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1 Chapter 17

2 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The cold war era and its lessons Containment Vietnam Bipolar (power structure) 17-2

3 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The post-cold war era and its lessons The air wars of the 1990s Multilateralism approach Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War 1990 Serbian aggression and war in the Balkans Bosnia 1995 Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo

4 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The post-cold war era and its lessons The war on terrorism 9-11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks Afghanistan invasion and ouster of Taliban 17-4

5 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The post-cold war era and its lessons The Iraq War George W. Bush announces new preemptive war doctrine Rationale for war: suspected weapons of mass destruction (WMD) Strong international objection to military action 17-5

6 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The post-cold war era and its lessons The Iraq War (continued) Postwar Iraq very unstable, making reconstruction difficult Heavy involvement in Iraq limited U.S. ability to respond on other fronts Waning public support and the surge 17-6

7 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The post-cold war era and its lessons The Afghanistan escalation and Pakistan Taliban slowly reasserting control Pakistan used as a safe haven for Taliban Afghan surge Analysts and the Pakistani security concern 17-7

8 The Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense Policy The Arab Spring and the Iranian nuclear threat Unrest and protest in Tunisia spreads to Egypt and to nearly every Arab country U.S. caught off guard by the scale of the uprisings U.S. and NATO military intervention in Libya U.S. diplomatic sanctions against Syria UN-backed economic sanctions on Iran because of its nuclear program 17-8

9 17-9

10 The Military Dimension of National Security Policy Military power, uses, and capabilities Nuclear war Deterrence policy Mutually assured destruction (MAD) 17-10

11 The Military Dimension of National Security Policy Military power, uses, and capabilities Conventional war U.S. capability: two simultaneous medium-sized wars All-volunteer military 2012 restructuring of the military 17-11

12 The Military Dimension of National Security Policy Military power, uses, and capabilities Unconventional (guerrilla) war Unconventional attacks and tactics Winning their hearts and minds U.S. military struggles to adapt 17-12

13 The Military Dimension of National Security Policy Military power, uses, and capabilities Transnational terrorism U.S. not prepared: too few linguists War on terrorism aimed at groups versus nations Lack of defined battlefronts 17-13

14 The Military Dimension of National Security Policy The politics of national defense Public opinion Generally supportive Wanes if military conflict extends for long period The military-industrial complex 17-14

15 The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy Three world economic centers United States, Europe, Pacific Rim Promoting global trade Marshall Plan Multinational corporations Economic globalization Free trade and protectionism Trade imbalance and China 17-15

16 17-16

17 17-17

18 The Economic Dimension of National Security Policy Maintaining access to oil and other natural resources Middle East and the Gulf War Assisting developing nations IMF and World Bank Misconceptions and low popular support in U.S. Stabilizing the global economy 17-18

19 17-19