Emergency Management 101. What Every School District Needs to Know

Transcription

1 Emergency Management 101 What Every School District Needs to Know 1

2 EM 101 Overview The four phases of emergency management: prevention-mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; and how they apply to schools. School emergency plan development considerations. The response continuum: making plans scalable. Standard response actions: evacuation; lockdown; and shelter-in-place. After-action debriefing. Questions 2

3 EM 101 Key Messages Plans are meaningless, planning is everything; Schools should understand the need for collaborative pre-incident planning which considers all hazards, and the need for partnership development prior to an incident occurring. Schools should have an emergency team organized in accordance with Incident Command System principles and be prepared to engage in unified command processes. Schools should develop standard emergency response procedures and those procedures should be practiced regularly. 3

4 EM 101 Key Messages Schools should have the necessary equipment on hand to carry out standard emergency procedures. If you do not have good communication, you will not have command and control of an emergency situation. Schools need to have adequate means of rapid communication, striving for interoperability with public safety. Recovery is facilitated by how well schools plan for and respond to an emergency. 4

5 EM 101 Key Messages Recovery begins with an effective After-Action Assessment. Recovery plans must address these issues: Physical and Structural Business and Fiscal Academic Psychological and Emotional Recovery should be scalable, as to both the incident and the individual. 5

6 Organizational Approach to Crisis and Emergency Management City, County, State or National Emergency Response Plans District Emergency Operations Plan Most emergencies or safety incidents occur and are managed effectively at the school site. School Emergency Plan Some emergencies are beyond the scope of schools to manage 6

7 Suggested Definitions Crisis: Any event that results in the implementation of the school s crisis team and crisis plan, including, but not limited to a student or staff death, high profile arrest of a student or staff member or incident of national significance such as terrorism or war. 7

8 Suggested Definitions School or District Emergency Any event that results in the implementation of one or more of the standard emergency response procedures and should result in the activation of the school or district Incident Command Structure and team. 8

9 Suggested Definitions School Safety Incident Any event that is out of the ordinary and requires police, fire or emergency medical services response. 9

10 Four Phases of Emergency Management Prevention-Mitigation Prevention- Mitigation Preparedness Recovery Response 10

11 Four Phases of Emergency Management Prevention-Mitigation The Prevention-Mitigation phase identifies hazards to the school from all potential sources (all-hazards planning), and implements actions to: (1) reduce the likelihood of an emergency (2) lessen the impact of an emergency situation. 11

12 Four Phases of Emergency Management Prevention-Mitigation In the prevention-mitigation phase, a risk assessment systematically lists potential hazards and rates them relative to: 1. Frequency 2. Warning time 3. Severity 4. Priority for mitigation efforts or response planning 12

13 Prevention-Mitigation: Identification of Natural Hazards 13

14 Prevention-Mitigation: Hazards from Wild Animals 14

15 Prevention-Mitigation: Identification of Man-Made Hazards 15

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17 Four Phases of Emergency Management Preparedness Prevention- Mitigation Preparedness Recovery Response 17

18 Four Phases of Emergency Management Preparedness The preparedness phase involves: 1. Organization of response teams using the Incident Command System. 2. Establishing Command Post locations and communication lines. 3. Establishing standard emergency response procedures. 4. Pre-assembly of equipment for emergencies, and identification of special needs. 5. Regular intentional training, practice and drills. 18

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20 Incident Command System ICS Principles: Uses common terminology Scalable depending on need One incident commander: Responsibility determined in advance No one reports to more than one person Span of supervisory control does not exceed 3-7 subordinates 20

21 Incident Command System Common terminology: Ability to communicate in a crisis is essential ICS requires use of common terminology including standard titles for facilities and positions ICS uses plain English, not codes Example: Uncommon Terminology: Teachers and students, proceed to Code Yellow Common Terminology: Teachers and students, we are going to secure the building, please curtail all outdoor activities 21

22 Incident Command System Multiple Levels of Activation National Response Plan State Emergency Plan City/County Emergency Plan School District Emergency Plan Most emergencies are handled at the school site with police and perhaps some assistance from the district. School Site Plan 22

23 Incident Command System ICS Roles: Incident Commander Incident Command Staff: Public Information Officer (PIO) Safety Officer Liaison Officer General Staff: Operations Section Planning Section Logistics Section Finance/Administration Section 23

24 Incident Command at a School Incident Commander (Principal/Designee) In charge of overall management of an emergency situation Public Information Officer All media releases coordinated here. Support usually provided by the District Safety Officer Ensures that all actions are done safely. May be the school security staff, SRO or a designated staff member Liaison Officer Assists responding agencies from outside the school with information Operations Responsible for care of students and carrying out standard and specific procedures and protocols Logistics Responsible for securing and providing needed materials, resources, services and personnel Planning Collects and evaluates information as related to the development of an incident, and status of resources Finance/Administration Tracks incident costs for reimbursement accounting. Important in tracking costs where a state or federal "disaster area" may be declared 24

25 Incident Command System Sample School/School District Incident Command System Organization Incident Commander Public Information Officer Safety Officer Operations Logistics Planning Finance/Administration Student Supervision Food Services Next Steps Planning Risk and Claims Health Services/First Aid Transportation Documentation/Recorder Personnel Crisis or Trauma Recovery Facility and Materials Legal Student/Parent Reunification 25

26 Unified Command for a School Crisis or Emergency School Incident Commander (Principal) School District Incident Commander (Security Director) County/City Incident Commander (Police/Fire) Public Information Officer Public Information Officer School Site Crisis/Emergency Response Team (CERT) District Emergency Operations Committee (EOC) City/County Incident Management Team (IMT) 26

27 Incident Command System Establishing an Incident Command System: Assess staff skills Create lines of succession/backups for all key positions Identify key roles to be carried out Identify staff for ICS team to address each key function Coordinate with community partners to identify roles and lines of responsibility in the event of an emergency 27

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29 Four Phases of Emergency Management Response Prevention- Mitigation Preparedness Recovery Response 29

30 Standard Emergency Response Procedures Standard emergency response procedures are a set of standard, clear actions that may be implemented by school officials across a variety of emergency situations. 30

31 Standard Emergency Response Procedures School site staff are empowered to implement any of the procedures based upon what the principal or school incident commander knows about the emergency at the time. 31

32 Standard Response Procedures There are generally six standard emergency response utilized in response to emergencies. Shelter-in-Place* Lockdown* Evacuation* Reverse Evacuation Secure Building Drop, cover and hold *Minimum Requirements 32

33 Standard Emergency Response Procedures The direction to implement Standard Response Procedures must be done with a clear, simple method of communication. No code words. Implementation of standard emergency response procedures include a process for accounting for students and staff and a reunification process. 33

34 Standard Response Procedures Shelter in Place This action involves sheltering students from lightning, hazardous air or other conditions. It will typically involve a secure building status. It may include shutdown of air handling units. 34

35 Standard Response Procedures Lockdown This action involves rapid protection of students and staff behind locked doors. Examples might include an armed intruder or suspicious person. 1. LIGHTS 2. LOCKS 3. OUT OF SIGHT 35

36 Standard Response Procedures Evacuation This action takes place when the school building is not safe. Examples include fire, structural failure or hazardous materials incidents. 36

37 Standard Emergency Response Procedures- Levels of Protection Protection Maximum Shelter-in-place Lockdown Medium Secure Building Weather Shelter Evacuation Normal Daily Operations 37

38 Reunification and Student Accounting While not a standard emergency response, reunification and student accounting considerations are required as a follow-on for most standard emergency response procedures. 38

39 Typical Reunification Plan Command Post Reunion Area Gate Security Security Parent Check-in Student Assembly Area School Building No line of sight Treatment/ Triage No line of sight 39

40 Four Phases of Emergency Management Recovery Prevention- Mitigation Preparation Recovery Response 40

41 Recovery The goal of recovery is to return to learning and restore the infrastructure of the school as quickly as possible. It is important that the school environment is caring and supportive. Each crisis is unique and we learn from each response. 41

42 Recovery Recovery also involves capturing and applying lessons learned so they may be incorporated into plans and improve response. After-action reports are critical to this effort. Critique of what was done and what could be done better. Corrective Actions based upon the critique. Closure of the incident and moving to the new normal. 42

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44 Recovery Four Key Components Physical/structural recovery Business recovery Restoration of academic learning Psychological/emotional recovery 44

45 Summary Four Phases of Emergency Management Prevention-Mitigation: Identify and address potential hazards. Preparedness: development scalable plans for a variety of incidents, create partnerships. Response: Continuum, Standard response actions Recovery- includes After-action debriefing of lessons learned. 45

46 Thank you! Questions?