Sanitation and Water for All in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal

Transcription

1 Aligning for Action Sanitation and Water for All in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal Third Annual Report 2013 SUBMITTED TO: Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (Embassy of Finland, Nepal) BY: UNICEF NEPAL March 2014

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3 Aligning for Action Sanitation and Water for All in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal Third Annual Report 2013 SUBMITTED TO Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland (Embassy of Finland, Nepal) BY UNICEF NEPAL March 2014

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5 Table of Contents 1. ACRONYMS And Abbreviations 4 2. PROGRAMME SUMMARY 6 3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 4. PROGRAMME BACKGROUND PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS INITIAL IMPACTS CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FUTURE PLANS / FUTURE ACTIONS PROGRAMME FINANCE FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXPRESSION OF THANKS Annexes 79

6 1ACRONYMS And Abbreviations 4 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

7 1 ACRONYMS And Abbreviations ACRONYMS And Abbreviations In acknowledgement of the fact that the overuse of acronyms and abbreviations may obscure the meaning of key messages, this report aims to use as few of them as possible. Those acronyms and abbreviations used in this report are listed below. ADB DACAW Dfid IR JICA NECOSAN MICS RVWRMP RWSSPWN SACOSAN V TECOSAN UN UNDP UNICEF USAID VDC WASH WASHCC WFP WHO Asian Development Bank Decentralized Action for Children and Women (UNICEF) department for International Development (UK) intermediate Result(s) Japan International Cooperation Agency Nepal Conference on Sanitation Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(s) Rural Village Water Resource Management Project Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project Western Nepal The Fifth South Asian Conference on Sanitation Terai Conference on Sanitation United Nations United Nations Development Project United Nations Children s Fund United States Agency for International Development village Development Committee Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WASH Coordinating Committee World Food Programme World Health Organization UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 5

8 2PROGRAMME SUMMARY 6 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

9 PROGRAMME SUMMARY Country Assisted programme Donor reference Donor name Type of report Nepal Aligning for Action Sanitation and Water for All in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal PBA SC/2011/0105 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland Third Annual Report 2 PROGRAMME SUMMARY Total Planned amount Total contribution from Finland Government covering the full programme period (US$) UNICEF contribution Total programmable amount (Finland as of 2013) Funds used to date (Finland contribution) Balance of funds (Finland as of 2013) Funds used to date (UNICEF contribution) USD 17,775, (USD 20,34, including Programme Support (15%) and Recovery cost (7%) USD 13,726, USD 6,620, USD 7,600, USD 6,511, USD 1,088, USD 3,859, Period covered by report January 2013December 2013 Report due date UNICEF Programme Component Results Focus population UNICEF contacts 31 st December 2013 (Final version by 10 March 2014) Socially excluded and economically marginalized groups increasingly utilize and participate in the management of safe sustainable drinking water and sanitation facilities and improved hygiene practices. Senior decision and policy makers at national, regional and district level. The most disadvantaged and vulnerable rural communities, especially those most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, in the Mid and Far Western Development Regions and the Terai. School children, their parents and school administrations. Hanaa Singer, UNICEF Country Representative, hsinger@unicef,org, tel: Antti Rautavaara, UNICEF WASH Section Chief amrautavaara@unicef.org, tel: , Ext: 1190 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 7

10 3EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2013 saw a coming together of UNICEF, the Nepal government, donors, and other partners to work towards the national goal of water and sanitation for all by Collaborations set in motion in 2012 were further leveraged in 2013 in national level policy development and the enhancement of sanitation coverage at the local level.. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UNICEF provided the link between national and local level stakeholders that was able to produce a series of positive outcomes for local communities, and especially poor families and disadvantaged groups. This report presents both qualitative and quantitative data to substantiate the 2013 results. These results are in line with Government of Nepal and UNICEF commitments to deliver the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finland funded programme: Aligning for Action Sanitation and Water for All in the context of Climate Change in Nepal. In addition, the report includes reflections on the challenges and opportunities encountered in 2013, and ideas for future direction. The evidence presented in the midterm review conducted by the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs corroborates the progress reported in this document. A summary of the progress made in 2013 grouped according to Intermediate Result is shown in the table below. Table 1: Summary of Progress by Intermediate Results Major Indicators (Project outputs) Project Total Target Total Cumulative Progress (as of 15 Nov. 2013) Progress in % 1) One harmonized national WASH sector programme is fully operational and sector financing strategy is operationalized to target marginalized and unserved people National WASH Programme Document and financing strategy endorsed by 2012 The draft national WASH Programme Document was prepared and shared with stakeholders; the development of individual chapters is ongoing. NA 2) Households in the most disadvantaged and least served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply services 540 new VDCs declared Open Defecation Free 8 districts declared Open Defecation Free 347 (421 including baseline figures) VDCs were declared Open Defecation Free 5 districts and 6 municipalities were declared Open Defecation Free 64% 63% 70,000 unserved marginalized people have access to improved water supply 39,983 previously unserved people now have access to an improved water supply 57% UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 9

12 3) Improved interagency collaboration and Government of Nepal leadership; increased capacity for disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness / response All 75 districts of Nepal will have a disaster contingency plan Joint WASH Disaster Risk Reduction strategy formulated by districts have Disaster Risk Management Plans and 69 districts have WASH contingency plans The Department of Water Supply and Sewerage WASH Disaster Risk Management programme developed / dedicated budget allocated 92% 100% 4) All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools 3,000 more schools have proper WASH facilities 1,102 (2,384 including baseline figures) schools provided with Child, Gender, and Disabled friendly WASH hardware facilities and software support 37% 58% 20,000 schools supported by the Department of Education The Department of Education has installed girls toilets in 11,500 schools 5) Families (especially those from disadvantaged groups) are adopting basic health care practices and improved health / hygiene behaviors % mothers/ caregivers of children under 5 washing their hands before feeding their child (B=6%) Updated data are not available at this point, but progress reports from 7 districts confirm handwashing behavior among mothers/ caregivers has increased from 6% to 100%. 100% IR 1: One harmonized national WASH sector programme is fully operational and a sector financing strategy is operationalized to target marginalized and unserved people Progress made in 2013 under this intermediate result centres around three key areas: sector harmonization, monitoring and evaluation, and policy and strategy development. A Sector Programme Document that aims to put in place measures to provide unserved and unreached people with services related to climate change, equity, women s/children s rights and social inclusion was launched in The Ministry of Urban Development, which was initially reluctant to embrace the harmonization process, is now taking the lead in ensuring that the Programme Document is translated into action. This has increased the amount of government ownership. UNICEF continued with its commitment to support the Government of Nepal by channeling 70% of its funds through the government s annual budget (red book). A number of partner organizations have also adopted UNICEF s modality, helping the sector to move closer to the goal of one programme, one budget put forward in the Paris Declaration. Collaboration has also been a focus of the Sector Stakeholder Group which meets regularly to explore gaps in the sector and how these might be bridged using the unique strengths of sector stakeholders. The Group has carried out an agency mapping exercise and drawn up an action plan for stakeholders covering the period 2013/14. The importance of collaboration between agencies is now seen as a given and has led to a more harmonized approach to programming and funding. 10 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

13 In addition, in order to add value to the sector reform process, monitoring and evaluation systems have been significantly streamlined under the leadership of the Ministry of Urban Development. A robust set of CREAM (Clear Reliable Economic Achievable and Measurable) indicators was recently approved. In another achievement in monitoring and evaluation, the National Management Information Project is soon to publish results on programme coverage and functionality. In order to bridge remaining data collection gaps in the existing system, a series of simple, userfriendly monitoring and evaluation tools are being developed. These new and revised tools will be used as part of the impending Joint Sector Review. In line with the current emphasis on evidencebased planning and sector reform, the Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit based in the Ministry of Urban Development worked with UNICEF and the World Bank to conduct a study of financial models and implementation modalities in the rural water supply sector. The results of this study provide strong evidence to inform the design of a financing framework for the sector. Furthermore, UNICEF s efforts to improve sector financing have resulting in the creation a separate WASH budget with a Disaster Risk Management component to respond to emerging climate change issues. In terms of policy and strategy work, 2013 saw the finalization of the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan and implementation guidelines, the drafting of an urban sanitation concept note, and the launch of an initiative to formulate a Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework. These will set the strategic direction for the sector in the years to come. As part of the Aligning for Action component of the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan, a sanitation promotion campaign was launched. From its starting point in the mid and far west regions, the campaign has now reached 35 connected districts spanning the country. Participating districts have put together action plans for the promotion of sanitation and have committed to declaring themselves Open Defecation Free by In order to achieve commitment to uniformity of practice across the sector, UNICEF played a vital role in bringing together decision makers from five government line agencies, heads of district authorities and representatives from partner organizations. Promoting harmonization in this way is an example of best practice that may be replicated more widely and across sectors. Launched by the Prime Minister of Nepal, the initiative to formulate a Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation was another important policyrelated achievement in 2013.The Framework for which the National Planning Commission, UNICEF and UNDP are joint coordinators gives priority to four overarching components: capacity building, coordination, Open Defecation Free and school WASH. The Framework ensures government leadership and reinforces government commitment to providing universal access to sanitation by Also in 2013, Nepal played host to the South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN V) for the first time in 10 years. Attended by 800 delegates from 8 South Asian nations, the conference produced a joint declaration that may have a farreaching impact on thousands of poor families across the region. Although SACOSAN was an important forum for highlevel decisionsmakers and policydesigners, it was of equal importance to communities, women and children whose participation in the policy design and decision making processes is vital. Delegates committed to declaring the whole of South Asia an Open Defecation Free area by EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 11

14 IR 2: Households in the most disadvantaged and least served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply services through coordinated district level WASH programmes Progress made under this Intermediate Result is more evident at the district and local levels. Benefits for communities, women and children can be seen in the increase in the number of declared Open Defecation Free areas, in the increased demand for sanitation marketing, and in improved access for households to small water supply schemes. With direct support from UNICEF, five districts declared themselves Open Defecation Free in 2013, meaning that all households in the district have access to and are using toilets. Similarly, in the two year period from 2011, UNICEF supported 347 VDCs and six municipalities in attaining Open Defecation Free status. In addition, a total of 22 districts have designed joint plans for water, hygiene and sanitation promotion and allocated budgets. One of the key common goals is achieving Open Defecation Free status by Thanks to a culmination of past and current efforts, Nepal s sanitation coverage has increased from 45% in 2010 to 62% in An increased demand for information about viable ways for private households to buy their own toilet has subsequently led to an increase in toilet sales. In 2012 and 2013 rural households purchased a total of 2,500 toilets from 19 producers. Connections between producers and consumers were set up by 35 sales agents trained by International Development Enterprise. Also in 2013, 39,691 marginalized people from the most disadvantaged communities benefited from new water supply services. Repairs were carried out on 276 water supply schemes benefitting a further 140,000 people. Water supply services are overseen by a Water Supply User Committee with trained maintenance workers available as needed. In line with its commitment to work towards the delivery of a safe water supply, UNICEF provided financial support in 2013 to the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (based in the Ministry of Urban Development). The Department used this support to construct deep borehole wells in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu districts as permanent arsenic mitigation measures. This intervention provided direct benefits to 6,900 people. In addition, funds were used to install arsenic removal filters in 180 households in Bardia district. In the same district, a total of 7,000 school children are currently benefitting from safe water while the construction of large biosand filters is underway in 14 additional schools. IR 3: Improved interagency collaboration, Government leadership and capacity in disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness and response Supporting government bodies to take the lead in disaster risk management, along with support for immediate response planning and response readiness were UNICEF s three areas of focus in 2013 under this Intermediate Result. With UNICEF support, the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation has designated focal persons for WASH emergency preparedness, response and management in all 75 districts. The government has also increased funds available for the integration of Disaster Risk Management into mainstream development programmes and has also demonstrated an increased commitment to climate change and disaster risk reduction initiatives. Progress has also been made in planning for emergencies. UNICEF worked with the Ministry of Urban Development to combine earthquake and flood contingency plans with other emergency plans to produce a unified MultiHazard Contingency Plan. 12 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

15 The District Preparedness and Response Plans of 19 districts were reviewed with special attention given to how WASH can be addressed before, during and after a disaster. As part of the implementation process, 1,085 district stakeholders received training on how to respond to natural disasters. In addition to the above achievements, UNICEF has prepositioned WASH supplies for 15,000 households in strategically located temporary storage locations across the country. UNICEF has also identified an additional 14 emergency distribution hubs. IR 4: All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools UNICEF supported work to make the Child Friendly Education Framework more effective. The Framework was endorsed by the Ministry of Education and includes critical indicators related to better WASH facilities in schools. It also underscores the need for no schools without toilets and highlights the importance of school WASH facilities. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In response to the Framework, the Department of Education allocated a budget for 11,500 girls toilets while UNICEF supported the development of 1,102 schools as model Child, Gender and Disabled Friendly school environments. UNICEF brought together representatives from the Department of Education and the Department of Health for a two day workshop to build understanding about the Fit for School health and education initiative, and reach consensus on how it should be promoted and taken forward. Also in 2013, groups of adolescents and women from two VDCs in Achham district worked hard to declare their villages Chaupadi Free. Chaupadi is the practice of confining menstruating women to a cow shed or similar outhouse in the belief that they are unclean during their period. IR 5: Families, especially those from disadvantaged groups, adopt basic health care practices and improved hygiene behaviors The publicprivate partnership to promote handwashing with soap was endorsed in 2012 by the Ministry of Urban Development, while the Ministry of Health and Population has been promoting the practice across the country. The programme is gaining momentum with 2013 seeing the active contribution of more than 25 private sector agencies including Yeti Airlines, the Chaudhary Group, Pashupati Paints, Nimbus, Standard Chartered Bank, Civil Bank, and Unilever. In addition, several national and international celebrities helped to spread campaign messages. Paras Khadka, captain of the national cricket team, was nominated by the Ministry of Health and Population, the Cricket Association of Nepal and UNICEF as a National Champion for hand washing with soap for a twoyear period. Handwashing with soap was also placed in the spotlight across South Asia following an endorsement from UNICEF s sanitation and hygiene ambassador, cricket superstar Sachin Tendulkar. In collaboration with the University of Buffalo (USA), UNICEF conducted a baseline survey to determine hand washing behavior among mothers, care givers and school children. Issues highlighted by the survey are being addressed by the National Hand Washing with Soap Programme which is running in 7 districts. Progress reports from the seven districts indicate that the prevalence of hand washing behavior among mothers and care givers has increased from 6% (before the intervention) to 100% (postintervention). This success can be attributed to the efforts made by Female Community Health Volunteers to explain the importance of hand washing with soap for child health to mothers and care givers in the 7 districts. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 13

16 4PROGRAMMEBACKGROUND 14 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

17 PROGRAMME BACKGROUND 1. COUNTRY SITUATION Democracy in Nepal took a major step forward in 2013 as the country held its second constituent assembly election. The first election in 2008 followed the 2006 peace accord that ended a 10 year Maoist insurgency and saw the monarchy removed from power. The 2013 election is expected to bring positive changes to the country s political and administrative systems. As the political parties continue to debate models of federalism, the country retains its current administrative set up of five development regions, 75 districts and 2915 VDCs. Although there are currently no elected officials at district or village level, sanitation initiatives having been taking place under VDC leadership. 61% of the country is now Open Defecation Free compared to only 43% in This has narrowed the gap between access to sanitation services and access to water supply, the latter currently standing at 85%. 4 PROGRAMME BACKGROUND As of 2010, 80% of Nepal s schools had toilet access while 43% of schools provided toilet facilities specifically for girls (National Management Information Project 2010). Although an analysis of the 2013 data is not currently available, both percentages are expected to have increased. UNICEF supports the Government of Nepal s leadership in achieving the national goal of universal sanitation and water supply coverage by With this goal in mind, initiatives have focused very much on the delivery of water, hygiene and sanitation services to schools and households. However, Nepal still remains extremely vulnerable to natural disasters and the effects of climate change. Glacial melting, for example, poses a significant threat, and indicates increases of temperature in areas thousands of meters above sea level. Nepal s mountain ranges fall within a subduction zone a region in which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge. This puts the Kathmandu valley at constant risk of a high intensity earthquake. The city s adhoc planning and disorganized infrastructure development make the process of disaster preparedness planning extremely challenging. UNICEF, with support from donors and from the Government of Nepal, will continue to collaborate with a range of agencies to improve national water supply and sanitation systems. Through its country programme, UNICEF seeks to bridge service gaps and both accelerate and consolidate progress to date. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 15

18 2. Five YEAR PROGRAMME: MAJOR EXPECTED RESULTS AND OUTCOMES The overall aim of the programme is to contribute to the realization of children s rights to survival and development by promoting sector investment and support programmes that scale up WASH services in a sustainable and equitable manner. Specifically, the programme aims to achieve the following five Intermediate Results: IR 1: One harmonized national WASH sector programme is fully operational and sector financing strategy is operationalized to target marginalized and unserved people Joint Sector Financing Strategy endorsed by the end of Joint Sector Review held annually and at least 80% of recommendations are implemented within given timeframes. National WASH Programme Document endorsed by Sector Climate Change Adaptation Strategy and National Urban and Slum WASH strategy endorsed by the end of Joint WASH plans and budgets implemented in at least 25 districts. IR 2: Households in the most disadvantaged and least served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply services through coordinated district level WASH programmes An increase of at least 35% in sanitation coverage in 18 UNICEF supported districts (approximately 1.2 million people). At least 540 new VDCs and 8 districts are declared Open Defecation Free Open Defecation Free status is sustained and there is a reduction of at least 40% in incidences of diarrhea in Open Defecation Free VDCs. Safe (temporary) water options will be made available to all households in the Terai affected by arsenic contamination by ,000 unserved marginalized people have access to improved water supply. Women occupy at least 33% of the decision making roles Water Supply User Committees. IR 3: Improved interagency collaboration, Government of Nepal leadership and capacity in disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness and response All 75 districts of Nepal have a contingency plan which includes a WASH component. Cluster meetings are held regularly, national contingency plans are updated and the capacity of counterparts increases. Joint WASH Disaster Risk Reduction strategy is formulated by The current water supply system in the Kathmandu valley is retrofitted to work as a backup system in the case of an earthquake by UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

19 IR 4: All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools National Minimum Standards for Child, Gender and Disabled friendly School WASH are endorsed by mid2011. All relevant textbooks (grade 112) to include modules on basic hygiene practices including menstrual hygiene management. At least 3,000 more schools have adequate WASH facilities through direct UNICEF support; 20,000 schools receive similar support from the Department of Education. At least 3,000 more schools have functioning child clubs which promote hygiene and sanitation practices and help to maintain hygiene and sanitation facilities. IR 5: Families, especially those from disadvantaged groups, are adopting basic health care practices and improved hygiene behaviours National HandWashing (HW) Strategy formulated and rolled out in phases reaching all districts by the end of PROGRAMME BACKGROUND At least 65% of households have and use latrines and wash hands with soap by 2012; 85% by UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 17

20 5PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 18 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

21 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 2013 witnessed many milestone achievements for the WASH sector in the Nepal. These include the formulation of a WASH Sector Development Plan and the successful launch of the Millennium Goal Acceleration Framework on Sanitation. A Nepal Conference on Sanitation (NECOSAN) and a Terai Sanitation Conference (TECOSAN) took place, and Nepal played host to the South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN V). The funds for the programme Aligning for Action Sanitation and Water for All in the Context of Climate Change in Nepal from the Government of Finland have been used to improve sector harmony and to strengthen systems. In the first three years of the programme, results were achieved by encouraging government and sector partners to adopt a more programmatic approach, with a clear emphasis on joint planning and implementation. This progress (by result area) is presented below. Results reflect the use of Finnish funding, UNICEF resources and resources provided by the Government of Nepal and other sector partners. IR 1: One harmonized national WASH sector program is fully operational and sector financing strategy is operationalized to target marginalized and unserved people 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Progress on Indicator 1.1 WASH sector financing strategy endorsed A. Government Leadership: The Government took a more effective lead in 2013 and was able to achieve three important sector results: the development of a national WASH programme document; continuing the coordination role of the Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit at the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation; and completing a study on service delivery, features and options. In addition, and with support from UNICEF, the Government focused on achieving greater harmonization and sector reform. The Ministry of Urban Development provided consistent leadership for the process of ensuring interagency collaboration and coordination during the formulation of the National WASH programme document. The document gives priority to five key areas: i) Sector coordination; ii) Policy/strategy; iii) Sector finance; iv) Institutional arrangements; and v) Sector performance. The Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit established under the Water and Environment Division provides a platform for regular dialogue and coordination within the sector. The Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit, with funding support from the World Bank and technical support from development partners and sector stakeholders, commissioned a study on implementation and financing modalities for the rural water supply subsector. The study report is a milestone document which provides a strong basis for sector reform and for formulating the financing component of the WASH programme document. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 19

22 Progress on Indicator 1.2 Sector monitoring and evaluation data (incorporating gender and social inclusion issues) used for the Joint Sector Review and for sector planning A. Strengthening the Monitoring and Evaluation System UNICEF set up an evidencebased planning system in 2013, charging the Government of Nepal with setting up a robust monitoring and evaluation system with guidelines to ensure standards. The system should promote sustainable practice and stakeholder compliance should be easy to obtain. UNICEF continues to support the monitoring and evaluation sections of the Ministry of Urban Development in addressing recommendations made by Joint Sector Review. The sector ministry has proposed a set of Clear Reliable Economic Achievable and Measurable (CREAM) indicators (see BOX 2) that are in line with both national surveys and global monitoring systems such as the Joint Monitoring Programme. Indicators can supply data for periodic reporting. UNICEF carried out consultation exercises on monitoring and evaluation guidelines with the heads of the District Water Supply and Sanitation Division offices in the mid west, far west, and central development regions. A guideline explaining the 4W approach (What / Who / When / Whom) will be finalized following input from sector stakeholders. BOX 1: Recommendations from the Joint Sector Review Performance Monitoring Reach agreement on development and use of the National Management Information Project as the primary sector data source. Incorporate monitoring the functional status of systems into existing monitoring systems. Improve dissemination of monitoring reports. Agree on proposed Clear Reliable Economic Achievable Measurable (CREAM) indicators and establish a regular progress sharing mechanism. Sector Assessment The sector should embark on a detailed sector assessment to address gaps in knowledge identified in the Sector Status Report. The Sector Assessment should be conducted by internationally trusted independent consultants with strong local partners. The sector assessment should look closely at the Country Status Overview methodology to see if this could be incorporated into sector assessment methodology. The Ministry of Urban Development introduced a simple monitoring and evaluation system (focusing on coverage only) during the annual Sector Stakeholder Group Review meeting. This and other efforts, promote the adoption of a standard, sector wide monitoring and evaluation system using CREAM indicators and approved by the sector ministry. The Sector Stakeholder Group is using a revised monitoring and evaluation tool in order to collect data and information. The National Management Information Project report (which will be published in near future) will document the results of this initiative with a special focus on coverage and functionality. The upcoming Joint Sector Review will also incorporate this new tool into its review processes. 20 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

23 SN Box 2: Proposed Clear Reliable Economic Achievable Measurable (CREAM) * Indicators for Nepal 1 Access: % of people/households A B served with treated water supply served with improved water supply 2 Water Quality: No. of schemes that comply with national standards No. of schemes with beneficiary populations 3 Quantity of water: % of schemes that comply with minimum national standards 4 Functionality: No. of schemes functional. Ratio of actual supply to required supply hours. 5 Per capita investment cost 6 Equity: A B C Mean deviation from district average% of schemes, by person per improved water service. Reaching the unreached % of schemes addressing needs of all marginalized groups 7 Sanitation: % of households with access to improved sanitation A B C 8 Gender A B No. of VDCs Declared Open Defecation Free No. of schools with improved water supply facilities No. of schools with toilet facilities % of Water Supply Users Committees with women holding key positions % of Water Supply Users Committees complying with regulations governing women s participation 9 Management : % of schemes with active Water Supply Users Committee boards / operators 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS B. Support for Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. MICS is designed to collect statistically sound, internationally comparable data from the key indicators used to assess the health, education, water and sanitation, hand washing, protection, and HIV/AIDS status of women and children in Nepal. Building on the experiences of the subnational MICS of 2010, the Government of Nepal has started preparations for a national survey. For the first time in Nepal, MICS will be used to collect water quality testing data (microbiological analysis mainly to detect E. coli) at source, tap, and household levels. To support the initiative, UNICEF Nepal is developing the technical capacity of the Central Bureau of Statistics and another local institution to collect water quality data. Quality assurance support is being provided by UNICEF HQ. The data generated by MICS and other nationally representative household surveys, will be critically important for final Millennium Development Goal reporting, and for monitoring commitments made. Data collection in Nepal will start from February 2014; the data are expected to be available for the Secretary General s final Millennium Development Goal report in the summer of UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 21

24 Progress on Indicator 1.3 % of Joint Sector Review policy recommendations & priority undertakings implemented on schedule A. Progress Made on Joint Sector Review recommendations: The first Joint Sector Review laid the foundations for sector reform in Nepal. The review identified 36 priority actions for the sector, and presented a clear delineation of the roles and responsibilities of sector stakeholders. The following are the priority action points and the status of tasks accomplished by the sector in general and UNICEF in particular: Table 2: Progress Made on Joint Sector Review Recommendations Joint Sector Review / Sector Stakeholder Group Thematic Working Group Areas # of Joint Sector Review 2011 Action Points Action point supported by UNICEF Achievements Sector Coordination 4 4 With UNICEF support, national, regional and district coordination platforms are now operational. District WASH Coordination Committees and Village WASH Coordination Committee are operational in target districts. Institutional framework and capacity building 4 4 Benchmarking of local service providers is being carried out by the Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit. Following successful advocacy efforts from UNICEF, the Sector Stakeholder Group has been holding regular planning and review meetings since This has helped to create a joint planning, review and programming culture within the sector. Financing 2 2 An independent sector assessment study recommended 3 priority investments. An assessment of the differences in implementation modalities in the rural WASH sector has also been completed. These two studies provided a framework and a strategic direction for sector financing, particularly in the rural sector Functionality 3 3 A set of directives and procedures for water supply operators has been put in place. This will facilitate supplier performance monitoring activities. In addition, the Government has created a separate budget line for the rehabilitation of water supply projects requiring major repair. Sanitation & Hygiene 4 4 The Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation was launched, and specific action plans developed for four key areas (planning and coordination, capacity building, Open Defecation Free areas and school WASH). The Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan implementation guidelines have been reviewed and are in the process being approved by the sector ministry. Water Quality 4 4 The Water Safety Plan has been integrated into mainstream water supply projects as a separate component. Regular water quality testing and documentation is being carried out in diarrhea prone districts. Water quality testing (bacteriological) is included as part of the MICS led by the Central Bureau of Statistics. CrossCutting Issues Gender and Social Inclusion WASH in Emergencies Monitoring and Evaluation Total The sector ministry has created a separate Gender and Social Inclusion unit and a set of Gender and Social Inclusion guidelines is being formulated. Disaggregated data are being collected and shared in progress review meetings. 5 5 The WASH cluster is in the processes of transitioning to joint lineministry / UNICEF leadership. A separate Disaster Risk Management programme has been defined by Department of Water Supply and Sanitation with a separate budget line for Disaster Risk Management. The Department is piloting the integration of Disaster Risk Management into its programmes in several districts. 6 6 The second update of the National Management Information Project report is currently being processed and will be finalized by the first quarter of The report will be widely disseminated at national and subnational levels. An annual progress reporting format was developed, and progress reviewed in the second Sector Stakeholder Group (SSG) meeting. Capacity building on monitoring and evaluation for District WASH Coordination Committees will help to streamline reporting systems at district level and above. 22 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

25 B. Results of Collaboration among Sector Stakeholder Group Members To advance the agenda of sector reform and sector harmonization, the Sector Stakeholder Group regularly convenes to review progress and set a course for future action. The second Sector Stakeholder Group review meeting on 20th September 2013 concluded that the sector has made tremendous progress and is on track to achieve the national target of Water and sanitation for All by Stakeholder meetings not only provide a forum for goal setting and review, but also help to align and motivate those who attend. This type of cooperation has proved instrumental for exploring stakeholder strengths and for group synergy. Sharing information in group meetings enables the stakeholder group to avoid duplication of effort and to deploy resources in districts where they are most needed. Meetings have also helped stakeholders to leverage results across many regions of the country. The group has also carried out an exercise to map sector agencies and their activities which has fed into a stakeholder action plan for 2013 / 14. At the national level, representatives from the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project and from the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project in western Nepal have also started to participate in Sector Stakeholder Group meetings. As a result of this participation, a joint action plan to address common issues has been developed. Major achievements and key strategies for the sector that have been documented by the Sector Stakeholders Group are as follows: Nepal has achieved its Millennium Development Goal for water accessibility 73% (85%); 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Nepal is on track to achieve its Millennium Development Goal target for sanitation 53% (62%); 9 districts and 26% of VDCs (1,020) have declared themselves Open Defecation Free; communities are practicing improved hygiene behaviours; The Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan and the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation clearly indicate the action that needs to be taken by the Ministries of Urban Development, Health, Education, and Federal Affairs and Local Development in addition to other concerned agencies; The regular sector and thematic consultation that has taken place as part of the WASH programme has raised confidence and improved sector coordination; Learning from Aligning for Action and from the National Conference on Sanitation (NECOSAN) can inform programmatic approaches; The 13 th Three Year Plan focuses on improved service delivery, better functionality and better quality services. C. Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan: Implementation Guidelines Implementation guidelines for the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan were finalized in 2013 and are soon to be approved by the Ministry of Urban Development. Once in force, the guidelines are expected to promote bottomup planning, the development of strong local leadership, community ownership, uniformity of approach, and the principle of no subsidy. In order to address issues of sanitation and hygiene in the urban slums and other disadvantaged urban areas, an urban sanitation concept note has been drafted as an annex UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 23

26 to the implementation guidelines. A number of Master Training of Trainers modules for both regional and district level participants have been prepared with the support of JICA. D. Regional Level Consultation WASH Coordination Committees in the central and eastern regions of the country have developed sanitation action plans based on the success of the Aligning for Action initiatives in the mid and far west. UNICEF provided both financial and technical support to organize regional level consensus building meetings in both regions. Planning workshops identified targets for declaring 35 low sanitation coverage districts Open Defecation Free by Such regional workshops are noted for their success in encouraging partner organizations and local authorities to make specific commitments to water and sanitation development. Regional workshops held in Biratnagar and Kathmandu were instrumental in spurring agency heads in 32 districts into action. The workshops were attended by Local Development Officers, Water Supply and Sanitation Divisional Chief Engineers, Women s Development Officers, District Education Officers and members of the District WASH Coordination Committees, among others. E. Other Activities and Achievements Another outstanding achievement for the Government of Nepal in 2013 was the successful hosting of the fifth South Asian Conference on Sanitation (SACOSAN V). The eight nations attending put forward a joint goal of declaring the whole region Open Defecation Free by In addition to this, the conference put forward a 10point declaration highlighting the urgent need to improve the hygiene and sanitation status of millions of people living in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Around 800 delegates ranging from government ministers to children and community activists discussed key issues in depth, and committed to the ongoing improvement of sanitation in the region. UNICEF played a crucial role in helping the Government of Nepal to prepare for the event, and provided technical and financial support to conference coordinators at the Ministry of Urban Development. The theme for SACOSAN V was Sanitation for All: All for Sanitation. UNICEF also provided support for setting up a SACOSAN Secretariat and in sourcing consultants to run it. In addition to being an important forum for policy makers, bureaucrats, and decision makers, SACOSAN also provides opportunities for children and communities to have a say in decisions that will greatly shape their lives. Dr. Ram Baran Yadav, the President of Nepal, inaugurated the conference by declaring Bhaktapur district Open Defecation Free. In the days that followed, delegates attended a number of impressive country presentations, technical focus sessions, and information sharing sessions led by representatives from local communities. Delegates also made field visits to Kavre and Kaski districts which provided insights into the way in which the sanitation movement is gaining ground in the rural areas of Nepal. NECOSAN: As part of the preparation for SACOSAN V, the Government of Nepal organized a twoday national conference on sanitation (NECOSAN) in order to pool local sanitation knowledge and to share ideas for innovation and best practice. The event was a success, particularly in providing momentum to the sanitation movement in the Terai, where several districts have less than 35% sanitation coverage. TECOSAN: In order to strengthen and accelerate the sanitation movement in the Terai in 2013, TECOSAN was held in Janakpur, Dhanusha district. The conference successfully explored opportunities for breaking down the sociocultural barriers relating to the use 24 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

27 of toilets in the region. Delegates were also reminded about the principles laid down in the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation relating to nosubsidy household toilet installation. F. Policy Level Intervention Another milestone policy level intervention was the formulation of the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation by the National Planning Commission with support from UNICEF and UNDP. The Framework directs five secretaries from the National Planning Commission, the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Urban Development, and the Ministry of Health and Population to increase resource allocation for sanitation and to improve interministry coordination. The Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation was launched by the Prime Minister. The framework is a confirmation of the renewed commitment to Millennium Development Goals made by global leaders at the UN High Level Summit in Picture 2. Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework on Sanitation Document The Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework supports: i) the identification and prioritization of the highimpact strategic interventions that must take place in order to achieve goals and targets; ii) the identification and prioritization of bottlenecks that prevent priority strategic interventions from being successfully and effectively implemented; iii) the identification and prioritization of actionable, shortterm and costeffective solutions to address the bottlenecks and fasttrack the achievement of selected Millennium Development Goal targets; iv) the development of a Country Action Plan for the implementation of identified solutions, which identifies the stakeholders and resources responsible for implementation; v) the implementation and monitoring of the Country Action Plan to ensure that it is achieving the required impact. In late 2013, a joint team of UN agencies including UNICEF, UNDP, WFP, WHO and UNHABITAT, along with the World Bank and ADB reviewed the action plan, identified resource gaps and submitted details of the gaps to the Office of the UN Secretary General for special attention and funding support. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Nepal s Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation aims to strengthen the sector harmonization process in the following ways: 1. The Government must publicly confirm its position, and its commitment to that position through a series of public announcements stating that open defecation is prohibited. District WASH Coordination Committees must also develop local strategies to prevent open defecation. 2. The Government will make a public announcement No subsidy for private household toilets. All relevant ministries will circulate information to their district and regional offices about the No Subsidy principle. However, a special support package for the most marginalized and disadvantaged will be developed by local bodies through consultation with local populations. 3. The Government will implement a No schools without toilets campaign. 4. The government will select districts with less than 50% sanitation coverage and carry out intensive Open Defecation Free programmes funded from central level budgets. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 25

28 Progress on Indicator 1.4 WASH Program document (incorporating gender and social inclusion issues) is endorsed by 2012 A. Preparation of a One WASH National Programme Document The Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit conducted a review of the critical components of water supply and sanitation programming in 2013 in order to bring insights to the national One WASH Programme development process. ADB provided the Unit with an international consultant to assist in the development of the programme document. The process is expected to yield the following results: a. A National One WASH Sector Plan, the implementation of which will be led by the government, and which will promote institutional coordination at all levels. The plan will ultimately be supported using a sectorwide approach. b. Technical capacity is retained by the sector especially at district, municipal and VDC levels. c. A common approach to sector financing and 360 degree accountability; and d. A monitoring and evaluation system that ensures efficient programme delivery and cost effectiveness. B. Stakeholder Consultations A series of meetings with sector stakeholders were initiated to formulate the outline and contents of the programme document. A national WASH matrix has been developed and agreed; the matrix will provide a shared vision and highlight accountability (Annex 2). An outline of the Programme Document is currently at the draft stage and includes a chapter dedicated to issues of gender, equity, climate change, women s/children s rights and social inclusion, to ensure that unreached and unserved populations are not neglected. In order to foster feelings of ownership, the sector ministry is setting up a series of thematic working groups. UNICEF will also actively participate in drafting specific chapters of the document. In addition, specific actions articulated by the 2 nd Joint Sector Review will be integrated into the document. C. SouthSouth Cooperation Ethiopia, Uganda and Sanitation and Water for All UNICEF provided learning opportunities for senior sector officials by organizing study trips to Ethiopia and Uganda. After seeing how the sectorwide approach works in practice, officials are now better placed to provide guidance to the sector, and to take the lead in sector reform initiatives here in Nepal. UNICEF also provided funds for sector ministry officials and steering committee members to participate in the 2013 Sanitation and Water for All Steering Committee meetings held in South Africa and Geneva. 26 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

29 Progress on Indicator 1.5 National Urban & Slum Sanitation Strategy endorsed In order to improve urban sanitation management, a concept note has been developed for the management of public toilets in urban areas. This concept note is in line with the principles of the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan and implementation guidelines. The contents of the note were discussed by the sanitation task force at the national level and by district engineers in three regions before being finalized. UNICEF plans to do additional work with the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, municipal divisions, and municipalities to define a clear strategy for urban sanitation initiatives. Declaring urban areas Open Defecation Free remains a huge challenge as urban sanitation problems are complex. This concept note will help to bring together sector actors to develop a broader strategy for urban sanitation. Progress on Indicator 1.6 Sector Climate Change Adaptation Strategy endorsed Following advocacy efforts by UNICEF and other sector actors to highlight the importance of coordination in addressing issues of climate change and disaster risk reduction, the Ministry of Urban Development established a National Coordination Committee in The job of the committee is to harmonize sector interventions, and to bring climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into mainstream WASH programming. The committee comprises representatives from the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development, and the Ministry of Health and Population, in addition to representatives from supporting ministries, I/NGOs and UN agencies working in these areas. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Nepal s National Disaster Risk Management strategy includes a set of guidelines for the WASH sector that describe actions that the sector must take in order to adapt programming to the country s changing climate and increasing number of lowintensity disasters. In addition, UNICEF has supported the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage in the formulation of gendersensitive implementation guidelines for brining disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into mainstream WASH programming. The Department of Water Supply and Sanitation in collaboration with other sector actors is in the process of setting up a Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Section. The new section will strengthen implementation of the Department s Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Programme. In addition, a separate component on climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction appears in the WASH programme document being developed by the Ministry of Urban Development. This highlights the need for all actors in the sector to adopt risksensitive approaches to WASH programming. This new component represents a significant milestone in the process of integrating climate change adaptation and disaster risk management into mainstream WASH programming. Progress on Indicator 1.7 % of WASH funds channeled through joint national systems Since 2011, UNICEF has been channeling more than 70% of its funds through the Government s Red Book (estimated income and expenditure budgets) (DOLIDAR/MOFALD DDF). From mid2014, funding will start to be channeled though the central treasury. This UNICEF initiative will encourage other agencies to work towards greater sector harmonization and is in line with the ultimate goal of one programme, one budget as proposed in the Paris Declaration. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 27

30 IR 2: Households in the most disadvantaged and least served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply services through coordinated district level WASH programmes In 2013, UNICEF supported the Nepal Government in spearheading Aligning for Action: a nationwide social movement to promote sanitation. The initiative was widely applauded by a wide range of stakeholders for harnessing both government leadership and people power to create new social norms for an Open Defecation Free society. UNICEF s innovative initiative promotes the principle of stakeholder and community collaboration and supports the harmonization of approaches to universal water and sanitation coverage in Nepal. In order to contribute to the achievement of the government s goal of universal access to water and sanitation services by 2017, groups of stakeholders have been working together to target the most disadvantaged districts and VDCs. Significant progress in institutional strengthening and organizational development for these groups was made in The map below shows areas where multistakeholder engagement is driving the social movement for sanitation in the country. Map 1: Districts with multistakeholder engagement 28 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

31 Progress on Indicator 2.1 Number of districts with joint WASH strategies, plans, and budgets A. Formulation of Joint WASH Plans UNICEF/RVWRMP/RWSSPWN Supported Programme Districts in Nepal UNICEF funding MFA funding DfID funding RVWRMP RWSSPWN 1 Humla Humla Humla 2 Bajhang Bajhang Bajhang 3 Bajura Bajura Bajura 4 Dadeldhura Dadeldhura 5 Accham Accham Achham 6 Jumla Jumla Baitadi 7 Mugu Mugu Dailekh 8 Dolpa Dopla Darchula 9 Kalikot Kalikot Doti 10 Jajarkot Kailali 11 Rukum 12 Dang 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 13 Kapilvastu Kapilvastu 14 Nawalparasi Nawalparasi 15 Chitwan Tanahun 16 Kavre Myagdi 17 Parsa Parsa Baglung 18 Kaski Pyuthan 19 Tanahu Rupandehi 20 Sunsari Syanja 21 Panchthar Parbat 22 Saptari Saptari 23 Udaypur 24 Doti Doti 25 Salyan 26 Baitadi Baitadi 27 Dhanusha Dhanusha 28 Mahottari Mahottari 29 Rautahat Rautahat 30 Siraha UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 29

32 The success of Aligning for Action in the mid and farwest regions has led to its replication nationwide. 22 programme districts have developed and operationalized a joint District WASH/Sanitation/Open Defecation Free plan, with budgets to spend on achieving Open Defecation Free status by District level strategic plans have been endorsed by District Councils and operationalized. The majority of the district level plans describe budget requirements and allocations and present clear timelines for achieving Open Defecation Free status. The list of districts with Open Defecation Free plans can be found in Annex 3. UNICEF initiated the process of formulating joint WASH plans in Kaski, Chitwan and Tanahun districts. Innovations such as basketfunding and adopting a uniform programme approach were introduced during the programme formulation process and then successfully implemented. Several other districts have since adopted this model of collaboration. In December 2013, the Finnish Government and UNICEF conducted a joint review of Aligning for Action: Eradicating Diarrhea in the Mid and Far Western Regions of Nepal. This collaborative effort helped to set in motion discussions relating to the midterm review, including bidding, review criteria, consultant selection, and facilitation of the review process. In response to recommendations in the Joint Mid Term Review, UNICEF plans to reexamine water supply funding and related issues of functionality. In addition, UNICEF will organize a regular, fourmonthly meeting for donors and programme partners to ensure that effective coordination is taking place. At the same time, UNICEF will maintain its formal coordination mandates with the national, regional, district, municipality, and villagelevel WASH Coordination Committees. As UNICEF moves into the new Country Programme Action Plan, its activities in the districts of Kaski, Chitwan, Sunsari, Kavre and Tanahun are being phased out with only limited support being made available to sustain the progress made in sanitation. These districts are among the 22 where interventions supported by the Finnish Government were being carried out. Due to the strong presence to UNHABITAT, UNICEF has also shifted its focus away from Sunsari district. Upcoming funding support from DfID will be delivered in seven additional districts: Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari, Rautahat, Salyan, Doti and Baitadi. Districts were selected based on a set of predetermined criteria. Efforts were made to avoid duplication of support when making the selection. B. PostOpen Defecation Free Plan PostOpen Defecation Free plans are now being implemented in Kaski, Tanahun, Chitwan, Achham and Kalikot districts. UNICEF and other partners have helped to direct these efforts towards achieving universal sanitation. This is in line with the Sanitation and Hygiene Master Plan. The government has also allocated resources to support these districts in achieving universal sanitation. 30 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

33 the districts. C. PostODF Plan: Following the Open Defecation Free declarations, implementation of post OpenDefecationO K districts. Free plans are moved forward in Kaski, Tanahun, Chitwan, Achham and Kalikot Progress Indicator %direct increase theopendefecationfre number of marginalized and these in post eeefforts towards UNICEF and on other partners 2.2 heelped disadvantaged peoplein served withthe improved facilities in DACAW districts achieving total sanitation linee with Nepalíssanitation Hygiene and Sanitation M Master Plan. The government has also allocated reesources to help these districts move into this direction. Progress on Indicator 2.2 % incrrease of Marginalized Disadvantaged Group p (MDAG) people A. Support to the Sanitation Social and Movement served with improved sanitation faacilities in DACAW districts The governmentled social movement for sanitation enjoys the support of all stakeholders A. Support the Sanitation Socia Movement: sanitation coverage jumping from 43% in 2010 in the sectortoand has resulted inalnationwide The sanitation social movement t ledproject by the 2010) Government, with joint support and coordinated (National Management Information to 62% in 2011 (2011 Census). Sanitation coverage UNICEFsupported programme districts rose from 36 per cent ins 2008 to 73from per effort of allinstakeholders, has ressulted in increased sanitation coverage across the nation cent in (UNICEFtoAnnual Report 2013). This is shown the graph below. Thesignificant increase 43% in (NMIP) 62% in n 2011(Census, 2011). The inprogress also records can be primarily attributed to therage Open Free status of Kaski,distr Chitwan, Tanahun, improvement in sanitation cover in Defecation UNICEFsupported programme ricts from 36 per Accham and Kalikot districts, the latter two being the remotest and the least developed cent in 2008 to 73 per cent in (UNICEF Annual Report 2013) as per the t graph below. districts in the country according to the Human Development Index. This is primarily attributed to the achievement of Open Defecation Freee by 5 districts including Kaski, Chitwan, Tanaahu, Accham and Kalikot, the latter two beeing the remotest and the 1: least developedcoverage districts intrends Nepal in as UNICEF per the Human Development dex. Graph Sanitation supported DistrictsInd 90% % % 60% % 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source of data: UNICEF internal monitoring and evaluation data. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 31 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 100%

34 Children lead sanitation initiatives in their school catchment area Dharma Raj Kafle is a teacher at the Ganesh Secondary School in Panchthar district. He is blind, and was able to inspire his students to be passionate about sanitation issues in their school and in their community. One day in class, Dharma Raj told his students that a long time ago, while he was out walking he trod in some faeces but didn t discover what he has done until much later in the day. He blamed his misadventure on his blindness how was he to know that there were faeces lying on the road when he had no sight? After hearing conversations in the village recounting the same misfortune again and again, Dharma Raj discovered that treading in faeces was a common occurrence in his community. It was not his eyes that were the problem but open defecation. Why don t people who have eyes to see move their bowels in appropriate places? he wondered. the hygiene and sanitation messages they had communicated to households in the area. He also told us how Mr. Kafle had coached them through the process. A teacher s story of treading in faeces, of how garbage should be thrown in the dustbin, and why things that smell should be washed away, struck a deep cord with the students. They shared stories with their teacher of how friends of their parents sold grain to buy a toilet and how the mother of a friend built a toilet for her household while her husband was away. After hearing their teacher s story, child club members felt thankful that they could see the garbage littering their school premises. Being able to see the mess means that it is easy to clear it up. They soon put together a plan detailing the places to clean and when to do it. As the school moved forward with its School Led Total Sanitation initiative aimed at achieving Open Defecation Free status for the school catchment area, bonds between teachers and students were further cemented. Deepak Laxman from grade 10 is the chairperson of the school child club. He told us about the community dramas that had been staged by students and about The school premises are clean, but the impact goes beyond that. Improved sanitation has had a positive effect on the students study skills. Neema Tamang, deputy chairperson of the child club tells us about how club members organize extracurricular activities on their own these days. They set the agenda, select a chairperson for their programme, and carry out the facilitation duties and offer prizes to students coming in first, second and third places in competitions. With UNICEF s support, the school was able to declare its catchment area Open Defecation Free in UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

35 B. Regional and District Level Consultation and Training Regional WASH Coordinating Committees are now functioning in all 5 development regions; the committees work to generate consensus among stakeholders in addition to providing strategic guidance to the districts. Regional sanitation conferences held in the Eastern and Central development regions helped to ramp up the social movement for sanitation, particularly in districts with low sanitation coverage. District level WASH conferences were held to review progress and create momentum for the movement. District WASH Coordinating Committees are operational in all 22 districts and are working to support community mobilization for toilet construction and use. At the village level, Village WASH Coordinating Committees have been formed in 616 (58%) VDCs. Each committee has developed a Village WASH plan to accelerate the progress of village level social movements for sanitation. This in turn will help VDCs to more rapidly achieve Open Defecation Free status. C. Sanitation Marketing The innovative sanitation marketing initiative started in 2012 in partnership with International Development Enterprise Nepal is netting promising results, especially in the Terai districts of Siraha, Dhanusha, Rupendehi and Kapilvastu. A prelaunch market analysis exercise (using deep dive methodologies) identified the opportunities and threats in the market environment along with the key obstacles to latrine adoption. Most notable among the latter is the time consuming and complex purchasing process, which is usually undertaken by male householders. In order to remove obstacles in the purchase and delivery processes, the project designed a lowcost, highquality, aspirational latrine which the private sector can market to households as a complete sanitation solution. The latrine itself was developed through a process of iterative prototyping and user testing, with the final product finetuned based on user feedback and the principles of good design. The design was then validated through piloting. Picture 3: A model of latrine slab promoted under Sanitation marketing A business model was also developed in which one organization in the supply chain (referred to as a concrete producer) acts as a onestopshop both manufacturing and selling a complete latrine solution. Concrete producers are established businesses with technical knowhow, manufacturing equipment and human resources, which source raw materials locally. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS During the lifecycle of the project, a total of 2,484 latrines were purchased by rural households through 19 concrete producers. This sanitation marketing experiment has clearly produced a viable business model for improving access to sanitation across rural Nepal. D. Scaling up Sanitation Marketing There is immense potential for this type of sanitation marketing in the Terai region. Recognizing this, UNICEF plans to use the approach in 11 additional districts. While scaling up the initiative, UNICEF will be mindful of the following: UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 33

36 Engage with the larger private sector organizations that have better geographic coverage and a greater capacity to develop and manage their own networks. Make additional improvements to the product design to provide greater cost savings and manufacturing efficiencies; simplify the installation of the latrine substructure; make transportation of the latrine easier; and provide more affordable shelter options. Further develop the sales strategy, tools, and training packages taking into consideration local languages, social norms and cultural barriers to latrine construction. Give sales agents and concrete producers a bigger role in the creation of demand, while at the same time reducing the involvement of project staff. Improve coordination with the Government to get official endorsement of the Sanitation Marketing Approach; conduct orientation sessions on the Sanitation Marketing Approach for government and nongovernment stakeholders and discuss how a collaborative approach may be developed. Develop additional options for shelters that can be sold by the private sector. Explore designs that can be produced at less than the existing cost. Progress on Indicator 2.3 Number of VDCs declared Open Defecation Free in districts supported by UNICEF A. Open Defecation Free Movement The declaration of so many Open Defecation Free areas by both districts and VDCs is very encouraging; results indicate that Nepal is on track to achieve the national goal of sanitation for all by UNICEF has supported its district partners and also district, village and municipal level WASH Coordinating Committees in achieving Open Defecation Free status in 347 VDCs and 6 municipalities as of as of November Open Defecation Free VDC coverage is illustrated in map 2 below: Map2: Open Defecation Free status in districts supported by UNICEF 34 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

37 The Open Defecation Free status achieved by VDCs, especially those in the far west, promises to net improvements in the health status of children. During the last three years, the number of Open Defecation Free VDCs in districts supported by UNICEF has risen to 421 significant progress compared to the baseline data (see graph 2). Detailed, cumulative data by year is presented in Annex 4. When it comes to getting households and communities to adopt improved sanitation practices, children and child clubs have had a huge positive influence. The SchoolLed Total Sanitation programme continues to provide an excellent platform for children to emerge as role models and change agents who influence their schools, their peer groups, and the community at large to adopt positive hygiene behaviours. In addition, the Junior Red Cross Circle and the Red Cross Volunteers have played a pivotal role in raising sanitation awareness and promoting hygiene behaviour change in schools and communities. Many of the children here have never seen a city or a vehicle on the highway, but they work hard to keep the toilet clean and the school premises garbage free. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS n Home Prasad Khanal, Headmaster, Nilgiri Secondary School, Siwang Village Development Committee 33 Graph 2: Open Defecation Free coverage by number of VDCs declared with UNICEF support Baseline ODF Coverage 2011 ODF Coverage 2012 ODF Coverage 2013 Source of data: UNICEF internal monitoring F coverage and trend evaluation in UNICEF data. supported Districts er of Districts declared ODF UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign n, 11 Affairs districts of Finland of 35 for Action and in the spirit of collaboration un, Myagdi, Parbat, Pyuthan, Achham, Mawanpur, Kalikot, been declared as ODF by the end of Out of these 11

38 Progress on Indicator 2.4 Number of Districts declared Open Defecation Free A. Open Defecation Free Districts Under the Aligning for Action banner, and in the spirit of collaboration, Kaski, Chitwan, Tanahun, Myagdi, Parbat, Pyuthan, Achham, Makwanpur, Kalikot, Bhaktapur and Mustang districts had achieved Open Defecation Free status by the end of UNICEF provided the majority of support to Kaski, Chitwan, Tanahu, Accham and Kalikot districts. Picture 4. ODF declaration celebration in Accham Picture 5. ODF declaration celebration in Kalikot Map3.Total number of districts declared Open Defection Free 36 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

39 Table 3: Total Population benefitting from Open Defecation Free District Status SN District Total HHs Population Benefitted Female Male Total 1 Kaski 125, , , ,098 2 Chitwan , , ,984 3 Tanahu 78, , , ,288 4 Accham 48, , , ,477 5 Kalikot 23,013 68,115 68, ,948 Total 407, , ,723 1,789,795 Around 1.7 million people now have access to improved sanitation facilities in 5 UNICEFsupported Open Defecation Free districts as shown in Table 3. Additionally, two other UNICEFsupported districts (Panchthar and Dadeldhura) have set dates for their Open Defecation Free declarations in early Major districtlevel Open Defecation Freerelated activities supported by UNICEF: Regular operational meetings of the District WASH Coordination Committee District level review and planning meetings to assess progress and discuss issues Review and update of strategic plans District level conference to generate political and media support for community triggering Media mobilization to capture and document best practice Master Training of Trainers on sanitation triggering Reward and recognition for households and institutions for their proactive support and for bearing the cost of building their own latrines Joint monitoring for Open Defecation Free verification and Open Defecation Free declarations Orientation/training for VDC secretaries, social mobilisers, female community health volunteers, women technicians, child club members, teachers and other stakeholders Exposure and learning visits for District WASH Coordination Committee members, Municipality WASH Coordination Committee members, Village WASH Coordination Committee officials and other partners. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Progress on Indicator 2.5 % reduction of incidences of diarrhea in children under 5 children in Open Defecation Free VDCs A comparative analysis of Demographic Health Survey data on incidences of diarrhea by wealth quintile for 2006 and 2011 reveals a uniform decline. In the poorest quintile, incidences of diarrhea decreased from 13.3% in 2006 to 12.6% in 2011 while in the poorer quintiles, incidences went down from 14.6% in 2006 to 11.7% in A study of Ghachowk, an Open Defecation Free VDC in Kaski district, revealed that significant health benefits followed the Open Defecation Free declaration. The village was the second in the country to declare itself Open Defecation Free. In order to assess the health impact of Open Defecation Free status and the associated economic benefits, an independent study is planned for UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 37

40 Progress on Indicator 2.6 # of projects with water safety plan in place Studies of drinking water quality in Nepal show that faecal coliform contamination consistently exceeds the country s Drinking Water Quality Standards of The majority of water supply systems in the country are without treatment facilities. A handful of projects serving the populations of big cities have treatment plans, but levels of functionality are low. Sanitationrelated diseases account for 72% of total ailments, and diarrhea continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality especially among children. In order to improve the quality of water, UNICEF has lobbied consistently for the Government to introduce water safety planning into water supply schemes. As a result, in 2013, the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation introduced a separate target and budget line for water safety plan implementation across the country. UNICEF supported the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation in implementing water safety planning in 75 projects during 2013; budgets for 80 new projects are listed in the Government Red Book of estimated income and expenditure. Progress on Indicator 2.7 Number of marginalized people served by improved/ safe water facilities in the most disadvantaged VDCs in DACAW districts UNICEF provides smallscale funding support to give marginalizedcommunities access to improved water supply services. Handpump schemes are set up in areas identified as poor in the Disadvantaged Group mapping process. The cost per capita of such schemes is listed in Annex 5 of this report. A. Support for Small Water Supply Schemes Nepal is rich in fresh water resources and 85% of the population now has access to water supply services. In UNICEFsupported programme districts, a total of 39,691 marginalized people from the most disadvantaged communities of Panchthar, Udaipur, Saptari, Parsa, Nawalparasi, Kapilvastu, Dang, Humla and Bajhang, have received support through small water supply schemes. A list of water supply schemes and target beneficiaries are given in Annex 5. B. Improved Water Supply Functionality and Sustainability The partnership between UNICEF and the Federation of Drinking Water and Sanitation Users has helped to improve the functionality and sustainability of water supply schemes in 12 districts. The outcomes associated with this partnership are summarized below: 38 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

41 1. In Dolpa and Bajura districts, 764 Water Supply Users Committees are registered at the District Water Resources Committee and affiliated to the Federation. The Federation ensures the equitable and inclusive participation of women and the traditionally marginalized (due to caste, ethnicity, geography etc.) in 12 programme districts Village maintenance workers in 12 districts have received training and prepared action plans for the maintenance of water supply systems. In addition, 247 participants from 8 districts have received training on water project management and have prepared action plans to maintain the functionality of water supply schemes. A total of 276 (18%) out of 365 (25%) targeted water supply schemes requiring minor repairs are now functional and have trained maintenance workers and working Water Supply Users Committees. Such schemes are benefitting around 140,000 people. A list of improved water supply schemes can be found in Annex A total of 16 VDCs (out of a target of 25) in 12 districts have declared themselves Open Defecation Free. 5 Water Supply Users Committees (one each in Dolpa, Dang, Bajura, Jumla and Panchthar districts) have been declared model users committees. A model user committee must have regular meetings, an information management system, trained village maintenance workers, and an operation and maintenance fund. It must also hold regular general assemblies and work to improve internal governance systems. 4. A total of 335,000 people in 12 programme districts have benefited (75,000 directly and 260,000 indirectly) from the broadcast of 15 community radio programmes about drinking water project management. In addition, levels of coordination between District WASHCoordination Committees and VillageWASHCoordination Committees have improved. Furthermore, members of the Federation of Drinking Water and Sanitation Users now know more about water and sanitation management and resource allocation at both the national and district levels. Members advocacy skills have also been enhanced. 5. The Federation s inventory form has been modified to comply with CREAM indicators, and information about 720 Water Supply Users Committee's has been uploaded to the Federation s website (www. fedwasun.org). The Federation has also developed a set of monitoring and evaluation guidelines which have been disseminated to water and sanitation users for use in information management. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 6. A total of 286,416 people have benefitted (19,769 directly and 266,647indirectly) from capacity building and empowerment activities in 12 programme districts. In order to further improve the functionality of water supply systems and to monitor the performance of water supply service providers, the Ministry of Urban Development has endorsed the Water Supply Operators Directive. An orientation session for users and district officials has been delivered in the midwest, farwest, and central development regions. The directive is a milestone policy document and can be used to track the performance of users and improve their accountability for better service delivery. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 39

42 Ranjita Majhi Hopes to Prosper Ranjita Majhi is 13 years old. She lives in a settlement occupied by 101 landless households. When we asked Ranjita whether she found it hard to live without a toilet at home she told us that yes, it is difficult. It s not good to have to make the trip to the jungle, especially during a thunderstorm. Ranjita wanted to access to a toilet. In 2012, with UNICEF s support, Panchthar district designed a strategy for declaring itself Open Defecation Free by In order to encourage the district to work towards this commitment, UNICEF helped to reach out to poor households such as Ranjita s with basic sanitation services. Although Ranjita seems too young to understand the difficulties young girls face due to the lack of a toilet, she learned a lot from the campaign. Ranjita realizes how important it is to have a toilet and how washing your hands with soap after using a toilet and before and after meals can help to keep you healthy. Since Ranjita s father left for another district vowing never to return, things have been hard for the family. My father used to cook for us before he left, but now I have to cook and to feed my younger brother and sister, she tells us. I have to feed them because Mummy comes home late from work. Hand washing may seem like a minor issue when the family is facing such deprivation but Ranjita s mother, Ashmaya Majhi recognizes how important it really is. She knows that it would be difficult for her to work if her children were to fall sick so she makes sure that there is always soap at home and that the toilet is used and kept clean. By teaching her children to use the toilet and wash their hands with soap, Ashmaya is preventing them from contracting diahorea and other diseases. Recently, Ranjita lost the vision in one of her eyes during an operation, but she remains upbeat. She is determined to start school in the coming year and hopes that her mother will have enough money for pens and note books. She also hopes that one day her father will return home to cook for her again. n Ranjita Majhi telling her story. Progress on Indicator 2.8 Safe (temporary) water options available to households affected by arsenic contamination A. Support for Mitigating Arsenic Contamination In order to address issues of arsenic contamination in tube wells, especially in the Terai, UNICEF has added to the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation s budget for the installation of permanent arsenic mitigation options (deep boreholes) in Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu districts. This has benefitted over 6,900 people (5,964 in Nawalparasi and 950 in Kapilvastu). Details of the Nawalparasi and Kapilvastu project are given in Table 4 below. 40 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

43 Table 4: Number of households benefitting from arsenic free water Location/VDC Number of Households Population Benefitting Nawalparasi 1 Swathi 7, ,499 2 Manari 2, Ramgram Bedauli 2, Kapilvastu 1 Bhilmi Chanai 1, Total 3,589 6,914 With UNICEF support, the Nepal Red Cross Society has also been running an arsenic mitigation programme in schools and households in Bardia district. A blanket testing exercise was carried out which identified 200 households for the installation of arsenic free water options. Arsenic filters were installed in 180 households, deep bore wells were installed in 13 households and existing wells were improved in 3 households. In addition, 14 schools will receive support to install large, biosand filters which will directly benefit 7,000 school children in the district. Despite the success of these initiatives, there is a pressing need to lobby for additional government resources to be ploughed into safe water and permanent mitigation schemes to ensure that all drinking water complies with the Government of Nepal s Drinking Water Standards. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS IR 3: Improved interagency collaboration, Government of Nepal leadership and capacity in disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness and response The disaster risk reduction and response context is slowly changing, with the Nepal Government striving to strengthen its capacity and take leadership in the sector. In 2013, national and district bodies were able to successfully address several small scale disasters such as floods and landslides. UNICEF continued to support the Government to enhance its capacity in preparedness, response and disaster risk management. In 2013, the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage formally designated the heads of 75 Water Supply and Sanitation (Sub) Divisional Offices as focal points for Disaster Risk Management. This represents a milestone in the process of strengthening Government capacity and leadership in WASH emergency preparedness and response in all 75 districts. Disaster Risk Management now forms an integrated part of local development programmes across the country. Progress on Indicator 3.1 Cluster meetings regularly held and contingency plans revised A. Cluster Coordination In 2013, UNICEF, in coordination with the Ministry of Urban Development conducted four cluster meetings and several subcluster and thematic group meetings. Emergency meetings were also held based on need. The WASH Cluster reviewed its Contingency Plan and combined its Earthquake and Flood Contingency Plan with plans focusing on other potential hazards to produce a single multihazard contingency plan. This multihazard contingency plan contains additional components on individual agency capacity, performance monitoring UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 41

44 indicators, the cluster communication system, and the MultiSectoral Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) tool. In addition, the WASH Cluster prepared for the National Simulation Exercise that will be conducted in early 2014 by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Furthermore, Nepal s Cluster Contingency Plan was tested during a civil/military simulation exercise. At the global level, the WASH Cluster Coordinator contributed to the global WASH Cluster action plan to support national coordination. Also in 2013, the cluster Information, Education and Communication group finalized the communication materials needed for emergency response situations. These include a Hygiene Promotion in an Emergency Training Manual, a WASH Design Manual, a flipchart for WASH promoters, and a poster about chlorination. These materials have already been used by cluster agencies in emergency response situations. The cluster also initiated several joint field visits to promote the exchange of learning among cluster members. A joint field visit was organized to the brick kilns of Bhaktapur where an emergency sanitation facility is being piloted by the Environmental and Public Health Organization (see Box 3 for details). This learning visit generated many innovative ideas for further strengthening preparedness and response mechanisms, especially in the context of prepositioning for response. Another significant development was the government announcement that it will take over the leadership of the cluster with agencies such as UNICEF playing more of a supporting role. To bolster this process, UNICEF has been working with the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage to integrate Disaster Risk Management into its regular development programming. This collaborative initiative is now in the second year of implementation and is a significant milestone in WASH emergency preparedness and response. The initiative has also led to wider acknowledgement of the need to integrate Disaster Risk Reduction in the climate change context into mainstream development programming. The WASH Cluster provides an open and informal platform for humanitarian WASH actors to work together to address key issues, identify gaps, and find solutions to ensure that WASH responses are implemented in a coordinated manner. In support of this, the WASH Cluster has developed a manual on WASH Design in Emergencies which will serve as a guide for uniform implementation. The manual is due to be piloted by a range of different agencies to further test its effectiveness in large scale emergency situations. Box 3: WASH Cluster Nepal joint field visit to the brick kilns of Bhaktapur district The Environment and Public Health Organization is one of Nepal s leading NGOs and a member of the WASH cluster. In 2013, it piloted the construction of temporary toilets in six of the brick kilns in Bhaktapur district. The pilot aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of the toilet. The brick kiln compounds, crowded with casual labourers, share some of the features of humanitarian assistance camps that are set up during emergencies. Migrant workers generally live in the brick kiln compound from October to May each year. During the project life cycle, 161 temporary toilets were built using a technique new to Nepal: first a trench is dug and then fitted with a squatting slab similar in design to regular squat toilet. The squatting slabs are removed when the seasonal workers leave the kiln and stored until the following season. Kilns were also provided with locally sourced water filtration units giving them access 42 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

45 to safe drinking water. The WASH cluster visited the brick kilns in March 2013 in order to learn about the toilet options and to think about how they could be adapted for emergency scenarios. The field team comprised representatives from the government, the UN, and from I/NGOs. The team learned that the toilets were used by all members of the community living inside the brick kiln compound which has significantly reduced the normal practice of open defecation in the area. Furthermore, after using the toilet, some migrant workers were inspired to construct toilet facilities in their own households when they returned home after the season. The operation and maintenance of the units is simple due to the innovative design of the toilet slab. In addition, several of the migrant workers took the water filtration units back to their villages at the end of the season, helping to ensure that the devices will be wellmaintained for future use. The field team concluded that the toilet design seemed like a promising option for use in small and large scale emergency scenarios. The slab has the added advantage of being locally produced and a number of cluster agencies have decided to keep a stock of slabs in local stories ready for emergency WASH response activity. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Progress on Indicator 3.2: Number of disaster prone districts with district contingency plans that include a WASH component A. Contingency planning As part of its preparedness for response work, UNICEF worked with the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation to review 19 District Preparedness and Response Plans, paying special attention to WASH elements. As a result, WASH actors in the 19 districts now feel more confident about immediate disaster response measures. A full list of participating districts can be found in Annex 7. The review process will be integrated into the Department s Disaster Risk Management programme in B. District Disaster Risk Management Plan UNICEF supported vulnerable districts in the development of District Disaster Risk Management plans in 2013, and in Sunsari, Mahottari, Rukum and Kailali districts, disaster risk management was integrated into regular development planning processes. Following this success, the approach is being replicated in Achham, Saptari, Parsa and Dhanusha districts. Broad consultations with a wide range of stakeholders were crucial to the success of this process. District level stakeholders included political leaders, representatives from district authorities (Water Supply and Sanitation (Sub) Divisional Offices, District Education UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 43

46 Offices, District Health Offices, Women s Development Offices, District Development Committees, Agriculture, and Livestock Offices), NGOs, development partners and local children. The planning process began with a series of meetings designed to raise awareness about the importance having a comprehensive disaster risk management strategy that goes beyond simple preparedness and response. The topics of mitigation, prevention, adaptation and disaster management were emphasized. An average of 70 people participated in the initial consultation and orientation meetings including representatives from political parties, the media, the Chief District Officer (Chairperson of District Disaster Relief Committee), the Local Development Officer, and the local Head of Security Forces. Other district level government sectoral agencies were also represented, as were children, NGOs, INGOs and UN agencies. In addition to district level consultation, other elements of the process included orientation sessions for VDC secretaries; training for front line workers in risk mapping and data collection; Box 4: Key objectives of the Disaster Risk Management planning process Increase the awareness, knowledge, skills and capacity of district level stakeholders to carry out disaster risk management planning processes including risk assessment, risk analysis and vulnerability mapping Update or develop the district disaster risk profile and include risk maps of the most vulnerable VDCs Develop a comprehensive district disaster risk management plan and get it endorsed by the District Council led by the District Development Committee. Integrate disaster risk management plan priorities into local development plans Include technical and funding allocation mechanisms for community based disaster risk reduction activities in the most vulnerable VDCs field visits and multiplehazard risk mapping exercises; and risk profiling. Key findings from the planning and consultation process were shared with district level stakeholders. Plans were then finalized and endorsed by district councils. Progress on Indicator 3.3 Contingency supplies (including appropriate hygiene supplies for gender specific needs) for 20,000 households are permanently available A. Emergency Preparedness and Response UNICEF continues to preposition enough WASH supplies for 20,000 households in 4 strategic locations around the country. The supplies include gender friendly hygiene kits, water purification solutions, Information Education and Communication materials, and materials specific to WASH in an emergency. In 2013, UNICEF reduced its disaster response threshold to 15,000 households due to the fact that an ever increasing number of agencies, including the government, have also made provision for emergency supplies to households. In order Picture 7: A household toilet inundated by flood water in Lalbojiya VDC Kanchanpur 44 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

47 to reduce the problem of maintaining perishable stock, UNICEF has signed a longterm agreement with local and regional vendors as part of its largescale response strategy. UNICEF s prepositioning of emergency supplies has been crucial to the success of responses to small scale disasters. A total of 13,803 households (69,015 people) in 11 districts directly benefitted from UNICEF WASH responses to floods, landslides and fires. UNICEF s response includes the provision of hygiene kits with bucket and mug sets, Aquatab water purification tablets, and bed nets. UNICEF worked with the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage to produce a national radio campaign as part its Behaviour Change Communication initiative. The purpose of the campaign was to increase awareness among vulnerable populations about the risks posed by waterborne diseases due to persistent rainfall throughout the country. Table 5: List of districts that received emergency support from UNICEF in 2013 District Response Households Reached Total Population 1 Bardia Hygiene kits/bucket with mug set and mosquito nets; Aquatab 5000 tablets; mass media campaign Kailali 3 Kanchanpur 4 Dadeldhura 5 Darchula Hygiene kit/ bucket and mug set 1000; Aquatab5000 tablets; Mass media campaign Hygiene kit / bucket with jug set 400, mass media campaign Hygiene kit /bucket with mug set; mass media campaign Hygiene kit /bucket with mug set; mass media campaign 1,000 5, , PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 6 Dailekh Hygiene kit /bucket with mug set, mass media campaign 873 4,365 7 Banke 115,000 Aquatabs with brochure, mass media campaign, 500 bars of soap; 2000 Aquatabs distributed to local medical college; mass media campaign 10,400 52,000 8 Saptari Hygiene kits/bucket with mug set; mass media campaign Rautahat Hygiene kits/bucket with mug set; Aquatab 1000 tablets; mass media campaign 450 2, Parsa Hygiene kit; mass media campaign 200 1, Morang HygieneKit; mass media campaign Total households reached 13,803 69,015 Also in 2013, UNICEF supported the Government in the identification of 14 emergency hubs across the country. These hubs will coordinate supplies to all 75 districts in the event of a disaster. The Government has also begun stockpiling basic WASH supplies in 5 of the hubs and will continue to strengthen the capacity of the remaining hubs in This is a significant milestone for the Government s Disaster Risk Management Programme. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 45

48 Map 4: Location of emergency hubs defined by the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Table 6: Number of individual trained in WASH in Emergencies and Disaster Risk Management Trainings Male Female Total 1 Disaster Risk Management training (Eastern Region) Disaster Risk Management training (Central Region) Disaster Risk Management training (Western Region) Disaster Risk Management training (Mid and Far Western Region) Hygiene promotion in emergencies training SPHERE Training for WASH Actors Environmental Health in Emergency training Training of Trainers for emergency response 1 1 Total UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

49 Progress on Indicator 3.4 Key government and NGO counterparts at national and district level are trained in WASH in emergencies A. Capacity Building UNICEF organized a series of training workshops and learning visits to build the capacity of its government and humanitarian partners. In 2013, UNICEF provided Disaster Risk Management training to 75 Disaster Risk Management focal persons in the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, in addition to 31 districtlevel participants. UNICEF also helped to build the capacity of 49 officials (46 Government officials and 3 UNICEF regional staff; Female 18; Male 31) to respond to emergency scenarios with WASH services (see Table 6 for details). A total of 1,085 people (Male 841, Female 244) have upgraded their knowledge and enhanced their skills for planning and responding to an emergency. Progress on Indicator 3.6 The existing water and sanitation system in the Kathmandu valley is retrofitted to function as a backup system during an earthquake scenario A. Earthquake Preparedness UNICEF has completed an inventory of 750 water sources (mainly deep bore wells) in the Kathmandu valley. The inventory includes information about well location, volume, usability, and water quality. This information will help relief workers to identify possible emergency water supply stations if a highintensity earthquake hits the Kathmandu valley (see Annex 8 for details of deep bore wells and registered Internally Displaced Persons sites). UNICEF is currently working closely with Oxfam and USAID to support the construction and retrofitting of 4 deep bore wells in Kathmandu. UNICEF is also coordinating with the two Government line agencies that regulate the valley s water supply (the Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Board and the Project Implementation Directorate) to develop a joint strategy and investment plan to retrofit existing water infrastructure and to develop an earthquake resistant water supply. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS IR 4: All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools Progress on Indicator 4.1 National minimum standards for Child, Gender and Disabled Friendly School WASH are endorsed A. Child Friendly Education Framework UNICEF has worked to assess and improve the effectiveness of the Child Friendly Education Framework, which has been endorsed at ministerial level. The Priority Minimum Enabling Conditions outlined in the Framework contain critical indicators related to the improvement of WASH conditions in schools. The declaration of no schools without toilets by the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation provides additional impetus to ensure and improve WASH facilities in schools. The framework also provides an opportunity for the WASH sector to collaborate with the Department of Education to ensure minimum WASH facilities as an enabling condition for enhancing the quality of education in schools. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 47

50 B. Department of Education Support to School WASH The Department of Education has so far allocated resources for 11,500 girls toilets in compliance with the Child Friendly Education Framework. The financing provided by the Department for school WASH under the School Sector Reform Plan is summarized below: Table 7: Financing by District Education Offices on WASH in schools over the years Fiscal Year External Environment Improvement with Water Supply Facilities Girls Toilet with Water Supply Facilities 2009/10 Nrs 150,000 Nrs 675 m (USD 7.5 million) 2010/11 Nrs 200,000 Nrs Million (USD 10 million) 2011/12 Nrs 200,000 Nrs 800 Million ((USD 8.8 million) 2012/13 Nrs 250,000 Nrs Million (USD 2.63 million) 2013/14 Nrs 250,000 (Proposed) Nrs 775 Million (USD 8.6 million) Nrs 200,000 Nrs 1100 Million (USD 12.2 million) Nrs 200,000 Nrs 600 Million (USD 6.6 million) Nrs 250,000 Nrs 250 Million (USD 2.77 million) Nrs 250,000 Nrs 500 Million (USD 5.55 million) The Department of Education plans to construct 2,000 latrines for girls and to allocate 3,000 quotas for improving the External Environment during 2013/2014. This will help to ensure that all schools in Nepal comply with minimum WASH conditions. The provision of no schools without toilets in the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation is another significant step towards ensuring WASH in schools and to improving the overall quality of education. The allocations made to toilets for girls and to external environment improvement for the financial year 2012/2013 are summarized in the graphs below. Graph 3: Allocations made to Girls Toilets and External Environment Improvement by the Department of Education Girls Toilet External Environment Improvement Eastern Region Central REgion Western Region MidWestern Region FarWestern Region Eastern Region Central REgion Western Region MidWestern Region FarWestern Region In 2011, with technical and financial support from UNICEF, the Department of Education developed, endorsed and adopted the manual, Alternative Technical Design Options for Child, Gender and Disabled Friendly School WASH facilities. The manual is used by district engineers to inform the construction of school WASH facilities. There is a need to review the manual as it does not include specific designs for children in preschools or early childhood development centers. Moreover, there is a need to lobby the Government for wider 48 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

51 dissemination of these guidelines among stakeholders who support the education system. There is also a need to integrate the latrine design option into new school construction blueprints from the outset. Progress on Indicator 4.2: Number of schools with Child, Gender and Disabled friendly WASH facilities (water, toilet & hand washing station) A. UNICEF support to School WASH UNICEF initiated the School Sanitation and Hygiene Education programme in late 2000 to ensure that all children in schools have access to Child, Gender and Disabled friendly WASH facilities. In 2006, the programme became the SchoolLed Total Sanitation initiative and placed a very strong emphasis on community outreach through school children as positive agents of social change. The initiative has made significant contributions to the nationwide Open Defecation Free movement, and has witnessed the active involvement My teacher Binod Sir taught me to wash my hands with soap. Mummy and my brother also wash their hands with soap after using the toilet and before they eat. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS n Pushpa Gurung, 6, Gumba Primary School, Ranitar of school children and teachers. UNICEF has provided support to a total of 1,102 schools, 408 of these in schools from the total 1,102, have received both hardware and software support through District Education Offices; the remaining 300 have received software support through UNICEF s partnership with the Nepal Red Cross Society. Further details about school WASH coverage are provided in Annex 9. B. Partnership with the Nepal Red Cross Society With cofinancing support from the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and in partnership with the Nepal Red Cross Society, the School WASH programme subcomponent will continue in 300 schools in Bajhang, Rolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Bardia, Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Mahottari, Siraha, Khotang and Bhojpur districts. A baseline survey of 300 schools was carried out to assess the WASH facilities and hygiene behaviours in the selected schools. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 49

52 Box 5: Baseline Survey for School WASH The survey covered 300 schools in 11 districts with a total student population of 96,094 children. Each school had an average of 320 students. A total of 420 children with disabilities are studying in 190 of the 300 schools. Toilet: 87% of schools have toilets. 72% of the toilets in the schools were constructed with the help of the District Education Office. The majority (70%) of the schools had toilets connected to septic tanks. More than half (57%) of the schools had separate toilets for girls and boys. Half (52%) of the school toilets were found to be child friendly. Less than a quarter (19%) of schools had disabledfriendly toilets, while 63.3% of schools have disabled students and 9.7% have disabled teachers. The study also revealed that 76% of students go outside the school compound during the lunch break because there are not enough toilets in the school. This situation contributes to absenteeism and the high dropout rates of girls. Less than one third (29%) of schools clean their toilets everyday while two fifths (39%) clean them once a week. Observation confirmed that the majority of the toilets were dirty with faeces (86%), flies and other insects (85%) clearly visible. Hand washing facility: Although water and sanitation facilities in schools are increasingly recognized as fundamental requirements for promoting good hygiene behaviour and for the wellbeing of children, many schools have very poor facilities. Two fifths of the 300 schools (38.5%) reported that there was no water source inside or outside the toilet. More than three fifths of the toilets in Jajarkot (67%) and Khotang (67%) districts did not have any water. Only a few schools provided soap (18%) and towels (4%). Menstrual Hygiene Management: The lack of sanitary facilities in a school has a greater impact on girls and women teachers. The survey revealed that the vast majority (97%) of the 300 schools did not have dustbins, and, as a result, more than a quarter (26%) of female students did not come to school or left the school during a break when they were menstruating. Some (21%) female students wrap their used sanitary pad/cloth in a plastic bag and dispose of it elsewhere. Only a quarter (26%) of female students used school toilets during menstruation due to the lack of dustbins (97%), hand washing soap (83%), and water (72%). 22% did not use toilets during menstruation as there was no proper lock on the toilet door. Drinking water: More than two fifths (48%) of schools rely on piped water while 31% get their water from a tube well. Half (58%) of the schools reported that the water supply was insufficient. More than half of the school taps in Rolpa and Bhojpur (52% each) were extremely dirty a higher percentage than other districts. Less than half of the drinking water taps were accessible to small children (46%) and students with disabilities (38%). School / environment sanitation: More than half (56%) of all classrooms were dirty and nearly three fifths (59%) did not have a dustbin, a broom, or a daily cleaning routine. Rubbish bins were not a common sight in school compounds. Environmental sanitation was found to be poor in two thirds of the schools surveyed; evidence for this includes children s faeces found near the school compound. Only 9 schools possessed multipurpose tables. Integrating WASH into the School Improvement Plan: There is no provision for making a WASH plan an integral component of the School Improvement Plan although the plan does contain a couple of sanitation indicators. None of the District Education 50 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

53 Offices surveyed had issued WASH related directives to schools under their purview. Child Clubs and Junior Red Cross Circles: Less than one fifth (15%) of the schools surveyed has a child club. This dropped to zero in the schools surveyed in Bara, Siraha, Bhojpur and Khotang districts. Similarly, there were no child clubs in primary schools. Only 3% of school child clubs had a school cleanliness programme. Very few schools (8%) have formed Junior Red Cross circles which may explain the low number of studentled hygiene and sanitation programmes (4%), regular meetings (6%) and regular record keeping (7%). Few of the Junior Red Cross Circles are active. To address the issues identified in the baseline study, UNICEF supported 300 schools in improving their WASH status. 90,000 students have now received hand washing with soap training and temporary tippy taps have been installed in primary schools to make hand washing fun. UNICEF continues to lobby the Department Of Education to include lifeskills based activities as part of the School Improvement Plan. C. Advocacy Work on Fit for School During 2013 UNICEF played a pivotal role in bringing together the Department of Education and the Department of Health Services for the Fit for School initiative. The concept focuses on three critical schoolbased interventions that will improve child health and help to raise educational standards. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Table 8: Components of the three critical interventions in schools Daily Handwashing Daily Tooth brushing Biannual Deworming Hand washing with soap Should be a fun, group activity and part of the daily school routine Availability of soap, water and hand washing facilities Supervised by teachers and children 3050% reduction of infections Tooth brushing Should be a fun, group activity and part of the daily school routine Availability of water, tooth brushes and tooth brushing facilities Supervised by teachers and children 40 56% reduction in cases of tooth decay Supervised ingestion of albendazole Supervised by teachers Parents consent obtained 50% reduction in cases of worms 25 % reduction of absenteeism / 20% fewer students underweight With UNICEF support, the Department Of Education conducted a twoday workshop on Keeping Children Fit for School: A Simple, Sustainable and Scalable Support Package for Promoting WASH in All Schools. The workshop thoroughly reviewed school curricula in terms of WASH, and recommended making the curricula more practical so that children can learn about and develop good hygiene habits. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 51

54 D. UNICEF WFP Collaboration In order to pilot Fit for School, UNICEF is collaborating with the Department of Education and the World Food Programme to integrate the concept into the WFP s midday meal programme in Bajhang district. A oneday district level workshop has taken place and key actions identified for future intervention to ensure that daily WASH related activities become part of students daily routine at school. The concept will also be piloted in Mahottari district as a piece of action research. Fit for School has now become an integral element of the Ministry of Health and Population / Ministry of Education Joint Action Plan under the School Health and Nutrition Strategy. E. Menstrual Hygiene In collaboration with Equal Access, UNICEF has developed a comic book on menstrual hygiene and the social taboos that surround menstruation. The comic book is currently being pretested with selected girls and boys before wider dissemination. The menstrual hygiene focused episode of the radio programme Chatting with My Best Friend received a total of 1,600 responses from listeners. Many of these responses stressed the need for enabling policies that ensure that menstruation is a healthy and happy experience for adolescent girls. One of the responses to the programme appears in Box 6 below. Box 6: After listening to your radio show on the importance of Menstrual Hygiene Management I talked to my mother about how unhygienic sanitation conditions can affect my wellbeing and health. My mother agreed to provide me with water, soap and toilet facilities during my periods, but she won t let me stop following chaupadi*. At least I don t have to worry about being unhealthy during my periods anymore. 17 yearold female, Kailali district *Chaupadi is the traditional practice of confining menstruating women and girls to a cow shed or similar outhouse for the duration of their period. With the active involvement of local adolescents and women s groups, two VDCs in Achham district have declared themselves chaupadi free. This is a major step towards changing social norms in the district and eliminating the practice. 52 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

55 F. Learning and Exposure Visits International Learning Catch up session on WASH in Schools in New Delhi, November 2013 UNICEF provides ongoing support to build the capacity of officials in the Department of Education so that they may work to effectively scale up the WASH in Schools programme. In 2013, an engineer from the Physical Infrastructure Development Section of the Department of Education received sponsorship to attend a programme in India on scaling up WASH in schools with a renewed focus on handwashing with soap. Online distance learning course on WASH in Schools conducted jointly by UNICEF and Emory University Georgia, USA UNICEF is supporting 3 of its programme officers and two members of staff from the Nepal Red Cross Society to complete the WASH in Schools distance learning course. The course requires participants to submit a case study on bottlenecks related to WASH in Schools indicators. Progress on Indicator 4.3 Number of schools that have functioning child clubs with girls and boys proportionally represented that promote basic hygiene and sanitation behaviours A. Building the Capacity of Child Clubs The School Sanitation and Hygiene Education programme clearly outlines the need for a child club in each school to take school WASH activities forward. All 1,102 schools in UNICEF supported districts have set up or revived child clubs and run orientation sessions for members. Child club / Junior Red Cross Circle members have developed sanitation action plans for their schools and will ensure that follow up happens and plans remain up to date, by holding periodic meetings with School Management Committees. Child club members have also visited households, assessed the hygiene status of their toilets, and run orientation sessions for community members on the importance of toiletuse and hand washing with soap. 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Progress on indicator 4.4 School curricula and textbooks include sections on basic, practical hygiene including menstrual hygiene management A. Review of school curricula and textbooks A curriculum review formed part of a 2012 study conducted by the Department of Education. Modules on health, hygiene and sanitation have since been included in the health education curricula for grades one to ten. In primary schools (grades one to five), health education is taught in combination with science and physical education. Health and physical education is taught as a separate subject in grades 6 and 7. Health, population and environmental education is a compulsory subject in grades nine and ten. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 53

56 Box 8: Review of existing school curricula Grade one: Personal hygiene including handwashing, teeth brushing, ways of maintaining cleanliness at home and school, urinating and defecating in designated places, disposing of waste in designated places, and the concept of safe drinking water are included. Grade two: The basic concept of waste produced at home and school, materials and appliances required for cleaning the home and school, use of these appliances, the benefits of a clean home and school, and causes and prevention of environmental pollution. Grade three: Sanitation and hygiene topics such as cleanliness at home, at school, and in the neighbourhood and causes of environmental pollution continued to be covered; focus is given to the proper use of and cleanliness of latrines. Grade four: Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation including causes of pollution and classification of waste. In addition, the concept of classifying different types of household waste is introduced. Grade five: Topics covered include healthy habits, a healthy and balanced diet, management of waste, and making compost from organic waste. Grade six: Personal hygiene and sanitation sessions aim to acquaint children with the physical changes they are going through. Topics covered include genital hygiene, how disease is transmitted through polluted water, the purification of water, and the management of solid waste. The three Rs (reduce, recycle, reuse) are also introduced. Grade seven: Topics include care of the face, hair and clothes, physical exercise and rest. Students also look at what constitutes solid waste and how to recognize and manage different types of solid waste from the kitchen, home and school. Sessions on keeping latrines clean and functioning continue in grade seven. Grade eight: Methods of caring for the eyes, ears, nose and back (posture) are covered. There are also sessions on latrine management, techniques for reusing waste, how to make compost from organic waste, and the causes of water pollution and its effect on human health. Grade nine and ten: The concepts of pollution and pollution management are introduced. There are also sessions on solid waste management, managing sewage and excreta, and environmental protection. IR 5: Families, especially those from disadvantaged groups, adopt basic health care practices and improved hygiene behaviors A. Public Private Partnership to Promote Hand Washing with Soap The Public Private Partnership to promote HandWashing with Soap was endorsed in 2012 by Ministry of Urban Development and the Ministry of Health and Population. It is now one of the Government s flagship programmes and will be scaled up nationwide. The national secretariat set up at the National Health Education Information and Communication Centre to implement the Partnership is fully functional. As outlined in the business plan, more 54 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

57 than 25 private sector companies including Yeti Airlines, the Chaudhary Group, Pashupati Paints, Nimbus, Standard Chartered Bank, Civil Bank, and Unilever are now making regular contributions to the Partnership. The following table provides more detailed information about the National Hand Washing Programme. Table 9: Target beneficiaries of the National Hand Washing Program for 2013 District VDC Wards <5 Population Approx # of Households VDC FCHV NP. FCHV Schools Sessions Students 1 Jhapa ,357 39, , ,112 2 Sunsari ,368 48,684 1, , ,934 3 Saptari 114 1,026 86,004 43,002 1, ,521 86,195 4 Dhanusha ,616 54, , ,688 5 Mahottari ,923 45, , ,682 6 Chitwan ,475 32, , ,765 7 Banke ,951 32, , ,103 Total 469 4, , ,347 5, ,576 10,960 1,068,479 Progress on Indicator 5.1 % increase of households with soap and water inside a latrine or within 10 paces of a latrine 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS A. Baseline Survey on hand washing behaviour In collaboration with the University at Buffalo USA, UNICEF conducted a baseline survey to determine handwashing with soap behaviour among mothers/caregivers and school children. Partners from the Public Private Partnership for Hand Washing with Soap selected three districts for the intervention where the Hand Washing with Soap Programme will be subsequently implemented; and three districts where the Programme will not be implemented for comparison. The comparison districts are Kailali in the Terai, Udaypur in the hill region, and Mustang in the mountain region. The three Programme districts are Dhanusha in the Terai, Arghakhachi in the hill region, and Kalikot in the mountain region. Within each district, researchers used a systematic random sampling method to select 10 wards to survey. Data was collected from three groups: (1) households, (2) schools, and (3) health facilities. The observations made during this survey showed that basic handwashing behaviour using soap at critical times such as before feeding a child is as low as 6% in households. On the basis of this finding, a comprehensive package targeting mothers and caregivers of children under five has been designed for inclusion in the national handwashing programme. Table 10: Hand washing behaviours of adults in households *Event of interest* Before feeding a child Total respondents N=340 Comparison N=144 Intervention N=196 Terai N=130 Hills N=103 Mountain N=107 Did not wash 163 (48%) 48 (33%) 115 (59%) 56 (43%) 27 (26%) 80 (75%) Washed with water only 156 (46%) 83 (58%) 73 (37%) 64 (49%) 67 (65%) 25 (23%) Washed with soap & water 21 (6%) 13 (9%) 8 (4%) 10 (8%) 9 (9%) 2 (2%) UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 55

58 B. Hand Washing with Soap Capacity Building As outlined in the business plan for the Public Private Partnership for Hand Washing with Soap, the majority of activities planned have been carried out during the reporting period. The table below provides a list of the major activities carried out / planned to improve the handwashing with soap behaviour of mothers and caregivers who feed children. Some activities, such as household visits and monitoring by NGOs, exceeded planning targets in acknowledgement of the positive impact they have on behaviour change. As more than half (53%) of the participants were women, it can be stated that the programme objective of building capacity of women has been satisfactorily met. (See Table 11 for details) Table 11: Key activities conducted at community level to trigger hand washing behaviours S. No Activities Number of events Complete Planned Completed % 1 Resource Person Orientation VDC Orientation School Sessions 4,548 4, District WASH Coordination Committee Activation Meeting Other Coordination Meetings 0 6 NA 6 Program Monitoring by NGOs 735 1, Household Monitoring Visits 1,470 3, Private Sector Support for Community Activities Every time I feed my child I wash my hands with soap first. Now my child gets sick much less often than before. n Chandrakala Subba, 32, Majhitar, Phidim District C. Mobilization of Female Community Health Volunteers A major strategy of the Hand Washing with Soap programme is to train Female Community Health Volunteers to communicate the importance of hand washing with soap to mothers and caregivers in households where there are children under 5 years old. In order to convey key messages, Volunteers will visit households in the community. Table 12 below shows the number of households that Female Community Health Volunteers visited. 56 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

59 Table 12: Hand washing behaviours in households observed by Female Community Health Volunteers 1 Total number of households with children under 5 298,349 2 Households with children under 5 visited Households with sticker Handwashing station with soap and water available in households with sticker % 5 Households with hand washing stations 1, Households with soap and water available at the handwashing station at the time of observation 1, Progress to date has been very encouraging. Of the households visited, 60.44% have handwashing stations of some kind and 51.50% have designated handwashing stations with water and soap. Only 20.74% of households have displayed the sticker that carries key hand washing with soap messages close to the place where children are usually fed. A sticker signifies that a Female Community Health Volunteer has spoken to the mother / caregiver in the household about making changes to their hand washing behaviours. It is interesting to note that of the total number of households visited by Female Community Health Volunteers (20.74%), 100 per have soap and water available at the place where they usually feed their children. D. Capacity Building in Schools In order to improve the sanitation and hygiene behaviour of school children, capacity building events were organized at VDC offices and schools. These events benefitted around 124,000 people (58,175 male / 62,275 female). 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS Table 13: Baseline data from schools on availability of handwashing facilities Handwashing indicator Total N=83 Group Control N=41 Intervention N=42 p value Geographical Zone Terai N=32 Hills N=30 Mountain N=21 Has a designated place for hand washing 71 (86%) 37 (90%) 34 (81%) (91%) 22 (73%) 20 (95%) Soap and water is available at the hand washing station n=71 n=37 n=34 n=29 n=22 n=20 11 (19%) 8 (22%) 3 (9%) (17%) 4 (18%) 2 (10%) Promotional materials about hand washing are displayed at the hand washing station. n=71 34 (48%) n=37 22 (60%) n=34 12 (35%) 0.04 n=29 15 (52%) n=22 19 (86%) n=20 0 (0%) Soap and water and a place for hand washing are available in food preparation areas Soap and water are available at the place where students wash their hands before and after eating n=10 n=10 n=0 n=7 n=3 n=0 7 (70%) 7 (70%) 0 (0%) (71%) 2 (67%) 0 (0%) n=31 n=12 n=19 n=13 n=8 n=10 5 (16%) 3 (25%) 2 (11%) (23%) 1 (13%) 1 (10%) UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 57

60 E. National Level Activities At the national level, UNICEF continues to support Government efforts to promote handwashing with soap to children and families. One innovative example such promotion is the use of cricket as a vehicle for hygiene messages. Since the national cricket team qualified for the /20 World Cup, cricket has rapidly increased in popularity amongst the nation s youth. In order to take advantage of this opportunity, the Cricket Association of Nepal and Zohra International with support from UNICEF launched the Journey to the World Cup programme. Running boards on display during matches carried the hand washing with soap logo to help increase levels of brand awareness. National and international celebrities including former test cricketer VSS Laxman from India publicly promoted hand washing with soap. The hand washing logo and message also appeared on the National Cricket Team s jerseys, on trophies and on assorted marketing paraphernalia. An estimated 6 million people watched the qualifying tournament on Kantipur Television which was billed as UNICEF presents Journey to the World Cup to promote hand washing with soap and water. In December 2013, Paras Khadka, the captain of the National Cricket Team was nominated by the Cricket Association of Nepal, the Ministry of Health and Population and UNICEF to take on the role of national champion of hand washing with soap. He will remain in the role for two years. Hand washing with soap was in the spotlight again in 2013, this time across South Asia, with the appointment of cricket superstar Sachin Tendulkar as UNICEF s sanitation and hygiene brand ambassador. Picture 9: Former cricket test player Mr. VVS Laxman escorted by the UNICEF hand washing mascot and UNICEF country representative Hanaa singer, during the inauguration of the cricket tournament. Box 9: Celebration of Global Hand Washing Day More than just a celebration! Global Hand Washing Day is a major opportunity to promote hygiene across the country and has been celebrated in Nepal since This year s event took place on December 15, 2013 and was used as a platform for the launch of the Government s Public Private Partnership for Hand Washing with Soap initiative. Sponsored by multisectoral public and private partnerships, the number of which has increased each year, the event expanded beyond a simple celebration of Global Hand Washing Day to include large scale multimedia coverage; endorsements from celebrities; school and community events such as story 58 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

61 writing competitions featuring soap, water and hand as characters; poster competitions; wall paintings; handwashing with soap messages on the packaging of consumer items; and the distribution of hygiene supplies to the public. Following the event, market research revealed that more than 93% of respondents have seen and could identify the hand washing logo with ease. Similarly, 86% of those who could identify the logo could also remember the slogan Saboon Pani Haat, Sadhain Saath Saath and associated it with the hand washing logo. The private sector has invested more than US$ 100,000 in the hand washing with soap cause. Global HandWashing Day 2013 also highlighted the needs of vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities. A school level design competition was organized focusing on enabling people with disabilities to wash their hands with soap easily and with dignity. More than 15 Kathmandu valley schools designed handwashing facilities for to cater to the needs of people with different kinds of disability under the banner Inclusive Hand Washing for All! Progress on indicator 5.2: % increase of households that have adopted safe water handling practices at the household level 5 PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS As part of the sanitation marketing programme, International Development Enterprise Nepal with the support of UNICEF piloted the production and promotion of clay ceramic water filters, targeting households in the Terai. A total of 733 clay ceramic water filters were purchased from 10 district level manufacturers and 1 centralized manufacturer by rural households. 10 sales agents trained by International Development Enterprise dealt directly with the householders. A household water filter perception survey completed at the end of the project revealed that 47% of households were happy with clay ceramic water filter. The filter is effective and easy to use and is available in the local market at an affordable price. Households using the filter (which is silver treated) reported a decrease of 60% in water borne illnesses. Marketing the clay ceramic filters will continue into the second phase of the Sanitation Marketing Programme. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 59

62 6INITIAL IMPACTS 60 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

63 INITIAL IMPACTS During 2013, efforts were made to effectively document initial impacts in districts and communities that have declared themselves Open Defecation Free. Although studies have indicated improved health results in Open Defecation Free areas, it may be too early to directly attribute these gains to the Open Defecation Free movement. Independent Evaluation of the UNICEF supported Community Approach to Total Sanitation initiative An Independent Evaluation of the WASH Sector Strategy Community Approaches to Total Sanitation was commissioned by the Evaluation Division at UNICEF HQ. National and international experts were hired to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and outcomes of the strategy in five countries, including Nepal. In Ghachowk VDC in Kaski district (among others), the evaluation team found that the community centred approach has netted improvements in environmental sanitation. In Jagatpur VDC in Chitwan district, residents feel that their reputation has been enhanced as they have gained the respect of communities in neighboring villages for their work in sanitation. Health post reports and reports from health volunteers reflect a sharp reduction in diseases such as diarrhea and typhoid. After declaring their village or school Open Defecation Free, communities have started to manage cow shed sanitation and similar issues. In some districts, Dang for example, the positive effects of Community Approaches to Sanitation have been adapted to local contexts. Examples include the use of smokeless stoves, the use of ecosan latrines, organic farming, the initiation of the hero of generosity award, and the mobilization of sanitation commandos. Improved sanitation has helped communities to develop a more positive outlook, and has increased levels of civic pride and dignity. Improved sanitation can open up tourism opportunities too, as has been the case in Bandipur in Tanahun district. 6 INITIAL IMPACTS In terms of cost and financial competitiveness, the evaluation pointed out that stakeholders consider communitylevel resource mobilization as one of the strengths of the initiative. A study carried out by Water Aid shows the relative cost effectiveness of the SchoolLed Total Sanitation approach as compared with other approaches to improving sanitation. The study also noted that after the first batch of schools were successful in achieving total sanitation status in their catchment areas, the Government decided to implement the SchoolLed Total Sanitation approach in all 75 districts of the country. The social movement for sanitation has become massive and almost unstoppable. In terms of effectiveness, the study points out that the approach has been successful in generating evidence of changing social norms related to open defecation. A norm that toilets must be built to meet the national goal of achieving total sanitation by 2017 now has been established. Providing priority access to poor and disadvantaged households is another new norm across the country. Thanks to such norms, widows, landless people, the poor and people with disabilities have better access to appropriate support. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 61

64 The study draws the following conclusions and makes the following recommendations: Sustainability is high on the agenda for the majority of implementers including the Government, development agencies, and UNICEF. Although efforts are being made to address sustainability issues, such as the development of local codes of conduct, efforts need to be more systematic. Providing access to the poor and disadvantaged is no longer an issue. The need to give them priority has been established as a norm. The need to address issues of equity has thus shifted to communities, villages and districts and does not require further subsidy. Improving coordination has proved an invaluable strategy for helping a village or a district to achieve Open Defecation Free status. The strategy is being increasingly adopted by government agencies, development agencies and other stakeholders. Nepal s Sanitation Master Plan, the Aligning for Action initiative, and the International Year of Sanitation have all helped to create an enabling environment for standardization, harmony and unity. Nepal s sanitation movement has its roots in schools and remains as effective today as it was when it was launched in Schools are well positioned within communities to monitor the maintenance and sustainability of sanitation facilities both on the school premises and in local households. The role played by state schools in drawing disadvantaged people into the pool of social initiators is something unique to Nepal. The majority of students in state schools are from poor and disadvantaged families. State schools have played a key role in making local communities aware of the importance of sanitation. 62 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

65 6 INITIAL IMPACTS UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 63

66 7CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 64 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

67 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES While implementing the WASH programme in 2013, UNICEF experienced a number of challenges, hence the need for strategic action at both the policy and implementation levels. These challenges are summarized below. The expected results in the programme districts detailed in the Finnish Proposal are not currently aligned with UNICEF s new Country Programme Action Plan Progress reporting and resource utilization should also be aligned to the new plan. There are high expectations for the four districts where UNICEF has phased out its support in 2013 (Kaski, Tanahun, Chitwan and Kavre). Local authorities and government line agencies back a continued UNICEF presence in these districts and support for sustaining sanitation, dealing with urban WASH issues, and implanting total sanitation action plans. (IR1) The frequent turnover of senior government officials at ministry and department levels, coupled with poor compliance, are causing significant delays in the systematic implementation of regular sector review consultation mechanisms. This is also affecting the adoption of agreed sector monitoring and review frameworks at district and regional levels. (IR1 and IR2) The sector ministry and its departments have requested increased technical and financial support to address sanitation issues in eight districts with sanitation coverage of below 35% in the eastern, central and Terai regions. (IR2) The cluster approach established by the Government in collaboration with the UN and other humanitarian agencies in 2008 is now in a transition phase. The approach is not being used to effectively address emerging WASH issues such as the increased incidences of natural disaster associated with the effects of climate change. (IR3). The flagship programme (Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium) and the cluster mechanism led by the Ministry of Home Affairs and supported by the donor community lacks clarity on WASH issues and priority actions to address these issues. (IR3) 7 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Little attention has been paid to the introduction of the software component of the school WASH programme. This, coupled with significant delays, has compromised the effective utilization of the huge investment in WASH facilities in schools (girls toilets and water supplies). These issues may also impact on the sustainability and use of the facilities. (IR4) A lack of leadership and commitment from the health sector is limiting private sector collaboration in expanding the Hand Washing with Soap Initiative. High levels of collaboration were envisaged in the business plan approved by the Government in In addition to the challenges listed above, many opportunities to promote the WASH sector emerged during These are summarized below. Although WASH sector reform processes and legal provisions to support harmonization and decentralization are have yet to be finalized due to the ongoing period of national UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 65

68 transition and the lack of a constitutional framework, there is commitment to increasing levels of collaboration and to formulating a single WASH programme document in the form of a sector development plan by mid2014. This is encouraging as it indicates increasing levels of effectiveness in the sector, and will lead to the development of a road map for achieving universal access to water and sanitation by (IR1) The social movement for sanitation initiated in the mid and farwestern regions in 2010/2011 now has nationwide influence, local ownership, and is achieving promising results. The success of the movement presents excellent opportunities for mobilizing WASH coordination networks (District, Municipal and Village Coordination Committees) to address other WASH components including the functionality of water systems, water quality, and solid and liquid waste disposal. By launching the Millennium Goal Acceleration Framework for Sanitation in January 2013, the Government demonstrated its commitment to total addressing sanitation issues in eastern and central Terai districts with sanitation coverage of below 35%. The success of SACOSAN V and the signing of the joint declaration to make South Asia Open Defecation Free by 2023, present opportunities for fostering a culture of knowledge sharing between member states. Nepal could benefit from sharing learning with the Indian states that it borders. (IR1/2/4) The Government has created a dedicated section under the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage to address issues of climate change and disaster risk management in the WASH sector. The section has a separate budget line and works at both policy and operational levels. The existence of a common coordination platform led by the sector ministry and supported by all development partners presents an excellent opportunity for enhanced sector harmonization. (IR3) Following the significant commitment shown by the corporate sector during the national programme to promote hand washing with soap, and the positive response from local private sector organizations to the sanitation marketing initiative, opportunities to expand publicprivate partnerships into an integrated nationwide programme should be further explored. (IR5) 66 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

69 7 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 67

70 8FUTURE PLANS / FUTURE ACTIONS 68 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

71 FUTURE PLANS / FUTURE ACTIONS UNICEF has now completed the first year of its new Country Programme cycle ( ). All of the interventions implemented by the WASH programme in 2013 were in line with the results framework agreed with the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Although this is not expected to change in 2014, UNICEF has grouped together or merged some of the programme performance indicators in order to better align with the sectorwide monitoring and evaluation framework being developed by the Ministry of Urban Development. The overall framework for the WASH programme developed in 2012 remains valid for the current fiveyear country programme. Actions planned following the midterm review process are outlined below. Intermediate Result 1: One harmonized national WASH sector programme is fully operational; a sector financing strategy is operationalized to target marginalized and unserved people. UNICEF will provide continued technical and financial support to the Sector Efficiency Improvement Unit, and will work with all players in the sector to reach consensus on how to finalize the Sector Development Plan by mid2014. During this process, UNICEF will give special emphasis to articulating a tangible and practical WASH monitoring and evaluation framework to enhance the assessment of sector performance at all levels. UNICEF is fully committed to supporting and facilitating the 2nd Joint Sector Review meeting scheduled for the first quarter of UNICEF will participate in several thematic working groups (sanitation and hygiene, functionality, water quality monitoring and evaluation / gender and social inclusion, climate change adaptation / disaster risk management) and contribute to the drafting of key chapters of the sector development plan. UNICEF will work with the Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development to draft a common framework for total urban sanitation. UNICEF will clearly articulate and work to address emerging issues and challenges in addition to clarifying the specific roles of municipal government, sector ministries, and departments. UNICEF will establish a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Urban Development and the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment to integrate a WASH component into Local Adaptation Plans of Action. This is in line with the Climate Change Adaptation Framework recently endorsed by the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment. UNICEF will work closely with selected local bodies and other partners at the district level to unpack the integrated plan, and support implementation of the WASH component in 23 districts as outlined in the Local Adaptation Plan of Action. 8 FUTURE PLANS / FUTURE ACTIONS UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 69

72 Intermediate Result 2: Households in the most disadvantaged and least served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply services through coordinated district level WASH programmes. UNICEF will continue to provide technical and financial support to the Open Defecation Free movement in 17 districts by optimizing local and external resources. UNICEF will continue to lobby sector ministries and departments to increase the allocation of regular government resources to postopen Defecation Free interventions at district, municipality and VDClevels. UNICEF is committed to matching government resources to enable the implementation of approved total sanitation plans in the target districts. UNICEF will give priority to improving the functionality of existing water supply schemes through the mobilization of Water and Sanitation Users Committee networks (Water Users Federation) in selected districts. UNICEF will work closely with district and village level WASH Coordination Committees to develop a common framework and to foster coordination between agencies. UNICEF will take all possible steps to ensure the integration of water safety plans (including pointofuse water treatment options) with the Government s Climate Change Adaptation/Disaster Risk Reduction Framework in order to ensure functionality. UNICEF will continue to support efforts to improve access to water supply facilities for the most marginalized families in target districts by encouraging Water Supply Users Committees to take the lead in the management (including financial management) and implementation of local water supply projects. UNICEF will use a similar strategy to provide permanent, safe, water options to families affected by arsenic contamination in selected districts. UNICEF will complement the work of the social movement for sanitation by supporting local private sector organizations (particularly in the Terai) through the sanitation marketing programme. UNICEF will focus on the creation of demand and the availability of appropriate products in local markets. Intermediate Result 3: Improved interagency collaboration, Government of Nepal leadership, and capacity in disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness and response. UNICEF will work with sector ministries, departments and humanitarian partners to integrate the cluster approach into the existing sector coordination framework and to align preparedness and response interventions to the Disaster Risk Management Plan. UNICEF will support operational research to explore the impacts of climate change on the WASH sector leading to the development of WASHspecific guidelines and interventions in target districts. Intermediate Result 4: All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools. In order to effectively mobilize and utilize financial resources from the Education Sector for improving childfriendly WASH facilities, UNICEF will support selected districts in carrying out school mapping exercises to document existing facilities. Local authorities will then be able distribute WASH materials and install WASH facilities based on actual need and with the full ownership of School Management Committees and VDCs. UNICEF will allocate financial resources to selected district authorities and schools to help them install childfriendly WASH facilities for boys and girls. To further strengthen water and sanitation systems, UNICEF will step up its lobbying efforts with the Education Sector to introduce a standard software component, integrating life skillsbased hygiene education. This component will be based on learning from the 70 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

73 current pilot initiative being carried out in collaboration with the Nepal Red Cross Society in 300 schools. This initiative will help to ensure the proper management, maintenance and sustained use of WASH facilities for girls and children with disabilities in schools and early childhood development centres. Intermediate Result 5: Families, especially those from disadvantaged groups, adopt basic health care practices and improved hygiene behaviours UNICEF, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Population and the private sector, will undertake a midline survey of the ongoing hand washing with soap initiative in target districts to document successes and failures. Findings will help to inform the expansion of the initiative to eight additional districts in UNICEF is developing a communication for development strategy / action plan to systematically address negative social practices and gender roles in WASH. 8 FUTURE PLANS / FUTURE ACTIONS UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 71

74 9PROGRAMME FINANCE 72 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

75 PROGRAMME FINANCE 2013 funds were allocated to five, broad results categories: a) One harmonized national WASH plan, b) improved water and sanitation services, c) emergency WASH, d) school WASH and e) hand washing with soap. Of the total proposed budget of US$3,500,000 (representing contributions from both UNICEF and the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs), close to $3,334,913 was spent. UNICEF worked with its partners to review financial allocations based on ground realities and future projections before utilizing budgets. US$517,336 was spent on the harmonized National WASH Plan in 2013; US$2,608,577 on improved WASH services, school WASH and emergency WASH; and US$209,000 on the hand washing with soap initiative. Although UNICEF guarantees value for money and sound financial management, it has been difficult for the WASH section to generate expenditure figures under the five Intermediate Result areas due to technical difficulties experienced during the transition to the new Country Action Plan in Expenditure between 2011 and 2013 was largely consistent, with total expenditure for the three year period standing at US$10,359,076. The Government of Finland s contribution to this total is almost double that of UNICEF s. As one component of the convergence approach, the WASH section piloted a joint financial planning system during the reporting period. This was one of the reasons for the existence of a programmable balance of US$1,088,530. Concluding that convergence is more about results than about planning, UNICEF has reallocated the balance to fill the 2014 funding gap. The WASH section plans to improve its reporting system from 2014, especially in the way results reflect expenditure. In line with the recommendation in the midterm review, from 2104, the WASH section will align its reporting on budgets and expenditure for each result and subresult area with the UNICEF Country Programme Action Plan. This change is expected to provide a clearer, more organized, picture of programme expenditure. The table that follows shows planned budgets and actual expenditure from Note: Requisitioned amount: this means that a budget has been entered into the system and that a decision to spend has been taken. For example, when a budget has been allocated and a contract signed with an individual or organization, the sum appears under the heading requisitioned amount. The actual expenditure may differ slightly from the requisitioned amount due, for example, to changes in the exchange rate, or termination of contract. In 2013, the difference between requisition and expenditure amounts is less than 1%.. 9 PROGRAMME FINANCE Planning Ceiling: this means the budget proposed to either the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland or to another UNICEF donor. UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 73

76 10FINANCIAL INFORMATION 74 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

77 FINANCIAL INFORMATION Remarks Total Requisitioned Amount in US$ up to 2013 Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in in US$ Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2013 in US$ Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2012 in US$ Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2011 in US$ Program components UNICEF Total Finnish Funds Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiling Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiling Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiling Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiling 500, , , , , ,336 1,300,000 1,332, , ,057 1,332,228 IR 1: One Harmonised National WASH Plan 800,000 1,834,521 1,000,000 2,515, ,000 2,608,577 2,400,000 8,170,909 5,726,449 2,444,461 8,170,909 This cumulative cost includes water supply, ODF, School WASH and 1,100,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 3,800,000 capacity building* IR 2: Improved Services (water & Sanitation IR 4: School WASH 300, , , , , ,000 IR 3: Inter agency Collaboration/ Emergency WASH 800, , , , , ,000 2,400, , , , ,939 There is a significant private sector participation in this IR IR 5: Hand Washing with Soap Total (US$) 3,500,000 3,143,130 3,800,000 3,881,033 3,500,000 3,334,913 10,800,000 10,359,076 6,511,894 3,847,181 10,359, FINANCIAL INFORMATION UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 75

78 11EXPRESSION OF THANKS 76 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

79 EXPRESSION OF THANKS UNICEF Nepal would like to extend its appreciation to the Government of Finland for the support provided to the WASH programme in Nepal. Finland s contribution played a vital part in helping UNICEF to fulfill its commitment to reduce child mortality in Nepal by improving water, hygiene and sanitation services. Finnish funds were used for both UNICEF s national level work in WASH sector reform, and for its work in improving health and education at the local level. Early results include increased levels of government leadership and ownership; stronger monitoring systems for verifying the Open Defecation Free status; increased human and financial resource mobilization; and increased collaboration. Community level results show evidence of more people using improved water supplies; more people using toilets properly; and children with clean faces and hands as a result of washing with soap. These positive changes and indications of lasting impact would not have been possible without the Government of Finland s financial contribution. The support has attracted supplementary contributions from other donors and national partners keen to bring about similar results. The Government of Nepal would also like to express its gratitude to the Government of Finland. UNICEF extends its sincere thanks and appreciation to the Ambassador of Finland in Nepal and to high level delegates from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for making field trips to Kaski and Tanahun districts. These visits proved extremely valuable in motivating local government officers and the communities they serve to sustain the achievements of the Open Defecation Free movement in Nepal, particularly the mobilization of children and child clubs. In addition UNICEF would like to extend its gratitude to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for commissioning the joint midterm review of UNICEF s WASH programme, for documenting successes, and for providing guidance for the programme s future direction. Special thanks are also extended to the midterm review team led by Finnish Embassy officials for the consultation and insight they provided, and for the time they took to debrief highlevel representatives from the Nepal Government and UNICEF officers following field visits. UNICEF is grateful to the team for providing open and constructive suggestions, guidance on improving programme implementation and documentation, and for addressing emerging sector issues and themes. UNICEF anticipates a demand from the Government to intensify the social movement for sanitation in Terai districts with sanitation coverage of less than 35%. Continued support from the Government of Finland will therefore be crucial for the effective implementation of the UNICEF WASH Programme in Nepal and in achieving the national goal of sanitation and water for all by EXPRESSION OF THANKS UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 77

80 78 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

81 12 Annexes

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83 Annex 1 SACOSAN V Declaration 2013 Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 81

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85 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 83 Annexes

86 Annex 2 National WASH Programme Responsibility Matrix No. Component Definition, focus, clarification Status, adequacy 1 Policies, Acts 1a National Review of policies, update to facilitate NPC three year approach and beyond, modalities of local ownership and management 1b Rural Poverty Alleviation, reaching the unreached, functionality, gender equity Functionality Type of Action required Lead GoN Agency Merge all aspects into Umbrella WSS Act, then ensure public consultation and promotion of Act Update to 2014, align with govt policy Start in month Suggested Sponsor MoUD/SEIU Jul13 SSG, with support from SEIU and its consultants MoUD/SEIU, with support of MoFA& LD Jul13 Finland with CSOs (SNV) MM Costs in US$ Ready by Month 9 in place Apr ,000 Nov13 1c Urban NUWSSSP09/SEIU, aligning different policies within urban sector Integrate with urban development policy and water resources/waste water aspects MoUD/SEIU with DUDBC/ WECS Jul13 SEIU and its consultants 3 in place Feb14 1d School alignment, sharing responsibilities with SMC, child friendly MoE Jul13 UNICEF 1 10,000 Nov13 1e Health sector Establishing WQ surveillance, WASH incl. hospitals, clinics (+HCWM), contribution to NHSP II 1f Water Resources License from District Water Resource Committee, need for higher level technical support, right to water source, rights? 1g Environment waste water management policy and discharge guidelines/ standards nonexistent; link with solid waste/industrial waste management Need to ensure water quantity and quality, consider source protection, climate change effects and wastewater discharge, formulation of waste water discharge guidelines/standards MoHP with DUDBC MoUD/ SEIU with MoEnvironment/WECS Jul13 WHO 1 10,000 Nov13 Jul13 WB 2 40,000 Feb14 Jul13 SEIU and its consultants 6 in place Feb14 84 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

87 1h Other & cross cutting issues GESI, right to WASH link with prospective National WASH programme 2 Institutional Aspects 2a WASH Sector Institutions in Government Relationships, responsibilities, competences and capacity, distinct responsibilities for policy development, regulation and implementation, good governance. Update old organogram with new Ministries, review district level setup and update 2b Regulation broaden regulation beyond tariffs, include Functionality and WQ considerations, consumer relations and equity. Formulate an effective regulatory framework at urban and community WASH level 2c Private Sector real engagement at all levels, need for capacity development in SMEs communicate sector prospects with private sector representatives 2d Selfsupply enabling environment, facilitation through promotion by CSOs and private sector, case studies 2e SWAp strengthening trust and communication, greater policy coherence and compliance, improved (district) planning, create a learning environment assessment of critical factors that will decide on the ability for selfsupply Annual Consultations and JSR 2f User associations, operator groups assess experience with and potential of existing associations, capacity, development needs position paper with recommendations for action Annexes Gender/ NHRC? Oct13 NHRC/Action Aid? 4 20,000 Apr14 subtotal 120,000 NPC with MoUD/SEIU, MoFA&LD and MoE Apr13 SSG, with SEIU 2 in place Dec13 MoUD/SEIU with NPC and MoFA&LD Oct13 WB 3 60,000 Jun14 Oct13 Nat. Chamber of Commerce, Panchakanya 6 15,000 May14 Aug13 SNV/Practical Action with EU funding 4 40,000 Apr14 MoUD/SEIU May13 UNICEF (national) and SNV (district/ MSPs) 6 in kind Jun14 Aug13 WaterAid, with MuAN and NEWAH 6 20,000 Apr14 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 85

88 3 Assessment of Technical Capacity Needs 3a Human Resource Development needs assessment Consider existing sector capacity, assess retention potential and natural attrition; assess Training Needs at national level, but in particular for district level, WUSCs and municipal systems. Include TN of private entrepreneurs, contractors, plumbers, hardware stores; and for community managed schemes. 3b CB development strategy to support a diverse sector Using the outcome of 3a, draft a longer term CB development strategy based on institutional and sector needs 4 Developing supportive capacity at all levels 4a District/ Municipal/ VDClevel Water Supply Services 4b District/ Municipal/ VDClevel Sanitation Facilities and Services focus on capacity building for functionality, service delivery and water quality; clarify ownership issues and asset management; create financial and technical support functions, create skill development and training opportunities focus on capacity building for ODF/ total sanitation, through establishment, effective use, sustainability and renewal of sanitation effort Identify partner institutions, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) and their regional offices, include suitable teaching institutions and NGOs. Propose a suitable Capacity Building mechanism Identify critical technical, social and management actions and get these implemented through orientation and training as good practice at urban and rural scheme level Evaluate and update sanitation planning, integrate ideas from SACOSAN V MoUD/SEIU + DWSS/ CHRDU MoUD/SEIU + DWSS/ CHRDU MoUD/SEIU with MoFA&LD subtotal 115,000 Jul13 JICA 8 80,000 May14 Jan ,000 May14 subtotal 110,000 May13 SNV (functionality and service delivery/rural) and WHO (WSP and Water Quality) 3 and 1 40'000 and 12'000 Nov13 May13 NSHSC / NSHCC + GSF team 2 Dec13 86 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

89 4c Regional support capacity for implementation, monitoring and O&M Review mandate of DWSS RMSOs and interaction between RMSO's with District/ municipal and VDC level WASH, identify common needs and issues, develop standard guidance and capacity to refer to consultants 5 Sector Financing 5a Midterm Expenditure Programme 5b Financing modalities 5c Credit/micro credit Resource mobilization, district level requirements, risk assessment TDF, banks with guarantee, etc. Review conditionalities for various ownership modalities, incl. Registered Company, to access funds in the market Provide access to poor, vulnerable and hard to reach households, through microcredit/oba 5d Refinancing (partially) nonfunctioning existing schemes need fundable solutions in rehabilitation or repair 5e Insurance Assess options to insure WSS assets against natural damages (storms, floods, landslides) Annexes Revise staffing according to local needs, facilitate/ activate laboratories and meter calibration capacity National and district level integration of budget/offbudget inputs Review BSP model, OBA experiences ADB/ SSTWSSSP NMIP data analysed, potential for refinancing approach assessed in some 5 districts, both rural and urban MoUD/SEIU with DWSS/ CHRDU MoF with NPC, MoUD/SEIU MoF with MoUD/SEIU MoF with NPC, MoUD/SEIU NPC with MoUD/SEIU, DWSS/NMIP Aug ,000 Apr14 subtotal 62,000 Aug13 WSP/WB, WaterAid May14 May13 ADB/WB economist Dec13 Aug13 SEIU and its consultants Dec13 Aug13 TDF, Agricultural Development Bank? May14 May13 Swiss RE?/ local insurance company Dec13 subtotal 0 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 87

90 6 Monitoring, reporting, evaluation and sector learning 6a M&E Review sector monitoring, benchmarking and performance assessment 6b Technical Audit Adherence to policy and technical guidance/standards, value for money, transparency 6c Multistake holder platforms (MSP) capacity development for MSP, facilitation, learning platforms for different groups. 6d Joint Sector Review agreed indicators for sector improvement, methodology, information sharing and confidence building, quality control of case studies 7 Water Resources, Climate Change and Environmental Protection 7a Availability and allocation/rights effects of urbanization, agriculture, climate change; conservation of water and source protection, WUMP/ Helvetas update methodologies, use communication technology for realtime info Questionnaire with field visits, input national audit Generate consultative capacity for improved planning, coordination and learning at district level in 10 districts Agree on regular joint visits and assessments, to complement data from SEIU/NMIP and publish Sector status report review acts, who is entitled when? Methodology and capacity development for WR allocation, application of 3R and RWH MoUD/SEIU Mar13 SEIU and its consultants 5 in place Apr14 MoUD/ SEIU and MoFA&LD, MoF Staff college + CHRDU May13 DWSS/ SSTWSSSP and DoLIDAR 5 Dec13 Aug ,000 Apr14 MoUD/SEIU Jul13 UNICEF 20,000 Dec13 60,000 MoUD/SEIU with WECS Jun13 WB with ICIMOD 20,000 Jan14 88 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

91 7a Watershed protection 7c Sanitation & sewerage 7d Waste water treatment and discharge Water Use Master Plan (WUMP)/Helvetas, Finland; other approaches by climatic zone Opportunities for sustainable domestic solutions through ecosan, or similar reuse options in agriculture. Sustainable institutional options (hospitals/ school), water saving options, costbenefits, alternatives to sewerage? Reduction of waste water, opportunities for effective local treatment, energy saving, decentralized water treatment, ecologically sound 8 Cross cutting aspects 8a Gender Equity and Social Inclusion Review policies and acts, compare with practice 8b WASH in emergencies Risk assessment, experience with capacity development in recent years, urbanization and climate change effects Annexes Link Nepal with current developments in decentralized sanitation solutions, review modalities and options Listing and short description of technologies that are suitable and environmentally sound, for Nepal conditions Highlight concerns, advise on good practice Continued development of national and district preparedness plans and annual orientation and dryruns. MoUD/SEIU with WECS MoUD/ SEIU with MoUD/SEIU with WECS MoUD/SEIU with DWSS, MoFA&LD Jun13 ICIMOD, Helvetas, Finland 30,000 Feb14 Sep13 JICA/KOICA with KU and ENPHO 3 40,000 Sep13 Sep13 JICA/KOICA 4 60,000 Mar14 subtotal 150,000 May13 UNICEF 3 15,000 Dec13 subtotal 15,000 grand total 632,000 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 89

92 Annex 2a Final TOR for Nepal National WASH Programme 07/01/ UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

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100 Annex 3 List of Districts with WASH/Sanitation Plan supported by UNICEF Districts with WASH/ODF Plan as of 2013 SN District Title of WASH Plan Approved by District Council 1 Bajhang ODF plan Yes 2 Bajura Sanitation plan Yes 3 Dadeldhura Sanitation and Hygiene Plan Yes 4 Achham WASH plan Yes 5 Dang District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 6 Rukum District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 7 Jajarkot District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 8 Mugu District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 9 Humla District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 10 Jumla District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 11 Kalikot District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 12 Dolpa District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 13 Parsa District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 14 Chitwan Post ODF Plan Yes 15 Kavre Yes Yes 16 N'Parasi District Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Strategic Action Plan Yes 17 Kapilvastu ODF Stratgy Yes 18 Kaski Post ODF Plan Yes 19 Tanahu Post ODF Plan Yes 20 Udayapur ODF stratgic Action Plan Yes 21 Saptari ODF stratgic Action Plan First Draft 22 Panchthar District Sanitation Strategic Plan Yes 98 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

101 Annex 4 Districts/VDCs with Open Defecation Free status (201113) supported by UNICEF Summary ODF 2011, 2012 & 2013 SN District Baseline ODF Coverage Total Remarks/Implementing Partners Bajhang DDC/WSSDO, NRCS, FEDWASUN 2 Bajura DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 3 Dadeldhura DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 4 Achham DDC/WSSDO, NRCS, FEDWASUN 5 Dang DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 6 Rukum DDC/WSSDO, NRCS 7 Jajarkot DDC/WSSDO, NRCS, FEDWASUN 8 Mugu DDC/WSSDO 9 Jumla DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 10 Humla DDC/WSSDO 11 Kalikot DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 12 Dolpa DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 13 Parsa DDC/WSSDO, NRCS 14 Chitwan DDC/WSSDO 15 N'Parasi DDC/WSSDO, RWSSP 16 Kapilvastu DDC/WSSDO, NRCS, FEDWASUN 17 Kaski DDC/WSSDO 18 Tanahu DDC/WSSDO, NRCS, RWSSP 19 Udayapur DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 20 Saptari DDC/WSSDO 21 Panchthar DDC/WSSDO, FEDWASUN 22 Kavre DDC/WSSDO 24 Bhojpur DDC/WSSDO, NRCS 25 Khotang DDC/WSSDO, NRCS 26 Rolpa 2 2 DDC/WSSDO, NRCS Grand total Note: For detailed VDC level information by distircts is attached separately. Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 99

102 Annex 5a List of Districts with Water Supply Projects Supported by UNICEF in 2011 District S. No Name of Project/Scheme *** Type of Source (Spring, Stream, spring fed stream, stream, river, deep tubewell, shallow tubewell and other) New/ Rehab* Start Year (Nepali) Completion Year (Nepali) District VDC/ Municipality Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Annual Progress Update Form (Form # 1) (Completed Water Supply and Sanitation Schemes/Projects in 2069/ ) Location Ward No. Community Total H/Hs Survey Year (Nepali) Completion Year (Nepali) Benefitting population Actual Expenditure in NPR WSUC Members Water Supply Contribution WSUC Registrati Design Completio Completion Completion on Year n yea yea yea GON Donor Community Total (Yes/No) F M (Nepali) (Male) (Female) (Children) Remarks Per capita cost in NPR 1 Saingada Spring Rehab Toshi /8 2069/ / ,560 72, ,472 Y 4 7 1,458 2 Schod Khola Stream Rehab Toshi /8 2069/ / ,467, ,445 1,760,668 Y 4 7 1,411 This cost 3 Kukudi khola Stream Rehab Toshi /8 2069/ / ,333 40, ,800 Y 4 7 include 1,226 4 Gogan dhara Spring Rehab Dhamali /8 2069/ / ,170 47, ,004 Y 4 7 installation cost Gaunkhat Spring Rehab Achham Dhamali /8 2069/ / ,490 30, ,588 Y 4 7 and doesn't 1,505 6 Amati khola Stream Rehab Dhamali /8 2069/ / ,213 53, ,256 Y 4 7 include supplies 1,829 7 Joshi dhara Spring Rehab Dhamali /8 2069/ / ,484 76, ,581 Y 4 7 (pipes/fittings/ce 1,856 8 Jamphurukh Spring Rehab Kalekanda /8 2069/ / ,422 74, ,506 Y 4 7 ments) 2,002 9 Amaruk Spring Rehab Kalekanda /8 2069/ / ,486 60, ,783 Y 4 7 1, Pipal khola Stream Rehab Jalpadevi /8 2069/ / ,082 95, ,498 Y 4 7 2,074 Subtotal Accham Bhorle I RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Chilaune 6 Bhorle /8 2069/ / , , ,800 Y 4 5 5,191 2 Bhorle II RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Chilaune 6 Bhorle /8 2069/ / ,400 58, ,600 Y 4 5 3,237 3 Mandane RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Limpatar 2 Mandane /8 2069/ / , , ,000 Y 4 5 3,164 4 Beshare RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Shiddipur 1 Besare /8 2069/ / , , ,000 Y 4 5 2,595 5 Simle Puchhar RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Chilaune 2 Simle Puchhar /8 2069/ / , , ,400 Y 4 5 3,772 6 Toribari RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Udayapur Khanbu 9 Toribari /8 2069/ / , , ,800 Y 4 5 1,325 7 Jaubari RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Katari 7 Jaubari /8 2069/ / , , ,200 Y 4 5 2,879 8 Addakuna RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Katari 7 Addakuna /8 2069/ / , , ,400 Y 4 5 2,265 9 Sindurebeshi RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Limpatar 2 Sindure /8 2069/ / , , ,000 Y 4 5 3, Kuwapani RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Rupatar 1 Kuwapani /8 2069/ / ,800 Y 4 5 3, Agrakhe RWSSP Stream New 068/69 068/69 Barre 4 Agrakhe /8 2069/ / ,400 Y 4 5 3,197 Sub total Udaypur ,538,200 1,581,200 5,119, Tubewell New Bakdhuwa 48 Ram, Sada, BK, Mohanpur tole ,000 16,000 N HP 2 Tubewell New Siswa Belhi 1, 5, 6, 7, & 9 Mandal, Labtoliya, Ram, Kharhi, Sada Tole ,000 44,000 N HP 3 Tubewell New Harpur 3, 4, 6 & 4 Tubewell New Khojpur 5, 8 & 9 5 Tubewell New Pipra Pashim 3, 7 & 9 7 Paswaan, Khatbe, Haripur, Pokharia, Chakdaka Mandal, Sardar, Meghwari Nain Dabur, Lalpatta, Chaudhary tole ,000 44,000 N HP ,000 44,000 N HP ,800 52,800 N HP 100 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

103 Chaudhary tole 6 Tubewell New Raipur 3, 5, 6 & 9 Ram, Pasman, Sada tole ,000 44,000 N HP 7 Tubewell New Boriya 2, 4 & 9 8 Tubewell New Amaha 9 Tubewell New Praswani 3, 5, 6, 7, & 8 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9 Sada, Dibhar, Khang tole Sada, Jitpur, Snma, Sardar tole Ram, Sardar, Belha, Badgoriya, ,200 35,200 N HP ,000 44,000 N HP ,000 24,000 N HP 10 Hand pump installation in Saptari Tubewell New Saptari Dharampur 19 for deprieved households Sada, Sardar, Ram, Biswakarma, Yadav tole ,000 72,000 N HP 11 Tubewell New Bishariya 3 and ,000 48,000 N HP 12 Tubewell New Nargo 15 & 8 Pachwariya, Pasman, Sada, Katti, Puwaari, Ram, Khatwe ,000 80,000 N HP 13 Tubewell New Kanchanpur ,000 40,000 N HP 14 Tubewell New Daulatpur 1, 3, 4, 5 & 9 Chaudhary, Puwari, Biswakarma, Teli, Sada, Saha, Bisnariya, Mandal tole ,000 80,000 N HP 15 Tubewell New Kusha 16 Tubewell New Banarjhoola 39 1, 2, 5, & 8 Gahbar and other tole , ,000 N HP Puwari, Bitchla, Pasmaan, Kaamat, Bitchla, Ram, Kanchira, Sardar, Kanchira ,000 80,000 N HP 17 Tubewell New Rayapur 3, 5 & 8 Dihbaar, Sada, ,000 80,000 N HP 18 Tubewell New Piprapashim Subtotal Saptari , 3, 4, 6 & 9 Pandra, Nain Dabar, Chahka Sada, Chaudhary, Koreya, Susuling tole ,000 64,000 N HP , , Grand total ,424, Annexes Supplies were provided by UNICEF and instalaltio of HP was done by Sabal Nepal/Saptari based NGO UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 101

104 Annex 5b List of Districts with Water Supply Projects Supported by UNICEF in 2012 District Name: S. No Name of Project/Scheme *** Type of Source (Spring, Stream, spring fed stream, stream, river, deep tubewell, shallow tubewell and other) New/ Rehab* Start Year (Nepali) Completi on Year (Nepali) Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Annual Progress Update Form (Form # 1) (Completed Water Supply and Sanitation Scheme/Projects Supported by UNICEF in 2069/702012) Design Year (Nepali) District VDC/ Municipality Location Total Benefitting Pop Actual Expenditure in NPR WSUC WSUC Members Remarks Ward Community H/Hs Contribution Registration No. GON Donor Community Total (Yes/No) F M Completi on yea (Male) Completi on yea (Female) Completio n yea (children) (Per Capita Cost in NPR) 1 Mohori Spring New Jumla Chumchaour 3 Chumchaour , , ,840 yes Khopri water supply Spring New Malikathata 9 Khopri ,185, ,000 2,731,000 yes SubtotalJumla ,918, ,640 3,610, Kailash Pr School Spring New Humla Dandafaya 2 Thaya , , , ,335 Yes Hekpa Rehab Hekpa 1 Hekpa , , , ,083 Yes Sub total Humla , ,238 1,049, Deulakhola Rehab Rukum Duli 2 Duli , , , sub total Rukum , , , Goltauri Spring Rahab Dang Goltauri 5 Goltauri ,314 12, ,814 yes Saiga Spring Rehab Saiga 2 Saiga ,328 10,000 58,328 yes Sub total Dang ,642 22, , Hand pump installation in Saptari for deprieved households Sada, Dibhar, 8 New 0 Saptari Boriya 2, 4 & ,200 35,200 N HP Khang tole New 0 Saptari Amaha ,000 44,000 N HP 3, 5, 6, 7, & 8 Sada, Jitpur, Snma, Sardar tole 10 New Saptari Jandaul 1, 5 Rama and Sada tole ,000 44,000 N HP Ram, 11 New 0 Saptari Dharampur 3, 6 Sardar,Mushari, ,800 52,800 N HP Sardar tole Pandra, Nain Dabar, Chahka Sada, 12 New 0 Saptari Kamalpur 2, 3, ,800 52,800 N HP Chaudhary, Koreya, Susuling tole 13 New Saptari Bakdhuwa 5, 9, 7 Bhimar, Sada, ,000 88,000 N HP 14 New Saptari Ithari Bisnpur 1, 2 C Ram ,000 44,000 N HP 15 New Saptari Roopnagar 6, 9 Sardar, Raghunatpur ,200 35,200 N HP Ram, Sada, Musim 16 New 0 Saptari Inarwa Fullbadiya 4, 7, ,000 44,000 N HP Basti SubTotal Saptari , , Lekhagaun W/S Stream New /6 Panchthar Limba 8 Rai , , ,864 No 3 6 4, Oyakmakhola W/S Stream New /6 Kurumba 7 Limbu , , ,420 No 4 5 3, Sumnima W/S Spring New /6 Phidim 9 Rai , ,900 1,537,050 No 4 5 5, Sub total Panchthar ,807,518 1,384,816 3,192, Kubhinde RWSP Stream Rehab /6 Khanbu 3 Kubhinde ,000 24, ,000 Yes Kokan P. School Shallow Tubwel Rehab /6 Sunderpur 6 Dhelachauri , , ,000 Yes 4 5 3, Udayapur 14 Shiva High School Shallow Tubwel Rehab /6 Sunderpur 4 Sunderpur ,000 6,000 73,000 Yes Bohari Bote RWSSP Stream New /6 Panchawati 4 Boharibote ,443, ,000 1,930,000 Yes 4 5 5, Sub total Udaypur ,816,000 1,816, , Shree Dhankauli Lower Secondary New Kapilvastu Dhankauli 1 Dhankauli ,000 15,000 30,000 No Shallow tube well School 2 Shree Salfiya Madarsa Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dumara 1 Dumara ,000 15,000 30,000 No 3 Shree Durga Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Thunia 7 Thuniya ,000 15,000 30,000 No 4 Shree Mitaulum Rehra Madarsa Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Jahadi 7 Rehara ,000 15,000 30,000 No 5 Shree Primary School Birpur Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Birpur 4 Dharmanagar ,000 15,000 30,000 No 6 Shree Madarsa Arasiya Darululum Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dharmapaniya 3 Serhiya ,000 15,000 30,000 No 7 Shree Ahalesunnat Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Mahuwa 6 Badalpura ,000 15,000 30,000 No 8 Shree Mahendra Higher Secondary New Kapilvastu Kopawa 1 Janda ,000 15,000 30,000 No Shallow tube well School 9 Shree Mahendra Lower Secondary New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot Thulo Semari ,000 15,000 30,000 No Shallow tube well School 10 Shree Ram lakhan Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Udayapur 8 Banjariya ,000 15,000 30,000 No 11 Shree Kadriya Garivan Namaz New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot 5 Rudauli ,000 15,000 30,000 No Shallow tube well Madarsa 12 Shree Islam Nurulhuda Madarsa Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot 2 Semari ,000 15,000 30,000 No 13 Shree Madarsa Garivan Nawaz New Kapilvastu Maharajganj 8 Paderia ,000 15,000 30,000 No Shallow tube well Primary School 14 Shree Janata Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot 6 Barmelitol ,000 15,000 30,000 No 102 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

105 Primary School 14 Shree Janata Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot 6 Barmelitol ,000 15,000 30,000 No 15 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 2 Aanadabag ,000 15,000 30,000 No 16 Shree Siddhartha Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Baskhor 2 Baraha ,000 15,000 30,000 No 17 Shrree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dohani 8 Kuwajgaun ,000 15,000 30,000 No 18 Shrree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dohani 1 Chauraha ,000 15,000 30,000 No 19 Shree Bhagwati Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dohani 3 Mainihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 20 Shree Sundar Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 13 Malpara ,000 15,000 30,000 No 21 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 10 Sadawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 22 Shree Madarsa Ahalesunnat Gausiya Garivan Namaz Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Chanai 1 Chanai ,000 15,000 30,000 No 23 Shree Buddha Jyoti Primary Scool Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Ajigara 6 Kaudihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 24 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Bahadurganj 5 Bahadurganj ,000 15,000 30,000 No 25 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Jayanagar 8 Pashupatitol ,000 15,000 30,000 No 26 Shree Primary School Pipri Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 14 Pipari ,000 15,000 30,000 No 27 Shree Kothimai Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Nandanagar 6 Naudihuwa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 28 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Gajedha 5 Siuti dada ,000 15,000 30,000 No 29 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Sisawa 3 Purba semari ,000 15,000 30,000 No 30 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Gotihawa 8 Shreerampur ,000 15,000 30,000 No 31 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Bithuwa 6 Aurhiya ,000 15,000 30,000 No 32 Shree Sihokhor VDC Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Sihokhor 8 Matariya ,000 15,000 30,000 No 33 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Bedauli 7 Mudila ,000 15,000 30,000 No 34 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 1 Nayatola ,000 15,000 30,000 No 35 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dohani 7 Kacharihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 36 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Basantapur 6 Basantapur ,000 15,000 30,000 No 37 Shree Janajyoti Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Barkalpur 2 Dhankauli ,000 15,000 30,000 No 38 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Niglihawa 9 Niglihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 39 Shree Dr. Devendra Purwa Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Phulika 6 Basantapur ,000 15,000 30,000 No 40 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Kapilvastu Municipa 4 Maiata ,000 15,000 30,000 No 41 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Muslim Samudaya Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Niglihawa 9 Niglihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 42 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Sirsihawa 2 Sirsihawa ,000 15,000 30,000 No 43 Shree Gyan jyoti Primary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Sisawa 2 Dumara ,000 15,000 30,000 No 44 Shree Sihikhor VDC Office Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Sihokhor 1 Baskhor ,000 15,000 30,000 No 45 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Tilaurakot 4 Tilauri ,000 15,000 30,000 No 46 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Dubiya 3 Laxmitol ,000 15,000 30,000 No 47 Shree Baskhor VDC Office Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Baskhor 1 Baskhor ,000 15,000 30,000 No 48 Shree Bhuwaneswor Higher Secondary School Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Phulika 3 Phulika ,000 15,000 30,000 No 49 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Mahuwa 6 Laxmanpur ,000 15,000 30,000 No 50 Shree Samudaya ko lagi Shallow tube well New Kapilvastu Mahuwa 5 Badalpura ,000 15,000 30,000 No Subtotal Kapilvastu 1 shallow tube well shallow tube well New Parsa Madhuwan Mathaul 3,626 3, , ,000 1,500,000 2,3 Koilabhar ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 2 shallow tube well shallow tube well New Parsa Basdilwa 2,3 Ratanpur ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 3 shallow tube well shallow tube well New Parsa Panchrukhi 9 Jhigna, ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 4 shallow tube well shallow tube well New Parsa Udaypur ghurmi 7 ghurmi ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 5 Shallow tube well shallow tube well new Parsa Kauwaban, 8, 9 School ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N Kataiya 6 Shallow tube well shallow tube well new Parsa Kauwaban Kataiya 1, 9 School ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 7 Shallow tube well shallow tube well new Parsa Madhuban Mathaoual 8, 9 School ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 8 Shallow tube well shallow tube well new Parsa Bagbana, 9 School ,000 55,470 16,000 73,470 N 9 Shallow tube well shallow tube well new Parsa Gamharia 3 School ,000 24,600 16,000 42,600 N 10 Bholeshankhar LSS shallow tube well new Parsa Madhuban 8 School ,000 55,470 16,000 73,470 N Mathaoual 11 Ne. Ra. LSS, Bagwana shallow tube well new Parsa Bagwana School ,000 55,470 16,000 73,470 N 12 Ne. Ra.Bazaar shallow tube well new Parsa Subarnapur 4 School ,000 55,470 16,000 73,470 N 13 Ne. Ra. Primary School shallow tube well New Parsa Kauwabankataya 9 School ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N 14 NRPS, Parsauni shallow tube well New Parsa Kauwabankataya 8 School ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N 15 Nirih Singh Higher Secondry School shallow tube well New Parsa Birgunj 17 pipra 7 School ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N Sub Total Parsa 2,065 2, Mithukram WSP 1.1 Divya Jyoti PS Spring New Nawalparasi Mitukaram School+comm ,200 28, ,115 N 1.2 Simaldanda Spring New ,213 17,600 61,813 Yes Hupsekot Spring New ,344 27,854 89,198 Yes Rajhar SSWSP Spring New ,000 6,300 27,300 Yes 4 5 Sub total Nawalparasi ,757 80, ,426 Grand total 9,589 10, ,000 10,201,452 5,375,563 12,794,015 19,746 Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 103

106 Annex 5c List of Districts with Water Supply Projects Supported by UNICEF in 2013 District Name: S. No Name of Project/Sche me *** Type of Source (Spring, Stream, spring fed New/ Rehab* Start Year (Nepali) Completion Year (Nepali) Design Year (Nepali) District VDC/ Municipality Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Annual Progress Update Form (Form # 1) (Completed Water Supply and Sanitation Scheme/Projects in 2070/712013) Location Total H/Hs Benefitting Pop Actual Expenditure in NPR WSUC WSUC Members Ward No. Community Contribution Registration (Yes/No) GON Donor Community Total F M Completion yea (Male) Completion yea (Female) Completion yea (children) Remarks (Per Capita Cost in NPR ) 1 Baliya RWSSP Stream New /7 Udayapur Katari 1 Baliya ,065, ,000 1,490,000 Y 4 5 3,239 2 Sawa Simle RWStream New /7 Udaypaur Shiddipur 2 Sawa Simle , , ,000 Y 4 5 5,560 3 Salghari RWSS Stream New /7 Udayapur Shiddipur 2 Salghari ,900 46, ,640 Y 4 5 7,930 Sub total Udayapur ,862, ,740 2,515,640 1 Yashok DW Spring New /7 Panchthar Yashok VDC 1 & 9 Khalde ,553, , ,400 6,545,400 Y ,489 Sub total Panchthar ,553, , ,400 6,545,400 1 Janata HSS, NaSpring New N/parasi Naya Belani School ,000 35, ,000 2 Lok Sewa HSS, Spring New N/parasi Tamsariya School+comm , ,000 39, ,600 N 3 Adkhala WS prospring New N/parasi Adkhala 5 Comm ,213 19,140 64,353 N/VWASH Sub Total Nawalparasi , ,213 93, ,953 1 Nuru Ulum Mad shallow tube we New Parsa Kauwabankatay 4 Kauwabankataya ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N Ne. Ra. Primaryshallow tube we New Parsa Kauwabankatay 8 Kauwabankataya ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N Sahid..PS, Bagshallow tube we New Parsa Bagwana Katani ,000 27,225 19,000 49,225 N ,000 81,675 57, ,675 1 Garkhakot KhanStream Rehab /6 Jajarkot Garkhakot 1,3 Kapra , ,000 10, ,000 Y Sub Total Jajarkot , ,000 10, ,000 1 Betola Spring New Bhajang Dangaji 31 Betola ,664 80, , ,958 Y 3 6 3,792 2 Thapagaon New Thapagaun , , ,014 1,315,314 Y 3 6 4,384 3 Pipalkot New Pipalkot , ,455 61, ,210 Y 3 6 2,149 Sub Total Bhajang ,657, , ,318 2,975,482 1 Gaurakada Spring Rehab Mugu Pulu Gaurakada , , ,000.0 Y 3 6 3,091 2 Palta Spring Rehab Pina Palta , , ,000.0 Y 3 6 4,951 Sub Total Mugu , ,000 1,020,000 Grand total 673 2,584 2,753 7,281,480 7,281,480 4,616,472 1,864,198 5, UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

107 Annex 6 List of water supply projects with improved functionality implemented by the Federation of Drinking Water and Sanitation Users Nepal Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) Annual Progress Update Form (Form # 1) (Functionality Status of Water Supply Projects 2012/2013) S. No New/ Rehab* Start Year (Nepali) Completion Year (Nepali) District Location VDC/ Municipality 1 Nagi WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Nagi 2 Phidim WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phidim 3 Kaduri Yangnam WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Yangnam 4 Nangin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Nangin 5 Kaule Ektin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Ektin 6 Kagate Bhulke Ektin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Ektin 7 Hingkula salungfangbung WS Minor Repair Panchthar salungfangbung Project 8 Tinghare tole chilingdin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar chilingdin 9 Phaktep WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phaktep 10 Ektin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Ektin 11 Chokmagu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Chokmagu 12 Andheri Chokmagu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Chokmagu 13 Pauwasartap WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Pauwasartap 14 Simsare chilingdin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar chilingdin 15 Yakmes chilingdin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar chilingdin 16 Hittlengwa chilingdin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar chilingdin 17 Kaldasi Phaktep WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phaktep 18 Phaktep WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phaktep 19 Sidin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Sidin Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 105

108 20 Phidim WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phidim 21 Nawakhola Rabi WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Rabi 22 Kurumba WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Kurumba 23 Kurumba WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Kurumba 24 Nangin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Nangin 25 NRS Tharpu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Tharpu 26 Tharpu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Tharpu 27 Panchami WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Panchami 28 Pauwasartap WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Pauwasartap 29 Newa salungfangbung WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar salungfangbung 30 Lumchichiwa chilingdin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar chilingdin 31 Tharpu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Tharpu 32 Labrekuti Chokmagu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Chokmagu 33 Siwa WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Siwa 34 Kaule Lunrupa WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Lunrupa 35 Bharapa WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Bharapa 36 Bharapa WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Bharapa 37 Yangnam WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Yangnam 38 Nigale WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Nagi 39 Chuchedhunga Chokmagu WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Chokmagu 40 Hyakule Phidim WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Phi 41 Nangin WS Project Minor Repair Panchthar Nangin 42 Ratamate Barre WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Barre Minor Repair Udayapur 43 Apkhole Triyuga WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Triyuga 44 Kathahare Rupatar WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Rupatar 45 Rupatar WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Rupatar 46 Okhle WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Okhle 47 Panchawati WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Panchawati 48 Malwase Pokhari WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Pokhari 49 Bhalayadanda WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Bhalayadanda 50 Iname WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Iname 51 Murkuchi Rauta WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Rauta 52 Chatikharka Triyuga WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Triyuga 53 Rauta WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Rauta 106 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

109 54 Bhalayadanda WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Bhalayadanda 55 Katari WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Katari 56 Barre WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Barre 57 Siddipur WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Siddipur 58 Katari WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Katari 59 Khabu WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Khabu 60 Risku WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Risku 61 Bhalayadanda WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Bhalayadanda 62 Sirise WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Sirise 63 Tawasri WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Tawasri 64 Panchawati WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Panchawati 65 Tawasri WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Tawasri 66 Panchawati WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Panchawati 67 Saune WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Saune 68 Sirise WS Project Minor Repair Udayapur Sirise 69 Baghmare WS Project Minor Repair Dang Baghmare 70 Syuna WS Project Minor Repair Dang Syuna 71 Baghmare WS Project Minor Repair Dang Baghmare 72 Narayanpur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Narayanpur 73 Baghmare WS Project Minor Repair Dang Baghmare 74 Baghmare WS Project Minor Repair Dang Baghmare 75 Narayanpur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Narayanpur 76 Pawannagar WS Project Minor Repair Dang Pawannagar 77 Pawannagar WS Project Minor Repair Dang Pawannagar 78 Loharpani WS Project Minor Repair Dang Loharpani 79 Satbariya WS Project Minor Repair Dang Satbariya 80 Rampur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Rampur 81 Lalmatiya WS Project Minor Repair Dang Lalmatiya 82 Laxmipur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Laxmipur 83 Gobadiya WS Project Minor Repair Dang Gobadiya 84 Hapur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Hapur 85 JhakridhungaWS Project Minor Repair Dang Jhakridhunga 86 tulsipur WS Project Minor Repair Dang tulsipur 87 Pawannagar WS Project Minor Repair Dang Pawannagar 88 Laxmipur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Laxmipur 89 Kabhre WS Project Minor Repair Dang Kabhre 90 Hansapur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Hansapur 91 Rampur WS Project Minor Repair Dang Rampur Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 107

110 92 Syuja WS Project Minor Repair Dang Syuja 93 Gobadiya WS Project Minor Repair Dang Gobadiya 94 Syalpakha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Syalpakha 95 Purtimkanda WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Purtimkanda 96 Kakri WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Kakri 97 Khara WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khara 98 Sankh WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Sankh 99 Arma WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Arma 100 Baphikot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Baphikot 101 Baphikot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Baphikot 102 Peugha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Peugha 103 Rukumkot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Rukumkot 104 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 105 Nuwakot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Nuwakot 107 Rukumkot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Rukumkot 108 Rugha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Rugha 109 Rugha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Rugha 110 Jhula WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Jhula 111 Jhula WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Jhula 112 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 113 Khara WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khara 114 Syalpakha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Syalpakha 115 Simli WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Simli 116 Tharpu WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Tharpu 117 Tharadhunga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Tharadhunga 118 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 119 Rukumkot WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Rukumkot 120 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 121 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 122 Jhula WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Jhula 123 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Khalanga 124 Peugha WS Project Minor Repair Rukum Peugha 125 Jhapra WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Jhapra Minor Repair Jajarkot 126 Baskhola WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Baskhola 127 Jungakhola WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Jungakhola 128 Karkigaun WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Karkigaun 108 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

111 129 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Khalanga 130 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Khalanga Minor Repair Jajarkot 131 Paik WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Paik 132 Pajaru WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Pajaru 133 Thalaraikar WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Thalaraikar 134 Paik WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Paik 135 Archhani WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Archhani 136 Bhur WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Bhur 137 Daha WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Daha 138 Jagatipur WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Jagatipur 139 Paik WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Paik 140 Suwanauli WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Suwanauli 141 Archhani WS Project Minor Repair Jajarkot Archhani 142 Pharsewads WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 143 Tangeni WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 144 Okhar Pata WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 145 Gadhmala WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 146 Bhaisiodhar WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 147 Chulelgaun WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 148 Dam WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 149 Ranisim WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 150 Chisapani WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 151 Raute WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 152 Mugra WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 153 Kaleodhar WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 154 Talilopa WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 155 Bhutmare WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 156 Dhupidhara WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 157 Rawatwada WS Project Minor Repair Jumla Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 109

112 158 Pipladi WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 159 Babira WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 160 Ranka WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 161 Khalkholi WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 162 Kumdi WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 163 Muchali WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 164 Machala WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 165 Chiudi WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 166 Bajagad WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 167 Malapani WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 168 Karkikswami WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 169 Siyalwada WS Project Minor Repair Jumla 170 Badalkot WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Badalkot 171 Nanikot WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Nanikot 172 Tikhatikha Nanikot WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Nanikot 173 Kholijyulakha WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Nanikot 174 Phukot WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Phukot 175 Gairapuche WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot 176 Syuna WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Syuna 177 Bagane Syuna WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Syuna 178 Raku WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Raku 179 Ramnakot WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Ramnakot 180 Sipkhana WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Sipkhana 181 Mehalmudi WS Project Minor Repair Kalikot Mehalmudi 182 Jufal WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 183 Dunai WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 184 Sahartara WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 185 Phoksundo WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 186 Syu WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 187 Kola Tachin WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 188 Jufal 2 WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 189 Sahartara WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa Sahartara 190 Bheluwa Sahartara WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa Sahartara 191 Gofa Sahartara WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa Sahartara 192 Gumba WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 110 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

113 193 Simen WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 194 Tinje WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 195 Rimi falgaun WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa Rimi 196 Majhudanda WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 197 Rum WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 198 Tripurakot WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa 199 Rasi Tripurakot WS Project Minor Repair Dolpa Tripurakot 200 Kuldemandau WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kuldemandau 201 Jugada WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jugada 202 Jukot WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jukot 203 Kailashmandau WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kailashmandau 204 Kanda WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kanda 205 Badhu WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Badhu 206 Jaganath WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jaganath 207 Martadi WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Martadi 208 Toli WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Toli 209 Kandakota WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jagannath 210 Kotila WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kotila 211 Badhu WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Badhu 212 Martadi WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Martadi 213 Jagannath WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jagannath 214 Basala WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Basala 215 Musekhola WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jagannath 216 Gotri WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Gotri 217 Jayabageshori WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jayabageshori 218 Dogadi WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Dogadi 219 Kuldemandau WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kuldemandau 220 Jugada WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jugada 221 Achhichaur WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Achhichaur 222 JugadaRujali WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jugada 223 Martadi WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Martadi 224 Budginga WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Budginga 225 Jukot WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Jukot 226 Kailashmandau WS Project Minor Repair Bajura Kailashmandau 227 Hemantabada WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang Hemantabada 228 Kalapani WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang Kalapani 229 Dehali WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 230 Gadigaun WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 111

114 231 Batehalane WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 232 Simaltola WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 233 Lampajhapali WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 234 Dewal WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 235 CharidhungaWS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 236 Chainpur WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 237 Jegidhunga WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 238 Pithalek WS Project Minor Repair Bajhang 239 HichmaWS Project Minor Repair Achham Hichma 240 Bhatakatiya WS Project Minor Repair Achham Bhatakatiya 241 Bannatoli WS Project Minor Repair Achham Bannatoli 242 Bhatakatiya WS Project Minor Repair Achham Bhatakatiya 243 Dhungachalna WS Project Minor Repair Achham dhungachalna 244 PulletolaWS Project Minor Repair Achham Pulletola 245 Basti WS Project Minor Repair Achham Basti 246 Hichma WS Project Minor Repair Achham Hichma 247 Batulasain WS Project Minor Repair Achham Batulasain 248 Lungra WS Project Minor Repair Achham Lungra 249 Mastamandau WS Project Minor Repair Achham Mastamandau 250 Dhakari WS Project Minor Repair Achham Dhakari 251 Dhakari WS Project Minor Repair Achham Dhakari 252 Siudi WS Project Minor Repair Achham Siudi 253 Bindebasini WS Project Minor Repair Achham Bindebasini 254 Kalima WS Project Minor Repair Achham Kalima 255 Oligaun WS Project Minor Repair Achham Oligaun 256 Kunti WS Project Minor Repair Achham Kunti 257 Ridikot WS Project Minor Repair Achham Ridikot 258 Bagepani WS Project Minor Repair Achham Bagepani 259 Kalikasthan WS Project Minor Repair Achham Kalikasthan 260 Layati WS Project Minor Repair Achham Layati 261 Kalika WS Project Minor Repair Achham Kalika 262 Birpath WS Project Minor Repair Achham Birpath 263 Darna WS Project Minor Repair Achham Darna 264 Kalika WS Project Minor Repair Achham Kalika 265 Oligaun WS Project Minor Repair Achham Oligaun 266 Barala WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Barala 267 Khalanga WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Khalanga 268 Jhadigaun WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Jhadigaun 112 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

115 Nwaghar WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Nwaghar Koteli WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Koteli Sahasbhalikha WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Bhatkada WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Asigram WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Ghutal WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Malam WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Madeyun WS Project Minor Repair Dadeldhura Annex 7 List of districts with revised District Preparedness and Response Plans supported by UNICEF S.N Activities Participants Remarks M F Total 1 DPRP Review Workshop in Dailekh UNICEF/Oxfam with DLSA 2 DPRP Review Workshop in Baitadi UNICEF/Oxfam with DLSA 3 DPRP Review Workshop in Kanchanpur UNICEF/Oxfam with DLSA 4 DPRP Review Workshop in Dadeldhura UNICEF/Oxfam with DLSA 5 DPRP Review Workshop in Parsa DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 6 DPRP Review Workshop in Kotang DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 7 DPRP Review Workshop in Udayapur DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 8 DPRP Review Workshop in Dhankuta DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 9 DPRP Review Workshop in Rautahat DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 10 DPRP Review Workshop in Bara DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 11 DPRP Review Workshop in Dolkha DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 12 DPRP Review Workshop in Myagdi DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 13 DPRP Review Workshop in Banke DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 14 DPRP Review Workshop in Kalikot DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 15 DPRP Review Workshop in Acham DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 16 DPRP Review Workshop in Rupandehi DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 17 DPRP Review Workshop in Kanchanpur DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 18 DPRP Review Workshop in Mohatari DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA 19 DPRP Review Workshop in Dhanusha DWSS/UNICEF with DLSA Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 113

116 Annex 8a Mapping of water sources in Kathmandu Valley conducted by the Kathmandu Valley Water Supply Management Project 114 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

117 Annex 8b Inventory of Deep Well located in periphery of 83 IDP sites registered by the government in Kathmandu Valley Sn IDP Site Size Shallow wells (within 200m radius) Deep wells (within 500m radius) 1 Airport Central Dojo sq M Large 1 St. Sp 5 List of deep wells Golf club, Airport hotel, Yeti airlines, KUKL, KKMC 2 Airport Golf Club Site 200,000 sq M (approx.) None 0 3 Adarsa Azad Higher Secondary School 2171 sq M 8 CM, 3 St. Sp 0 4 ANFA Football Ground North sq M ANFA Football Ground South sq M 0 4 B&B hospital, Swimming pool, ANFA, Saykar Company 6 Bagmati Corridor sq M 0 2 Horticulture, NK water supply 7 Bagmati Corridor sq M 0 3 Horticulture, Charrka Khane pani Supplier, joshi Water supplier 8 Bagmati Corridor sq M 0 3 Horticulture, Charrka Khane pani Supplier, joshi Water supplier 9 Bagmati Corridor sq M 0 2 Sukrajar tropical hospital, Signature apartment 10 Bagmati Corridor sq M (approx.) 0 3 Singature apartment, Nepal eye hospital, saket complex 11 Bagmati Corridor sq M Bagmati Corridor sq M 0 1 Aqua nirmal 13 Balmiki Vidyapith 2000 sq M 0 1 NEA 14 Basu School 2625 sq M 5 St.SP, 25 CW 0 15 Bhaktapur Bhahumukhi Campus Bhaktapur Darbar Square sq M 4 St.Sp, 46 CW 1 Bhaktapur hospital 56 St.Sp, 2025CW sq M 17 Bhandarkhal sq M 1 St. Sp 7 Pashupati Bikash Kosh 18 Bhelukhel 4659 sq M 35 St. Sp, 1215CW 0 19 Bhirkuti Mandap sq M 1 St. sp 3 NEA, Rastraya Beema Sanstha, Rastrya banijya Bank 20 Birendra Sainik School sq M 0 1 Bhaktapur hospital 21 Dasrath Stadium sq M 9 China Towm, Civil Trade center, KMC, Star mall, Saket Compley, Eye hospital,dasarth Stadium, Blue Bird Mark Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 115

118 22 Datattratya 1937 sq M 4 St. Sp, 10 15CW 1 Khwopo Eng. College 23 DWSS sq M 0 1 BASP 24 Election Commission sq M 23 8 End of Airport Site 25 (Civil Aviation 2) sq M 0 3 Garden of dream, Hotel Annapurna, casino anna, Jyoti Bhawan, Sherpa Mall, Shakyar Homes, Hotel garuda, Hotel Gautam KUKL, Bhatbhatine Suparmark, Kotdevi Khane pani 26 Gokarna Golf Club Site sq M 0 1 inside resort 27 Gokul Chaur sq M 2 KUSOM, KUKL Shrijana Pure Drinking water, 28 Himal Cement Company sq M 0 2 Chakrathali Group 29 Hyatt Regency Hotel sq M 0 5 Hyatt residency, Hotel Tibet, KUKL, Bhatbhateni Supermark, KL tower Central zoo, St. Mary's school, 30 Jawalkhel Football Ground 6000 sq M 0 6 DAV, NTC, Irrigation department, Administrative Staff college 31 Khwopa College sq M 5St.Sp, 58CW 1 CTL pharma 32 Khwopa Engineering College sq M 3 St 2 Khwopo Eng. College, KUKL jagati 33 Kwathandu 1531 sq M 34 Lagankhel Football Ground sq M 58 2 patan industrial, patan hospital 35 Lagankhel Stupa sq M 58 2 patan industrial, patan hospital 36 Lalitpur Muncipality Office 5000 sq M 3 St.Sp 0 37 Madan Smarak 5000 sq M 1012CW 7 38 Maheshwori Football Ground 8354 sq M 39 Modern Indian School sq M 0 2 Irrigation department, Hotel Oasis, Lalitpur Bishal Bazar, Karmacharya Sanchaya Kosh, Sajha yatayat, Bhatbhantini, Pulchok eng. Campus 45 st.sp, 1518 CW 1 Khwopo eng college NK water supplier, Modern indiam school 40 Nagpohari sq M 0Jan 10 Jay nepal, Agrawal Bhawan, NIDC, Shushri Apartment, Standard finance,naxal Complex, Sanima bank (2), Lumbini bank (2) 41 NARC sq M 0 2 NARC, Patan Industrial state 42 Nasamana 762 sq M 24St.sp, 15 20CW 0 Centuary complex, HAMA, Vibor bank, Nepal Academy, grand bank, Himalayan bank, kumari hall, Russian cultural center, siddartha bank, agarwal bhawan, Laxmi bank, Yak & yeti Hotel, Sherpa mall, Nabil Bank, Bank of kathmandu, Arnnapurna Casino, Hotel Royal 43 National Academy sq M 0 18 Singhi 116 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

119 44 Nepal Bal Mandir sq M Oxygenation Park sq M 0 4 Padma Higher 46 Secondary School 2500 sq M 0 47 Padma Kanya Campus sq M Pashupati sq M 2 St.sp Pashupati sq M 2 St.sp 9 0 Pashupati sq M 1 St. Sp 8 12 Pashupati sq M 1 St. Sp Pashupati sq M Pulchowk Engg. College sq M 58 7 Lumbini bank (2), Sanima bank, Shushri Apartment, Naxal Complex, Brishaspati Vidya sadan, Central School Deaf, Bal Mandir, K.J. Properties, Joshi Khanepani, Charkha Khanapani, NK watersupplies, Modern Indian National Life Insurance, Centuary bank, Hama Complex, Vibor Bank, Nepal Academy, Grand bank, Vibor bank, Himalayan bank, BOK, hotel royal singhi, Landmark apartment Pashupati Bikash Kosh (8), Bal basera, Maiti Nepal, Tilganga eye hospital, Soltee crown plaza, Prakasan sanyas ashram (2), Maiti Nepal, Bal basera, Soltee hotel, Tilganga eye hospital, Hotel Maharaja, Pashupati bikash kosh (2) Kumari saving, Ambe apartment, Marwadi sewa samittee, Bhatta Baje Niwas, Pashupati Bikash Kosh (4) Kumari saving, Ambe apartment, Soltee Crown plaza, Marwadi sewa samittee, Bhatta Baje Niwas, Pashupati Bikash Kosh (4), Tilganga eye hospital, hotel maharaja Gausala Dharmasala, Hotel Maharaja, Soltee crown plaza, Madwori sewa samittee, pashupati bikas kosh (6) Hotel osasis, Lalitpur bishal bazar, Karmacharya sanchaya kosh, Bhatbhatine, Pulchok eng college, Hotel himalaya,sajhaya yatayat 54 Pulchowk Engg. College sq M 58 7 Hotel osasis, Lalitpur bishal bazar, Karmacharya sanchaya kosh, Bhatbhatine, Pulchok eng college, Hotel himalaya,sajhaya yatayat 55 Rastriya Sabha Griha 1 St. Sp 2 Birhospital, NEA 56 Ratna Park sq M 1 St. Sp 2 NEA, Birhospital 57 Ringroad Maharajgunj Chabahil sq M 0 4 KUKL, Kundalini club, Grand apartment, Dhumbarahi apartment 58 Ringroad Balaju Kalanki sq M 0 3 Hydrosolution, Sano bharyang (2) Ringroad Balkumari 59 Gwarko sq M 0 3 KUKL, KUSOM, Wester properties 60 Ringroad Ekantakuna Balkhu sq M 1 St. Sp 1 Sunrise developer Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 117

120 61 62 Ringroad Gwarko Satdobato sq M 0 3 Ringroad Maharajgunj Balaju sq M 0 3 B&B hospital, ANFA, Swimming complex KUKL, Green city hospital, Kantipur dental college 63 Ringroad Satdobato Ekantakuna sq M 58CW 0 64 RONAST sq M 0 3 NARC, White house, Swimming pool complex 65 Royal Golf Club sq M Sallaghari Tinkune sq M 34CW 2 Nepo textile, Bhadgau wollen 67 Sano Gaucharan sq M 58CW 5 Brishpati vidya sadan, Deaf school, bal mandir, Nepal academy lalit kala, K.J Properties 68 Saraswati Vidyagriha 2895 sq M 1520CW 1 CTL pharma KUKL, Kundalini club, Grand 69 Shankha Park sq M 0 4 apartment, Dhumbarahi apartment 70 Sifal Ground 7182 sq M 25CW 2 Pashupati bikash kosh (2) 71 Sinamangal Site Civil Aviation sq M 0 7 Prakash sanyas ashram (2), airport hotel, yak & yeti, Stupa housing, KUKL, Kathmandu Medical college 72 Social Welfare Council sq M 23CW St. Mary's School 5600 sq M St. Xavier School 9300 sq M 25CW 9 75 Suryamadi 795 sq M 1520CW 0 76 Talako 500 sq M 1520CW 0 77 Taumadi 1998 sq M 1015CW 0 Garden of dream, Hotel Shakti, Hotel Norbu linka, Hotel Malla (2), Samsora resort, Hotel Malla (2), Amrit science campus, DDC, Lainchaur banquet, Hotel ambasdor Mercury apartment, Bajra hotel, Ideal model school, vibor apartment, Subha tara school, St. Mary's, DAV, Central Zoo, NTC, Lalitpur nursing college Ideal model school, vibor apartment, Subha tara school, St. Mary's, DAV, Central Zoo, NTC, Irrigation department, Administrative college 78 Tibetan Refugee Camp 5982 sq M 58CW 1 Administrative staff college Corporate tower, Kantipur 79 Tin Kune sq M 0 3 publication, Neupane tower 80 Tribhuwan University sq M UN Park Gusingal sq M 25CW 3 Sukrajar tropical hospital, Signature apartment 82 UN Park jwagal sq M 0 1 Rosebud school 83 Vidyarthi Niketan 1015St. Sp, 1015 CM UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

121 Annex 9 List of public schools with WASH facilities and software supported by UNICEF (Detail sheet with school list by district is annexed as excel sheet) SN District Total No of Schools Baseline 2010 School coverage Total Remarks 2011 Budget 2012 Budget 2013 Budget Schools Budget Software in 20 schools through NRCS 1 Bajhang Bajura Dadeldhura ,575, ,946, Achham ,887, , Dang ,976, Rukum , Software in 30 schools through NRCS 7 Jajarkot Software in 30 schools through NRCS 8 Mugu ,000, , Humla Jumla ,285, Kalikot , Dolpa , Parsa , , only Software in 30 schools through NRCS 13 Chitwan ,749, N'Parasi , Kapilvastu , Kaski ,715, Tanahu , ,009, Udayapur ,260, , Saptari , Hardware and software 21 Panchthar ,338, Hardware and software 22 Kavre , Rautahat only Software in 30 schools through NRCS 24 Mahottari only Software in 30 schools through NRCS 25 Bara only Software in 30 schools through NRCS 26 Siraha only Software in 30 schools through NRCS 27 Rolpa only Software in 23 schools through NRCS 28 Bhojpur only Software in 47 schools through NRCS 29 Khotang only Software in 24 schools through NRCS Grand total ,163, ,785, ,137, Annexes UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 119

122 Annex 10 Programme Financial Information (IR wise Planning and Expenditure ) Summary Budget and Expenditure by Programme Components in 2011, 2012 and 2013 Program components Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2011 in USD Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2012 in USD Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in 2013 in USD Planning Ceiling and Requisitioned Amount in in USD Total Requisitioned Amount in USD upto 2013 Planning Ceiliing Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiliing Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiliing Requisitioned Amount Planning Ceiliing Requisitioned Amount Finish Funds UNICEF Total IR 1: One harmonised national WASH sector program is fully operational and sector finacing strategy operationalised to target the marganinalised and unserved people 500, , , , , ,336 1,300,000 1,332, , ,057 1,332,228 Remarks 120 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

123 IR 2: H/Hsin most disadvataged and less served VDCs have increased access to improved sanitation and water supply through coordinated district level WASH programmes IR 4: All children in Nepal have access to Child Friendly Schools (including school WASH facilities) IR 3: Improved interagency collaboration, GoN leadership and capacity on emergency preparedness and response. IR 5: Families especially from the disadvantaged group adopting basic care prctices ad health and hygien behaviours Total amount (USD) Annexes 800,000 1,834,521 1,000,000 2,515, ,000 2,620,777 2,400,000 8,183,109 5,726,449 2,456,661 8,183,109 This cumulative cost includes water supply, ODF, School WASH and capacity building* 1,100,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 3,800, , , , , , , , , , , , ,000 2,400, , , , ,939 There is a significant private sector participation in this IR and it is also related with IR2 & 4 3,500,000 3,143,130 3,800,000 3,881,033 3,500,000 3,347,113 10,800,000 10,371,276 6,511,894 3,859,381 10,371,276 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland 121

124 Annex 11 Case study from Panchthar District Villagers Embrace Toilets as Government Seeks to Declare Nepal Free of Open Defecation by 2017 KATHMANDU, NEPAL Villagers are collecting cement, pebbles, iron rods and pipes in Panchthar, a district in eastern Nepal. They are building toilets for their homes. Menuka Sharma, 40, constructed her family s first toilet in March None of my previous generations ever used a toilet. I am fortunate enough to use a toilet at this old age. I can close the door and defecate now without fear. Maya Limbu, 67 said, We did not have any toilet, nor felt the necessity of it for generations, Sharma says. Sharma built a toilet under pressure from the Memeng village development committee, a local administrative body. It cost her 30,000 Nepalese rupees ($315). On insistence of the VDC, Sharma says, I was forced to construct one, which cost me quite some money enough to feed my family for a year. But Sharma and her family members did not use the new toilet at first because they did not know how, she says. Instead, they continued to defecate in fields, corners, creeks and forests. Initially, we thought it unnecessary to build a house for a toilet, she says. However, we are now happy to use it. Access to an enclosed toilet has increased Sharma s sense of dignity, she says. If any male family member, neighbor or relative would see me defecating in an open place, I would be terribly ashamed and avoid them for many days, Sharma says. These days, however, I go to the closed toilet without any hesitation whatsoever. The government and nongovernmental organizations are working together to ensure that every home has a toilet and rural areas are free of open defecation. Citizens with new toilets say their construction has made life easier. But poverty, illiteracy and sociocultural traditions leave some citizens resistant, so the local government is imposing social sanctions to persuade them to build toilets in their homes. To make the initiative sustainable, government representatives and health workers call for more education about the importance of sanitation in hopes of eliminating diseases and the staggering medical costs that open defecation causes. 122 UNICEF Nepal, Third Progress Report 2013 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland