AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR NEWSLETTER CONTENTS

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1 Arthur L. Funk, Chairman Department of History University of Florida Gain...ville, Florida :12611 Permanent Directors Charles F. Delzell Vanderbilt University H. Stuart Hugh.. University of California at San Diego. AMERICAN COMMITTEE ON THE HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR Forrt8t C. POji{Uf:' Dwiht I). Eisenhower Institute Trrms (.rpiring /98.'j Brig. (;l'11 James L. Collins, Jr. Chief of Military Hislory (ret) Robert Dallek University of California at Los Angeles John u'wis Gaddi. Ohio University Robin Higham Kansas State University D. Clayton tj Elmes Mississippi State University Charles B. MacDonald Arlington, Va. Agnes F. Peterson Hoover Institution Ru."ell F. Weigley Temple University Terms expiring 1986 Swphen E. Ambrose University of New Orleans Martin HlumensQn Washini<lon. D.C. William H. Cunliffe National Archives Harold C. DeutBch Army War College StanltY 1.. Falk CenLt't of Military Hi""tory (ret.) Mauric Mlltloff Center of Military Hislory (ret.) Ernet R. May Harvard University Gerhard L. Weinberg University of North Carolina Earl F. Ziemke University of Georgia TPrms expiring 1987 Dean C. Allard Naval History Division Philip A. Crowl Naval War (:ollege (ret.) Brig. Gen. A. F. Hurley, USAF (ret.) North Texas State University David Kahn Great Neck, N. Y. Warren F. Kimball Rutgers University Richard H. Kohn Office of Air Force History Roberta Wahl.tetter Pan Heuristics, Los Angeles Robert Wolfe National Archives Janet Ziegler University of Caiifornia at Los Angel.. NEWSLETTER Donald S. Detwiler, Secretary No. 34 Fall 1985 and Newsletter Editor Department of History Southern lilinoi. University at Carbondale Carbondale, lilinoi CONTENTS Robin Higham. Archivist Department of History Kanea8 State University Manhattan, Kansas International Book Revipw Coordination General Information 2 Arthur 1.. Funk Department of Histury University of Florida Oain..ville, Florida :12611 Annual Membership Dues and Support 2 The ACHSWW i8 affiliated with Committee Election 2 American Historical Association 400 A Street, S.E. Washington, D.C Comite Intemational d'histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale. Henri Michel, President 12, rue de Moscou The 1985 Annual Meeting (December, New York) AHA/ACHSWW Joint Session on the Atomic Bomb and the Surrender of Japan Pari., France Annual Business Meeting 3 World War II Conference (April 1986, Rutgers at Newark) 3 News from Washington, D.C. Center of Military History, Department of the Army 3 Military Records Branch, U.S. National Archives 3 International News International Committee Elections 4 World War II Studies at Two Centers in Paris: Historical Institute for Contemporary Conflicts 4 Institute for History of Current Historical Events 5 Archival Resources U.S. National Archives NSA/CSS Cryptologic Documents Other Accessions, Openings, and Declassifications Bibiliography A Biography of the First Chief of Military History 7 German Military, Air, & Naval History Bibliographies 9 A Bibliography of Works in English Published Since Attachments: Recent Periodical Literature on Military History (from The Army Historian, No.8, Summer 1985) October 1985 List of NSA/CSS Cryptologic Documents in Record Group 457, Military Records Branch, U.S. National Archives ACHSWW Membership Information & Renewal Form Annual Committee Election Ballot 6 6

2 GENERAL INFORMATION Established in 1967 lito promote historical research in the period of 'i'jorld War II in all its aspects, II the American Committee on the History of the Second World War is affiliated with the American Historical Association, the International Committee for the History of the Second World War, and corresponding national committees in many other countries, including Austria, France, East and West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Romania, the Soviet Union, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The ACHSWW issues a semiannual newsletter. Membership is open to anyone interested in the era of the Second World War. ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES AND SUPPORT Annual membership dues of $10.00 ($2.00 for students) for calendar year 1986 are payable at the beginning of January directly to the secretary (not through an agency or subscription service). Please complete and return the membership renewal and information form attached to the newsletter, together with your remittance. Members abroad are asked to remit dues in U.S. funds. The newsletter, which is mailed at bulk rates within the United States, will be sent by surface mail to foreign addresses unless special arrangements are made to cover the cost of airmail postage. As noted in the renewal form, members are invited, as in the past, to make contributions, beyond the amount of their membership dues, to defray operating costs not covered by regular dues. COMMITTEE ELECTION Attached to this newsletter is the ballot for election of committee directors for three-year terms from 1986 through Th ballot, which may be mailed with the membership renewal form and remittance, or sent separately, should be returned to the secretary in January. THE 1985 ANNUAL MEETING The annual meeting of the ACHSWW will be held in conjunction with that of the American Historical Association at the New York Marriott Marquis Hotel, 1535 Broadway, New York, N.Y , December Session on the Atomic Bomb and the Surrender of Japan The ACHSWW/AHA joint session will be on Saturday, 28 December, 2:30 4:30 p.m., in the Marriott's Grand Ballroom North, chaired by Charles F. Delzell, with papers by Barton J. Bernstein, lithe Atomic Bomb and Japanese Surrender,1I and Rufus E. Miles, Jr., lithe Strange Myth of Half a Million Lives Saved," and comment by Martin J. Sherwin and David A. Rosenberg. 2

3 Annual Business Meeting The 1985 business meeting is scheduled for Sunday, 29 December, 5:00 7:00 p.m., in Meeting Room 7 on the 5th floor of the Marriott Marquis. The Chairman of the ACHSWW and Vice President of the International Committee, Arthur L. Funk, will give a report on the meeting of the International Committee held in Stuttgart at the end of August. There will also be reports on the conference on "World War II and the Shaping of Modern America" being held in April 1986 at Rutgers in Newark, and on plans for next year's annual meeting of the ACHSWW, to be held, in conjunction with that of the AHA, in December 1986 in Chicago. CONFERENCE ON WORLD WAR II AND THE SHAPING OF MODERN AMERICA A public conference at the Newark campus of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, on "World War II and the Shaping of Modern America" will be conducted 4-6 April Sessions will deal with literature, film, women, race relations, medicine, international relations, intelligence, and warfare. Among the participants will be Charles Alexander, David Culbert, Benjamin Ferencz, Lloyd Gardner, George Herring, David Kahn, Walter LaFeber, Forrest Pogue, D. C. Watt, and Russell Weigley. For details, contact Prof. Warren F. Kimball, Director, World War II Conference, Rutgers University, Newark, N.J , (201) NEWS FROM WASHINGTON, D.C. U.S. Army Center of Military History The summer 1985 issue of The Army Historian, the quarterly of the Department of the Army's Center of Military History, reports that the CMH is once again headed by a general officer on active duty: In August, the U.S. Army's Chief of Military History, William A. Stofft (formerly Director of the Combat Studies Institute of the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth) was promoted to brigadier general. For information on The Army Historian, write to the Managing Editor at the CMH, 20 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C (The bibliography of periodical literature on military history appended to this newsletter was reproduced, as noted, from The Army Historian, with the understanding of the Chief Historian at CMH, David F. Trask, who represented the ACHSWW at a session this past summer in Stuttgart.) Military Records Branch, U.S. National Archives On 1 October 1985, the Military Archives Division of the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration was reorganized. The Modern Military Headquarters Branch and the Navy and Old Army Branch were replaced by two new units: the Military Projects Branch and, of particular interest to ACHSWW members, the Military Reference Branch. Like the former Modern Military Headquarters Branch, of which it may be seen as an out 3

4 growth, the Military Reference Branch is located in Room 13W of the National Archives Building on Pa. Ave., N.W., and is headed by Robert Wolfe, a veteran director of the ACHSWW. Also like "Modern Military," the Military Reference Branch has World War II captured military records. However, instead of being able to concentrate on recent, highechelon U.S. military records, the new branch, under the reorganization, is to handle the military and related records in the Archives Building dating as far back as the last quarter of the eighteenth century. (The name of the Modern Military Field Branch in Suitland, Md., has been shortened to Military Field Branch, but the branch was not restructured in the reorganization.) INTERNATIONAL NEWS International Committee Elections In the elections at the meeting of the International Committee for the History of the Second World War, held on 31 August 185 in Stuttgart, the International Committee's founding president, Henri Michel (France), was elected honorary president. The secretary, Jean Vanwelkenhuyzen (Belgium), was elected president. The offices of secretary and treasurer were combined and the former treasurer, Harry Paape (Netherlands) was elected secretary-treasurer. The International Committee's bulletin, previously the responsibility of the secretary or treasurer, is now to be issued by Mme. V. Moisuc (Romania). The representatives of Romania and Yugoslavia on the executive committee (i.e., the Bureau) of the International Committee, Gen. Gheorghe Zaharia and Dusan Biber, respectively, were elected vice presidents, and the four incumbent vicepresidents, Gen. Pavel Zhilin (U.S.S.R.), Czeslaw Madajczyk (Poland), Sir F. William Deakin (U.K.), and Arthur L. Funk (U.S.A.) were reelected. World War II Studies at Two Centers in Paris When the French Committee on the History of the Second World War was dissolved in the form in which it had been directed by Henri Michel as a standing inter-ministerial committee of the government, several of its functions were assumed by two centers of historical studies in Paris: Historical Institute for Contemporary Conflicts The Institut d'histoire des Conflits Contemporains (Hotel National des Invalides, Paris) publishes the Revue d'histoire de la 2e Guerre Mondiale et des Conflits Contemporains. Henri Michel is the director of the quarterly the Institute's director, Guy Pedroncini, is editor in chief. Since 1950 the Revue has published 137 issues with over 500 articles and almost 2000 book reviews. A list of the contents of the first hundred issues was published in a special number in 1977; and the Institute has a computer listing of all articles and reviews by author and by topic. 4

5 The Institute has over a dozen specialized research commissions. One of them, chaired by General Delmas, focusses primarily on the Second World War. Among the others concerned with various aspects of the war are the commissions dealing with navy matters (Admiral Chatelle), Indo-China (Jacques Valette), Aeronautics and Space (Gen. Christienne), and International Relations (Jean-Claude Allain). Inquiries regarding the Revue or the work of the commissions are invited through the Institute. Institute for History of Current Historical Events The library of the French Committee on the History of the Second World War went to the Institut d'histoire du Temps Present (80b, rue Lecourbe, Paris), directed by Fran90is Bedarida. Although the work of the Institute, which is regularly reported in its quarterly bulletin, is by no means limited to the era of the Second World War, it continues an active research program on the World War II period. To cite but one example, a study is currently being made of the experiences of former inmates of the women's camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Its purpose is to identify the ways in which they adapted and survived in the camp and to learn of the problems faced by the survivors after liberation. Apart from the intrinsic value of the findings regarding the inmates, the systematic comparison of written and oral accounts may, it is hoped, have methodological value as a case study in oral history. ARCHIVAL RESOURCES NSA/CSS Cryptologic Documents Attached as an appendix to this newsletter is a cumulative listing of National Security Agency cryptologic documents offered to and accepted by the U.S. National Archives as of October (Previous cumulative listings were carried in the Fall 1984 and Fall 1982 issues.) The attachment includes many previously unlisted special research histories in the SRH series (including SRH-306, "OP20G, Exploits and Commendations World War II," , NSG, 151 pp., and SRH-349, "The Achievements of the Signal Security Agency in World War II," February 1 946, pp.). There are also several documents from series from which there have ben no previous accessions. The SRIA, SRIB, SRIC, and SRID series are comprised (as indicated in the "Legend" at the beginning of the October 1985 list) of individual translations of German Abwehr messages and of messages between Germany and clandestine agents operating in Europe, in Africa, in the Western Hemisphere, and in the Far East. A total of 13,148 pp. of documentation is listed as having been accessioned from these four series alone. The attached listing also includes records of historical cryptologic import in four series: SRMA, from the U.S. Army; SRMF, from the U.S. Air Force; SRMN, from the U.S. Navy; and SRMD, from cryptologic or joint U.S. agencies. Among the documents listed in the Navy series are the 267-page "OP-20-G File of Memoranda and Reports Relating to the 5

6 Battle of Midway, " (SRMN-005) and a file on "Japanese Espionage Activities in the United States, " (SRMN-007, 188 pp.). The October 1985 list includes a number of documents from the interwar period dealing with the First World War, e.g, SRH-310 and SRH-311 on German military ciphers in 1917 and 1918, SRH-327 on German diplomatic codes employed in World War I, and SRMN-003, "Instructions for Safeguarding and Using Navy Cipher Box, Mark II," The NSA/CSS Cryptographic Documents are deposited in the U.S. National Archives in Record Group 457, in the Military Records Branch (formerly Modern Military Headquarters Branch) in Room 13W of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. More specific information is available directly from Mr. John E. Taylor, Military Records Branch, U.S. National Archives, Washington, D.C , who may be reached by telephone at (202) Those planning to visit the Military Records Branch during the summer of 1986 may wish to consider the possible advantages of advance consultation. During the summer of 1985, the daily number of visitors to the Modern Military Branch averaged almost twice what it had been the summer before: twenty-nine in summer 1985, compared to sixteen a year earlier; the daily average of over thirty-six during the week of July 1985 peaked at forty-eight on the 16th. Considering the substantially broadened scope of responsibility following the reorganization noted above, not to mention the possibility of substantially increased interest due to continuing accessions from NSA and CIA, the staff of the Military Records Branch may well have more researchers than ever turning to them next summer. They are best able to give thoughtful help to those who write (or telephone) well in advance, clearly defining their areas of enquiry and the scope of their research. ass Documentation Other Accessions, Openings, and Declassifications In the past few months, the CIA has transferred a large amount of ass documentation to the National Archives, adding to the important body of operational records recently deposited in Record Group 226. (The initial accesion of these records was described in some detail in the Fall 1984 issue of this newsletter.) Like the NSA/CSS cryptographic documentation cited above, these ass records are in the Military Records Branch. Records of the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) and the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) have not yet been received, but may be forthcoming in Treasury Department Records, The Judicial, Fiscal, and Social Branch of the Civil Archives Division of the National Archives has accessioned three groups of records (in Record Group 56) from the Treasury: 55 cubic feet of central files of the Office of the Secretary, , including the project papers for a never published administrative history of Treasury Department wartime activities; 1.8 cubic feet of records of war loans and savings bonds promotions, , including posters, pamphlets, etc.; and 21.5 cubic feet of National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policy (NAC) records, , with material on Asian and Eu 6

7 ropean redevelopment and correspondence with the Export-Import Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Departments of State, Commerce, and Defense. The Alexander Sachs Papers at the FDR Library The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library has received the papers of the late Dr. Alexander Sachs (120 cubic feet), a collection of correspondence, economic charts, tables, and reports for the years Chief of the economic research division of the National Recovery Administration during the 1930s, Dr. Sachs, a Russian-born economist, served as economic advisor to the Petroleum Industry War Council and as special counsel to the Director of the oss. On 11 October 1939, immediately after the fall of Poland, Sachs delivered to the White House a letter from Albert Einstein advising President Roosevelt of the potential use of uranium to produce a nuclear chain reaction. The ensuing political chain reaction led to the "Manhattan Project" and the development of the atomic bomb. (The Einstein letter is printed as an appendix to Dr. Vincent C. Jones' Manhattan: The Army and the Atomic Bomb, published earlier this year by the Center of Military History.) BIBLIOGRAPHY A Biography of the First U.S. Army Chief of Military History Leslie Anders. Gentle Knight: The Life and Times of Major General Edwin Forrest Harding. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, X & 384 pp. Maps, photographs, notes, essay on sources, & index. In November 1945, shortly before his retirement as chief of staff, General George C. Marshall established the Historical Division, War Department Special Staff, with Major General Forrest Harding as director. Harding laid the groundwork for what is now the U.s. Army's Center of Military History, was instrumental in securing the services of Kent Roberts Greenfield as Chief Historian, and launched the professional historiographical program that led to the production of the monumental series on The U.S. Army in World War II. Before Harding's retirement late in 1946, the new chief of staff, Dwight Eisenhower, had confirmed the standing of the position he had established by upgrading its title from that of a staff division director to Chief of Military History. Leslie Anders, formerly an historian in the Office of the Chief of Engineers, now Professor of History at Central Missouri University, has written a biography worthy of its distinguished subject. Moreover, in providing this readable account of the life and times of one of the finest representatives of the modern American military tradition, he has produced a work that provides invaluable insight into the social and intellectual history of the officer corps of the U.s. Army. The wellwritten text is documented with thirty-five pages of backnotes, supplemented by an essay on the secondary literature, the author's extensive correspondence and interviews, and the archival sources utilized in many depositories, including the personal papers in the Harding Memorial Museum, the late general's former family home, in Franklin, Ohio. 7

8 Born in 1886 in that southwestern Ohio town (where he died in 1970), Forrest Harding was a 1909 graduate of West Point--and a classmate of three future full generals in the U.S. Army, Jacob Devers, George Patton, and William Simpson, and two in the Chinese Army, Ting Chia-chen and Ying Hsing-wen. He returned to West Point to teach during the superintendancy of Douglas MacArthur, but came to identify himself much more closely with George Marshall, under whom he first served, in the 1920s, with the Fifteenth Infantry in Tientsin, China, and later, in the early 1930s, as a faculty member at the Infantry School in Fort Benning, Georgia. From 1934 to 1938, he was editor of The Infantry Journal, which under his direction became a leading professional journal in its field and made a significant contribution to the professionalization of the U.S. Army officer corps--not to mention establishing Harding's own reputation as one of the best minds in the Army. In 1940, during the prewar expansion, Harding received his first star, and early in 1942, soon after Pearl Harbor, his second, when he was promoted to major general and made commander of the Thirty-Second Infantry Division, a National Guard unit from Michigan and Wisconsin. Nine months later, in November 1942, Harding led his division in the U.S. Army's first counter-offensive against the Japanese. This was in southeastern New Guinea, off the northern coast of Australia. Goaded by Australian reproaches, if not by his own ambition, the Supreme Allied Commander of the Southwest Pacific Area, General Douglas MacArthur, was determined not only to stop the advance of the Japanese toward Australia, but to turn them back by a counter-offensive. Professor Anders, known for his work on the Burma campaign and the Ledo Road, gives a clear picture of MacArthur's ill-advised deployment of the green division, without artillery, tanks, or coordinated air support, against strong Japanese positions in the Papuan jungle, notwithstanding the misgivings of Harding's corps commander (and West Point classmate), Lt. Gen. Robert Eichelberger. MacArthur was in a hurry. He ordered that Buna be captured. When, as inevitable, the initial attempt did not succeed, he made Harding the scapegoat, ordering Eichelberger to relieve him and to "take Buna, or not come back alive." Eichelberger replaced Harding at the beginning of December, took Buna, and did come back alive. But by the middle of December 1942, he was the only unwounded American general left at the front. It was a full month, to the day, after Harding's relief, before the last of the Japanese bunkers could be overrun. The operation cost eighty-five hundred Allied battle casualties, twenty-six hundred of them in the Thirty-second Division alone. (Anders points out that if one takes into account the fiftythree hundred in the division who came down with malaria, the total number of "casualties from 'all causes' constituted a heavy majority of the eleven thousand... poured into Buna's cauldron. ") Harding's biographer makes it clear that MacArthur, after having had Harding abruptly relieved, made a point of treating him with kid gloves. Harding left the Southwest Pacific Area Theater with the Silver Star for personal gallantry under fire and with the recommendation that he be assigned command of a combat division in another theater. Instead, Marshall made him Commanding General of the Panama Mobile Force, a tactical command that played an important part in the training of other units for jungle warfare--something in which Harding had acquired valuable experience. In 1944, he was ordered to San Juan, Puerto Rico, to command the Department of the Antilles. He returned in the summer of 1945 to Washington to serve on the Joint Postwar Planning Committee 8

9 of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Soon thereafter, Marshall, in qne of the last assignments of his long tenure as chief of staff--he had succeeded Malin Craig on 1 September entrusted his old friend with the Military History Division, the final post of Harding's career, and probably the one in which he made his most enduring contribution. Bibliographies of German Military, Air, and Naval History Derinis E. Showalter. German Military History, : A Critical Bibliography. Military History Bibliographies, Vol. 3. New York & London: Garland Publ., Inc., pp. An extensive listing of books and articles in German, English, and French, with an author index, organized by periods. The individual entries are unannotated, but many of the works are discussed in critical bibliographical essays at the beginning of each segment. Edward L. Homze. German Military Aviation: A Guide to the Literature. Military History Bibliographies, Vol. 2. New York & London: Garland Publ., Inc., pp. Like the foregoing bibliography in the same series, this is an extensive listing of pertinent works with bibliographical essays on the major periods (early flight, World War I, the interwar period, World War II, and the postwar period) and an author index. Keith W. Bird. German Naval History: A Guide to the Literature. Military History Bibliographies, Vol. 7. New York & London: Garland Publ., Inc., pp. Published in the same series as the bibliographies listed above, this substantially longer volume is differently structured; the 4871 titles on German naval (and maritime) history are in a single list, alphabetized by author, in the last third of the volume, following an extensive historiographical study (printed from double-spaced camera-ready typescript) of German naval history in the context of German history. A Bibliography of Works in English Published Since 1975 Arthur L. Funk. The Second World War: A Select Bibliography of Works in English Published Since Claremont: Regina Books, pp. This volume was compiled, as noted on the title page, "for the American Committee on the History of the Second World War on the occasion of the 16th International Congress of Historical Sciences meeting in Stuttgart, August 1985." It is a continuation of "A Select Bibliography of Books on the Second World War in English Published in the United States, ," prepared by the Chairman of the ACHSWW as a pamphlet on the occasion of the 14th International Historical Congress in San Francisco in 1975, as a continuation, in turn, of Janet Ziegler's World War II: Books in English, , Hoover Institution Bibliographical Series, 45 (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1971). Not intended to to serve as a comprehensive bibliography with balanced coverage, it is a useful working checklist of 2132 enumerated but unannotated titles, followed by author and subject indices, of recent monographs and references--citing, for example, fifty-two bibliographies and thirty research guides in the first dozen pages alone. 9

10 PROFESSIONAL READING Periodical Literature in English on the Study, Use, and Teaching of Military History Hardpresscd Army histnrians. civilian and military. arc often asked to explain what it is that they and their colleagues do and can do fnr the Army. Mosl of us usually mumble something about learning from the past. often lacking the time to sit down and define with any precision what history in the Army means. Although bihliographies on military historical subjects abound. we have also lacked an up-todate bibliography of periodical literature on how military history can be studied. used. and taught. The following list. taken primarily from military and historical journals throughout the English-speaking world. represents a wealth of shared ideas on the profession and its applications. Th ' Army Historian prints it here for whatever use our colleagues can make of it. Additions and corrections from readers arc more than welcome. Ageton. Arthur A. "Are the Lessons of History No Longer Valid')"' Military Reviell'. 23 (February 1953): Ballagh. R.S., and Michael R. Matheny. "The Battalion Staff Duty Officer Approach." The Army Historian, 4 (Summer 1984): 4-5. Banner. James M.. Jr. "The Season of Applied History: Challenging the Frustrations." NCPH Newsletter. 3 (Spring 1983): 1-3. Barclay. C.N. "The Writing and Production of a Regimental History." Ann." Quanerly. 74 (April 1957); X "Military History: The Cult of Denigration." Army Quarterly, 84 (April 1962); Beaumont, Roger A. "Military Fiction and Role: Some Problems and Perspectives. " Military Affairs, 39 (April 1975): Bittner. Donald F. "Military History at the 'Command and Staff. " Fortitudine, 13 (Winter 1984): Blumenson, Martin. "Can Official History Be Honest History?" Military Affairs, 26 (Winter 1%2): "Why Military History?" Army, 25 (January 1975): Bond, Brian. "Some Attractions and Pitfalls of Military History." Miliwry Rel'iell', 45 (February 1%5): Burns, John H. "What About Military History?" Infantry Journal. 45 (July-August 1938): Caldwell, Frank C. "Every Marine an Historian." Marine Corps Gaette. 50 (March 1966): Callahan, Raymond. "Three Faces of Military History." The Arm\' Historian, 3 (Spring 1984): Case, Lyn M. "The Military Historian Overseas." American Association ofunil'crsiry Professors Bulletin, 34 (Summer 1948): Chaney. Otto P.. Jr. "The Agony of Soviet Military Historians." Militan Review, 48 (June 1968): Coffman, Edward M: "The New American Military History." Military Affairs, 48 (January 1984): 1-5. Colby, Elbridge. "Roads of Research Beyond Books." Military Affairs. 31 (Summer 1967): Cole, Hugh H. "Writing Contemporary Military History." Militan' Affairs. 12 (Fall 1948): Conn, Stetson. "The Pursuit of Military History." Military Affairs, 30 (Spring 1966): "Army Historical Work, Past and Present." Army Dig 'st, 22 (June 1967): Cooling, Benjamin F., Ill. "Military History for the Military Professional." Parameters, 1 (Winter 1972): "Technology and the Frontiers of Military History." Military Affairs. 39 (December 1975): Corvisier, Andre. "Research in Military History in France: The Application of Data Processing Techniques." WarandSociety. I (September 1983): Cunningham, John T. "Historian on the Douhle. American Heritage, 19 (June 1968): Depuy, Trevor N. "History and Modern Battle." Army, 32 (November 1982): Diner, Steven J. "Writing History for Policymakers: A Follow-up." AHA Perspectives, 21 (April 1983); 8. Ekrich, Arthur A., Jr., "Military History: A Civilian Caveat." Military Affairs, 21 (Summer 1957): Emerson, William R., "The Reading of Military History." Military Affairs, 22 (Fall 1958): Falls, Cyril. "The Value of Military History." Journal of the Royal Artillery, 79 (July 1952): Feld, Maury D. "The Writing of Military History." Military Affairs, 22 (Spring 1958): Ferguson, James H. "The Military Historian Gocs 'Where the Action Is.'" Army DiRest, 24 (August 1969): Finley, James P. "Army Museums and Military History Education." The Army Historian, 7 (Spring 1985): 1-2. Gailey, Harry H., George E. Moore, and Embert J. Henderson. "The Universities and the Teaching of Military Subjects on Third World Areas." Military Affairs, 41 (April 1977): Garland, Albert N. "Some Thoughts on the Writing of Military History." Military Affairs, 35 (February 197 1): Gilbert, Felix. "Form Clausewitz to Delhruck and Hintze: Achievements and Failures of Military History." Journal of StrateKic Studies, 3 (December 1980): The ARMY HISTORIAN

11 Glover. Richard. "War and Civilian Historians." Journal of the History of Ideas. 18 (January 1957): Goldberg. Alfred. "A Message for Field Historians: Your Work is Important." The Army Historian. 7 (Spring 1985): Gooch, John. "Clio and Mars: The Use and Abuse of History." Journal of Strategic Studies, 3 (December 1980): Hamburger. Kenneth E.. and Robert Mixon. "Military History for Civilian Teachers-USMA Educates the Professors." Anny, 34 (June 1984): Harahan, Pat, and Jim Davis. "Historians and the American Military: Past Experience and Future Expectations." The Public Historian, 5 (Summer 1983): Hardcastle, Bruce D. "Logistical History." The Army Hisron'an, 2 (Winter 1984): "Strategic Thought." The Anny Historian. 3 (Spring 1984): Harris, H.E.D. "The Value of History to the Soldier." Army Quarterly, 85 (October 1962): Hassler, Warren W., Jr. "Military History: The Army's Pivotal Study." Military Review, 56 (October 1976): Hayes. John D. "Military Historians and Departmental Histories." Military Affairs, 19 (Summer 1955): "The Military Officer and His History. " Milita'}' Affairs, 19 (Spring 1955): 65.. "The Teaching of Military History." Military Affairs, 20 (Spring 1956): 64. Higgins, Trumbull. "The Anglo-American Historians' War in the Mediterranean." Milita'}' Affairs, 34 (October 1970): Higham, Robin. "If You Don't Read History, You'll Repeat It." Military Review, 53 (May 1973): Holley, LB.. Jr. "On History and Staff Work." Air University Review, 21 (January-February, 1970): (Review article) Howard. Michael. "The Demand for Military History." Military Review, 51 (May 1971): Digest of article of the same title in Time Litera'}' Supplemenr (13 November 1969): "The Use and Abuse of Military History." Parameters, II (March 1981): Reprint from Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, 107 (February 1962): 4-8. Huston, James A. "The Uses of History." Military Review, 37 (June 1957): Hutchinson, William T. "The American Historian in Wartime." Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 29 (September 1942): James, Robert R. "Thoughts on Writing Military History. " Journal ofthe Royal United Service Institution, III (May 1966): Jessup, John E. "Soviet Military History: Efforts and Results." Military Review, 53 (June 1973): Kaegi. Walter Emil, Jr. "The Crisis in Military. Historiography." Anned Forces and Society, 7 (Winter 1981): Kahn, David. "World War II History: The Biggest Hole." Military Affairs, 39 (April 1975): Karas, Alexander. "Military History: Its Place in Professional Military Education in the Australian Army., Ann)' Journal (Australia), 303 (August 1974): Karsten, Peter. "Demilitarizing Military History: Servants of Power or Agents of Understanding?" Military Affairs, 36 (October 1972): "The 'New' American Military History: A Map of the Territory, Explored and Unexplored." American Quarrerly, 36 (Fall 1984): Keegan, John. "The Historian and Battle. " International Securit)', 3 (Winter ): Kennett, Lee. "Military History in France." Milita'}' Affairs, 42 (October 1978): Keogh, E.G. "The Study of Military History.,. Anny Journal (Australia), 224 (January 1968): 3ff. Kleber, Brooks E. "The Army Looks at Its Need for Military History." Military Affairs, 37 (April 1973): "History and Military Education: The U.S. Army." Military Affairs, 42 (October 1978): Kohn, Richard. "The Social History of the American Soldier: A Review and Prospectus for Research." American Historical Review, 86 (June 1981): Lane, Jack C. "American Military Past: The Need for New Approaches." Military Affairs, 41 (October 1977): Liddell Hart, B.H. "Responsibility and Judgment in Historical Writing." Military Affairs, 23 (Spring 1959): Loughrey, K.A. "A Letter to My Brigadier-An Essay on Formal Training in Military History as a Necessary Part of Officer Development." Defence Force Journal. 40 (May/June 1983): Lundberg, David. "The American Literature of War: The Civil War, World War I, and World War II." American Quarrerly, 36 (Fall 1984): Luvaas, Jay. "The First British Official Historians." Military Affairs, 26 (Summer 1962): "Military History: Is it Still Practicable?" Parameters, 12 (March 1982): "Military History and Officer Education: Some Personal Reflections." The Army Historian, 6 (Winter 1985): Lynn, John A. "Military History in the Classroom: A Strategy for Enrollments." Military Affairs, 43 (December 1979): McQuie, Robert. "Military History and Mathematical Analysis." Military Review, 50 (May 1970): Mahon, John K. "Teaching and Research in Military History in the United States." The Historian, 27 (February 1965): Margrave, Thomas E.C. "Military History and the Junior Officer." Armor, 81 (March-April 1972): Matloff, Maurice. "Government and Public History: The Army." The Public Historian, 2 (Spring 1980): "The Present State and Future Directions of Military History." The Anny Historian, 2 (Winter 1984): Megargee, Richard. "History and Military Education." Naval War College Review, 30 (Spring 1978): Mets, David R. "Review Article: History, War and the Military Professional." Naval War College Review, 34 (January-February 1982): Millett, Allan R. "Clio and Mars." Armed Forces and Society, 4 (Winter 1978): "Military History and the Professional Officer." Marine Corps Gazette. 51 (April 1967): 51.. "The Study of American Military History in the United States." Military Affairs, 41 (April 1977):

12 Moore, Jamie W. "History, the Historian, and the Corps of Engineers." The Public Historian, 3 (Winter 1981): Morison. Samuel Eliot. "Faith ofa Historian." American HisTOrical Re'iew. 56 (January 1951): Morton. Louis. "Historia Mentem Armet: Lessons of the Past." World Politics. 22 (January 1960): "The Historian and the Study of War." Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 48 (March 1962): Nihart. Brooke. "Military History Buffs: Popularizing the Unpopular." Armed Forces Journal, 109 (August 1972): Nye, Roger H. "The Anny Historians: Who Are They?" The Army Historian, I (Fall 1983): 6-8. Offer, Avner. "Using the Past in Britain: Retrospect and Prospect." The Public Historian, 6 (Fall 1984): Section on official war history. Oleck, Howard L. "Historical Reporting of Ground Operations." Armored Cavalry Journal, 58 (January February 1949): Paret, Peter. "The History of War." Daedalus, 100 (Spring 1971): 376-3%.. "Hans Delbruck on Military Critics and Military Historians," Military Affairs, 30 (Fall 1966): , Charles B, MacDonald, C.P. Stacey, John Shy, and Leonard Krieger. "Contemporary History and War." Military Affairs, 32 (Spring 1968): Paschall, Jim R. "The Army Historian and Combat Developments." The Army Historian. 5 (Fall 1984): 5-6. Patton, George S., Jr. "Success in War." Cavalry Journal,4O (January 1931): Porch, Douglas. "Military History." HistoricalJournal, 24 (1981): Possony. Stefan T., and Dale O. Smith. "The Utility of Military History." Military Affairs, 22 (Winter ): Pound, G.G. "Lies, Statistics, and Military History." Defence Force Journal, 22 (May-June 1980): Rainey, James W., and Robert W. Mixon, Jr. "Historical Mindedness in the Israeli Defense Forces." Military Review, 64 (June 1984): Ransone. James F., Jr. "The Future of Studying the Past: Infonnal Minutes of a Military History Workshop." Military Review, 56 (November 1976): Record, Jeffrey. "On the Lessons of Military History." Military Review, 65 (August 1985): Reynolds, Clark G. "American Strategic History and Doctrines: A Reconsideration." Military Affairs, 39 (December 1975): Rightmyer, Don. "Military History and Leadership: Some Generals Speak." The Army Historian, 4 (Summer 1984): 6-7. Robinett, Paul M., "Advantages to be Derived from the Study of American Military History. " Military Review, 31 (June 1951): "The Exploitation of History by the United States Anny.' Military Review, 34 (December 1954): ' "History and the Military Profession." Military Review, 34 (May 1954): "The Study of Military History." Military Affairs, 18 (Spring 1954): "Observations on Military History." Military Review, 36 (December 1956): Ropp, Theodore. "Military Historical Scholarship Since 1937." Military Affairs. 41 (April 1977): "Military History and the Social Sciences." Military Affairs. 30 (Spring 19(6): "The Teaching of Military History." Military Affairs, 13 (Spring 1949): Rosenberg, David A. "Classified History Declassified: The Uses and Abuses of Top Secret Scholarship." Reviews in American History. 9 (September 1981): Roskill, S.W. "History: Dust Heap or Cornerstonc'!" U.S. Navallnstitutc' Procec'dinK,\', 92 (January 19(6): Rothenberg, Gunther E., and Dennis Parks, "European Military History in America: The State of the Art." Military Affairs, 41 (April 1977): Sandler, Stanley. "History and the Military." Military Review, 52 (January 1972): 26-3 J. Scheips, Paul J. "The Historian and the Nature of History: Some Reflections for Air Force Historians." Militan' Affairs, 16 (Fall 1952): "Military History and Peace Research." Military Affairs, 36 (October 1972): "What is a Public Historian?" The PubliC' Historian, 2 (Summer 1980): Shaw, Henry I., Jr. "The Historian of the British Anny," Military Affairs, 18 (FalI 1954): Showalter, Dennis E. "A Modest Plea for Drums and Trumpets." Military Affairs, 39 (April 1975): Shy, John. "The American Military Experience: History and Learning." Journal of Interdisciplinary History. I (Winter 1971): Simons, William E. "The Study of History and thc Military Leader." Military Affairs, 26 (Spring 1962): Sixsmith, E.K.G. "Military History or War Studies." Army QunrterlyandDefenceJournal, 101 (July 1971): Smith, M.G. "Generalship and the Importance of Military History." Army Journal (Australia), 257 (October 1970): Spector, Ronald. "Getting Down To The Nitty-Gritty: Military History, Official History and the American Experience In Vietnam." Military Affairs, 38 (February 1974): Spiller, Roger J. "'00 the Wrong Side of the Tapestry. '" The Army Historian, 4 (Summer 1984): Stacey, C.P. "The Life and Hard Times of an Official Historian." Canadian Historical Review, 51 (March 1970): Stuart, Reginald C. "War, Society, and the 'New' Military History of the United States," Canadian Re'iew ofamerican Studies, 8 (Spring 1977): Syrett, David. "The John F. Morrison Profes.'ior of Military History." Military Review, 53 (May 1983): Trask, David F. "The 'New Military History' and Army Historians." The Army Historian, 5 (Fall 1984): Van Creveld, Martin. "Caesar's Ghost: Military History and the Wars of the Future." The Washington Quarterly, 3 (Winter 1980): Wickham, John A., Jr. "The Professional Soldier and History." The Army Hi.lOrian, 4 (Summer 1984): 1-2. Wike, John W. "History and the U.S. Army." Infantry. 54 (May-June 1964): 61-63; 54 (July-August 1964): The ARMY HISTORIAN

13 Williams, E.G. "The Study of Military History." Canadian Anny Journal. 14 (Spring 1960): Wilson, Tyson. "The Case for Military History and Research." Military Affairs, 21 (Summer 1957):. Winton. Harold R. and Harmut H. Lau. "History and the Professional Soldier." Military Review. 54 (April 1974): Woodward, C. Vann. "The Age of Reinterpretation." Amen'can Historical Review, 66 (October 1960): Wright. Robert K., Jr. "Clio in Combat: The Evolution of the Military History Detachment." 1M Anny Historian. 6 (Winter 1985): 3-6. Zierdt. William H. m. "Military History." Armor, 73 (July-August 1964): Zoll. Donald A. "The Decline of Military Literature." Parameters. 2 (Summer-Fall 1972): B.D.H and Robert K. Wright * "B.D.H." is Bruce Dittmar Hardcastle, Managing Editor of The Army Historian IDSD].

14 o r INDEX OF NSA/CSS CRYPTOLOGIC DOCUMENTS OFFERED TO <: m V> THE NATIONAL AHCHIVES OF THE UNI'l'f;l) STATES "(Record Group 457, Military RecorJs Branch, Military Archives Division) As of October 1985

15 LEGEND,<"(C.C. SR- Individual Translations, Ja9anese Army Messages SRA- Individual Translations, Japanese Military Attache Messages SRDG- Individual Translations, German Diplomatic Messages SRDJ- Individual Translations, Japanese Diplomatic Messages SRF- Individual Translations, Japanese Air Messages SRGL- Individual Translatiqns, German Navy Liaison Berlin/Tokyo Msgs. SRGN-. \ Individual Translatl0ns, I German U Boat Messages SRH- Histories SRIA- Individual Translations, German Abwehr Messages SRIB- Individual Translations, Messages between Germany and clandestine agents operating in Europe and Africa SRIC- Individual Translations, Messages between Germany and clandestine agents operating in the Western HemispheJ SRID- Individual Translations, Messages between German clandestine agents operating in the Far East SRMA- Discrete records the u.s. Army of historical cryptologic import originated by V) UJ > :r IV) -0.oJ - 0 UJ u; ex: - SR..-D- 0 Ī UJ :I: -IilS SRMF- SRMN- SRN SRNA SRNM SRNS SRQ SRR SRS- Discrete records of historical cryptologic import involving joint service and/or u.s. Gov't cryptologic agencies or joint service and/or U.S. Gov't agencies Discrete records of historical cryptologic import originated by the u.s. Air Force Discrete records of historical cryptologic import originated by the u.s. Navy Individual Translations, Individual Translations, Miscellaneous records pertaining to Japanese Naval Communications Summaries Unclassified Technical Documents Individual Translations, Summaries Japanese Navy Messages Japanese Naval Attache Messages Japanese Naval Radio Intelligence Japanese Water Transport Messages For detailed lis4 see page 4 of this index

16 (.-, "-. ( \. SR-01 thru SR-1)82 SR-183 thru SR-221 SR-522 thru SR-1&679 SR-18,680 thru SR-2180 SR-26,304 thru SR- 28,600 SR-29,119 thru SR-29,653 SR-36,S06 thru SR-43,314 SR-49,70S thru SR-54,894 SR-55,529 thru SR-55,755 SR-22,lSl thru SR-26,303 SR-2S,601 thru SR-29,118 SR-29,654 thru SR-36f805 SR-43,315 thru SR-49,707 SR-54,S95 thru SR-55;>28 SR-55i756 thru SR-5S,51S SR-58,B89 thru SR-63,051 SR-64,839 thru SR-65,124 SR-66,762 thru SR-66,984 SR-5&,520 thru SR-5S,B88 SR-63,052 thru SR-64fi38 SR-65r152 thru SR-66,761 SR-6&985 thru SR-77p09 VI W > SR thru SR-136,869 (Less SR-101,605 thru 103,799, and SR-105,640 thru 105,900 - NOT USED) Translation Reports of Japanese Intercept World War II - Mar 1942 to Sep 1944, Five Volumes (1,306 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages, June 1943 to Nov 1944 (4,113 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages, (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (13,428 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (6,334 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (11,923 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (ls,137 pages) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (Total pages: 7,560) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (Total pages: 509) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (Total pages: 13,SlS) ) Translations of Japanese Army Messages (Japanese Ground Forces) Dates: (Total pages: 57,404) W :I: I<o ō..j.. o w uj ex: 1

17 c <II UJ :> SRA-l thru SRA-6,946 SRA-6,947 thru 18,500 SRDGOOl thru 1,170 SRDJ-001 thru 9,360 SRDJ-9,361 thru 19,978 SRDG-1,171 thru 4,872 SRDG-4,873 thru 7,195 SRDJ-19,978 thru 32,199 SRDG-7,196 thru 18,750 SRDJ-32,201 thru 43,166 SRDJ-43,167 thru 113,784 SRDG-18,751 thru 30,304 SRDG-24,378A thru 24,378F SRDJ-74,434A thru 74,434DT SRDJ-113,785 thru 114,399 SRDJ-115,132 thru 115,614 SRF-OOl thru SRF-55,792 SRGL-OOOl thru 2,964 SRGN-OOl thru 49,461 SRHN-49,462 thru 49,668 SRIA-OOOl thru 1,550 aeanese ArAt.Fhe 'J:'ranslations? June 1943 to Aug [6,946 pages) Ja;eanese Army Attache Translations, June 1943 to Aug 1945 (Total pagesg 11,553) Japanese-German Diplo Messages Dates: (Total pages: lop528) Japane?-German D!.E,lomatic J.I>ssage. Dates: Apr 1941 to Jan 1942 (Total I pages: 14,320) \ Japanes-German p.iplomatic Message. Dates Feb 1942 to Feb 1943 (Total pages: 14 u 544) Eanese-G Dipmati Mage Dates: Feb 1943 to Sep 194Tota1 pages: 22 u 520) Japanese-German Dimatic Translations Dates: Sep 1943 to Mar 1946 (Total pages 82,299) Japanese DiDlomatic Translations Dates: Sep 1939 to Mar 1945otal pages ; 1, 823 ) Translations of Japaneseorce Messaqes Dates: (Total pages 55,792) German Navy Liaison: Berlin/Tokyo Msgs, Individual Translations, 1 Jun 1942 to 22 May 1945 (Total pages 2 f 964) German NYYLUBoat Messa e Translations & Summaries g 2 Feb 1941 to 9 Jul 1945 (U.S.) 10 Aug 1944 to 6 May 1945 (Bri-tish).. (Total pages: 49,668) Gean Abwehr Translations, Dates: 1942 (Tota1 pages: 1,550). SRIB-OOOl thru 7,361.1 SRIC-0001 thru 4,164 SRID-Ol thru 73 German Clandestine Translations, Dat.es: i5 (Total pages 736l) German Clandestine Translations, Dates: (Total pages: 4,164) German Clandestine Translations, Dates: (Total pages:? 3) 2

18 c SRN-OOI thru SR-125,093 and SRNA-OOI thru SRNA-5,324 Translations bfjap'anese Navy Messages, Japanese Naval Foces. Dates: (Total pages: 130,416) Vl W > SRN-125,094 thru 129,615 SRN-129,616 thru 133,367 SRN-133,368 thru 165, 038 S-165,039 thru 290,908 SRNM-l thru SM-l,292 SRS-OOOI thru SS-1,289 SRS-1,290 thru SRNS-l,458 SRNS-l,459 thru SS-l,516 SRO-OOI SRQ-Ol SR0.-02 SRR-OOI thru SRR-44,326, Japan'ese Navy Messages, (4,521 pages) Translation of Japanese Navy Messages, Japanese Naval Forces, 5 Dec Mar 42, Naval Communications DIV-OP-20-G (3,752 pages) Translation of Japanese Naval Forces, WWII, \ 19 Dec Dec 43, CINCPAC (Total pages: ) 31,670), Translations of Japanes'e Naval Forces, wtvii 'CINCPAC, 1 Jan Nov 45 (Total pages: 125,869),, Miscellaneou's Records Pertaining to Japanese Naval Comro:unica'tions, WWII, 13 Mar 42 4 Jun 42, DIV-OP-20-G (Total pages: 1,292) Japanese Naval Radio Intelligence Summaries Dates: (Total pages: 2,882) Summaries of Jaoanese Warship/Fleet/Aircraft Locations and Intentions. Dates: (Total pages: 2,296) Declassified Traffic Intelligence Summaries of Jaoanese Naval Forces, (Total pages: 12, 239) Japanese Romanization of World Wide Place Names. Vols I & II. Date: Dec 1945 (Total pages: 1,029) English Language Statistics Based on a Count of 2,022,000 Letters, Callimahos, July 1973 (32 pages) Recollections Concerning the Birth of One Time Tape and Printing-Tel'egraph MaChine Cryptography, Parker, 1956 [covers period ] (Total pages: 12) Japanese Water Transport. Dates: 6 Apr Jun 44 (Total pages: 44,326) 3