent in Missouri each year on matters other than the direct support of individuals (i.e., such entitlements as retirement, disability, and housing assistance) is spent on R&D. HHS ~$230 million R&D contracts Project grants NSF ~$22 million Project grants Cooperative agreements USDA ~$23 million Biological Control of Insects Research Lab ARS Research Facility at the University of Missouri Forest Service R&D Work Site Project grants DOD ~$1.1 billion Army Battle lab R&D contracts Project grants Cooperative agreements Other ~$64 million NASA, DOE, DOC, DOI, DOT, EPA, DVA, etc. Figure 26.1 Sources of Federal R&D Dollars Spent in Missouri (Total Federal R&D ~$1.4 billion) 315

2 316 DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION Background In recent years, the federal government has spent in the neighborhood of $1.4 billion annually in Missouri on research and development (R&D) activities. On average, federal R&D dollars account for approximately 10 percent of all federal funds spent in Missouri each year on matters other than the direct support of individuals (i.e., such entitlements as retirement, disability, and housing assistance). Most major federal agencies that currently support federal R&D efforts provide funding for R&D activities in Missouri. Foremost among these agencies is the Department of Defense (DOD), which provides 76 percent of the federal R&D dollars spent each year in Missouri. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) accounts for another 16 percent. The remainder of the federal R&D dollars spent in Missouri each year come from the Department of Agriculture (USDA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and several other agencies. 26 All federal R&D dollars spent in Missouri either cover the costs of operating federal R&D units in the state, including paying the salaries of federal R&D personnel working at these units, or are awarded as grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements to entities in the state. The following is an overview of what becomes of these federal R&D dollars once they arrive in Missouri. Federal R&D Units in Missouri Columbia, Missouri, is home to USDA s Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Research Facility at the University of Missouri, and Forest Service R&D Work Site; the Department of Interior s (DOI) Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia Field Station, and Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; and a Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) R&D unit. The Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory is a unit of USDA s ARS located on the campus of the University of Mis- 26 For a complete agency-by-agency breakdown of these R&D dollars, see Appendix C.

3 FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MISSOURI 317 souri. It conducts research on insect pathogens, predators, and parasites for control of insect pests. Specific research activities of this laboratory include improving biological properties, production and stability of microbial control agents and developing methods of in vitro propagation of beneficial insects for biological control. This federal R&D unit, together with the ARS Research Facility described immediately below, annually receives approximately $5.5 million of federal R&D funds and has about 60 FTEs. The ARS Research Facility at the University of Missouri is a unit of USDA s ARS located on the campus of the University of Missouri. It consists of three research divisions focusing on animal physiology, plant genetics, and cropping systems and water quality. One of the divisions conducts research on environmental stress effects on the endocrine and immune systems of neonatal pigs. Activities of this division also include investigation of other factors affecting animal health, such as control of thermoregulation and immune function. The second division conducts research on the molecular genetics of corn; the genetics of wheat; and the breeding of birdsfoot trefoil, leading to improved breeding germplasm and techniques. The third division conducts research on the development of alternative farming systems and technologies to improve water and soil quality. The funding and staffing information for this federal R&D unit are included in those presented above for the Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory. The R&D Work Site is a unit of the North Central Forest Experiment Station inside USDA s Forest Service. This unit is on the campus of the University of Missouri with additional locations in Salem and Jefferson City, Missouri, and Bedford, Indiana. It conducts research on the silviculture and ecology of the upland central hardwood forests. Specific research activities of this unit include investigating ways to regenerate and manage forests to produce forest products, maintain species diversity, and protect neotropical migrant birds. This federal R&D unit

4 318 DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION annually receives approximately $1.6 million of federal R&D funds and has about 24 employees. The Columbia Environmental Research Center is a unit of DOI s U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). It conducts research on highly toxic compounds, such as dioxin. Its hazard assessment laboratory permits the investigation of highly toxic chemicals too hazardous to test in a normal laboratory setting. Specific research activities of this center include looking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels of organization in fish and wildlife; investigating the effects of land use and climate change on Ozarks streams and their ecology; and studying the links between surficial processes and physical habitat in streams and rivers. This federal R&D unit annually receives approximately $2.9 million of federal R&D funds and has about 62 FTEs. The Columbia Field Station is a unit of the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center inside DOI s USGS. It is on the Columbia campus of the University of Missouri. It conducts research to develop and evaluate long-term ecological monitoring strategies for grassland units of the National Park System. Specific research activities of this field station include ecological monitoring protocols for macro-invertebrates, plant communities, prairie dogs, butterflies, and other organisms. This federal R&D unit annually receives approximately $224,000 of federal R&D funds and has about three FTEs. The Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit is part of DOI s USGS. It is on the Columbia campus of the University of Missouri. It conducts research on stream ecology. Specific research activities of this unit include studying fishhabitat and fish-invertebrate interactions and investigating the effects of various perturbations of these vectors on fish and invertebrates. This federal R&D unit annually receives approximately $287,000 of federal R&D funds and has about three FTEs.

5 FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MISSOURI 319 While the principal focus of the Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Medical Center in Columbia is providing medical care to veterans, it is also the location of a number of research activities. In a recent year, this federally owned and operated facility was the site of 99 projects with total funding of approximately $850,000. These R&D activities focus on a wide range of topics, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, is home to DOD s Maneuver Support Battle Laboratory. The Maneuver Support Battle Laboratory is a unit of the Army inside DOD. It is one of 11 battle laboratories established to define the horizontally integrated capabilities required to operate and field an effective Army. It assesses advances in technologies related to maneuver support, such as terrain visualization, battlefield mobility, and force protection, that may improve future soldier capabilities in any type of operation. Specific research activities of this laboratory focus on such matters as developing digital geospatial data and products; obscurants that deny the enemy the ability to target vehicles; battlefield marking systems; and decision, reconnaissance, and surveillance aids for military police, chemical, and engineer reconnaissance. This federal unit annually receives about $479,000 of federal R&D funds, only a portion of which is spent in-house, and has six civilian personnel. Rolla, Missouri, is home to DOI s Mid-Continent Mapping Center and Missouri District Office of Water Resources. The Mid-Continent Mapping Center is a unit of DOI s USGS. It is a production, research, and data management facility for maps and digital cartographic data products. Specific research activities of the center s Geographic and Cartographic Research and Applications Section include establishing research and applications partnerships and providing technical assistance and training, including using geographic information and image-

6 320 DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION processing systems to better understand environmental and socioeconomic issues. Specific research activities of the center s Earth Science Information Center include collecting, maintaining, and distributing regional cartographic and geographic information and databases. This federal R&D unit annually receives approximately $1.8 million in federal R&D dollars and has 312 FTEs, 50 of whom are directly involved in R&D. The Missouri District Office of Water Resources is a unit of DOI s USGS. It oversees the R&D activities of USGS s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA), Ground-Water Resources Assessment, Toxic Substances Hydrology, and Federal State Cooperatives programs. The NAWQA program conducts research on the nation s surface and groundwater resources to better understand the effect of pesticides, erosion, and bacterial contamination on water quality. The Ground-Water Resources Assessment program studies groundwater systems to develop models and simulations to better understand the workings of these systems. The Toxic Substances Hydrology program studies the behavior of toxic substances in hydrologic environments. These research activities investigate subsurface contamination at local releases and aquatic ecosystem contamination on a watershed and regional scale. The Federal State Cooperatives program studies the effects of agricultural chemicals, floods, droughts, and waste disposal on water supply and groundwater quality. This federal unit annually receives approximately $546,000 in federal R&D funds. Kansas City and St. Louis, Missouri, are both home to DVA Medical Centers. While the principal focus of the VA Medical Centers in Kansas City and St. Louis is providing medical care to veterans, they are also the location of a number of research activities. In a recent year, these federally owned and operated facilities were the site of 388 projects with total funding of approximately $6 million. These R&D activities focus on a wide range of topics, including neoplasms, aging, memory, alcoholism, diabetes, radiation, and drug dose-response relationship.

7 FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MISSOURI 321 Federal R&D Grants to Missouri Entities Every major institution of higher education in Missouri is the recipient of significant federal R&D dollars each year through grants made by federal agencies to faculty, graduate students, and research centers. The vast majority of the R&D grants are made by HHS, NSF, USDA, and DOD to individual faculty members and therefore ultimately inure to the benefit of such institutions as Washington University, the University of Missouri, and St. Louis University (SLU). The table below shows the number of R&D grants active in FY 1998, highlighting those made by HHS, NSF, USDA, and DOD to parties at the various institutions and estimates of the total dollars transferred to them in FY 1998 pursuant to the terms of these grants. Among the grants in the Other Agencies category going to Washington University are ones from NASA ($4 million) and DOE ($2 million). The comparable grants going to the University of Missouri include $3 million from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), $2 million each from DOE and the Department of Education, and $1 million from NASA. Table 26.1 Sources of Federal R&D Grants to Higher Education in Missouri Other HHS NSF USDA DOD Total Agencies Institution Amount # Amount # Amount # Amount # Amount # Amount # Washington U of Missouri SLU Other $201M $26M $21M $2M $10M $10M <$1M $1M <$1M $8M 0 $2M $4M $4M <$1M $6M $8M <$1M <$1M $221M $57M $21M $5M 1, Total $249M 1,062 $21M 397 $11M 289 $9M 47 $14M 157 $304M 1,952 These activities are particularly significant because they fund much of the basic research so critical to expanding our knowledge and understanding of fundamental scientific phenomena. In addition, these funds account for a substantial portion of the dollars available each year to various academic departments within these institutions, such as the School of Medicine at the University of Missouri.

8 322 DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION Several other nonacademic institutions in Missouri also receive a significant amount of federal R&D grants each year. Foremost among these institutions that received R&D grants in FY 1998 are Barnes- Jewish Hospital in St. Louis ($14 million), the Midwest Research Institute in Kansas City ($4 million), and the Missouri State Department of Health in Jefferson City ($2 million). Scattered among these grants, as well as among the contracts discussed in the section below, are small business innovative research (SBIR) awards. These are special awards made by the SBIR programs supported by the 10 federal agencies with annual budgets for extramural R&D of more than $100 million. In a recent year, small businesses in Missouri received 23 SBIR awards totaling $6 million. Examples include a $750,000 award from HHS to JVC Radiology and Medical Analysis in St. Louis to assess doctor and elderly patient encounters and a $700,000 award from DOD (Air Force) to Kedly, Inc., in High Ridge to develop a portable auditory diagnostic system. Also included among these grants are formula grants from federal agencies. Formula grants differ from the much more common project grants in that the money transmitted through formula grants is allocated to a state or one of its subdivisions in accordance with a distribution formula prescribed by law or regulation. Among the formula grants benefiting Missouri are ones valued at more than $6.6 million from USDA s Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) to State Agricultural Experiment Stations, forestry schools, and veterinary colleges for the support of research in agriculture, forestry, and animal health and disease. Similarly, a modest formula grant goes from DOI s USGS to the Water Resources Research Institute in Missouri every year to foster research in water and water-related problems. Other Federal R&D Activities in Missouri Several entities in Missouri also receive notable sums in the form of contracts or cooperative agreements from federal agencies for specific R&D efforts. By far the majority of these funds go from DOD to Mc- Donnell Douglas Corporation (now part of the Boeing Company),

9 FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MISSOURI 323 which in FY 1998 received close to $300 million in R&D contracts for such work as development of the F/A-18 fighter and the production of Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) kits. In addition, Light Helicopter Turbine Engine Company ($33 million), Engineered Air Systems, Inc. ($13 million), and the Midwest Research Institute ($7 million) received very large R&D contracts from federal agencies in FY Note that these amounts are in addition to the federal R&D grants also received by the Midwest Research Institute. SLU ($7 million), Washington University ($5 million), and the University of Missouri ($2 million) also received contracts from various federal agencies to conduct R&D for the federal government. Although these amounts are notable, they do not come close to eclipsing the funds that these institutions receive from federal R&D grants. A total of $4 million of federal R&D dollars was also received in FY 1998 by entities in Missouri in the form of cooperative agreements. The largest of these cooperative agreements ($1 million in FY 1998) came from DOE to Urban Energy and Transport Corp. in Kansas City for work concerning the local impact of hazardous waste transportation. Other federal agencies awarding cooperative agreements to Missouri-based entities include DOD and USDA.

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