(QJLQHHU 5HFRQQDLVVDQFH FM Headquarters, Department of the Army

Transcription

1 FM (QJLQHHU 5HFRQQDLVVDQFH Headquarters, Department of the Army DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

2 *FM Field Manual No Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, ENGINEER RECONNAISSANCE Table of Contents Page Preface... vi Chapter 1. Introduction Organization Missions Characteristics, Capabilities, and Limitations General Organizational Characteristics Engineer Recon Team Capabilities Engineer Recon Team Limitations Platform-Specific Capabilities Command and Support Relationships Attached Operational Control (OPCON) Direct Support (DS) and General Support (GS) Chapter 2. Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield and Reconnaissance and Surveillance Planning Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) R&S Planning Chapter 3. Tactical Reconnaissance Purpose and Fundamentals Recon Techniques Mounted Recon Dismounted Recon Recon by Fire Indirect Fire Direct Fire Aerial Recon Stealth Versus Aggressive Recon DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This manual supersedes FM 5-30, 22 September 1967, and FM 5-36, 10 May i

3 Page Route Recon Critical Tasks Techniques Example of a Route Recon Zone Recon Critical Tasks Techniques Example of a Zone Recon Area Recon Critical Tasks Techniques Example of an Area Recon Chapter 4. Engineer Recon Team and Obstacle Reconnaissance Personnel and Equipment Training Equipment Vehicles Communications Equipment Weapon Systems Additional Equipment Engineer Recon Team Dismounted Element Mounted Element Obstacle and Restriction Recon Detection Area Security and Recon Obstacle Recon COA Selection COA Recommendation/Execution Examples of Obstacles/Restrictions Employment Concepts Integrated as Part of the Brigade Intelligence-Collection Effort Assigned Brigade NAIs in a TF s AO Working Under a TF s Control Support Considerations Responsibilities Chapter 5. Route Classification Route-Classification Overlay Route-Classification Formula Route Width Route Type MLC Overhead Clearance Route Obstructions Snow Blockage and Flooding Examples of the Route-Classification Formula Curve Calculations Measuring Methods Tape-Measure Method ii

4 Page Triangulation Method Formula Method Curve Symbol Series of Sharp Curves Slope Estimation Percent of Slope Clinometer Method Map Method Pace Method Angle-of-Slope Method Slope Symbol Description of Slope Symbols Constrictions Underpasses Tunnels Tunnel Symbol Overhead Clearance Tunnel Reconnaissance Report Stream Recon Measurements Preexisting Data Stream Width Compass Method Aiming Circle, Azimuth Indicator, or Alidade GPS Direct Measurement Current Velocities Stream Approaches Fords Underwater Recon Ferry Recon Civil Ferries and Ferry Sites Ferry Information Military Ferry and Rafting Road Recon Procedure Base Course and Subgrade Road-Capacity Computations Road-Classification Formula Examples of the Road-Classification Formula Bridge-Classification Recon Required Bridge Information for Classification Procedures Required Information Bridge Condition Width and Height Restrictions Bridge Traffic-Control Procedure Full North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Bridge Symbol The Bridge Reconnaissance Report Other Information Bridge Sketches Bypasses iii

5 Page Chapter 6. Combat Support Indirect-Fire Support Mortar Support Capabilities Limitations Available Munitions Field Artillery Capabilities Limitations Available Munitions Fire-Support Team Fire-Request Channels Engineer Recon Team Working Under Brigade Control Engineer Recon Team Working in a TF s Area or Under TF Control Engineer Recon Team Working with a Cavalry Squadron or Under Troop Control Air Defense Passive Air Defense Attack Avoidance Damage-Limiting Measures Active Air Defense Air Support Ground Surveillance Radar Capabilities and Limitations Employment Chemical Capabilities and Limitations Employment Chapter 7. Combat Service Support Organization Supply Operations Basic Load Classes of Supply Class I Class II Class III and Class V Class IV Class VI Class VII Class VIII Class IX Techniques of Resupply Maintenance Operations Responsibilities Team Leader Assistant Team Leader Unit Maintenance (Operator Level) Evacuation Destruction Medical Treatment and Evacuation iv

6 Page Wounded Soldiers Soldiers Killed in Action Prisoners Prisoners of War Captured Enemy Documents and Equipment Civilians Appendix A. Metric Conversion Chart... A-1 Appendix B. Bridge Classification... B-1 Bridge Signs... B-1 Width and Height Restrictions... B-2 Classification Procedures... B-2 Appendix C Sample Reconnaissance OPORD... C-1 Appendix D. Engineer Recon... D-1 Appendix E. Signs... E-1 Military Route Signs... E-1 Hazard Signs... E-2 Regulatory Signs... E-3 Light Line... E-3 Bridge/Raft Signs... E-3 Rectangular Bridge Signs... E-4 Guide Signs... E-7 Directional Disks... E-7 Headquarters and Logistical Signs... E-7 Casualty Evacuation Route Signs... E-8 Unit Direction Arrow... E-9 Military Detour Signs... E-9 Road Markers in Areas of Heavy Snow... E-9 Vehicle Signs... E-9 Sign Lighting... E-11 Appendix F. Military Load Classifications... F-1 Requirement for Classification Numbers... F-1 Procedures for Vehicle Classification... F-1 Temporary Procedure for Vehicle Classification... F-1 Expedient Procedure for Wheeled-Vehicle Classification... F-1 Expedient Procedure for Tracked-Vehicle Classification... F-2 Appendix G. Symbols... G-1 Glossary... Glossary-1 References... References-1 Index... Index-1 v

7 Preface Field Manual (FM) describes how engineer recon teams support and augment a maneuver battalion or brigade s recon effort. It is designed as an engineer extension of FMs and This manual serves as a guide for both brigade and task force (TF) engineers, as well as for subordinate leaders (especially recon team leaders) in planning, integrating, and conducting recon operations. It also serves as a guide for the brigade and TF staffs and subordinate maneuver commanders on the organization, capabilities, and employment of engineer recon teams. This manual sets forth the principles of conducting engineer recon activities supporting a maneuver brigade or TF. It addresses engineer tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) that highlight critical principles. However, the TTP are intended to be descriptive rather than prescriptive; they are not a replacement for the TTP and standing operating procedures (SOPs) that are unique to the supported unit. FM is fully compatible with Army doctrine as contained in FM and is consistent with other combined-arms doctrine. This is not a stand-alone manual. The user must have a fundamental understanding of the concepts outlined in FMs 100-5, 100-7, , 71-1, 71-2, 71-3, 17-95, 17-98, , , , 34-1, 34-2, , , 90-13, , 101-5, and This manual also implements Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2269, Engineer Resources, Edition 3; STANAG 2027, Marking of Military Vehicles, Edition 3; STANAG 2253, Roads and Road Structures, Edition 4; STANAG 2174, Military Routes and Route/Road Networks, Edition 4; STANAG 2154, Regulations for Military Motor Vehicle Movement by Road, Edition 6; and STANAG 2010, Military Load Classification Markings, Edition 5. Appendix A contains an English to metric measurement conversion chart. The proponent of this publication is Headquarters, United States (US) Army Engineer School (USAES). Send comments and recommendations on Department of the Army (DA) Form 2028 directly to Commander, USAES, ATTN: ATSE-TD-D, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. vi

8 Chapter 1 Introduction Combat power is generated by combining the elements of maneuver, firepower, force protection, and leadership within a sound plan and then aggressively, violently, and flexibly executing the plan to defeat an enemy. The key to using combat power effectively is gathering information about the enemy and the area of operations (AO) through recon. A recon provides current battlefield information that helps a commander plan and conduct tactical operations. A recon greatly enhances maneuver, firepower, and force protection when properly executed. ORGANIZATION MISSIONS Engineer recon elements may consist of an engineer platoon, squad, team, or other element. During military operations, the engineer may be called on to assist the maneuver force during recon missions. These missions are normally executed by engineer recon teams, which are organized according to unit SOPs. (See Chapter 4 for a complete discussion of the engineer recon team.) Engineer recon teams may operate independently; however, they normally augment cavalry scout platoons; mechanized, wheeled, or dismounted scout platoons; or other maneuver units directly involved in recon operations. The most prominent scout platoon in a force is the high-mobility, multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) scout platoon. If an engineer recon team is to augment a maneuver scout element, the team should be task-organized with equipment that is compatible with the supported maneuver recon force. The engineer team may use its own vehicle or ride in the vehicles of the scout, cavalry, or infantry unit it supports. It may move mounted or dismounted, depending on its current equipment, organization, command and control (C 2 ) structure, and enemy situation. An engineer recon team's primary mission is collecting tactical and technical information for the supported or parent unit. The team must be able to perform this mission mounted or dismounted, during the day or at night, and in various terrain conditions. A tactical recon is conducted in a high-threat environment and is a combinedarms effort to Collect information about the enemy s location and obstacles and the terrain within the AO. Conduct limited marking of obstacles, routes, and demolition work. Conduct limited reduction of obstacles in conjunction with maneuver units. Introduction 1-1