ECA Technology Transfer Developments IN THE EURASIA REGION

Transcription

1 ECA Technology Transfer Developments IN THE EURASIA REGION Stefan Holger Schandera infodev regional facilitator Eastern Europe and Central Asia Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC Hanoi, October Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC

2

3

4 Former Soviet Union Block

5 Saxony East Germany

6 1 Saxony / East Germany (I) Transition shock therapy GDR: Soviet R&D system with research institutes independent from universities; Total number of industrial researchers declined from in 1989 to about in 1992; Privatization of research institutes after 1990; Reform of education system, including strengthening of academic research after 1990; West German legal system after Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC

7 2 Saxony / East Germany (II) Transition shock therapy State support mechanisms: Strategic technology sectors, State support for individual and collaborative R&D, Technology transfer centers, Patent support (and Patent Information Centers), Innovation Assistants for SME, Investment support for non-academic research organizations. Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC

8 3 Russia 1993 In 1991 Russia's 4,000 institutes employed close to 1 million scientists and engineers (OECD estim. 1991). Total employment in R&D institutes in the FSU fell by 40 percent between 1989 and 1993; the employment of R&D specialists alone fell by 44 percent during the same period (Russian Center for Science Research and Statistics 1994). Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC

9 4 Comparing transition economies (early 1990 s) Shock therapy East Germany Advanced transition economies Late EU accession and applicants CIS countries Structural development as Low cost production as Low cost production as Natural resources as Increase of internal TT* Decrease of internal TT* Decrease of internal TT* Decrease of internal TT*, with some exceptions Macro: Privatization, innovation policy Macro: Privatization Macro: Privatization Macro: Privatization * compared to 1989 level

10 5 Comparing transition economies (late 1990 s) Shock therapy East Germany Advanced transition economies Late EU accession and applicants CIS countries Internal TT R&D, production and marketing networks (regional and EU) Legislation and innovation policies Legislation and innovation policies Innovation tools Structural development as EU accession as EU accession as Natural resources and domestic market but also structural dev. as

11 6 Comparing transition economies ( ) Shock therapy East Germany Advanced transition economies Late EU accession and applicants CIS countries Internal TT R&D, production and marketing networks (regional and EU) Internal TT, EU R&D networks Internal TT Legislation and innovation policies Structural development as EU accession and structural development as EU accession and structural development as Natural resources and domestic market but also structural dev. and WTO as s

12 Comparing transition economies (2007 and beyond) 7 East Germany Advanced EU Applicants CIS External TT/FDI Legislation and innovation policy Internal TT EU networks Regional networks

13 8 AMZ Automotive Supplier Network Started in 1999 To compensate disadvantages of small suppliers in automotive industry 2005: 798 members : 206 projects with 27 Mio Euros financed (50% support rate) : Generated turnover of about 1.7 Bio Euro = new jobs in the automotive industry

14

15 9 Armenia IT Cluster In 2001, IT sector proclaimed key sector in Armenia In 2005, innovation program (venture and investment funds, improved legislation and infrastructure, incubators and technoparks, education and training), EIF incubator (founded 2002): training of 80 local IT companies, IT sector today: Revenue growth of 30% p.a., productivity growth of 17% p.a, workforce growth of 16% p.a. Asia and the Pacific Incubator Conference AAPIC

16 10 Russia National Innovation System business incubators founded. 80 technology transfer centres established. 60 technology parks founded or strengthened. 6 special economic zones and 10 science cities created, partly based on existing structures. 10 VC fonds, business angel network, and crediting systems created. Several sectoral associations in formation stage. * Source: Olga Lapteva, Tambov Business Incubator, Russia Example Kazakhstan 5 strategic innovation clusters in petrochemical industry, textile production, tourism, ICT, and biotechnology (innovation program 2015)

17 11 Lessons learned Innovation policies: Don t copy and paste. Real pressure helps - Dutch Disease does not. Skilled people on all levels including regional government are key. IPR means trust. Thank you very much for your interest!

18 12 Fact sheet business incubators network network of business incubators and technology parks in eastern europe and central asia Founded in members from 15 countries (September 2007) Key value for members: International contacts, skills and knowledge, extented services Activity focus: Incubator development and managment skills, collaboration in technology transfer and innovation development, SME education (training and councelling), benchmarking and research