Chapter 2: The Nuclear Age

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1 Chapter 2: The Nuclear Age

2 President Truman and the Bomb

3 Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Nagasaki August 9, 1945

4 Reasons for the Atomic Bombs Save American Lives End the war with Japan Revenge for Pearl Harbor

5 Cold War Reason Need to Gain Influence and Allies

6 Russia Wants A Piece of Japan US has to beat Japan before the Soviets enter WWII Have to fight Japan to occupy Japan

7 US Gets Sole Control of Japan US has a nuke and is not afraid to use it! Atomic Bomb (1945) and Nuclear Monopoly

8 American Nuclear Leverage

9 A Nuclear Bully

10 Nuclear Leverage Test Case: West Berlin

11 Why did Stalin not directly challenge American forces in Berlin?

12 Truman: Berlin Crisis ( ) Soviet Blockade US: Berlin Airlift -US saved Berlin and Soviets could not stop it

13 US Victory but... Soviet Union (1949) Atomic Bomb Test

14 The Cat is Out of the Nuclear Bag Expectation is to use / threaten nukes

15 The Korean War (1950)

16 General MacArthur Wanted to Use Nuclear Weapons Truman Did Not Want to Use Nukes

17 Truman Fired MacArthur: 1951 What role do nukes have in war?

18 The Nuclear Race Continues Hello Hydrogen Bombs 1000 times more powerful than A-Bombs

19 President Dwight Eisenhower Secretary of State John Foster Dulles

20 Putting All Your Eggs in One Nuclear Basket

21 Nuclear Buildup more bang for your buck Nuclear Weapons , ,229 Building Up Our Nuclear Leverage

22 Brinkmanship -Secretary of State Dulles Victory goes to him who can keep his nerve to the last 15 minutes.

23 I shall go to Korea

24 Korean War Armistice July 27, 1953 The President s patience is wearing thin and finally saying that if the logjam is not broken, it will lead to the use of nukes.

25 Brinkmanship worked but North Korean Atomic Test

26 Taiwan Strait Crisis (1954 and 1958)

27 Brinkmanship and the Taiwan Straits VS. IKE and Chiang Mao

28 IKE Had Taiwan s Back Mutual Defense Treaty (1954) Formosa Resolution (1955) Flew bombers with nuclear weapons Tested nuclear weapons in Pacific Conducted domestic nuclear drills IKE A-bombs can be used as you would a bullet. Ordered massive airlift to Taiwan 7th Fleet naval escorts

29 Brinkmanship worked but Chinese Atomic Test

30 President Kennedy and Nukes ICBMs

31 Nuclear Leverage Test Case Again: West Berlin Berlin will be a free city -Nikita Khrushchev (1961)

32 JFK Prepared for War Added 3.25 million for defense Increased army, navy, and air force Tripled draft quotas Called up reserves Expanded funding for civil defense

33 Berlin Wall Construction Started August 13, 1961

34 Checkpoint Charlie October 27, 1961

35 Checkpoint Charlie After 16 hours of negotiations, the Soviets agreed to withdraw: 5-10 meters

36 JFK: Nuclear Leverage Worked West Berlin Stayed in US hands

37 Why did Khrushchev have to back down first in Berlin? United States has a better first nuclear strike capability in Europe

38 Can the Soviets hit the United States with a large and quick missile strike in 1962? NO

39 Cuban Missile Crisis October 14 28, 1962

40 October 14, 1962 (U-2 Pictures)

41 Soviet Missile Range Each missile has the equivalent of 50 Hiroshima bombs

42 JFK Response: DEFCON 3 October 22, 1962

43 Defense Condition Ladder DEFCON 5: Peacetime military readiness DEFCON 4: Increased intelligence and heighten national security measures DEFCON 3: Force readiness DEFCON 2: Further force readiness DEFCON 1: Maximum readiness

44 JFK Response: Quarantine October 22, 1962 No new nukes entered Cuba

45 October 23 Khrushchev s Warning US actions could lead to nuclear war

46 No New Nukes But Still Have Some

47 October 25: DEFCON 2

48 Defense Condition Ladder DEFCON 5: Peacetime military readiness DEFCON 4: Increased intelligence and heighten national security measures DEFCON 3: Force readiness DEFCON 2: Further force readiness DEFCON 1: Maximum readiness

49 Even Closer to Nuclear War Than We Realized Havana Conference (1992) October 26 USS Beale vs. B-39 Soviet Sub

50 CMC: Nuclear War Scenario Soviet sub destroys US ship with nuke US nukes Cuba Soviets nuke Western Europe (Berlin) US nukes Soviet Union US wins!!!!

51 JFK: Nuclear Leverage Worked Soviets Agreed to Withdraw Missiles from Cuba

52 Improved Soviet-American Relations No nuclear war now talking Missile removal Cuba and Turkey Hot Line established Limited Test Ban Treaty Wheat sales increased

53

54 Nixon: The Madman -wanted to appear unpredictable

55 Nixon, Nukes, and Vietnam Possible introduction of nuclear weapons in Vietnam Operation Duck Hook

56 Operation Giant Lance US bombers flew near Alaska Wanted USSR to relay the message to NV

57 Nuclear Leverage Did Not Work

58 Nixon and the Middle East Yom Kippur War (October 6, 1973) Egypt and Syria attacked Israel Soviets pressed for US-USSR peace effort

59 Nixon s View of Soviet Intervention in the Middle East DEFCON 3 This is the most serious thing since the Cuban Missile Crisis.

60 Nuclear Leverage Worked But was it worth it?

61 Mutually Assured Destruction

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