The United States in World War II

Transcription

1 Date CHAPTER 17 Form B CHAPTER TEST The United States in World War II Part 1: Main Ideas Write the letter of the answer that best completes each sentence. (4 points each) 1. The problem of was targeted by the Office of Price Administration. a. inflation c. depression b. recession d. unemployment 2. To protest discrimination, organized a march on Washington on July 1, a. Franklin D. Roosevelt c. General George Marshall b. Harry S. Truman d. A. Phillip Randolph 3. General led the Third Army into Paris to liberate the city from German occupation. a. George Patton c. Douglas MacArthur b. George Marshall d. Dwight D. Eisenhower 4. The Battle of the Bulge was significant because it marked the. a. last German offensive c. Allies first victory in a land battle b. liberation of the death camps d. Axis powers first loss in a land battle 5. The Allied invasion of was given the code name D-Day. a. Japan c. North Africa b. Italy d. Nazi-occupied Europe 6. V-E Day, or May 8, 1945, was the day when. a. the United States entered the war c. Germany surrendered b. Allied forces invaded France d. the Soviets stopped the Germans at the Volga 7. When forced to abandon the Philippines, made the vow, I shall return. a. Hideki Tojo c. Douglas MacArthur b. Chester Nimitz d. Franklin D. Roosevelt 8. Truman s aim in deciding to drop the atomic bomb was to. a. find out how destructive the bomb really was b. teach Japanese military leaders a lesson c. end the war and save American lives d. show how powerful the United States was 9. Nisei who lived on the West Coast were subjected to during the war. a. interrogation c. torture b. internment d. compensation 326 Unit 5, Chapter 17

2 10. With respect to finding better jobs, the war years marked a period of for African Americans. a. decline c. stagnation b. advance d. uncertainty Part 2: Map Skills Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each) 11. Where did the Allied forces first invade Axis-controlled Europe? a. the coast of Normandy c. Paris, France b. the island of Sicily d. Anzio, Italy 12. What did the Allied forces that liberated Paris do next? a. They attacked German forces in Italy. c. They fought their way east toward Germany. b. They marched toward Austria. d. They retreated to Great Britain. 13. How long did the Battle of Stalingrad last? a. about one week c. about two months b. about three weeks d. about five months 14. When did the Russian offensive begin and end? a. It began in 1941 and ended in c. It began in 1943 and ended in. b. It began in 1941 and ended in d. It began in 1943 and ended in Allied Advances in Europe and North Africa, N Axis Powers Axis-controlled Allied territory Neutral countries Allied advances Major battles ATLANTIC OCEAN Operation Torch Nov. 4, 1942 PORTUGAL Casablanca MOROCCO SPAIN IRELAND FRANCE North Sea GREAT BRITAIN London BEL. Normandy invasion June 6, ALGERIA Aug. 45 GERMANY LUX. SWITZ. NORWAY Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, DENMARK Jan. 31, 1945 NETH. Paris liberated Aug. 25, Algiers 1943 SWEDEN B a ltic 1945 S e a AUSTRIA HUNGARY Mediterranean Sea LIBYA FINLAND ESTONIA LATVIA LITH. POLAND Nov ROMANIA BULGARIA Corsica Rome Anzio liberated ALBANIA June 4, Salerno Sardinia GREECE Tunis TUNISIA Berlin surrendered May 2, 1945 I T A L Y CZECHOSLOVAKIA YUGOSLAVIA Sicily East Prussia Warsaw Leningrad besieged Sept Jan. 19, Kiev SOVIET UNION 1943 Black Sea Cyprus Cairo El-Alamein Oct. 23 Nov. 5, 1942 EGYPT Moscow Germans repulsed Dec Stalingrad Aug. 21, 1942 Jan. 31, 1943 TURKEY LEBANON PALESTINE SYRIA TRANS- JORDAN SAUDI ARABIA Caspian Sea The United States in World War II 327

3 15. What area did Allied troops invade in 1942? a. France c. Spain b. Yugoslavia d. North Africa Use the map on page 327 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (5 points each) 16. How does this map demonstrate that Stalingrad was a critical battle of the war? 17. Judging from the map, why was victory in North Africa essential to an invasion of southern Europe? Part 3: Document-Based Questions Historical Context: On D-Day, Allied troops landed at five different beaches on the coast of Normandy, in northern France. The German defense of Normandy was ferocious, especially at Omaha Beach. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. (4 points each) Document 1 Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world. Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely. But this is the year! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking. Dwight D. Eisenhower Order of the day for June 5, 328 Unit 5, Chapter 17

4 18. According to Eisenhower s order, why should the troops about to invade Normandy feel confident, even though their enemy will fight savagely? Document 2 Omaha Beach, D-Day morning, June 6, 19. What does the photograph tell you about how soldiers got ashore during the Normandy invasion? The United States in World War II 329

5 Document 3 Our men simply could not get past the beach. They were pinned down right on the water s edge by an inhuman wall of fire from the bluff. Our first waves were on that beach for hours, instead of a few minutes, before they could begin working inland.... The first crack in the beach defenses was finally accomplished by terrific and wonderful naval gunfire, which knocked out the big emplacements [longrange artillery built into the bluffs].... When the heavy fire stopped, our men were organized by their officers and pushed on inland, circling machine-gun nests and taking them from the rear. As one officer said, the only way to take a beach is to face it and keep going. It is costly at first, but it s the only way. If the men are pinned down on the beach, dug in and out of action, they might as well not be there at all. They hold up the waves behind them, and nothing is being gained. Our men were pinned down for a while, but finally they stood up and went through, and so we took that beach and accomplished our landing. We did it with every advantage on the enemy s side and every disadvantage on ours These units that were so battered and went through such hell are still, right at this moment, pushing on inland without rest, their spirits high, their egotism in victory almost reaching the smart-alecky stage.... Which proves that, while their judgment in this regard is bad, they certainly have the spirit that wins battles and eventually wars. from a war dispatch by reporter Ernie Pyle at Omaha Beach 20. According to Pyle s description, why is a beach invasion costly at first? 21. What do you think was on the mind of ordinary enlisted men as they took part in the invasion of Normandy? How might their thoughts be different just before the battle, at the end of the first day, and after the invasion moved inland? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing examples and evidence from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) 330 Unit 5, Chapter 17

6 Part 4: Extended Response Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each) 22. What opportunities, adjustments, and tensions did the war create for Americans? Do you think most of the changes were positive for American society? Think About: economic gains return of servicemen to civilian life discrimination experienced by minorities 23. At the Nuremberg trials, top Nazi officials defended their actions during the Holocaust by claiming that they were following orders. Do you agree with this defense? Explain your answer. Think About: the Nazis attempts to destroy evidence what the Nazis represented the extent of their crimes The United States in World War II 331