RECRUIT SUSTAINMENT PROGRAM SOLDIER TRAINING READINESS MODULES Every Soldier is a Sensor: Overview 17 June 2011

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1 RECRUIT SUSTAINMENT PROGRAM SOLDIER TRAINING READINESS MODULES Every Soldier is a Sensor: Overview 17 June 2011 SECTION I. Lesson Plan Series Task(s) Taught Academic Hours References Student Study Assignments Instructor Requirements Equipment Required Materials Required Classroom, Training Area, and Range Requirements ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Every Soldier is a Sensor: Overview Task Number INDIVIDUAL The academic hours required to teach this lesson are as follows: Test Test Review Total Hours: Resident Hours/Methods 0 hrs 50 mins / Conference / Discussion 0 hrs 00 mins / Practical Exercise (Performance) 0 hrs 0 hrs 0 hrs 50 mins Number Title Date STP 21-1-SMCT None a. 1 Instructor per 35 Soldiers Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, Warrior Skills, Level 1 02 May 2011 b. Be familiar with this Training Support Package (TSP) Id Name /96454N LCD DATA PROJECTOR Screen, Projection, BM-10A, Stand /70209N Computer, Personal System Instructor Materials: a. This Training Support Package (TSP) Stu Ratio Student Materials: a. Other materials as directed by RSP Unit SOP Organizational Classroom Additional Information Inst Ratio Spt Qty Exp 1:1 No 0 No 1:1 No 0 No 1:1 No 0 No 1

2 Instructional Guidance Before presenting this lesson, instructors must thoroughly prepare by studying this lesson and the identified reference material. Every attempt has been made to present key words, phrases, or talking points by which you may present the class. Following almost every key point will be a sentence or paragraph to give more information. It is for your reference. Consider using the sentence or paragraph to assist you in the event you are not getting response from the students, or unable to enter into a discussion with the students regarding the issue being raised. 2

3 SECTION II. INTRODUCTION SHOW Slide 1 (STRM) Method of Instruction: Conference / Discussion Instructor to Student Ratio is: 1:35 Time of Instruction: 5 mins Media: Slide Presentation Motivator Terminal Learning Objective Safety Requirements Risk Assessment Level Evaluation Instructional Lead-In The increased situational awareness that a Soldier must develop through personal contact and observation is a critical element of the friendly force s ability to more fully understand the operational environment. Your life and the lives of your fellow Soldiers could depend on reporting what you see, hear, and smell. SHOW Slide 2 (Terminal Learning Objective) Inform the students of the following Terminal Learning Objective requirements. At the completion of this lesson, you [the student] will: Action: Conditions: Standards: Identify key components and definitions of Every Soldier is a Sensor (ES2) In a classroom or field environment, given this instruction Demonstrate understanding, via instructor checks on learning, of key definitions and the role that all Soldiers play as information sensors in support of Battlefield Operations Conduct a safety brief prior to training as needed and IAW unit and installation policies. Low - Risk Assessment to be produced locally IAW FM 5-19, July None Every Soldier, as a part of a small unit, can provide useful information and is an essential component to the commanders achieving understanding of the environment. This lesson is critical because the environment in which a Soldier operates is characterized by violence, uncertainty, complexity, and the preponderance toward imbalance and deceit. 3

4 SECTION III. PRESENTATION 1. Learning Step / Activity 1. Every Soldier is a Sensor Method of Instruction: Conference / Discussion Instructor to Student Ratio: 1:35 Time of Instruction: 40 mins Media: Slide Presentation a. Every Soldier is a Sensor (ES2). It is suggested that you set the stage for this lesson plan by asking the students about the phrase Every Soldier is a Sensor. What does it mean, or what it is, and why is it important? Use the instructor training method, Ask, pause.., and Select. Unless the student is extremely far off, accept their response and expound until your message is delivered. (1) Every Soldier develops a special level of situational awareness simply due to exposure to events occurring in their Area of Operations (AO) and has the opportunity to collect information by observation and interaction with the population. (2) The increased situational awareness that Soldiers develop through personal contact and observation is a critical element of the Brigade and Battalion's ability to more fully understand the operational environment. The concept of Every Soldier is a Sensor is critical to success on the modern battlefield. (3) A Battalion Commander has dozens of mechanical sensors at their disposal. These dozens of sensors can only collect certain things against specific targets though. This leaves a huge information gap and if this gap is not filled; the Commander does not know the whole battlefield picture and cannot adjust to make the best plans. (4) This is where the Soldier comes into the picture. On today s battlefield, information dominance is crucial and you are the Commander s most valuable weapon. Because you are the best sensor ever created. You are capable of hearing and seeing details that get missed by mechanical sensors. You can go places that mechanical sensors cannot. You, unlike a mechanical sensor, can adapt to a situation, change with it and extend or cut your presence in that situation if necessary. SHOW Slide 3 (A Sensor NOT a HUMINT Collector) b. While information gathering is every Soldiers responsibility, it is important that you remember that you are not a Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Collector. (1) HUMINT extends far beyond basic information gathering and requires extensive training to be done correctly and safely. (2) It is also important to remember that at all times the Geneva Convention and Law of Land Warfare must be followed. Our commitment to these tenets is what makes us professional Soldiers. (3) This lesson is designed to provide guidance for how to deal with and handle the local population you may come in contact with and to introduce the basics of tactical questioning. The skills you acquire in these lessons are critical in helping you in obtaining combat information. SHOW Slide 4 (Situational Awareness) 4

5 c. Effective information gathering begins with Situational awareness. (1) Every Soldier must maintain a high level of situational awareness at all times. This observational vigilance helps ensure both you and your fellow Soldiers safety, and makes you attuned to changes in the operational environment. (a) These changes are often the first indications and warnings of key events. (b) These observational skills coupled with properly conducted tactical questioning, as well as awareness of captured documents and equipment, allow you to serve as the commander's "eyes and ears" whether on patrol, manning a TCP or occupying an observation post. (2) These pieces of information may seem to be small and insignificant; however when combined with other pieces of information and after being analyzed, they may contain critical intelligence for the commander. SHOW Slide 5 (Planning) d. Planning. (1) Effective information gathering requires Soldiers to be aware of their Commanders information needs. (a) Soldiers conduct questioning based on the unit's Standing Operating Procedures (SOPs). (b) Rules Of Engagement (ROE), and the orders for that mission. Planning is a key element of gathering information and small unit leaders should include specific guidance for tactical questioning for each mission. (c) The Brigade and Battalion S2s (Intelligence Section) and S3s (Operations & Training Section) must provide appropriate specific guidance down to Company, Troop and Battery level to help guide tactical questioning. (d) The information that Soldiers report as a result of this questioning will be passed up the chain of command and can be a vital part of planning and the conduct of other operations. (2) There are two levels of reporting: (a) Non-time sensitive reporting (Non-time sensitive reporting will be completed after the operations have been completed; at the end of the patrol or upon relief by another shift.) (b) Immediate reporting of information of critical tactical value. (Information of immediate value will be reported immediately IAW unit SOP.) SHOW Slide 6 (Planning Considerations) e. Before engaging in any operation that potentially has ES2 applications, all Soldiers should consider these factors and the possible effects or each: (1) Type of mission. (The type of mission would determine the number of Soldier s necessary, the ammunition requirements, support, etc. For instance in an 5

6 Urban Environment Enter A Building and Clear a Room, the intel would be very important, however if the mission were to walk the streets, and obtain as much intel as possible from the citizens, the commanders might want you to make sure that the children receive a piece of candy and adults are treated with respect and assurance.) (2) Current Situation. (Given the above scenarios, one would warrant information on location of enemy and citizen alike whereas the second scenario might merit a second squad following close behind). (3) Commanders PIR (Priority Intelligence Requirements). Compilation of complex information giving a true and accurate vision of the fight (mission). (4) Types of Individuals expected, i.e. enemy or friend. (5) Knowledge of Individuals. (who, how many, how well supplied, etc) (6) Specific requirements. Generally come from higher headquarters, again using the two scenarios above, specific requirements might be to take the building, saving as many lives as possible, or gather all names and address of those offering intelligence information and follow up on their background. Tools are available to assist you in setting up and controlling Traffic Control Points, Patrols, and Cordon areas. The following offers some of those tools. Slide 7 gives a detailed detain listing. Request one of the students to read each bullet and ask for understanding as necessary. If you do ask for definitions, continue to use Ask, Pause, and Select. You may wish to read item f below while students follow on slide 7. SHOW Slide 7 (Detain List) f. Detain List. (1) This list is published by the G2/S2. It is a listing on potential enemy collaborators, sympathizers, intelligence suspects and others who pose a threat to friendly forces. It contains some of the following types of people: (a) Hostile agents, saboteurs, terrorists, political figures and subversives. (b) Known or suspected leaders or members of hostile paramilitary, insurgent or guerilla forces. (c) Others that have been designated by the G2 (Division Intelligence Section) as automatic arrestees. SHOW Slide #8 (Protect List) Read or paraphrase the following as the students review slide 8. (2) Protect List. This list contains the identities and locations of individuals who have been identified as being of intelligence interest and are expected to be able to provide information or assistance. These people are either in accordance with or favorably inclined toward U.S policies. Remember that their contributions to the U.S are based on a voluntary and cooperative attitude. This list is sensitive and you will probably not have a copy with you; only be briefed on its contents. SHOW Slide 9 (Of Intelligence Interest List) 6

7 (3) Of Intelligence Interest. This list contains the identities and locations of individuals whose inclinations and attitudes towards the U.S. are uncertain. They are known to possess information or skills required by U.S. forces. This list is also sensitive and you will probably not have a copy with you; only be briefed on its contents. g. Let s look at a TCP example: (1) You are manning a TCP. (2) Since you a carefully observing the personnel coming through, you notice someone who looks out of place. (3) While talking to them, you have them show their documentation. (4) Since you were briefed on the list of persons on the Detain list, you recall this individual is on that list. (5) You detain the individual and after assisting in the search of his person, you find IED making paraphernalia on his person. (6) This type of information is of immediate value, so you report it through secure communications. You may just have saved lives; and you have definitely increased every Soldier s chances of coming home safe. Staying alert, vigilant and aware of the situation can save not just you, but your comrades around you. SHOW Slide 10 (Captured Enemy Document Tag and Form (DD Form 2745)) h. Captured Enemy Document Tag and Form. (1) DD Form 2745 (Capture Tag) will be used to record ALL individuals who are taken into custody. Part 3 of this form is used to record all equipment and documents that are captured. Your unit will have specific guidance on filling out these forms in their SOP. You will also be issued a Graphic Training Aid which will show you how to fill out these forms. Remember the 5 S s when dealing with prisoners; Search, Silence, Segregate, Speed to the Rear, and Safeguard. (2) Being observant of documents and equipment can also be valuable in providing information. During operations you may find materials that are useful to U.S. forces; these materials can range from written or typed material, drawings, plaques, audio, and/or video recordings, computer disks, and reproductions of those media. If you find any of these things, they should be confiscated. i. Tie it all together: (1) EXAMPLE 1: (a) It is Tuesday, 17 March and you are on patrol through the same section of town that you ve been through a dozen times before. (b) You notice new graffiti on the wall of a building. (c) You make a quick sketch of the graffiti to include with your report. 7

8 (d) On return to base, your patrol is debriefed by the Patrol Leader and the S2; you tell them about the graffiti and show them the sketch. (e) After interpretation, it turns out that the graffiti is actually a warning to local inhabitants that there will be an ambush on U.S forces on 19 March. (f) The Commander changes patrol routes and runs mounted armor patrols through the area instead. (g) The insurgents are captured and/or killed by U.S. forces. (h) You have not only just saved your own life; but the lives of your comrades on patrol with you. Situational awareness means taking notice of everything going on around you and being prepared to brief and pass on that information later; or act on it now. (2) EXAMPLE 2: (a) You are on patrol through the same section of town that you ve been through a dozen times before. (b) Your patrol checks out one of the abandoned buildings in your area. (c) You find 9 wooden crates; 4 of them are filled with small arms and RPG s. (d) You immediately report the information to your chain of command and secure the building. (e) You search the rest of the building. (f) You find a strip map of the neighborhood with a lot of writing you can t understand on it and a circle around what looks like the local police station. (g) You report this find immediately and a HUMINT team with an interpreter is dispatched. (h) The translation of the writing lists an upcoming attack on the police station this afternoon. Armed interdiction forces of both U.S. and Iraqi Soldiers are dispatched to the area and subdue the insurgents. (i) You have just saved the lives these Iraqi civilians and those of your U.S. comrades in arms. Being observant and finding this map allowed U.S. and Iraqi forces to be on site before the attack. Check on Learning Question: What is ES2? Answer: Every Soldier a Sensor is a concept designed to enhance a soldier s situational awareness and their ability to properly report what they see. It will allow you to better interact with local nationals. Remember this does not make you a HUMINT collector. Question: What are the 3 Lists? Answer: Detain List, Protect List and Of Intelligence Interest List. These lists may be classified so you might not have an actual copy. 8

9 Question: If any of people/equipment/documents are taken into custody, how are they accounted for? Answer: DD Form 2745, section 3 is used for documents and equipment. SHOW Slide 11 (Terminal Learning Objective) TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: Identify key components and definitions of Every Soldier is a Sensor (ES2) CONDITIONS: STANDARDS: In a classroom or field environment, given this instruction Demonstrate understanding, via instructor checks on learning, of key definitions and the role that all Soldiers play as information sensors in support of Battlefield Operations 9

10 SECTION IV. ASK FOR QUESTIONS AND SUMMARY Method of Instruction: Discussion Instructor to Student Ratio: 1:35 Time of Instruction: 5 mins Media: None a. Ask students if they have any questions. b. Answer all questions or agree to get back to students with a complete or appropriate answer. SUMMARY The Commander relies on you to be his sensor. There are only a limited number of these traditional sensors available for the Commander to have a clear picture of the battlefield. With every Soldier acting as a sensor, the Commander can see what is going on around them and make better, timelier battlefield decisions. Much of what you will be learning about your operational environment will come through interaction and questioning of the local population. 10

11 SECTION V. Testing Requirements Feedback Requirements STUDENT EVALUATION (OPTIONAL) None None 11

12 Appendix A - Viewgraph Masters VIEWGRAPHS STRM Slide #1 Terminal Learning Objective Slide #2 A Sensor NOT a HUMINT Collector Slide #3 Situational Awareness Slide #4 Planning Slide #5 Planning Considerations Slide #6 Detain List Slide #7 Protect List Slide # 8 Of Intelligence Interest List Slide #9 Captured Enemy Document Tag and Form (DD Form 2745) Slide #10 Terminal Learning Objective Slide #11 A-1

13 Appendix B - Test(s) and Test Solution(s) (N/A) B-1

14 Appendix C - Practical Exercises and Solutions Built into Lesson Plan C-1

15 Appendix D - Student Handouts (N/A) D-1