System Engineering. Missile Design and. Eugene L Fleeman. Lilburn, Georgia AIM EDUCATION SERIES. Joseph A. Schetz, Editor-in-Chief

Transcription

1 Missile Design and System Engineering Eugene L Fleeman Lilburn, Georgia AIM EDUCATION SERIES Joseph A. Schetz, Editor-in-Chief Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Virginia

2 CONTENTS Foreword Preface xv xvii Chapter 1 Introduction/Key Drivers in the Missile Design and System Engineering Process Introduction Missile Characteristics Comparison Conceptual Design and System Engineering Process System-of-Systems Considerations Examples of State-of-the-Art Missiles Aerodynamic Configuration Sizing and System Engineering Parameters Example of Alternatives in Establishing Mission Requirements Use of a Baseline Missile Summary 1.10 Problem Review Chapter 2 Aerodynamic Considerations in the Missile Design and System Engineering Process Introduction Missile Diameter Tradeoff Nose Fineness and Geometry Tradeoffs Body Drag Prediction Boattail Body Normal Force Prediction Lifting Body Versus Axisymmetric Body Forces, Moments, and Axes Sign Convention Static Stability Body Aerodynamic Center Prediction Flare Stabilizer Wings Versus No Wings 61 ix

3 x Missile Design and System Engineering 2.13 Planar Aerodynamic Surface Geometry 2.14 Normal Force Prediction for Surfaces (e.g., Wing, Tail, Parameters 64 Canard) Aerodynamic Center Prediction for Planar Surfaces (e.g., Wing, Tail, Canard) Hinge Moment Prediction Planar Surface (e.g., Wing, Tail, Canard) Drag Prediction Surface Planform Geometry and Integration Alternatives Flight Control Alternatives Maneuver Law Alternatives Roll Angle and Control Surface Sign Convention Flight Roll Orientation Trim and Static Stability Margin Tail Area Sizing Stability and Control Conceptual Design Criteria Aerodynamic Configuration Buildup Summary Problem Review 119 Chapter 3 Propulsion Considerations in the Missile Design and System Engineering Process Introduction Propulsion Alternatives Assessment Turbine Propulsion Alternatives Turbojet Flow Path, Components, and Nomenclature Turbojet Thrust Prediction Turbojet Specific Impulse Prediction Subsonic Turbojet Propulsion Efficiency Ramjet Propulsion Alternatives Ramjet Flow Path, Components, and Nomenclature Ramjet Combustion Temperature Ramjet Specific Impulse Prediction Ramjet Thrust Prediction Ramjet Combustor Design Considerations Ramjet Booster Integration Ramjet Inlet Options Supersonic Inlet/Airframe Integration Fuel Alternatives Rocket Motor Performance Prediction Rocket Motor Sizing Process Solid Propellant Grain Alternatives Solid Propellant Rocket Thrust Magnitude Control 206

4 CONTENTS xl 3.22 Solid Propellant Alternatives Solid Propellant Aging Rocket Motor Case Material Alternatives Rocket Nozzle Material Alternatives Ducted Rocket Design Considerations Summary Problem Review 223 Chapter 4 Weight Considerations in the Missile Design and System Engineering Process Introduction Benefits of a Light Weight Missile Subsystem Weight Sensitivity to Flight Performance Missile Weight Prediction Center-of-Gravity and Moment-of-Inertia Prediction Missile Structure Factor of Safety Missile Airframe Structure Manufacturing Processes Missile Airframe Material Alternatives Missile Structure/Insulation Trades High Temperature Insulation Materials Missile Aerodynamic Heating/Thermal Response Prediction Localized Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Stress Missile Structure Design Seeker Dome Missile Power Supply and Flight Control Actuators Summary Problem Review 316 Chapter 5 Flight Performance Considerations in Missile Design and System Engineering Introduction Missile Flight Performance Envelope Equations of Motion Modeling Driving Parameters for Missile Flight Performance Cruise Flight Performance Steady-State Flight Flight Trajectory Shaping for Maximum Range Turn Performance Coast Flight Performance Ballistic Flight Performance 345

5 xii Missile Design and System Engineering 5.11 Boost Flight Performance Divert Flight Performance Intercept Lead Angle and Velocity Comparison of Missile Design with Performance Requirements Summary Problem Review 353 Chapter 6 Measures of Merit and Launch Platform Integration/System Engineering Introduction Robustness Warhead Lethality Miss Distance Carriage and Launch Observables Missile Survivability and Safety Reliability Cost Launch Platform Integration Summary Problem Review, 579 Chapter 7 Sizing Examples and Sizing Tools Introduction Rocket Baseline Missile Standoff Range Requirement Wing Sizing Requirement and Turn Performance Multi-Parameter Harmonization Maximum Range Trajectory Ramjet Missile Range Robustness Ramjet Propulsion/Fuel Alternatives Velocity Control Turbojet Baseline Thrust Prediction Turbojet Baseline Specific Impulse Prediction Turbojet Baseline Missile Low Altitude Range Prediction Turbojet Baseline Missile Maximum Range Prediction Turbojet Baseline Engine Rotational Speed Examples of Computer-Aided Conceptual Design Sizing Tools Soda Straw Rocket Design, Build, and Fly Soda Straw Rocket Range Pareto and Uncertainty Analysis House of Quality Design of Experiment 684

6 CONTENTS xl 7.19 Summary Problem Review 696 Chapter 8 Development Process Introduction Missile Technology and System Development Process New Missile Program Planning and Development Example of Missile Technology Development Examples of State-of-the-Art Advancement New Technologies for Missiles Summary Problem Review 730 Chapter 9 Summary and Lessons Learned Introduction Conduct Unbiased and Creative System-of-Systems Design, with Rapid Evaluation and Iteration Exploit Diverse Skills Quickly Switch Focus from the Big Picture to... Picture to a Detail Utilize Creative Skills Utilize the Skills of the Entire Organization Balance the Tradeoff of Importance Versus Priority Identify, Quantify, and Balance the Measures of Merit, within Cost Constraints Start with a Good Baseline Design Evaluate Alternative Prediction Methods and Compare with Data, for Accuracy and Precision Confirm Accuracy of Computer Input Data and Modeling Conduct Balanced, Unbiased Tradeoffs Include System Integration in Missile Conceptual Design and System Engineering Evaluate Many Alternatives Quickly Search a Broad Design Solution Space (Global Optimization Versus Local Optimization) Evaluate and Refine as Often as Possible Apply OODA Loop Process for Faster and Higher Confidence Design Convergence Provide Balanced Emphasis of Analytical Versus Experimental 746

7 xiv Missile Design and System Engineering 9.19 Use a Design, Build, and Fly Process, for Feedback Leading to Broader Knowledge and Understanding Consider Potential Consequences (Good and Bad) of Decisions Keep Track of Assumptions and Develop Real-Time Documentation Develop Good Documentation Rapidly Evaluate Alternatives and Iterate the Design Missile Conceptual Design and System Engineering Configuration Sizing Guidelines Wrap-Up 755 Appendix A Homework Problems/Classroom Exercises 757 Appendix B Example of Request for Proposal 769 Appendix C Nomenclature 779 Appendix D Acronyms/Abbreviations 789 Appendix E Conversion Factors 799 Appendix F Example Syllabus 801 Appendix G CEU Credit Quizzes 805 Appendix H Design Case Studies 829 Appendix I Summary of Tactical Missile Design Spreadsheet 831 Appendix J Soda Straw Rocket Science 837 References 843 Bibliography 845 Index 849 Supporting Materials 881