Joint Theater Missile Defense

Transcription

1 D.03 Discriminating Interceptor Technology Program D.05 Advanced Space Surveillance D.08 Atmospheric Interceptor Technology D.10 Airborne Laser Technology for Theater Missile Defense I 57

2 DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVES FOR JWSTP D.03 Discriminating Interceptor Technology Program Objectives. Develop and demonstrate, in laboratory tests and low-cost flight tests, the technologies necessary for interceptor discrimination. Advanced ballistic missile defense (BMD) interceptors must discriminate with high confidence between real targets and other objects, such as decoys and debris, for effectiveness in an electronic countermeasure environment or against reentry vehicles accompanied by decoys. An interceptor employing these technologies, used in an architecture including ground-based radar and space-based IR satellites, could potentially protect U.S. cities and fighting forces from ballistic missile attack. Simulation results show that, depending on the attack scenario, the single-shot kill probability (P k ) can increase by more than a factor of nine after the addition of advanced interceptor discrimination capability (P k increases from 0.1 to 0.95). An interceptor s mass and cost will increase; however, the overall system cost will decrease because of the increased P k. The technologies necessary for interceptor discrimination include lightweight laser radar, simultaneous multispectral long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays (FPAs), and data fusion techniques to combine the outputs of active and passive sensors to provide a fourfold improvement in terms of giga-floating point operations (GFLOP)/watt and GFLOP/dollar, and a seventyfold improvement in packaging density (700 GFLOP/ft 3 ). Technology needs for multispectral and highly uniform FPAs are also being addressed by complementary technology efforts under DTO SE.33, Advanced Focal Plane Array Technology. Systems benefiting from this technology are the Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle (EKV), Theater High-Altitude Air Defense (THAAD) System, and Navy Upper Tier Interceptor. Payoffs. This DTO will provide the technology to discriminate between threat targets and other objects, such as decoys and debris, and thus improve the overall effectiveness of an advanced BMD. Milestones and demonstrations for the Discriminating Interceptor Technology Program (DITP) include building and bench testing prototype laser radars (LADARs), and lab testing a simultaneous two-color LWIR FPA at a sensitivity of greater than 1 x 1,012 Jones (4Q98); lab testing a fusion processor and algorithms, and building and lab testing a 10-kg prototype LADAR (4Q99); integrating a two-color passive FPA and fusion processor into a prototype shared-optics fused seeker (2Q00); lab and field testing a fused seeker (3Q00); and flight testing a fused seeker (4Q01). Challenges. The development of simultaneous, large-format, highly uniform, multicolor LWIR FPAs is required. A LADAR system weighing less than 5 kg (both transmitter and receiver) must be developed that can withstand the interceptor environments. Passive and active sensor systems need to be integrated into an interceptor fly-along package using a shared optical path. Development of a fusion processor is required with the necessary speed and data throughput to perform discrimination in real time. Budget reductions and component manufacturing difficulties have forced a shift in the schedule of approximately 1 year. Milestones/Metrics. FY2000: Integrate a two-color passive FPA, LADAR, and fusion processor into a prototype shared-optics fused seeker; continue engineering development to reduce LADAR and IR packages from 10 kg to 5 kg. Conduct exhaustive series of laboratory, ground, and hardware-in-the-loop testing to verify interface agreements and finalize requirements for flight demonstration. Continue engineering development to reduce LADAR and IR sensor packages from 10 kg to 5 kg. FY2002: Flight test miniature active/passive fused sensor package. FY2003: Begin follow-on technology development for next-generation interceptor seeker upgrades. Conduct second verification flight test of miniature active/passive fused sensor package as a fly-along package on a BMDO-sponsored interceptor mission. I 58

3 FY2004: Develop and test follow-on seeker technology in accordance with findings and limitations uncovered in previous flight tests. Transfer the technology to the services and major defense acquisition programs. Customer POC Service/Agency POC USD(A&T) POC Mr. Keith ENGLANDER BMDO/JNE Capt Michael GREGG, USAF BMDO/TOS Dr. Paul LEVAN AFRL/VSSS Mr. Duane STOTT SMDC/TC/SR D.03 S&T Funding ($ millions) Mr. Art MCGREGOR DUSD/S&T PE Project FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY C DTO Total I 59

4 DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVES FOR JWSTP D.05 Advanced Space Surveillance Objectives. Demonstrate advanced satellite technologies required to perform precision surveillance, acquisition, and tracking of sophisticated ballistic missile targets. Payoffs. This program will develop and demonstrate a unique multimode (UV and IR) sensor, data fusion concepts and algorithms, and innovative processing hardware to enable advanced onboard data processing (VIGILANTE). Also, this program will demonstrate new high-power, high-efficiency, long-life solar arrays; increased-efficiency, long-life Hall effect thrusters; use of an all-composite spacecraft structure for precision optical systems in space; multifunctional structures; adaptive structures for vibration isolation, suppression, and steering; and a high-bandwidth, space-to-ground laser communication system. Data will be obtained on mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) clutter/background in wavebands specified by the Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS)/Low-Earth-Orbit System Program Office, radiation levels at medium Earth orbit (MEO), micrometeoroid/debris fluence at MEO, and durability of quantum well infrared photodetection (QWIP) long-wavelength IR (LWIR) sensors and key microelectronic components in the space radiation environment. For distribution of satellite data, this program will develop and demonstrate wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM); waveguide components for highdensity, very large-bandwidth supercomputer links; and distributed, massively parallel computer networks. To integrate, validate, and transfer advanced technologies to current and future systems, this program will analyze, validate, and archive target signatures and background databases collected by midcourse space experiment (MSX) for direct use in ground demonstrations, model and simulation development, and system performance assessments. Challenges. Major challenges are: (1) fusing data from multiple sensors at exceptionally high data rates to improve target discrimination capabilities using minimum size and power hardware packages; (2) creating validated databases and models for target signatures, background clutter, and reference scenes to support development of advanced scene generation models and to provide metrics to establish requirements for surveillance systems; and (3) demonstrating advanced technologies to reduce weight and acquisition costs while improving performance for future space surveillance systems. Milestones/Metrics. FY2000: Launch STRV 1c/d and (1) obtain initial data on durability of electronic components and QWIP LWIR sensors; (2) demonstrate use of multifunctional structure in space and terabit bandwidth communications with WDM components; (3) complete above-the-horizon clutter statistics and reference scenes, target signatures, and model comparisons; and (4) complete data acquisition and analysis from STRV 2 experiments. FY2001: Complete data acquisition and analysis from STRV 1d experiments and UV/IR focal plane array, and initiate performance characterization tests. Deliver SCARLET-III solar cells (70 W/kg, 24% 30% efficiency, 500-V array voltage, 7-yr life), and complete celestial clutter statistics and background model improvement from MSX data. FY2002: Deliver synthetic scene generation model, high-fidelity target, and background improvements from MSX data. FY2003: Complete final evaluations and report results. I 60

5 Customer POC Service/Agency POC USD(A&T) POC Col Kathy ROBERTS, USAF USAF/SMC Maj Lisa LIPSCOMB, USAF BMDO/TOS Dr. John STUBSTAD BMDO/TOS D.05 S&T Funding ($ millions) Mr. Art MCGREGOR DUSD/S&T PE Project FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY C DTO Total I 61

6 DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVES FOR JWSTP D.08 Atmospheric Interceptor Technology Objectives. Develop, integrate, and demonstrate lightweight kill vehicle technologies for endoatmospheric hit-to-kill intercepts. Hit-to-kill intercepts of theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) within the atmosphere provide significantly expanded areas of protected coverage, take advantage of atmospheric stripping of decoys, provide intercept capability against TBMs that stay in the atmosphere, and permit intercepts of cruise missiles. Lightweight and cost-reducing technologies are critical to existing and planned theater missile defense (TMD) systems as block upgrades or preplanned product improvements. Atmospheric Interceptor Technology (AIT) will develop an integrated interceptor testbed concept that utilizes existing service infrastructure. The technologies being developed in AIT are applicable to advanced Navy Area Defense, Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC 3), Theater High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), and Medium-Range Extended Air Defense System (MEADS). Some of the technologies developed are also applicable to Navy theater-wide program and boost phase intercept concepts. The AIT technology development effort emphasizes strapdown IR seekers (SISs), a solid divert and attitude control system (DACS), a solid-state Ka-band transmitter, a high-power thermal battery, and jet interaction modeling. Payoffs. Planned development through FY05 will provide: (1) technical solutions with reduced costs/risks against advanced threats not currently addressed by the TMD systems, and (2) reduced technical risk and costs in support of TMD acquisition programs through direct technology insertion. Challenges. SIS components have been demonstrated in ground tests, and a prototype seeker is planned for demonstration via hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL), ground, and potential flight tests. The primary SIS challenge is the stabilization of the target image in order to provide sufficiently accurate guidance for hitto-kill intercepts. AIT seekers will demonstrate both active motion stabilization through high-speed mirrors, and electronic signal processing of the image to compensate for both rigid and flexible body motion and to counter the effects of divert thruster firings. Solid DACS challenges relate to providing high divert thrust over long action times at the lowest possible weight. Low overall weight is critical to high interceptor lateral accelerations. Milestones/Metrics. FY2000: Complete HWIL testing of prototype SIS and system hot fire test of flight-weight solid DACS. Verify jet amplification and jet irradiance test results to application-specific interceptor configurations. Complete preliminary design review of advanced endo-atmospheric interceptor testbed concept. FY2001: Complete critical design review of advanced endo-atmospheric interceptor testbed concept (Concept 1). Deliver prototype SIS and flight-weight solid DACS to interceptor testbed contractor for integration. Complete jet amplification and jet irradiance algorithms. FY2002: Complete dynamic tests using a ground test vehicle to verify the interaction of the vehicle seeker, guidance, DACS, and airframe. FY2003: Complete preliminary design review for Concept 2 and support a flight test demonstration to verify Concept 1 vehicle flight characteristics with the attitude control and divert thrusters operating while the seeker maintains track on a celestial object. FY2004: Complete critical design review for Concept 2 or continue support for flight test demonstrations of Concept 1. FY2005: Complete dynamics tests of Concept 2 or support control flight test of Concept 1. I 62

7 Customer POC Service/Agency POC USD(A&T) POC Mr. Robert BALLA THAAD Dr. Pashand ESFANDIARI USN Mr. Andy FOGLE PAC 3 Maj Kenneth REIMAN, USAF BMDO/TOS D.08 S&T Funding ($ millions) Mr. Art MCGREGOR DUSD/S&T PE Project FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY C DTO Total I 63

8 DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY OBJECTIVES FOR JWSTP D.10 Airborne Laser Technology for Theater Missile Defense Objectives. Develop and demonstrate technology to reduce the risk and improve performance for the Airborne Laser (ABL) system acquisition program. This DTO addresses key risk-reduction issues for development of the ABL prototype, and demonstrates advanced technology at a level of maturity that will support transition to operational ABL system development during the engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase, which begins in FY04. Specific demonstrations include active tracking field tests against boosting missiles, and ground testing of integrated atmospheric compensation and tracking scaled to replicate the propagation conditions expected in a theater missile engagement scenario. ABL technology objectives are to increase the atmospheric compensation and beam jitter strehl ratios (ratio of the beam intensity achieved compared to the ideal) by a factor of 2, and to increase the laser device efficiency by 10% 20%. Payoffs. The Air Force separately funds the ABL system acquisition program to develop a warfighter capability to engage and negate theater ballistic missiles in the boost phase. The operational ABL system will be the boost-phase negation portion of the overall DoD theater missile defense architecture, which also includes midcourse and terminal negation by kinetic-kill intercept systems. Tracking, adaptive optics, and laser device technologies developed under this DTO pay off in performance growth and additional margin in the operational capability of the ABL weapon system. If objectives can be met and the technology transitioned to the ABL system, the ABL operational range could be increased by approximately 25% and the available lasing time could be increased by 10% 20% without any changes in overall ABL laser system weight. Challenges. Key technical challenges include development of laser device technology to meet the weight and volume constraints of the aircraft platform, and development of adaptive optics and beam control technology to substantially compensate for optical distortions and beam jitter introduced in the ABL propagation scenario. Chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) device and adaptive optics beam control design concepts that are predicted to meet baseline performance requirements have been developed for the ABL system. To achieve and demonstrate further performance improvements, the challenges for COIL device technology are to (1) improve the detailed understanding of COIL device operation and performance for identifying and quantifying efficiency loss mechanisms, and (2) develop and demonstrate new hardware and operational concepts for reducing losses and, thus, improve overall COIL device efficiency. For adaptive optics/beam control technology, the challenge is to further improve the ability to measure and compensate for the distortions caused by high-energy laser propagation over long horizontal paths with significant atmospheric turbulence. More specifically, the challenge is to develop and demonstrate advanced technology that will improve the ability to deal with scintillation effects in the sensing of track jitter and higher-order phrase distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence, and to determine and apply the correct compensation to the outgoing high-energy laser beam at high bandwidth (over 500 Hz) with fast steering mirrors and adaptive optics. Milestones/Metrics. FY2000: Begin field testing of advanced tracking and atmospheric compensation concepts against a scaled, dynamic target (an instrumented target onboard an aircraft). FY2003: Complete demonstration of technology to support ABL design updates for EMD phase. FY2004: Transition technology and final documentation to ABL acquisition program. I 64

9 Customer POC Service/Agency POC USD(A&T) POC Col Mike BOOEN, USAF SMC/TM/ABLSPO Mr. John HAYNES SAF/AQRT D.10 S&T Funding ($ millions) Mr. Art MCGREGOR DUSD/S&T PE Project FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY F DTO Total I 65