Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 30 Sep

Transcription

1 Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 30 Sep Events in History over the next 30 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Sep Civil War: Battle of Chantilly Confederate forces attack retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia. Casualties and losses: US 1,300 - CSA 800. Sep Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four month siege by General Sherman. Sep WW2: Nazi Germany attacks Poland beginning the war in Europe. Sep Korean War: 13 North Korean divisions open assault on UN lines Sep The United States Air Force Space Command is founded Sep Cold War: Korean Boeing 747 strays into Siberia & is shot down by a Soviet jet. All 269 on board are killed, including United States Congressman Lawrence McDonald. Sep Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, Georgia a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city. Sep Machine gun 1st used in battle Sep WW2: V J Day. Combat ends in the Pacific Theater: The final official surrender of Japan is accepted aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Sep Cold War: United States Air Force C 130A II is shot down by fighters over Yerevan, Armenia when it strays into Soviet airspace while conducting a SIGINT mission. All the crew were lost. Sep American Revolution: During the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, the Flag of the United States is flown in battle for the first time. Sep American Revolution: The war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain. America is officially free from Britain. Sep Indian Wars: In Nebraska, 700 soldiers under American General William S. Harney avenge the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village, killing 100 men, women, and children. Sep Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance. Sep WWI: Allies turned back Germans in WW I's Battle of Verdun. Sep WW2: The United Kingdom and France begin a naval blockade of Germany that lasts until the end of the war. This also marks the beginning of the Battle of the Atlantic. Sep WW2: 1st use of Zyclon B gas in Auschwitz (on Russian prisoners of war)\ Sep WW2: The allied invasion of Italy began on the same day that U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice aboard the Royal Navy battleship HMS Nelson off Malta 1

2 Marshal Pietro Badoglio & U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower Sep War of 1812: Indians kill 24 settlers in the Pigeon Roost Massacre in Indiana. Sep War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Harrison begins when the fort is set on fire. Sep Civil War: Maryland Campaign Gen Lee invades North with 50,000 Confederate troops Sep Indian Wars: After almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo surrenders with his remaining warriors to General Nelson Miles in Arizona ending last major US Indian war. Sep WWI: U.S. troops land in Archangel, Russia, stay 10 months Sep Maiden flight of the first U.S. airship, the USS Shenandoah. Sep WW2: A German submarine makes the first attack against a United States ship (the USS Greer). Sep WW2: Japanese garrison on Wake Island, which they had held since 23 December of 1941, surrenders to a detachment of U.S. Marines. Sep Vietnam: Operation Swift begins: U.S. Marines engage the North Vietnamese in battle in the Que Son Valley. Sep American Revolution: Battle of the Chesapeake The British Navy is repelled by the French Navy, leading to the British surrender at Yorktown. Casualties and losses: FR GB 336 Sep War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Wayne begins when Chief Winamac's forces attack two soldiers returning from the fort's outhouses. Sep Civil War: The Potomac River is crossed at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign. Sep Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. Sep WW2: FDR declares US neutrality at start of WW II in Europe Sep WW2: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, first Japanese defeat in the Pacific War. Sep WW2: The 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Nazdab, near Lae in the Salamaua Lae campaign. Sep Cold War: Igor Gouzenko, a Soviet Union embassy clerk, defects to Canada, exposing Soviet espionage in North America, signaling the beginning of the Cold War. 2

3 Gouzenko wearing his white hood for anonymity Sep Vietnam: My Lai Massacre U.S. Army Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai. Sep Vietnam: Operation Jefferson The United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thiên Hue Province. Sep American Revolution: The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting a British victory. Casualties and losses: US GB 193. Sep Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control of the mouth of the Tennessee River. Sep Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina. Sep Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to German control. Sep Cold War: Soviet air force pilot Lt. Viktor Belenko lands a MiG-25 jet fighter at Hakodate on the island of Hokkaid? in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States. Sep American Revolution: According to American colonial reports, Ezra Lee makes the world's first submarine attack in the Turtle, attempting to attach a time bomb to the hull of HMS Eagle in Sep Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina. Sep Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia, is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman. Sep WW2: Australian and US forces inflict a significant defeat upon the Japanese at the Battle of Milne Bay. Sep Vietnam: In a follow up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula. Sep Cold War: Soviet Air Force pilot Lt. Viktor Belenko lands a MiG 25 jet fighter at Hakodate on the island of Hokkaid in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States. Lt. Viktor Belenko MIG-25 Foxbait 3

4 Sep Civil War: Second Battle of Sabine Pass on the Texas Louisiana border at the mouth of the Sabine River, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas. Sep Honda Point Disaster: Nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost, and twenty three sailors killed. Sep WW2: Gen Eisenhower announced unconditional surrender of Italy in WW II. Sep WW2: The O.B.S. (German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone) in Frascati is bombed by USAAF. Sep Cold War: United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier. Sep Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, California, 48 nations sign a peace treaty with Japan in formal recognition of the end of the Pacific War. Sep USAF Tech Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War, appears in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine with the headline "I Am a Homosexual". He is later given a general discharge. Sep Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee. Sep WWI: Battle of Marne. German advance stalls, Paris saved. Sep WW2: First bombing on continental U.S. soil. A Japanese floatplane flown by Warrant Officer Nobuo Fujita drops an incendiary bomb on Mount Emily, Oregon. Nobuo Fujita standing by his Yokosuka E14Y "Glen" seaplane. Sep WW2: USS Grayling (SS 209). Most likely rammed and sunk by Japanese transport Hokuan Maru, South China Sea west of Luzon. 76 killed. Sep WW2: The Allies land at Salerno and Taranto, Italy. Sep American Revolution: George Washington asks for a spy volunteer, Nathan Hale volunteers. Sep War of 1812: Battle of Lake Erie. U.S. Naval Captain Oliver Hazard Perry defeats a British flotilla. Casualties and losses: US GB 440 Sep Latin America Interventions: Honduras. U.S. Marines land during election campaign. Sep British American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War. Sep American Revolution: Battle of Brandywine The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Casualties and losses: US 1,300 - GB 587. Sep War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington D.C. Sep War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war. Casualties and losses: US GB/CAN 605. Sep U.S. Marines invade Honduras. Sep WW2: FDR orders any Axis ship found in American waters be shot on sight. Sep Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and the Roosevelt administration of pressing for war with Germany 4

5 Sep WW2: The first Allied troops of the U.S. Army cross the western border of Germany. Sep Vietnam: The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in country. Sep : 2,996 people are killed when terrorists hijack four passenger planes crashing into New York's World Trade Towers causing the collapse of both. Another headed toward Washington likely to strike the White House or Capitol. Plane crashed just over 100 miles away in Pennsylvania after passengers stormed the cockpit and overpowered the hijackers. Sep : Terrorists hijack a passenger plane and crash it into the Pentagon causing the death of 125 people. Sep Patriot Day established to remember those who perished in the attack on the United States by radical Islamic terrorists. Sep War of 1812: Battle of North Point An American detachment halts the British land advance to Baltimore. Casualties and losses: US UK 329. Sep Mexican American War: The 2 day Battle of Chapultepec begins. Casualties and losses: US 862 = MEX 2,623. Sep Civil War: The 3 Day Battle of Harpers Ferry VA began.. Sep WWI: St Mihiel France. First U.S. Operation and Victory by an Independent American Army. Sep WW2: First day of the 3 day Battle of Edson's Ridge during the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines protecting Henderson Field on Guadalcanal are attacked by Imperial Japanese Army forces. Casualties and losses: US JP ~1,200. Sep WW2: U.S. Army troops enter Germany for 1st time. Sep War of 1812: In a turning point of the war the British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. During the battle, Francis Scott Key composes his poem "Defense of Fort McHenry", which is later set to music and becomes the United States' national anthem. Sep American Mexican War: U.S. forces under General Winfield Scott capture Mexico City effectively ending the war. Sep Mexican American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. Sep Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam. Sep Civil War: 1st naval battle of the war. Union frigate "Colorado" sinks privateer "Judah" off Pensacola, Fla. Sep Philippine American War: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa. 5

6 Sep WW2: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeated attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army with heavy losses for the Japanese forces. Casualties and losses: US JP ~1,200 Sep Korean War: The 32 day Battle of Heart Break Ridge began. Sep Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought. Casualties and losses: US 2,325 - CSA 2,685. Sep American Revolution: British forces capture Kip's Bay Manhattan. Sep Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Casualties and: US 12,636 - CSA 28. Harpers Ferry, Virginia Sep Vera Cruz Incident: U.S. Marines march out of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Sep WWI: 1st tank used in war, "Little Willies" at Battle of Flors, France Sep WW2: U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is torpedoed at Guadalcanal. Sep WW2: The 73 day Battle of Peleliu begins as the United States Marine Corps' 1st Marine Division and the U.S. Army's 81st Infantry Division hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery. Casualties and losses: US 9,804 - JP 10,897. Sep Korean War: UN forces land at Inchon in South Korea. Sep Cold War: The Soviet ship Poltava heads toward Cuba, one of the events that sets into motion the Cuban Missile Crisis. Third Friday of Sep National POW/MIA day to pay tribute to the lives and contributions of the more than 83,000 Americans who are still listed as Prisoners of War or Missing in Action Sep Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought. Casualties and losses: US GB 92~390. Sep Revolutionary War: The 32 day Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins. Casualties and losses: US/FR GB 155. Sep WW2: The Japanese base at Kiska in the Aleutian Islands is raided by American bombers WW2: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes when Heinrich von Vietinghoff, commander of the German Tenth Army, orders his troops to withdraw from Salerno. Sep Korea: The U.S. 8th Army breaks out of the Pusan Perimeter in South Korea and begins heading north to meet MacArthur's troops heading south from Inchon. Sep Vietnam: Siege of Con Thien Began. Sep Vietnam: South Vietnamese troops recapture Quang Tri province in South Vietnam from the North Vietnamese Army. Sep Revolutionary War: The Invasion of Canada begins with the 47 day Siege of Fort St. Jean. 6

7 Sep The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe (the Lenape or Delaware Indians). Sep Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war. 78 workers, mostly young women, were killed. Cause was officially unknown but it was speculated that the metal shoe of a horse had struck a spark which touched off loose powder Allegheny Arsenal Laboratory Building (circa 1870) and the Stone Road Sep Civil War: The Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in U.S. history, commences. Fighting in the corn field, Bloody Lane and Burnside s Bridge raged all day as the Union and Confederate armies suffer a combined 26,293 casualties. The battle stops the northward drive of Robert E. Lee's Confederate army Sep Philippine American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac, Laguna. Sep Latin America Interventions: U.S. troops are sent to Panama to keep train lines open over the isthmus as Panamanian nationals struggle for independence from Colombia. Sep WW2: Allied Airborne troops parachute into the Netherlands as the "Market" half of Operation Market Garden. Sep WW2: General Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo. Sep The United States Air Force becomes an independent service. Sep Vietnam: North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam. Sep Vietnam: U.S. destroyers fire on hostile targets. Sep American Revolution: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga. Subsequent second battle on 7 OCT was a decisive American victory. Casualties and losses both battles : US GB 7,357 Sep Civil War: Battle of Iuka Union troops under General William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force. Casualties and losses: US CSA 1,516. Sep Civil War: Two day Battle of Chickamauga begins. Sep WWI: American troops of the Allied North Russia Expeditionary Force receive their baptism of fire near the town of Seltso against Soviet forces. Sep WW2: The 88 day Battle of Hürtgen Forest between United States and Nazi Germany begins. Casualties and losses: Us 33,000 - Ger 28,000. Sep Cold War: First American underground nuclear bomb test (part of Operation Plumbbob). Sep Latin America Interventions: Operation Uphold Democracy began (Haiti). Sep Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends in the most significant Union defeat in the Western Theater of the War. Casualties and losses: US 16,170 - CSA 18,454. Sep Vietnam: Seven U.S. planes are downed in one day. Sep The United States ends its "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time. 7

8 Sep American Revolution: Part of New York City is burned shortly after being occupied by British forces. Sep American Revolution: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point. Sep WW2: U.S. troops of the 7th Army, invading Southern France, cross the Meuse River. Sep Maiden flight of the CH 47 Chinook transportation helicopter. Sep POW/MIA Recognition Day Sep Indian Wars: The Tuscarora War begins in present day North Carolina between the British, Dutch, and German settlers and the Tuscarora Native Americans. A treaty was signed on 11 FEB Sep American Revolution: Captain Nathan Hale is hanged as a spy by the British in New York City; his last words are reputed to have been, "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." Sep The F 14 Tomcat is retired from the United States Navy. Sep American Revolution: Battle of Flamborough Head - The American navy under John Paul Jones, commanding from Bonhomme Richard, defeats and captures the British man of war Serapis. Sep American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides. Sep Philippine American War: American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo. Sep WW2: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins. U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River. Sep The first American dies in Vietnam during the fall of Saigon to French forces. Sep Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 the first US friendly-fire incident on British Military personnel since World War II occurred. the mistaken air attack caused approximately 60 casualties. Sep American Revolution: Benedict Arnold flees to British Army lines after his plot to surrender West Point is exposed by the arrest of British Major John André. Sep USS Enterprise (CVN-65), the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched. Sep President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation. Sep USS Enterprise (CVN 65), the world's first nuclear powered aircraft carrier, is launched. Sep American Revolution: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue Pointe. Benedict Arnold and his expeditionary company set off from Fort Western, bound for Quebec City. Sep Mexican-American War: Battle of Monterey - U.S. forces led by Zachary Taylor capture the Mexican city of Monterrey. Casualties and losses: US Mex

9 Sep USS S 51 (SS 162) sunk after collision with steamer City of Rome off Block Island,Rhode Island. 33 died Sep American Revolution: The British army launches a major offensive, capturing Philadelphia. Sep WW1: The 46 day Meuse Argonne Offensive, the bloodiest single battle in American history, begins. Casualties and losses: US 117,000 FR 70,000 - GER 90~120,000. Sep Korea: General Douglas MacArthur s American X Corps, fresh from the Inchon landing, links up with the U.S. Eighth Army after its breakout from the Pusan Perimeter. Sep Cold War: Soviet military officer Stanislav Petrov averts a likely worldwide nuclear war by correctly identifying a report of an incoming nuclear missile as a computer error and not an American first strike. Sep WW2: The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy. Sep WW2: The SS Patrick Henry is launched becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships. Sep WW2: Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River. Sep WW2: The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II. Casualties and losses: US 118 KIA & 25 of 29 B24's - GER 18 KIA & 29 Fighter planes. Sep Korea: U.S. Army and Marine troops liberate Seoul, South Korea. Sep American Revolution: American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown, Virginia. Sep Philippine American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island. Sep Latin America Interventions: U.S. troops reoccupy Cuba, stay until 1909 Sep Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted man to die in an airplane crash. He and pilot Lt. Lewis C. Rockwell are killed in the crash of an Army Wright Model B at College Park, Maryland. Sep WW2: USS Cisco (SS 290) sunk by Japanese observation seaplane (945th Kokutai) and gunboat Karatsu in Sulu Sea off Panay Island. 76 killed Sep Congress votes to create a U.S. army. Department of War establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men. Sep Civil War: Union troops capture the Confederate Fort Harrison, outside Petersburg VA. Sep Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) was established. Sep WWI, Battle of St. Quentin Canal: The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces. Bulgaria signs an armistice. Sep The United States Navy disbands Fighter Squadron 84 (VF 84), nicknamed the "Jolly Rogers". 9

10 Sep The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations". Sep Cold War: The Berlin Airlift is officially halted after 277,264 flights. C-47s unloading at Tempelhof, formed the nucleus of the airlift until September when the larger and faster fourengine C-54s capable of hauling 10 tons had been put into service. Sep Korea: U.N. forces cross the 38th parallel as they pursue the retreating North Korean Army. Sep Gold Star Mother s Day established. [Source: Various Aug ] ********************************* 10