MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

Transcription

1 MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2 II. DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY LEVELS 2 A. Level 1 Minor Emergency 2 B. Level II Major Emergency 2 C. Level III Disaster 2 III. RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES 3 A. Statement of Principles and Priorities 3 B. Responding to Level I Emergencies 3 C. Responding to Level II and III emergencies 3 1. Emergency Leadership Team 4 2. Potential Emergency Operations Team Members and Their Roles 4 3. Emergency Communications System 5 IV. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROTOCOLS 7 A. Leadership Team Procedures 7 B. Specific Response Scenarios 7 C. Responsibilities of Classroom Faculty and Department Supervisors 9 D. Emergency Planning Procedures for Students and Employees with Disabilities 10 E. Marymount Emergency Supplies and Equipment 11 F. Personal Emergency Kit 11 G. Emergency Communications 12 H. Threat Assessment Team 13 I. Training of Campus Community and Emergency Preparedness Drills 14 J. Continuity of Operations Plans and Departmental Emergency Protocols 14 K. Building Emergency Liaisons 14 1

2 MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN I. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE In the event of an emergency, Marymount University s primary concerns are ensuring the safety and well-being of its students, faculty, and staff; protecting University property and resources; restoring academic programs and student services; and safeguarding the integrity of the institution. The purpose of this crisis management plan is to provide a process for effectively anticipating, managing, and evaluating emergencies; establish within the University and its departments responsibilities and authority for handling emergency situations; establish procedures for the University and its departments to follow in responding to emergency situations, including the coordination of disaster operations and the management of critical resources; encourage a culture of personal responsibility. II. DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY LEVELS For the purposes of this plan, emergency situations are categorized as follows. Response protocols vary depending on the nature of the situation. A. Level I - Minor Emergency A minor emergency is any accident or incident, potential or actual, that is limited in scope and does not pose a general threat to the safety or welfare of the campus community. Examples include individual student emergencies (e.g. medical/mental health emergency, a fistfight between two students); a hazardous material spill with effects limited to a single small area; etc. B. Level II - Major Emergency A major emergency is any incident, potential or actual, that affects buildings; threatens the safety of the campus community; and/or has the potential to disrupt campus operations. Examples include a bomb threat, fire, severe storm, or extensive power outage. Outside emergency services are likely to be required, as well as major efforts from various campus units. C. Level III - Disaster A disaster is a major event or occurrence that poses a significant threat to the health and welfare of the campus community and impairs or halts the operations of the University. In some cases, personal casualties or severe property damage may be sustained. Examples include a flu pandemic, terrorist attack, or shooting incident on campus. Outside emergency services will be essential, and a coordinated effort of all campus-wide resources will be required to effectively address the situation. 2

3 III. RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES A. Statement of Principles and Priorities Marymount University s response to any emergency situation will be guided by the following principles and priorities. The University is committed to 1. preserving human life; 2. safeguarding human health and safety; 3. protecting University property and, where possible, personal property; 4. providing accurate information and ensuring the integrity of the institution; 5. maintaining or restoring University programs and services. B. Responding to Level I Emergencies Unless otherwise directed by the University President, the responsibility for coordinating Marymount s response to a Level I emergency rests with the Vice President of the specific area involved or with an individual that he/she has designated to respond to specific types of situations. (For example, the Vice President for Student Development may assign the Dean for Student Development and Engagement to coordinate the response to Level I emergencies involving students.) The individual responsible for handling the situation will contact local emergency responders (e.g. EMT, police) if needed and request that other campus offices (e.g. Campus Safety, Physical Plant, Student Health Center) provide assistance and support as necessary. In all cases where a Level I emergency has occurred, the responding individual will inform his/her Vice President of the situation as soon as possible; it is the responsibility of the Vice President to follow up on the incident by providing reports to the President of the University and to the Vice President for Communications if there is a likelihood of the incident attracting media attention. The Vice President for Communications will provide advice as to whether any notification to the campus community relative to the situation is advisable; Because Level I emergencies do not involve a threat to the safety or welfare of the campus community at large, such notification will generally not be necessary. C. Responding to Level II and III Emergencies When a Level II or III emergency occurs, Marymount s Emergency Leadership Team will be called together by the President or his designee to guide the University through the situation. The Emergency Leadership Team is responsible for making decisions that will best safeguard the members of the Marymount community, protect University property and manage resources, keep internal and external constituents informed, and restore programs and services. 3

4 1. Emergency Leadership Team The President or, in his/her absence, the Provost or another designated Vice President will serve as team leader, with decision-making authority. All Vice Presidents and the Director of Campus Safety and Emergency Management are members of the Emergency Leadership Team. When called together by the team leader, the Emergency Leadership Team will assemble at a central location (the President s Conference Room in the Main House, the Campus Safety Emergency Operations Center, or an alternate site designated by the team leader if both of these locations are inaccessible). If the emergency occurs outside business hours or other circumstances dictate, the Emergency Leadership Team may initially communicate via conference call or text. The Emergency Leadership Team will assess the situation and determine whether an Emergency Operations Team should be assembled in order to address the emergency effectively. The Emergency Operations Team will be formulated on a situation-specific basis and will include some or all of the following individuals, as needed: 2. Potential Emergency Operations Team Members and Their Roles Director of Campus Safety and Emergency Management or his/her designee coordinates first response; has the authority to immediately notify police or other public safety agencies and to authorize and transmit internal communications essential to preserving the safety of the Marymount community; is responsible for quickly informing the President and Vice Presidents that an emergency has occurred and determining the level of emergency; takes charge to ensure safety and order until the President or his designee is available to issue instructions. University President or his/her designee serves as the overall Emergency Director during any Level II or III emergency; decision authority rests with this individual. Provost/Vice President for Academic Affairs serves as Emergency Director with decision authority in the absence of the President; is responsible for all decisions related to academic programs and faculty. Vice President for Student Affairs or, in his/her absence, the Dean for Student Affairs provides guidance and leadership in emergency situations affecting students. Vice President for Advancement and Communication coordinates the development and dissemination of timely, accurate messages to key external constituents (e.g. media, parents, alumni, neighbors); handles all media contact related to the emergency. Contracted communications firm serves as secondary back up to transmit emergency notifications Vice President for Financial Affairs provides guidance and leadership in emergency situations affecting the campus s physical plant, human resources, or financial operations. Dean for Student Affairs provides guidance and leadership in emergency situations affecting students; generally serves as primary contact for parents/family members in situations affecting individual students. Director of the Physical Plant coordinates activities related to the safety and functioning of the campus s physical facilities, under the direction of the Vice President for Financial Affairs. Executive Director of Information Technology Services coordinates activities to maintain/restore campus technology resources, such as servers, Internet access, computer work stations, and telephones; ensures that vital University data is backed up. Executive Director of designee serves as secondary back up to transmit emergency notifications. Director of Campus and Residential Services assists in the dissemination of emergency communications and instructions to students living in campus residence halls; provides leadership for residence hall staff and students in the event of building evacuations, lockdowns, or sheltering in place. 4

5 Assistant Director of Campus and Residential Services assists in coordination of essential campus and resident-student services, including food service. Director of Student Health provides guidance and coordinates support services in situations affecting the health of Marymount students and employees. Other staff, faculty members, or student leaders may be called upon as needed. 3. Emergency Communications System The University s Emergency Notification System serves as both an emergency communication method and a way of communicating specific situations to the campus community in a timely manner. Except for the specific instances noted below, the system should be considered an emergency communications tool, and as such should only be utilized for active threats, that is, when the safety of the entire campus, or a large portion of it, are threatened. The system can also be used for events or occurrences that, although not rising to the level of an emergency, could still impact the campus in a negative way. Examples of such use include: informing students, faculty, and staff of campus-wide threats to life and property, campus closures and University-wide class cancellations, and incidents such as prolonged power or system outages that could severely impact normal University operations. The system should not be used when an incident is isolated, impacts a small area of the campus, and/or poses no threat to safety. Marymount University uses the emergency notification system called e2campus that employs text messaging and to alert students, faculty and staff to potentially dangerous situations on campus. In the event of such an emergency, the University will issue such emergency notifications or, if appropriate, timely warnings to students, faculty and staff about emergency situations or crimes occurring on or proximate to the campus, when those crimes are determined to represent a potential threat to their safety and if self protective actions should be taken, regardless of whether or not the alleged victim and/or perpetrators are members of the Marymount community. 5

6 EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM FLOW CHART In the event that the Emergency Leadership Team or the Campus Safety Officer in Command determines that an emergency notification to the community is required, the following individuals have the authorization and ability to send an MU Alert. Depending on the timeliness required, notification may be sent immediately by the Campus Safety Officer in Command without prior approval of the ELT. (Those denoted by asterisk serve in a back up capacity in the event that Campus Safety is unable to send the notification.) Emergency Notification Transmission Tree Director of Campus Safety The Assistant Director of Campus Safety Campus Safety Officer in Command All Campus Safety Officers FMB Staff* IT Executive Director* IT Director of Infrastructure and Security* IT Director of Integrated Technology Solutions* Director of IT Support Services* Vice President for Development and Communications* 6

7 IV. EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROTOCOLS A. Leadership Team Procedure In a Level II or III emergency, the Emergency Leadership Team will assemble and develop an action plan using the following procedures: designate an individual to serve as keeper of a Log of Events/Actions; gather information and assess the situation in order to be able to designate the level of the emergency and determine the resources needed to address it; coordinate internal and external communications to help ensure the safety of the campus community, the security of campus facilities, and the availability of timely updates until the emergency situation is fully resolved. (This includes collecting and disseminating appropriate information, and establishing necessary communication with outside agencies and civil authorities.); determine the composition of the Emergency Operations Team and issue staff assignments; monitor developments and assess effectiveness of response; work toward resolution of the situation and restoration of normal activities; plan and implement such follow-up actions as may seem necessary or advisable. B. Specific Response Scenarios Depending upon the nature of the situation, members of the Marymount community may be instructed to take certain actions in a Level II or III emergency. Instructions will be communicated through some or all of the following media: the MUAlerts text-messaging/ -messaging system; the University s emergency information phone line, (703) , and website ( the campus s external public address system; the black speakerphones located in campus offices; neon-orange flyers posted around campus; verbal directions given by police or other public-safety officers, Campus Safety staff, and University officials. Members of the campus community are expected to be familiar with the following terms and to follow the procedures described below when the instruction is given: Evacuate one or more buildings In the event of an emergency that makes one or more campus buildings unsafe for occupancy (e.g. a fire, chemical spill, or power outage), the instruction will be given to Evacuate the building(s). When a fire alarm is sounded or the order to evacuate is given, occupants of the specified building(s) must immediately proceed to the nearest exit, walking quickly and remaining calm; Once outdoors, move to a distance of at least 100 feet away from the building. Police or fire officials, Campus Safety officers, and other University officials will be on hand to provide instructions and assistance. Please note that a sounding fire alarm should never be assumed to signify a drill ; All building occupants are required to evacuate every time a fire alarm is sounded. If you are unable to evacuate, call 911 and give your location, then do something to help identify your location from outside the building (e.g. hang a sheet, blanket, or colorful piece of clothing out the window). Active Shooter 7

8 WHAT TO DO WHEN AN ACTIVE SHOOTER IS IN YOUR VICINITY PROFILE OF AN ACTIVE SHOOTER An active shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area, typically through the use of firearms. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ACTIVE SHOOTER SITUATION Victims are generally selected at random. The event is unpredictable and evolves quickly. Law enforcement is usually required to end an active shooter situation. THINK AND PLAN AHEAD Be aware of your environment and any possible dangers Take note of the two nearest exits in any facility you visit 1. Run! If you can get out of the building safely, do so quickly and quietly: Have an escape route and plan in mind; Leave your belongings behind; Keep your hands visible as you exit. 2. Hide! If you cannot get out of the building, hide in an area out of the active shooter s view: Block entry to your hiding place and lock the doors; Stay quiet; Silence your electronic devices; Turn off all lights, close all window coverings. 3. Fight! As a last resort and only when your life is in imminent danger Attempt to incapacitate the active shooter; Act with physical aggression and throw items at the active shooter. HOW TO RESPOND WHEN LAW ENFORCEMENT ARRIVES Remain calm and follow officers instructions; Put down any items in your hands (i.e., bags, jackets); Immediately raise hands and spread fingers; Keep hands visible at all times; Avoid quick movements toward officers such as attempting to hold on to them for safety Avoid pointing, screaming or yelling; Do not stop to ask officers for help or direction when evacuating. INFORMATION YOU SHOULD PROVIDE TO LAW ENFORCEMENT OR 911 OPERATOR Location of the active shooter; 8

9 Number of shooters; Physical description of shooters; Number and type of weapons held by shooters; Number of potential victims at the location. Shelter in place In the event of an emergency that makes it unsafe to be outdoors or breathe outdoor air (e.g. tornado/ hurricane or a chemical/biological attack), the instruction may be given to Shelter in Place. A Shelter in Place situation would likely last no more than a few hours. When alerted to Shelter in Place, building occupants must move to an interior room or hallway with no windows; On the way to the sheltered space, close windows and doors to the best of your ability. No one should exit the Shelter in Place area until the All Clear has been sounded. If a shelter-in-place order is given, University officials will provide as much information as is known about the best type of area for sheltering. It is always true that an interior, windowless space should be chosen for sheltering in place. Evacuate the campus In the event of an emergency that makes it necessary to evacuate the entire campus, directions will be given by local police or other public-safety authorities, assisted by Campus Safety personnel and University officials. Marymount students and employees should remain calm and listen for and follow instructions. The call to evacuate will be made by Marymount s President, his/her designee, and/or local public safety authorities. C. Responsibilities of Classroom Faculty and Department Supervisors In the event of an emergency situation requiring evacuation, lockdown, or shelter in place, faculty members teaching in classrooms, laboratories, studios, etc., are responsible for helping to ensure the safety of their students. Similarly, department supervisors are responsible for helping to ensure the safety of the employees in their immediate areas. Evacuation routes are posted in all campus classrooms, offices, residence hall rooms, etc. Faculty members and department supervisors are responsible for familiarizing themselves with evacuation routes from the areas in which they work. They are also responsible for understanding the emergency procedures outlined in this plan. The following specific procedures must be followed: When notified of an emergency, faculty/department supervisors will immediately inform their students/ employees of the situation and take the leadership in implementing appropriate emergency procedures as outlined in this plan. In an evacuation scenario, faculty/instructors and department supervisors will direct their students/ employees toward designated evacuation routes and ask them to meet in a specified area outside the building. If there is any concern that someone may still be in the building, the faculty member/department supervisor should inform Campus Safety or local public-safety officers on site. Faculty and staff supervisors are asked to survey their work areas periodically, evaluating them to determine the impact an emergency could have on persons working or studying in those areas. Any threats to safety (e.g. broken window or door lock, blocked exit, etc.) should be immediately reported to the employee s supervisor or to Campus Safety. 9

10 Evacuation Rally Points Map Rose Bente Lee Center Reinsch Library 6 Gailhac Hall Majella Berg Hall Gerard Phelan Hall 26th Street North Butler Hall Rowley Hall 1 Ireton Hall St. Joseph Hall Chapel Main House 2 3 The Lodge 5 Yorktown Boulevard Lee Ostapenko Hall Caruthers Hall 7 Butler Hall Old Dominion Drive North Glebe Road North Glebe Road 120 North Glebe Road Evacuate to the rally point indicated for your location.* Old Dominion Drive 1 2 Rowley Hall Chapel Gailhac Hall Ireton Hall Rose Bente Lee Center Majella Berg Hall Gerard Phelan Hall 3 4 Gerard Phelan Hall The Lodge Ireton Hall Butler Hall St. Joseph Hall Main House Chapel Lee Ostapenko Hall Caruthers Hall Reinsch Library Gerard Parking Garage Lee Ostapenko Hall Caruthers Hall EMERGENCY FIRE EVACUATION RALLY POINT LOCATIONS *There are multiple rally points for some locations. Use your judgement to find the rally point that keeps you from harm s way. Depending on the hazard, any rally point can be the right choice. D. Emergency Planning Procedures for Students and Employees with Disabilities Members of the Marymount community who have disabilities that could affect their safety in an emergency requiring evacuation, lockdown, or shelter in place must notify the appropriate campus office upon arrival at the University: Students should contact Student Access Services at (703) ; employees should contact Human Resource Services at (703) Those who have a temporary disability (e.g. a broken leg) should also provide these offices with information when the disability begins and ends. Student Access Services and Human Resource Services will work with individuals to determine the most effective and efficient emergency plan for them (identifying, for example, alternative evacuation routes and methods). Each semester, these offices will provide a log of individuals who might need assistance in an emergency (along with their regular class or work schedules) to the Office of Campus Safety. When visitors to campus have disabilities that could affect their safety in an emergency, Campus Safety officers will ask about their needs and note where they will be on campus during their visit, as well as their anticipated time of departure. 10

11 Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to arrange a buddy system with friends or colleagues, who could serve as evacuation assistants. Without putting themselves at risk in an emergency, such assistants could help their friend out of a building, or provide rescue personnel with information about the person s location and needs. E. Marymount Emergency Supplies and Equipment The University maintains equipment and supplies to facilitate emergency response, including Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) The University is equipped with AEDs for use in cases of suspected cardiac arrest. Their locations (listed below) are marked with AED signs. If sudden cardiac arrest is suspected, Dial 911 immediately and bring an AED to the incident site. No previous experience is necessary to operate the device; it will talk the user through its safe application and will not shock someone with a normal heart beat. When a wall-mounted AED case is opened, an alarm will sound to alert others that help is needed. The list of locations of all AED s on Marymount property can be found on the Campus Safety webpage. University stocks of food and water Marymount s dining services provider has emergency procedures in place to ensure ongoing provisions for resident students and others on campus in the event of an emergency. A three-day supply of non-perishable food and bottled water is kept on hand at the Main Campus. A water supply is also maintained at the Ballston Center. The Reston Center staff maintain a limited supply of bottled water. F. Personal Emergency Kit While Marymount is prepared to meet the basic needs of the campus community during an emergency, it is also a good idea for individual students and employees to make some personal preparations. The American Red Cross recommends that a personal emergency kit contain a small first aid kit and extra prescription medications; information about the individual s pre-existing medical conditions, allergies, etc., and a personal emergency-contacts list; basic sanitation and hygiene supplies; a battery-operated radio; a flashlight; a whistle; extra batteries for radio/flashlight; several bottles of water and some food that will stay fresh for a long time (e.g. granola bars); pen/pencil and paper. In the event that a shelter-in-place order is given at Marymount, students and employees are advised to take their personal emergency kits with them to the designated shelter areas if possible. G. Emergency Communications 1. Notification and Updates The Director of Campus Safety (or his/her designee) coordinates the development and dissemination of timely, accurate messages to the campus community. 11

12 a. To the Campus Community Emergency notifications and updates will be provided to the Marymount University community through as many of the following media as are available and appropriate in a given situation: MUAlerts, a system that enables students and employees to receive emergency notifications via text message and . Messages automatically go to all Marymount addresses, as well as to Marymount s Facebook and Twitter accounts. Students and employees must opt-in to receive text messages via cell phone or s to their personal (non-marymount) mailboxes. To register for MUAlerts, visit Wellness/Campus-Safety/MU-Alerts/Signing-Up Marymount University s weather and emergency information phone line, (703) ; The University s Web site, Mass s (In order to receive campus-wide announcements, individuals must have a Marymount account. Students are responsible for activating and regularly checking their University accounts.); The local media, including radio stations WTOP (103.5 FM), WASH-FM (97.1), WWDC- FM (101.1), and WMZQ-FM (98.7), and television stations NBC 4, FOX 5, ABC 7, CBS 9, and NewsChannel 8 (TBD); Social media Marymount s Facebook ( and twitter (@marymountu) pages; Additionally, those on campus may be notified through Announcements on the external public address system; Announcements through phones located in faculty and staff offices; Announcements on closed-circuit TV screens; announcements through cable TV. Announcements on Twitter and Facebook; Orange fliers posted around campus; Instructions given by Campus Safety staff, University administrators, and/or public safety officials on site. Note: Marymount community members may also sign up for Arlington Alerts ( to be notified of issues affecting the wider Arlington community. b. To External Constituents The Vice President for Communications of his/her designee will coordinate communications with all external media outlets and will cooridinate all media contact related to the emergency. Also serves as back-up to Campus Safetey for emergency notifications. Emergency notifications and updates will be provided to external constituents through as many of the following media as are available and appropriate in a given situation. External communications include: The University s website, local media; Marymount s emergency phone line (703) ; Marymount s Twitter and Facebook accounts. 2. Back-up Telephone System Marymount has non-pbx phone lines in a number of offices, to provide the capability for communication beyond campus if the University s phone network fails and cell phones are not operational. 12

13 Non-PBX phones are for emergency use only. They can be found in the following campus locations: Main Security Station President s Office/Conference Room Main House OCRS/Berg Reception Area Physical Therapy Main Office Student Health/Triage Office Switchboard Office, Admissions Lee Ostapenko/Area Coordinator Office OCRS Office in Rowley Lee Center/Manager s Office Service/PBX Room/St. Joseph s Hall Reston Center Lobby Student Development Office Physical Plant Two-way Radios Campus Safety has two-way radios for use on campus. Two-way radios are also provided in the Emergency Leadership Team Assembly Area supply kits. 4. Communication with Public-Safety Agencies Marymount works closely with the Arlington Police Department, the Arlington Fire Department, and the Arlington and Washington, D.C., offices of Emergency Management. The University has direct access to request information and assistance from these agencies. 5. Departmental Emergency Contact Lists It is the responsibility of Marymount employees to consult the various media listed in section IV.G.1, above, to obtain campus-emergency information and updates. In addition, each University office will maintain a departmental contact list/phone tree for use in contacting employees should a situation warrant the dissemination of special, department-specific information or instructions. H. Threat Assessment Team Marymount University has a standing Threat Assessment Team. The team s role is to assess whether an individual poses, or may reasonably pose, a threat of violence to self, others, or the Marymount community and to intervene to avert the threat. The team responds to behaviors exhibited by students, employees, visitors, and non-affiliated persons prior to a critical incident in an attempt to prevent violence so that the Marymount campus remains a safe and secure working and learning environment. Marymount s Threat Assessment Team includes three permanent members: Chair: Director of Campus Safety and Emergency Management Dean for Students Director of the Counseling Center Other Marymount staff and faculty, as well as outside experts, may be called to participate on the team as circumstances dictate. 13

14 I. Training of Campus Community and Emergency Preparedness Drills All Marymount employees are responsible for familiarizing themselves with the contents of this Emergency Management Plan and complying with the policies and procedures it outlines. In addition, all employees should be familiar with the contents of Marymount s Emergency Procedures Overview brochure. The brochure provides a summary of this document s key policies and procedures. It is updated and distributed to the campus community annually. University protocols provide for periodic testing of emergency systems, tabletop exercises, training, and drilling. Debriefings and evaluations are carried out following exercises. Marymount works closely with the Arlington County Office of Emergency Management and is in communication with other emergency management offices in the Washington, D.C., area. J. Continuity of Operations Plans and Departmental Emergency Protocols In addition to the University-wide policies and procedures set forth in this document, various Marymount departments that would have a specific role in responding to an emergency create and maintain individual emergency protocols. For example, Campus Safety, University Communications, Physical Plant, and Information Technology Services have detailed, step-by-step procedures to follow in responding to specific types of emergency situations. Staff members in these areas are trained in the implementation of these protocols. In addition, each Marymount University administrative unit (School or department) creates and maintains a Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP). The purpose of the COOP is to outline how the unit would continue to perform essential functions or deliver essential services in the event of a major emergency with a duration of several days or weeks. COOPs take into consideration a variety of factors and scenarios, such as loss of electrical power, inaccessibility of specific rooms or buildings, travel restrictions, etc. These plans reflect Marymount s commitment to maintaining/restoring University programs and services within the context of a major emergency. K. Building Emergency Liaisons Building Emergency Liaisons are staff and faculty volunteers throughout the campus who have received more extensive training on emergency procedures and can provide emergency procedures guidance and information. They are located at all geographic locations on all campuses. The list of Building Emergency Liaisons can be found on the Campus Safety webpage. 14