UK Armed Forces Charities

Transcription

1 Sector Isight UK Armed Forces Charities A overview ad aalysis Aa Pozo Dr Catherie Walker Additioal research by Joy Morris ad Jude Doherty DIRECTORY OF SOCIAL CHANGE I associatio with Fuded by

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3 Sector isight: armed forces charities Cotets Cotets List of figures List of tables Foreword Preface Executive summary vi x xi xii xiv Chapter 1: About the data The Armed Forces Charities Olie Resource Cetre DSC classificatio of armed forces charities Fiacial data Area of operatio DSC surveys to armed forces charities Caveats ad coclusios Refereces 14 Chapter 2: UK armed forces charities i cotext A brief history of armed forces charities Defiig the beeficiary populatio The demographic profile of the UK armed forces commuity The role of the Miistry of Defece The role of legislatio ad other govermet actio Charitable provisio for the armed forces The welfare eeds of the armed forces commuity Attitudes towards the armed forces commuity ad support for armed forces charities Why this project is timely ad ecessary Refereces 54 iii

4 Sector isight: armed forces charities Cotets Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The umber of armed forces charities i the UK Types of armed forces charity Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Who is eligible for support? Tri-Service, sigle Service ad regimetal charities Armed forces heritage orgaisatios Cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios The impact of charity registratio thresholds o the UK s armed forces charities ladscape Refereces 101 A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities A overview of the armed forces charity sector Welfare charities Service fuds Associatios Mixed-type charities Armed forces heritage orgaisatios Cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios Refereces 134 The geographical distributio of charitable support to the UK armed forces Geographical distributio of beefit versus eed Geographical distributio of charitable support Coclusios: the distributio of beefit versus eed Refereces 153 Chapter 6: The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Grats to idividuals i eed Grats to orgaisatios Refereces 173 iv

5 Sector isight: armed forces charities Cotets Chapter 7: The last word: key isights from the research Are perceptios of the armed forces charity sector grouded i evidece? Are there too may charities? The effect of ew etrats ito the armed forces charity sector New charities for ew eeds? Collaboratio ad coordiatio The curret health of the armed forces charity sector Armed forces charities i the cotext of the wider charitable sector Future challeges facig the sector Refereces 191 v

6 Sector isight: armed forces charities Figures FIGURES Figure 1.1 Number of armed forces charities by type (DSC classificatio) 5 Figure 2.1 Percetage of Early Service Leavers versus others, 2009/10 20 Figure 2.2 Public Kowledge of Idividual Orgaisatios ad Charities for Ex-Service Persoel; reproduced from Gribble et al. 2014, p. 53 with permissio from RUSI 52 Figure 3.1 Number of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai 64 Figure 3.2 Icome of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai, Figure 3.3 Number of armed forces charities by type 66 Figure 3.4 Icome of armed forces charities by type, Figure 3.5 Number of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 69 Figure 3.6 Icome of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 69 Figure 3.7 Number of Service fuds by type of support provided (Eglad ad Wales oly) 71 Figure 3.8 Icome of Service fuds by type of support provided, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 72 Figure 3.9 Number of welfare charities by type of support provided (Eglad ad Wales) 74 Figure 3.10 Armed forces charities by beeficiary group (Eglad ad Wales oly) 86 Figure 3.11 Icome of armed forces charities by beeficiary group, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 87 Figure 3.12 Number of tri-service charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 88 Figure 3.13 Number of Army charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 89 Figure 3.14 Icome of Army charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 90 Figure 3.15 Distributio of corps ad regimetal charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) 91 vi

7 Sector isight: armed forces charities Figures Figure 3.16 Number of aval charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 93 Figure 3.17 Icome of aval charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 93 Figure 3.18 Number of RAF charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 94 Figure 3.19 Icome of RAF charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 95 Figure 3.20 Armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai by type 96 Figure 3.21 Icome of armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai by type, Figure 3.22 Armed forces museums by type 97 Figure 3.23 Cadet forces charities registered i Great Britai by type 99 Figure 3.24 Icome of cadet forces charities registered i Great Britai by type, Figure 4.1 Welfare charities by icome bad, Figure 4.2 Top 45 welfare charities icome by type 109 Figure 4.3 Top 45 welfare charities expediture by type 109 Figure 4.4 Top 45 welfare charities charitable spedig by type of charitable activity 110 Figure 4.5 Top 45 welfare charities asset base 111 Figure 4.6 Top 45 welfare charities fixed assets base 112 Figure 4.7 Top 45 welfare charities curret assets base 112 Figure 4.8 Top 45 welfare charities fuds by type 113 Figure 4.9 Welfare charities icome from 2008 to 2012, i real terms 114 Figure 4.10 Welfare charities icome from 2008 to 2012, i real terms, showig the cotributio of Black Stork Charity ad FiMT 115 Figure 4.11 Welfare charities expediture from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms 116 Figure 4.12 Welfare charities expediture from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms, excludig Help for Heroes 117 Figure 4.13 Total fuds of the top 45 welfare charities from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms 118 vii

8 Sector isight: armed forces charities Figures Figure 4.14 Total fuds of the top 45 welfare charities from 2008 to 2012, i real terms, showig the cotributio of ewly registered charities 118 Figure 4.15 Real aual growth rates 119 Figure 4.16 Registered Service fuds by icome bad i the year Figure 4.17 Top 30 Service fuds icome by type 121 Figure 4.18 Top 30 Service fuds expediture by type 121 Figure 4.19 Top 30 Service fuds assets base 122 Figure 4.20 Top six associatios asset base 124 Figure 4.21 Top 14 mixed-type charities icome by type (excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay) 126 Figure 4.22 Top 14 mixed-type charities expediture by type (excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay) 126 Figure 4.23 Top 14 mixed-type charities asset base 127 Figure 4.24 Icome, expediture ad surplus geerated by armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai, Figure 4.25 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios icome by type 129 Figure 4.26 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios expediture by type 130 Figure 4.27 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios asset base 130 Figure 4.28 Top three cadet forces charities icome by type 132 Figure 4.29 Top three cadet forces charities icome, by source 132 Figure 4.30 Top three cadet forces charities expediture by type 133 Figure 4.31 Top three cadet forces charities asset base 133 Figure 5.1 Distributio of the ex-service commuity i the UK (TRBL ad Compass Partership (2014)) 136 Figure 5.2 Distributio of UK regular forces statioed i the UK ad overseas (as of 1 July 2014) (MOD 2014b) 138 Figure 5.3 Distributio of MOD war pesios to British armed forces ex-service persoel, war widowers ad other depedats 139 Figure 5.4 Geographical locatio (mai headquarters) of armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 141 viii

9 Sector isight: armed forces charities Figures Figure 5.5 Registered mai offices of armed forces welfare charities 142 Figure 5.6 The umber of areas of operatio defied by armed forces welfare charities 145 Figure 5.7 Total armed forces welfare charity expediture: UK versus overseas 145 Figure 5.8 Worldwide geographical area of operatio of armed forces welfare charities excludig UK (total expediture) 146 Figure 5.9 Armed forces welfare charity charitable expediture, UK versus overseas 147 Figure 5.10 Armed forces charities total regioal expediture i Eglad 147 Figure 5.11 Armed forces charities charitable expediture i Eglish regios 148 Figure 5.12 Top 45 welfare charities charitable spedig by charitable activity 149 Figure 5.13 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to idividuals 2012, UK versus overseas 149 Figure 5.14 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to idividuals i the UK 150 Figure 5.15 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to other orgaisatios 2012, UK versus overseas 150 Figure 6.1 Distributio of corps ad regimetal beevolet charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) 157 Figure 6.2 Territorial Army regimetal beevolet charities 165 Figure 6.3 Other beevolet grat-makers, by type 169 Figure 6.4 Specialist eeds beevolet grat-makers, by type 169 Figure 6.5 How does the beevolet grat-makig system work for the idividual? 172 Figure 7.1 Distributio of the armed forces charity sector icome by charity type 182 Figure 7.2 Armed forces welfare charities combied icome ad expediture levels, (real terms) 185 Figure 7.3 I your opiio what is the mai challege facig the charity i the years to come? 189 ix

10 Sector isight: armed forces charities Tables TABLES Table 1.1 Typology of armed forces charities devised by Greville (2013) 4 Table 1.2 Mai types of armed forces charity, by beeficiary group 4 Table 1.3 Sub-categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families 8 Table 2.1 Reductios i persoel by Service agaist 2010 baselie (MOD 2010, p. 32) 20 Table 2.2 Legislatio ad reports with recommedatios 31 Table 3.1 Mai categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families 68 Table 3.2 Type of support provided by welfare charities 73 Table 3.3 Top te welfare charities (Eglad ad Wales) 76 Table 3.4 Armed forces charities that provide care homes (Eglad ad Wales) 77 Table 3.5 Welfare charities operatig i the area of healthcare ad rehabilitatio services (Eglad ad Wales oly) 79 Table 3.6 Types of grats awarded by the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity 85 Table 3.7 British Army-wide charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) 90 Table 3.8 Top five armed forces heritage orgaisatios 97 Table 3.9 Resource or umbrella bodies coected to UK Cadet Forces 98 Table 4.1 Icome retaied for future use: the case of Help for Heroes, FiMT ad Royal Star & Garter Homes 107 Table 4.2 Top six associatios 123 Table 5.1 Specialist care homes i Lodo ad the South East 152 Table 6.1 Corps with a registered beevolet fud 163 Table 6.2 Corps with a registered beevolet fud with coected smaller beevolet fuds 164 Table 6.3 Royal Navy (icludig Royal Maries) beevolet charities 167 Table 6.4 Royal Maries (oly) beevolet charities 167 Table 6.5 RAF beevolet charities 167 x

11 Sector isight: armed forces charities Foreword Foreword by Sir Adrew Ridgway, Director of Forces i Mid Trust ad Chair of Cobseo The Cofederatio of Service Charities The publicatio of this report marks a sigificat step forward for the armed forces charities sector. The very welcome ad widespread public iterest i armed forces charities has o occasio led to assertios beig made about the sector, icludig about the umber of charities, duplicatio of effort, iefficiecy ad size of disbursemets, without clear substatiatio. The aim of Forces i Mid Trust is to provide a evidece base that will ifluece ad uderpi policy makig ad service delivery i order to eable ex-service persoel ad their families to lead successful civilia lives. For the first time, it will ow be possible for those workig at all levels i this area to base their decisios upo a idepedet ad credible source of iformatio. Much of the report is draw from publicly available iformatio; the added value comes from the collatio, compariso ad aalysis coducted by our highly skilled parters i the Directory of Social Chage (DSC). We are makig this report widely available, at o cost, as we firmly believe that it will improve the uderstadig of the armed forces charities sector, ad thus the quality of decisio-makig ad the accuracy of media ad other commetary. It is o coicidece that this report draws extesively o The Royal British Legio ad other commetary, compariso ad aalysis coducted by our parters at DSC. Uderstadig the eviromet i which armed forces charities operate is at least as importat as uderstadig those charities themselves, ad we are determied to cotiue to search for evidece ad to shie a light ito those areas ofte masked simply by the fog of war, ad ot, as is occasioally suggested, through deliberate obfuscatio. Accompayig this report, ad lauchig at the same time, is the iovative website, a easily accessible source of iformatio o aroud 500 armed forces charities. Without, I hope, labourig the poit, such a directory will provide idepedet ad credible iformatio about the sector, ad for the sector. Together, DSC s work, origially ispired by ad coducted i partership with Cobseo, will iform the debate o such topics as how may charities is eough, how well they cooperate ad collaborate, what the bechmark is for a effective charity, ad, crucially, what else eeds to be doe to esure that the best possible level of support is provided to the beeficiaries. Aswerig these questios is rightly the resposibility of the policy makers ad service deliverers themselves; Forces i Mid Trust hopes simply to iform that debate from a soud evidece base. Fially, I kow that colleagues from right across the Cofederatio of Service Charities are greatly aticipatig this report ad are lookig forward to usig it to improve their service delivery. Ultimately our shared iterests lie with the armed forces commuity, ad we ca ow move forward, ot from a positio of cojecture, but from a positio of broad kowledge ad soud evidece. xi

12 Sector isight: armed forces charities Preface Preface by Debra Allcock Tyler, Chief Executive of the Directory of Social Chage Armed forces charities are very close to my heart as I come from five geeratios of armed forces serviceme ad wome o both sides of my family. We have medals datig right back to the Boer war, coverig every sigle major coflict or theatre of operatio sice. So I have persoal experiece of the icredible sacrifices armed forces serviceme ad wome, ad their families, make i service of our coutry. Ievitably, some of these sacrifices ivolve a great deal of huma cost ad our armed forces charities play a absolutely critical role i supportig the diverse eeds of millios of servig ad ex- Service persoel ad their families, both withi the UK ad overseas. My family have experieced first-had the vital services ad support they provide. It is hard to imagie how our armed forces would cope without them. However, util ow, there has bee a sigificat gap i kowledge about the armed forces charity sector as a whole. Beyod a few high-profile ames, there has also arguably bee little wider public recogitio ad uderstadig amog policymakers about the full depth ad breadth of orgaisatios withi ad causes served by the sector. This is why I am so proud of this uique report ad the accompayig olie database, which offer the first ever comprehesive aalysis ad data about UK charities that specifically serve the UK armed forces family. It gives policymakers, commetators, fuders, beeficiaries ad other iterested parties a ubiased ad idepedetly researched source of iformatio about armed forces charities. Armed forces persoel, their depedats ad their service to this coutry have seldom bee the subject of such high levels of political, public ad media iterest. However, there is much misuderstadig about the ature of armed forces charities: their work, their beeficiaries, their fudig ad their impact. There is a elemet of myth-bustig which eeds to be doe which this report specifically addresses for example i dedicated chapters o doatios ad how ew etrats to the sector i recet years have chaged the picture. Give the challeges curretly faced by atios aroud the world, this ew aalysis comes at a crucial time. DSC udertook this research i part because we believe it is imperative to map support for the armed forces commuity (ad ex-service commuity i particular) i detail, so that potetial sources of the right support are easily idetifiable. Public support, especially for promiet armed forces charities, is at a curret high. But that positio is immesely volatile ad subject to public ad media perceptios ad to the political ladscape. The timig of this project is therefore critical, both i terms of the impact of chages o the armed forces commuity who will cotiue to eed support ad possibly ew services, ad the potetial for a accompayig declie i doatios. xii

13 Sector isight: armed forces charities Preface I this cotext this report will be a valuable ew resource for ayoe wishig to uderstad the armed forces charity sector better whether govermet policymakers, other researchers, media, members of the public cosiderig startig up ew charities, existig charities wishig to bechmark or coordiate their services with other providers, or those seekig help for particular groups. But more importatly perhaps, the data ad fidigs withi this report will eable armed forces charities to further develop the vital services they provide to beeficiaries. They deserve it. xiii

14 Sector isight: armed forces charities Executive summary Executive summary KEY OBSERVATIONS The mai purpose of this research was to develop a better uderstadig of the size ad ature of support provided by the UK armed forces charity sector. Armed forces charities are defied as those whose primary purpose is to support past ad preset members of the UK armed forces, their depedats ad cadets. Armed forces museums ad other heritage orgaisatios were also icluded i the aalysis. Over 2,200 UK-registered armed forces charities were researched itesively as to purpose, fuctio ad fiaces. The results show a complex but o the whole wellcoordiated sector with a fie-tued divisio of labour. Armed forces charities have ejoyed a period of fiacial growth ad high publicity followig recet coflicts i Iraq ad Afghaista, but this is ow showig sigs of waig. May armed forces charities have bee preparig for this slowdow by buildig up their reserves. However, these are fiite resources ad without cotiued public support, armed forces charities providig welfare support i particular face a challegig future. BACKGROUND Armed forces charities cater for the eeds of a potetial beeficiary populatio comprisig, accordig to recet estimates, betwee 6.5 ad 6.7 millio people. This icludes 198,810 servig persoel i the UK armed forces ad 270,963 depedats (as of 1 April 2014), 2.8 millio ex-service persoel ad 3.1 millio depedats, ad a hidde ex-service commuity of aroud 190,000 to 290,000 people residig i commual establishmets such as care homes. These charities are there to supplemet the ifrastructure of support provided by the Miistry of Defece (MOD) ad other public services. I this regard, the MOD has the primary resposibility for the health, wellbeig ad welfare of Service persoel durig their service ad also helps Service leavers with their trasitio ito civilia life up to a poit. After that, the provisio of support hads over to maistream public services (such as the NHS) ad private providers (for jobs ad housig, for istace). While the majority of Service leavers experiece very few difficulties with trasitioig ad life after the armed forces, a sigificat miority require specialist support (such as with educatio ad re-traiig, employmet, housig, physical health ad metal health eeds). This eed for specialist support is ogoig ad idicatios are that it will rise as a result of the icreased umber of persoel leavig the Service i the cotext of the armed forces restructurig, plus the icrease i the umbers of Service ad ex-service persoel with additioal eeds caused by recet coflicts. xiv

15 Sector isight: armed forces charities Executive summary This icreased eed will put extra burde o public services ad charities, which will eed to boost, or at the very least maitai, their curret provisio ad fudig levels. Data o the demographics ad support eeds of the armed forces commuity (servig ad ex-service persoel, ad their depedats) eeds to be improved. While The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership have doe a excellet job of profilig the commuity, statutory bodies such as the MOD should work with the sector to itroduce better systems to idetify the commuity ad its eeds. OVERVIEW OF THE ARMED FORCES CHARITY SECTOR The UK s armed forces charity sector comprises 1,818 registered charities i Eglad ad Wales, 419 registered charities i Scotlad ad 25 charities i Norther Irelad. 1 The armed forces charity sector ca be categorised ito the followig groups. 1 Charities that cater for the eeds of the armed forces commuity, icludig: service fuds to improve the morale ad wellbeig of Service persoel ad their families; welfare charities for relief-i-eed purposes; armed forces associatios (icludig hudreds of local associatio braches) to maitai ad foster the bods of comradeship forged i service. May associatios also provide beevolet grats ad other welfare services to those i eed. 2 Armed forces heritage orgaisatios, icludig armed forces museums, heritage preservatio trusts ad public memorials, amog others. 3 Cadet forces orgaisatios, icludig the umbrella bodies of the mai UK cadet forces as well as hudreds of local cadet forces uits. Over half of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai are local associatio braches ad local cadet uits. There are 409 armed forces charities (18% of the total) which provide welfare support either i the form of provisio of services to those i eed, grats to idividuals ad/or grats to support the work of other orgaisatios. FINANCES OF THE ARMED FORCES CHARITY SECTOR The armed forces charity sector i Great Britai geerated a icome of 872 millio i The fiacial resources of the armed forces charity sector are highly cocetrated i a relatively small umber of orgaisatios. I 2012, the top 122 armed forces charities commaded 84% of total sector icome (icludig high-profile charities such as The Royal British Legio, Help for Heroes, SSAFA, Combat Stress, Blid Veteras UK ad may others). 1 Ufortuately, detailed iformatio for Norther Irish charities is ot available; therefore they are ot aalysed i this report. xv

16 Sector isight: armed forces charities Executive summary Oly welfare charities (i.e. the oes that provide services ad/or beevolet grats to those i eed) typically fudraise from the geeral public. For other charities such as Service fuds, associatios or local cadet uits, their icome is mostly self-geerated through membership subscriptios ad/or other charges paid by beeficiaries themselves. Armed forces welfare charities raised 4.37 for every 1 spet o fudraisig ad publicity i This compares to a average of 4.86 for the UK volutary sector as a whole i 2011/12 (latest year available). The level of free reserves held by armed forces welfare charities was estimated to equate to 10.9 moths expediture at the ed of The average level of free reserves across the UK volutary sector was estimated to equate to 15.4 moths expediture i 2011/12 (latest year available). Grats to idividuals i eed are the most commo charitable activity amogst armed forces welfare charities. However, the costs of direct service provisio such as care homes, healthcare, housig ad so o takes the lio s share of the moey (approximately three-quarters of charitable expediture). WHERE SUPPORT IS AVAILABLE The majority of support provided by armed forces welfare charities is estimated to be spet withi the UK (92%), with 8% of charitable expediture beefitig those residet overseas. The bulk of charitable expediture of armed forces welfare charities registered with the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales is spet i Eglad ad Wales (81%). A estimated 10% beefits Scotlad ad 10% Norther Irelad. These percetages do ot iclude data for charities registered i Scotlad ad Norther Irelad. At preset, data o armed forces charities registered i Scotlad ad Norther Irelad is limited by the lack of comparable regulatory systems ad stadards to Eglad ad Wales, particularly access to iformatio i charity reports ad accouts. Further data would help to complete the fudig picture across the UK. Withi Eglad, two-thirds of support is estimated to be available atiowide, while oe third is estimated to be spet regioally. A greater cocetratio of charitable spedig i Eglad appears to pool aroud Lodo ad the South East, at the potetial expese of other Eglish regios. This could have a kock-o effect o the sigificat populatio of ex-service persoel ad depedats livig i the North. I order to be able to judge the overall UK allocatio of support versus eed, there eeds to be better data available o the locatio of the armed forces commuity. 2 Ratio based o data for the top 45 armed forces welfare charities oly, which collectively commaded 53% of total sector icome i 2012 xvi

17 Sector isight: armed forces charities Executive summary GRANT-MAKING PRACTICES OF ARMED FORCES CHARITIES There are 239 registered armed forces charities that award beevolet grats to members of the armed forces commuity who are i eed, hardship or distress. The relatively high umber of beevolet grat-makers operatig i the armed forces charity sector is to a large extet explaied by the historical decetralisatio of beevolet fuds to the level of corps ad regimets withi the British Army. Ideed, over half of beevolet grat-makers i the sector are charities coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army. The beevolet grat-makig process i the armed forces charity sector ivolves a great deal of collaboratio ad cooperatio. Oly a few charities directly deal with the casework (which is usually routed through SSAFA or Royal British Legio caseworkers) ad differet charities will work together to almoise fuds if ecessary to meet a idividual s eeds. 3 MYTHS AND TRUTHS ABOUT THE SECTOR There appear to be a umber of myths that have bee created regardig the armed forces charity sector which have bee explored i this research. These iclude: 1 there are too may armed forces charities; 2 ew etrats ito the sector have created uwarrated competitio ad have take icome away from more established charities; 3 there is little or o coordiatio i the sector. The summary fidigs of our research surroudig these are as follows. 1 Claims about there beig too may charities are partly drive by a lack of uderstadig of the huge diversity of armed forces charities operatig i the sector. These claims have also bee boosted by a perceptio that the armed forces charity sector has udergoe a large expasio i recet years. Cotrary to this, our research shows that the sector has actually cotracted over the last few years. 2 New etrats ito the sector are havig a geerally positive effect, creatig ew growth which beefits the sector as a whole. 3 The armed forces charity sector shows greater collaboratio ad cooperatio tha other charitable sub-sectors we have examied for this research. We have come across may examples of partership workig i welfare services provisio as well as examples of fiacial support provided by armed forces charities to other armed forces charities. The beevolet grat-makig process i particular appears to be highly coordiated ad flexible i respodig to the eeds of beeficiaries, with most of the casework geerally routed through SSAFA or The Royal British Legio. 3 Almoisatio is the process of sourcig ad combiig fuds from differet beevolet orgaisatios to pay them as a sigle grat to the beeficiary. xvii

18 Sector isight: armed forces charities Executive summary CURRENT HEALTH OF THE SECTOR AND FUTURE CHALLENGES The icome of armed forces welfare charities has bee growig steadily betwee 2008 ad 2012 (a 14% real terms, adjustig for iflatio, icrease over the period). Expediture levels have also icreased over the period, although a share of icome has bee retaied for future use to fud capital projects ad build up reserves. The armed forces charity sector ejoyed a period of growth durig the recessio at a time whe the rest of the ifrastructure of welfare services ad support available to the armed forces commuity through public services ad other charities was strugglig fiacially. The icreased expediture levels of armed forces welfare charities over the period may have helped to offset the impact of cuts elsewhere. It should be oted that i 2012 the icome of the majority of armed forces welfare charities fell for the first time i years ad oly the icome of ewly-established charities allowed the sector as a whole to cotiue to grow (i particular the 35 millio start-up edowmet received by the Forces i Mid Trust from the Big Lottery Fud). Armed forces welfare charities were able to icrease their levels of assets ad reserves by 26% i real terms betwee 2008 ad This growth has bee motivated by differet factors. For istace, some of the largest welfare services providers (such as Combat Stress) have built capacity to be able to better respod to both existig demad for services ad aticipated future eed. May of the large ad medium-sized beevolet fuds have also built up their reserves i order to be better positioed to face a ucertai future. The icreased levels of assets ad reserves of these fuds might help to offset a expected fall i future icome. However, the use of reserves is ot a strategy that ca be maitaied idefiitely if support to the armed forces commuity is to match eed i the years to come. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further research is ecessary to moitor how the armed forces charity sector evolves i umbers ad fiacial performace: is it a good thig or a bad thig that the sector is cotractig ad evolvig? Will further ratioalisatio efforts be eeded i a chagig fudraisig ladscape? Will charities use their reserves i the ear future? Further research is also ecessary to assess the extet ad effectiveess of cooperatio ad coordiatio arragemets i the sector: is it eough? What are the views of the beeficiaries? Do they feel their eeds are well-served? What are the views of doors? Does the complexity ad diversity of the sector udermie its fudraisig capacity? Is there a eed for further ratioalisatio of provisio? Are there ay gaps i provisio? If so, who is better positioed to fill them? While the aalyses preseted i this report go a log way towards helpig us to uderstad the armed forces charity sector, the Directory of Social Chage (DSC) believes that further aalysis i the areas outlied above would help to guide the sector ad those who egage with it i the challegig years ahead. xviii

19 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data CHAPTER ONE About the data 1.1 THE ARMED FORCES CHARITIES ONLINE RESOURCE CENTRE The aalysis preseted throughout this report draws o detailed iformatio from a comprehesive database of UK-registered armed forces charities developed by the Directory of Social Chage (DSC). The database was developed as part of a twi-strad research project coducted betwee December 2013 ad November The project was fuded by the Forces i Mid Trust (FiMT). Twi-strad research project: 1 Database developmet 2 Aalytical report DSC s armed forces charities database (available at: icludes 1,818 armed forces charities registered with the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW); 419 armed forces charities registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) ad 25 armed forces orgaisatios which have bee grated charitable tax exemptios i Norther Irelad Armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales The list of armed forces charities icluded i DSC s database was compiled usig the followig sources ad procedures (i chroological order). Harvey Greville, CCEW s lead specialist o armed forces charities, provided DSC with a iitial list of 1,844 armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales as of May This origial list had bee used as the basis for Greville s article The Armed Forces Charity Sector published i Peat: The Joural of The Forces Pesio Society i May This article is, to the best of our kowledge, the oly previous piece of literature cocered with the size ad shape of the armed forces charity sector i the UK. Greville defies armed forces charities as those charities: established specifically to support past ad preset members of the Armed Forces, their depedats ad cadets. 1

20 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data This origial list also icluded armed forces museums, memorials ad other heritage orgaisatios related to the armed forces which were registered as charities. Although the beefit of armed forces museums ad other heritage orgaisatios is ot restricted to past ad preset members of the armed forces, their depedats or cadets (they are ope to visitors from the geeral public), they are itrisically coected to the armed forces. Moreover, they beefit past ad preset members of the armed forces ad their families ad cadets by ispirig future geeratios of armed forces persoel ad by hoourig the memory of all those who served or are servig i the armed forces. I additio, a umber of armed forces museums ad heritage orgaisatios beefit from regular fiacial support provided by other armed forces charities (i some cases, also from the Miistry of Defece (MOD)), which supports the case for icludig them as part of a wider armed forces charity sector. Armed forces heritage orgaisatios were therefore preserved as part of the armed forces charity sector i both our database ad aalytical report. DSC the coducted a comprehesive review of the charitable objects ad activities of each idividual armed forces charity icluded i Greville s list usig public records available for cosultatio i CCEW s website as well as other public sources of iformatio (such as charities websites). Durig the review process, we idetified over 100 charities i the list which had bee removed from the Charity Commissio Register. We also idetified a small umber of charities which did ot have a primary armed forces remit (as they serve a much broader beeficiary populatio). These charities were removed from the origial list. Next, we searched the CCEW olie database for ew registratios of armed forces charities betwee May 2012 ad Jue This was doe usig the advaced search fuctio of the CCEW olie database. Keyword searches were also coducted to idetify armed forces charities which may have bee missig i the origial list, usig keywords such as military, Army, Navy, aval, maries, seafarer, Air Force, RAF, vetera, armed forces, British Legio, poppy, cadet, air traiig corps, regimet as well as the idividual ames of curret ad former regimets ad corps of the British Army ad the mai braches ad uits of the Royal Navy ad the Royal Air Force. We also reviewed the membership list provided by Cobseo (The Cofederatio of Service Charities), our parters i this research. Usig these processes a list of 1,818 armed forces charities registered with CCEW as of 30 Jue 2014 was geerated Armed forces charities i Scotlad ad Norther Irelad The same keyword searches were coducted i the olie database of charities registered with OSCR. We also reviewed the membership list available i the website of Veteras Scotlad, the cetral umbrella body for armed forces charities operatig i Scotlad. 2

21 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data A list of 419 armed forces charities registered with OSCR was gathered as a result. This figure excludes 29 armed forces charities which are registered with both CCEW ad OSCR. This group of dual-registered charities comprises some of the largest armed forces charities i the UK, such as SSAFA (formerly the Soldiers, Sailors ad Airme s Families Associatio), Help for Heroes, Blid Veteras UK ad the Royal Air Force Beevolet Fud. These dualregistered charities oly make up 1% of armed forces charities registered i Great Britai; however, they commaded more tha 25% of total sector icome i 2012 ( 226 millio). Dual-registered charities submit the same set of accouts to both charity regulators without allocatig shares of their total icome ad spedig to the differet coutries where they operate. Thus, i order to avoid double-coutig, these 29 charities were allocated to Eglad ad Wales (where their mai headquarters are) ad are excluded from Scotlad s figures preseted throughout this report. The registratio process with the Charity Commissio for Norther Irelad (CCNI) bega i late 2013 ad it was still at very early stages of developmet whe we coducted our iitial research with the aim of compilig a comprehesive list of UK-registered charities. As stated i the regulator s website: I order to work with ad regulate charities i Norther Irelad, the Commissio first had to categorise which orgaisatios were charities. Util the Commissio bega charity registratio i Norther Irelad i late 2013, this was techically ot possible. I the iterim period, the law i Norther Irelad deemed charities to be orgaisatios grated charitable tax exemptios through Her Majesty s Reveue ad Customs (HMRC). The most up to date deemed list of Norther Irelad charities, created o 18 August 2013, covers over 7,000 charities. CCNI 2014 This deemed list was available for dowload o CCNI s website, ad it was used to coduct keyword searches through which at least 25 armed forces orgaisatios were idetified which had bee grated charitable tax exemptios. Ufortuately, o detailed iformatio or fiacial accouts were available for these charities; therefore they are ot covered i the aalysis preseted throughout this report. 1.2 DSC CLASSIFICATION OF ARMED FORCES CHARITIES The uiverse of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai is quite complex ad diverse. It comprises a wide rage of orgaisatios with differet charitable objects, activities, operatig models ad beeficiary groups. Greville (2013) classified armed forces charities ito eight differet categories as show i table 1.1. As lead specialist o armed forces charities at CCEW, Greville has a profoud iside kowledge of the sector ad thus DSC used his iitial classificatio as a referece poit. 3

22 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Table 1.1 Typology of armed forces charities devised by Greville (2013) Type of armed forces charity Percetage of total umber of armed forces charities (as of May 2012) Military associatios 34% Cadets 18% Relief i eed ad beevolece support 17% Service ad military efficiecy fuds 14% Heritage ad memorials 11% Regimetal trusts 5% PTSD ad metal health 0.50% Other 0.50% However, followig our comprehesive review of charitable objects ad activities for each idividual armed forces charity, DSC decided to itroduce some substatial chages to Greville s iitial classificatio system. This was doe i order to improve cosistecy i the criteria used to classify armed forces charities ad also to develop a typology which could be more itelligible to those without previous kowledge of the sector. For istace, while the category Relief i eed ad beevolece support iforms the reader about the charitable objects (relief i eed) ad activities (beevolece support) of these charities; the cocept Regimetal trust does ot tell the uiitiated reader aythig about the charitable objects ad activities of these trusts. The first major divisio we imposed o the armed forces charity sector was to categorise orgaisatios ito three mai types accordig to beeficiary groups, as show i table 1.2 ad figure 1.1. Table 1.2 Mai types of armed forces charity, by beeficiary group Mai types of armed forces charity Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Armed forces heritage orgaisatios Cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios Beeficiary group Past ad preset members of the armed forces ad their depedats Geeral public Cadets (youth movemet with strog coectios to the armed forces) 4

23 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Figure 1.1 Number of armed forces charities by type (DSC classificatio) 1,400 1,200 1,232 1,000 Eglad ad Wales 800 Scotlad For Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families 222 Heritage Cadets 136 The category Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families was further divided ito five sub-categories accordig to their charitable objects ad activities: welfare charities; service fuds; associatios; local ad regioal braches of paret associatios; mixed-type charities. A summary of the charitable objects ad activities for each of these sub-categories is provided i table

24 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Table 1.3 Sub-categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Welfare charities Objects: Relief i eed. Activities: Provisio of services ad/or grats to alleviate eed, hardship or distress amog past ad preset members of the armed forces ad their families icludig: Service provisio Housig ad other accommodatio services to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad their depedats who are i eed. Care homes for disabled ad elderly ex-service persoel ad their depedats. Healthcare ad rehabilitatio services for ijured Service persoel, medically discharged ex-service persoel ad other ex-service persoel. Disability support services to ex-service persoel. Metal health support services (icludig post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) to Service ad ex-service persoel, veteras ad their depedats. Educatio ad traiig services to Service leavers ad ex-service persoel to help them with their trasitio ad adaptatio ito civilia life. Employmet ad career services to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad their parters. Provisio of respite breaks, adaptive sports ad other recreatioal activities to idividuals with particular eeds, such as ijured or disabled ex-service persoel ad bereaved families. Geeral advice, advocacy ad support services to Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. Grats Grats to idividuals i eed (i.e. beevolet grats). Grats to other orgaisatios to cotribute towards the costs of welfare services provisio (such as housig, care homes ad so o). 6

25 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Sub-categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Service fuds Objects: Promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces. Activities: Provisio of facilities, services ad/or grats to improve the morale, social ad physical wellbeig of active Service persoel ad their immediate families. Mai areas of support iclude: adveture traiig, sports, social ad/or recreatioal activities for active Service persoel ad their immediate families; educatio ad vocatioal traiig services to active Service persoel; religious activities ad pastoral support for active Service persoel ad their immediate families; services ad support to the immediate families of active Service persoel (such as childcare ad commuity facilities i or ear their duty statios). Associatios Local or regioal braches of paret associatios Objects: Fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Social gatherigs ad other membership activities. Note: A cosiderable proportio of associatios also take over resposibilities for welfare provisio (particularly the maagemet of beevolet fuds for relief-ieed purposes). I that sese, the majority of associatios are also welfare charities. Objects: Fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Social gatherigs ad other membership activities. Note: The scope of this report is limited to registered charities i Great Britai. There are several thousad uregistered associatio braches which are ot icluded i this report. 7

26 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Sub-categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Mixed-type charities Objects: Promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces; relief i eed; fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Mixed-type charities combie elemets of some of the above categories. These charities may provide, amog others: grats to support adveture traiig ad sport activities amogst active Service persoel (as Service fuds do); beevolet grats to idividuals i eed (as welfare charities do); grats to other orgaisatios to cotribute towards the costs of welfare services provisio (as welfare charities also do); grats to associatios to cotribute towards the costs of, for istace, aual reuios or remembrace evets; grats to armed forces museums or towards the upkeep of other armed forces heritage assets. Note: 86% of mixed-type charities are coected to regimets ad corps of the British Army ad the majority of them were classified by Greville as Regimetal trusts Classificatio of armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales Based o the iformatio published o the CCEW website, the 1,818 armed forces charities registered with CCEW were classified i categories ad sub-categories as follows: Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families (N= 1,232) Welfare charities (N= 278) Service fuds (N= 283) Associatios (N= 82) Local ad regioal braches of paret associatios (N= 515) Mixed-type charities (N= 65) Other (N= 9) 1 Armed forces heritage orgaisatios (N= 222) Cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios (N= 364) 1 The category Other icludes: the restricted ad edowed fuds of the Royal Air Force Beevolet Fud (these fuds are registered uder a separate charity umber with CCEW); four brach property trusts coected to The Royal British Legio (all four registered with their ow charity umbers); oe other property trust used for the beefit of ex-service persoel ad families; ad three commo ivestmet fuds coected to regimetal charities of the British Army (all three registered with their ow charity umbers). 8

27 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data We reviewed the followig iformatio for each idividual charity: Charitable objects Summary of activities Charity s accouts ad aual report (available as a PDF file for charities with a aual icome over 25,000 oly) We also cosulted charities websites (whe they had oe) to corroborate the accuracy of iformatio published by CCEW Classificatio of armed forces charities registered i Scotlad The 419 armed forces charities registered with OSCR i Scotlad were classified as follows: Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families (N= 263) Local ad regioal braches of paret associatios (N= 205) Uclassified (N= 58) Armed forces heritage orgaisatios (N= 20) Cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios (N= 136) It has ot bee possible to classify ito sub-categories a total of 58 registered charities i Scotlad that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. Publicly available iformatio for these charities was ot detailed ad accurate eough for these purposes. Ufortuately, the OSCR olie database does ot publish charities accouts or aual reports ad other summary iformatio provided for each idividual charity was ot as detailed as the iformatio provided by the regulator i Eglad ad Wales. 2 I this regard, it is importat to bear i mid that the total umber of welfare charities, Service fuds, associatios ad mixed-type charities provided throughout this report refer oly to charities registered i Eglad ad Wales ad excludes a total of 58 uclassified armed forces charities registered i Scotlad. 1.3 FINANCIAL DATA Icome ad expediture Aual icome ad expediture figures for each idividual charity were extracted from: the data feed from CCEW to which DSC has access; data published i the OSCR website. 2 This may chage i the ear future as a result of the Targeted regulatio of Scottish Charities proposal lauched by OSCR earlier this year (Bure James 2014). 9

28 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Charities have may differet fiacial year edigs, which makes it difficult to combie icome ad expediture figures for ay give period. Armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales (N=1,818) The majority of charities i our sample had fiacial years edig 31 December (40%). Icome ad expediture data for the year edig 31 December 2012 was geerally the latest available for these charities at the time of startig this research. Thus the year 2012 was adopted as the baselie for the aalysis preseted i this report. A further 31% of charities had fiacial years edig 31 March. Icome ad expediture data for the fiacial year edig 31 March 2013 was geerally the latest available. This data (which covers ie moths of 2012 plus the first quarter of 2013) was allocated to the year There were 20% of charities i our sample which had other fiacial year eds spread throughout the caledar year. Their icome ad expediture data for periods edig at various poits betwee 1 April 2012 ad 31 March 2013 was allocated to the year There was o icome ad expediture data available for 9% of charities i our sample (N=164). Of these, 77 were ewly registered charities still i their first year of operatio at the time of gatherig data for our research, ad 87 charities had documets overdue with CCEW. Armed forces charities registered i Scotlad (N=419) The same criterio was applied to aggregate icome ad expediture figures for charities registered i Scotlad Other fiacial data Detailed fiacial data for types of icome ad expediture, assets ad fuds was oly available for armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales with a total aual icome of over 500,000 i the period covered i this report (N= 122). Oly charities operatig above this threshold are required to submit to the regulator the Part B (fiacial iformatio) sectio of the Aual Retur form as part of their reportig duties (see CCEW 2014 for further details). The Part B fiacial iformatio for the top 122 armed forces charities was extracted from the data feed from CCEW. Collectively, these top 122 armed forces charities commaded over 80% of total sector icome i Defiitios This report, particularly i Chapter 4, uses several fiacial cocepts take from the accoutig ad reportig framework of CCEW. These refer to types of icome ad expediture, assets ad fuds (see CCEW 2014 for further details). 10

29 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Types of icome Volutary icome: resources geerated from doatios from the geeral public, corporate doatios, grat fudig from other charities ad orgaisatios, gifts, legacies, edowmets ad so o. Fudraisig tradig icome: resources geerated by commercial tradig activities carried out by the charity (or tradig subsidiaries) specifically to raise fuds. Examples iclude icome raised through the orgaisatio of lotteries, cocerts ad other evets to raise moey. Icome from charitable activities: resources geerated through activities promotig the charity s objects. For istace, icome from care home fees i the case of a care home provider, or rets i the case of a housig provider. Ivestmet icome: resources geerated from ivestmet assets. Other icome: ay other icomig resources that caot be accouted for i the categories above. Types of expediture Costs of geeratig volutary icome: resources spet o geeratig volutary icome such as doatios, legacies or grat fudig. It may iclude, for istace, publicity costs ad the costs of puttig together fudig bids. Fudraisig tradig costs: resources spet o commercial tradig activities carried out by the charity (or tradig subsidiaries) specifically to raise fuds. For istace, the costs of orgaisig fudraisig evets, fudraisig lotteries ad so o. Ivestmet maagemet costs: resources spet o obtaiig ivestmet advice, maagig the charity s ivestmet portfolio, etc. Costs of charitable activities: resources spet o meetig the charitable objects, for istace the costs of providig charitable services to beeficiaries, beevolet grats to idividuals ad/or grats to other charities ad orgaisatios. It also icludes the proportio of support costs that the charity has allocated to charitable activities (for istace, admiistrative costs of providig beevolet grats to idividuals such as dealig with applicatios). Goverace costs: geeral costs of ruig the charity icludig, for istace, audit costs ad trustee meetigs. Other resources expeded: ay other resources expeded that caot be accouted for i the categories above. 11

30 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data Assets Total et assets: total of all assets less all liabilities of the charity. Total fixed assets: assets held by the charity i the log term (more tha oe year) icludig: tagible fixed assets (such as lad, buildigs, equipmet ad vehicles); fixed ivestmet assets (i.e. fuds, property ad other assets held for the log term to geerate icome or gais for the charity). Total curret assets: assets which are expected to last or be used i the short term (less tha oe year) icludig: cash (such as deposits with baks ad other fiacial istitutios); curret ivestmet assets (i.e. ivestmets held with the itetio of disposig of them withi the ext 12 moths); other curret assets (this icludes the value of stocks ad the amout due to be received from debtors withi the ext 12 moths). Fuds Edowmet fuds: fuds which the trustees are legally required to ivest or to keep ad use for the charity s purposes (CCEW 2010). Restricted fuds: fuds which must be expeded o specific purposes as declared by the door(s) or with their authority (such as a public appeal for a specific project or cause). Restrictios to the use of fuds ca also be created through a legal process. Urestricted fuds: fuds that ca be spet at the discretio of the trustees icludig: desigated fuds (such as fuds which have bee desigated by the trustees for specific purposes or future projects); the value of urestricted fixed assets ad revaluatio reserves (these fuds ca oly be realised by the disposal of such assets, such as property sale); free reserves (i.e. fuds which are ot legally restricted or desigated by the trustees ad are freely available to use at their discretio). 1.4 AREA OF OPERATION Chapter 5 of this report aalyses the geographical distributio of services ad support provided by armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. This geographical aalysis relies o data reported by charities themselves to CCEW regardig their area of operatio. CCEW defies area of operatio as: The geographical area where the charity does its work or provides its beefit (CCEW.d.). The aalysis preseted here is based o apportioig fiacial iformatio from each idividual charity betwee the areas of operatio described by the charity. Sice the ecessary details are ot readily available to be able to geographically apportio the fuds o the basis of where they were actually spet durig the fiacial year, our 12

31 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data aalysis apportios fudig equally betwee amed areas of operatio. This gives a best estimate of where fudig is allocated, but it should be bore i mid that the figures ad percetages i Chapter 5 represet potetial beefit (areas where fudig may be give); they are ot actual amouts give. 1.5 DSC SURVEYS TO ARMED FORCES CHARITIES Although the majority of our research project relies o data from CCEW ad OSCR as well as other public sources of iformatio (such as charities websites), two surveys were also set out to supplemet desk research o armed forces charities. The first (geeral survey) wet out o 23/24 July to more tha 400 charities, ad a remider was set o 13 September. A secod survey (grat-makers survey) wet out o 15 September. Both surveys were also advertised i the Cobseo e-ewsletter. The geeral survey received a respose rate of 22% (N=96). The grat-makers survey fared less well, with a respose rate of 11% (N=16). Both surveys ejoyed better tha idustry average (oprofit) ope-rates ad click-through rates. The results of these surveys caot be thought of as represetative. They have bee used to test, corroborate or refie our fidigs, ad are quoted selectively where relevat. 1.6 CAVEATS AND CONCLUSIONS While the research team has take every care to esure the accuracy of the data ad aalysis preseted, the usual caveats apply, icludig that: all data supplied by registered charities either i their aual report ad accouts, to CCEW, or o their websites, remais the resposibility of those charities; methodological differeces to the oes described above could produce differet results ad coclusios; our aalysis regardig the role ad practices of idividual charities ad groups of charities is subject to some degree of idividual iterpretatio based o our uderstadig of the evidece available. This aalysis ad report have bee peer reviewed, icludig by a umber of armed forces charities. All outstadig errors are the authors resposibility ad readers are welcome to cotact the research team at armedforcescharities@dsc.org.uk to highlight ay. This project will cotiue to ru, fuded by FiMT, for the ext two years, providig updated data o armed forces charities i the UK o our olie database: 13

32 Sector isight: armed forces charities About the data 1.7 REFERENCES Bure James, Sam (2014), OSCR proposes to publish aual accouts of Scottish charities o its website, Third Sector, 25 July CCEW (.d.), The Register of Charities Notes For Users [web page], apps.charitycommissio.gov.uk/showcharity/showcharity_help_page.aspx?cotettype =Help_WhereOperates&SelectedLaguage=Eglish, The Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales, accessed 28/10/2014 CCEW (2010), Charities ad Reserves (CC19) [web page], apps.charitycommissio.gov.uk/ publicatios/cc19.aspx, The Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales, accessed 28/10/2014 CCEW (2014), Aual Retur 2014: Guidace Notes, forms.charitycommissio.gov.uk/ media/606778/ar14_guidaceotes.pdf, The Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales, accessed 28/10/2014 CCNI (2014), The deemed list [web page], The Charity Commissio for Norther Irelad, accessed 28/10/2014 Greville, Harvey (2013), The Armed Forces Charity Sector, Peat: The Joural of The Forces Pesio Society, May editio 14

33 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext CHAPTER TWO UK armed forces charities i cotext KEY OBSERVATIONS The armed forces charity sector largely grew out of the eeds created by the World Wars at the begiig ad middle of the last cetury ad has grow to aroud 2,000 registered charities i Eglad ad Wales (see sectio 2.1). There were 196,500 persoel i the UK armed forces as of July 2014; total armed forces persoel figures have falle by 15.5% sice April 2011, which is i lie with plaed reductios of 33,000 Service persoel by 2020, or 19% of the Services from the 2010 baselie (see sectio 2.3). The ex-service commuity (defied as ex-service persoel ad their depedats) is estimated to be aroud 6.1 to 6.2 millio people i the UK, icludig 2.8 millio ex-service persoel ad 3.1 millio depedats (see sectio 2.3.2). However, data about the ex- Service commuity across the UK is poor ad icosistet, ad eeds to be improved i order to address the eeds of this populatio better. The ex-service commuity is older tha the populatio as a whole, with the average age of a adult i the ex-service commuity beig 63 years old i 2005, compared with 47 years old for the geeral populatio (see sectio 2.3.3). The Miistry of Defece (MOD) has primary resposibility for the health, wellbeig ad welfare of Service persoel ad their immediate families. It also provides support for their trasitio to civilia life (see sectio 2.4). After that, provisio for the ex-service commuity hads over to maistream public services such as the NHS, charities ad private providers (such as employers ad private housig providers). The govermet has put i place a large body of legislatio over the last decade to try to esure better outcomes of trasitioig to civilia life, ad has recetly put over 65 millio of LIBOR (the Lodo iterbak offered rate) fies fudig ito the armed forces welfare charity sector to icrease support (see sectio 2.5). The specialised eeds of ex-service persoel, cuts to services ad the gaps i the quality of provisio from the NHS, plus the log history of armed forces charity assistace blur the boudaries betwee public ad charitable provisio ad these boudaries are liable to become eve more idistict i future (see sectio 2.6). 15

34 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Owig to the agig profile of the ex-service populatio, the commuity is more likely tha the UK geeral populatio to experiece various log-term physical health coditios ad there has bee a icrease i these coditios sice 2005 (see sectio 2.7.1). Metal health is a particular cocer for the ex-service commuity with the MOD reportig that betwee 2007/08 ad 2013/14 metal health disorders icreased amog all servig persoel by 74% (see sectio 2.7.2). Certai groups icludig Early Service Leavers (those who leave before havig completed four years i Service), reservists ad those who have see active combat ted to be more vulerable to certai metal health issues (see sectio 2.7.2). Access to help eeds to be improved, particularly for those seekig metal health support (MOD figures show that early half of those who sought help were ot able to access it i 2013/14) ad Early Service Leavers who eed a greater amout of help with trasitioig to civilia life (see sectio 2.7.3). While the majority of ex-service persoel experiece very few difficulties with trasitioig to civilia life after the armed forces, a sigificat miority require specialist care (see sectio 2.7.5). The icreased umber of persoel leavig the Service as a result of the reductios, plus the icrease i the umbers of Service ad ex-service persoel with additioal eeds caused by active combat i Iraq ad Afghaista are likely to put added pressure oto charitable provisio ad a stretched NHS (see sectio 2.7.8). The literature suggests that icreasig the profile of the armed forces charity sector (icludig the etry of high-profile ew charities) raises public doatios across the sector (see sectio 2.8). 2.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARMED FORCES CHARITIES The moder origis of the armed forces charity sector ca be traced back to the ieteeth cetury. Its evolutio ever sice has bee strogly iflueced by Britai s military campaig history. The UK s oldest tri-service armed forces charity still i operatio is SSAFA. SSAFA origiated as the Soldiers ad Sailors Families Associatio i I February that year, as the secod expeditioary force set sail for Egypt durig Britai s Suda campaig, Major James Gildea wrote to The Times appealig for fuds ad voluteers to look after families left behid. With doatios floodig i, the Soldiers ad Sailors Families Associatio was bor: By the ed of its first year, 231 wome ad 466 childre had received grats totalig 515 ad 10 shilligs (SSAFA.d.). I 1921, the charity chaged its ame to The Soldiers, Sailors ad Airme s Families Associatio followig the creatio of the Royal Air Force (RAF) i Prior to SSAFA, some smaller charitable fuds coected to regimets of the British Army had already bee established. For istace Sir James McGrigor, Director Geeral of the Army Medical Service, set up two fuds early i his teure for widows (the Army Medical Friedly Society i 1816) ad the orphas (the Army Medical Officers Beevolet Society i 1820). 16

35 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Followig these begiigs, it was the outbreak ad the cosequeces of the First World War that led to the uprecedeted growth ad expasio of UK armed forces charities. Extra help from the public was certaily eeded at a time whe the British welfare state was ot yet i existece. More tha 6 millio me served i the First World War 725,000 ever retured. Of those who did, 1.75 millio had suffered some kid of disability ad half of these me were permaetly disabled. To this figure the had to be added those who depeded o those who had goe to war the wives ad childre, widows ad orphas as well as the parets who had lost sos i the war, o whom they were ofte fiacially depedet. But eve those who had come through the war relatively uscathed struggled with employmet. As a result of the war, Britai s ecoomy plummeted ad i 1921 there were 2 millio uemployed. TRBL 2014a Whe the First World War bega i the early days of August 1914, may wealthy ad wellcoected people visited Whitehall ad voluteered to put their substatial resources at the disposal of the War Office (Harris 2014). Ex-Service persoel themselves also orgaised support groups. Such help gradually coalesced ito more formal charitable orgaisatios. Betwee 1916 ad 1920, 11,407 wartime charities were registered (aother 6,492 were exempted from registratio) (ibid.). May of today s most well-kow armed forces charities have their origis i that period ad are still goig today, almost 100 years later. For example: Blid Veteras UK (formerly St Dusta s) was fouded i 1915 by Sir Arthur Pearso, who the owed the Eveig Stadard ad fouded the Daily Express. Havig lost his ow sight through glaucoma, he was shocked at society s attitude to blidess. He decided to help those who had lost their visio i the First World War by givig them the care ad rehabilitatio they eeded to lead costructive, self-sufficiet lives (Blid Veteras 2013). Blesma, The Limbless Veteras (formerly the British Limbless Ex-Service Me s Associatio) was fouded i the years followig the First World War whe 40,000 Service me who had lost limbs or eyes durig the war faced mass uemploymet ad subsequet deprivatio 90% of the atio s war limbless could ot fid work. Durig this period the limbless gathered together i groups determied that if society would ot help them, they would help themselves. So the Limbless Ex-Service Me s Associatio was bor ad grew, fially achievig atioal status i 1932 as the British Limbless Ex-Service Me s Associatio Blesma (Blesma 2013). RAF Beevolet Fud was fouded by Lord Trechard i 1919, a year after he fouded the RAF, to provide direct welfare assistace to the 16,000 casualties, 2,600 widows ad depedats, ad 7,500 badly icapacitated me of the fledglig RAF, who ofte had little or o chace of employmet for the rest of their lives (RAFBF 2014). The Not Forgotte Associatio was fouded i 1920 by Marta Cuigham, Americabor soprao siger ad philathropist, with the object of providig etertaimet ad recreatio for the war-wouded to alleviate the tedium of their lives ad give them somethig to which they could look forward (NFA 2013). 17

36 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext The Royal British Legio was formed i 1921 by Lace Bombardier Tom Lister, who decided that the govermet of the day was ot doig a good eough job of improvig the lives of ex-service persoel. This evetually led to the formatio of The British Legio from the amalgamatio of four ex-service persoel orgaisatios that had established themselves after the First World War. The charity was grated Royal status i 1971, ad i 1981 exteded its membership to servig members of Her Majesty s Forces, as well as ex-service persoel (TRBL 2014a). Moder estimates usig registratio figures from the Charity Commissio (prior to this research) put the umber of armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales at aroud 2,000 (Greville 2013), with several thousad more uregistered. 2 No figures were available for armed forces charities i Scotlad or Norther Irelad DEFINING THE BENEFICIARY POPULATION Establishig who is ad is ot a member of the armed forces beeficiary populatio is ot ecessarily straightforward. Who is a vetera, for istace? While the term vetera may be a commo oe, we do ot use it i this report (except whe used i quotatios or i referece to govermet termiology, publicatios, etc.) sice it holds some cootatios which ca cause cofusio, ot least of which is that the Lati root of the word comes from the word vetus, meaig old, ad yet ex-service persoel of the British armed forces ca be as youg as 16. Istead, we use the term ex-service persoel to deote ayoe who has served (eve for a day) i the UK armed forces, excludig their depedats. If we are talkig about ex-service persoel ad their depedats we use the term ex-service commuity. To refer to servig ad ex-service persoel ad their depedats we use the term armed forces commuity. The UK govermet has adopted a very iclusive defiitio of veteras: Those who have served for at least a day i HM Armed Forces whether as a Regular or as a Reservist (MOD 2000, p. 4). This defiitio does ot require persoel to have bee deployed o active service or eve that they have completed basic traiig. The UK govermet s defiitio of vetera ad the wider armed forces commuity is also broad i compariso with other coutries defiitios. For istace, the Australia govermet defies veteras as persoel who have served i a active deploymet overseas (Dadeker et al. 2006, p. 166). Furthermore, it has also bee show i a Kig s Cetre for Military Health Research study that the way UK ex-service persoel self-idetify does ot alig with the official UK govermet defiitio. Those who idetified themselves as veteras were more likely, for istace, to have served as regular persoel rather tha i the reserves. Neither does it fit with the public perceptios of veteras, which ted to focus o older ex-service persoel ad/or those who served i both World Wars (Burdett et al. 2012, p. 4). Some members of the geeral public ad some armed forces welfare charities would rather that scarce resources are targeted at those ex-service persoel who, by virtue of their operatioal armed forces service, geuiely deserve compesatio (Dadeker et al. 2006, p. 170). 2 Which are beyod the scope of this report. 3 Charity Choice (charitychoice.co.uk) lists 11 armed forces ad ex-service charities for Scotlad ad 6 i Norther Irelad. 18

37 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Most recetly, Lord Ashcroft, the idepedet lead o the review of veteras trasitio services was critical of the UK govermet s defiitio, recommedig that the MOD should re-examie this ad refie the criteria to produce a acceptable qualificatio with greater credibility ad exclusivity (Ashcroft 2014, p. 24). Supporters of the wider defiitio argue that this coceptio of the term is eeded because it catches those who have served shorter terms who are the most at risk of social exclusio (see sectio ). Ideed, it was speculated that the broad defiitio was chose i recogitio of the fact that those who serve for shorter periods of time may suffer greater issues of social exclusio (Dadeker et al. 2006, p ). The welfare eeds of ex-service persoel will be discussed i greater detail i sectio THE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE UK ARMED FORCES COMMUNITY The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership estimated that, as of 1 April 2014, there were 198,810 servig persoel i the UK armed forces ad 270,963 depedats icludig spouses ad depedet childre. As at 1 July 2014, the umber of servig persoel had slightly falle to 196,500. Overall, there has bee a 15.5% reductio i the umber of servig persoel sice April 2011 (MOD 2014a, pp. 12 ad 26). These fallig figures are i lie with the plaed reductios set out i the coalitio govermet s 2010 Strategic Defece ad Security Review of 17,000 UK regular armed forces persoel by 2015 (see table 2.1), later revised to 29,000 (MOD 2010). Furthermore, as a result of a Three-moth Review i 2011, this umber was further revised to 33,000 by 2020 (or 19% of the Services from the 2010 baselie), with the majority of the reductio i the British Army (Brooke-Hollad ad Thurley 2014). Further cuts may be aouced as part of the ext Strategic Defece ad Security Review i 2015 (Gribble et al. 2014, p. 50). I tadem with these reductios, the govermet is pursuig its Future Reserves 2020 programme, which aims to icrease the size of the reserve force as a proportio of the overall armed forces, expad the role of reservists ad itegrate them more ito the armed forces structure (MOD 2011a, p. 5). I additio, part of the Strategic Defece ad Security Review pla is to close UK armed forces bases i Germay resultig i the retur of 20,000 Service persoel ad their families betwee 2010 ad 2020 (MOD 2010, pp. 28 ad 32). Aroud 70% of British Army persoel will be brought back from Germay by the ed of 2015, with the fial 4,300 back by the ed of 2019 (Hill.d., p. 43). 19

38 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Table 2.1 Reductios i persoel by Service agaist 2010 baselie (MOD 2010, p. 32) Service Number of regular persoel: reductio required Required umber of regular persoel 2015 Number of reserves: icrease required 4 Required umber of reserves 2015 (traied stregth) Royal Navy/ Royal Maries (5,000) 30,000 +1,200 3,100 Maritime Reserves British Army (7,000) 95, ,000 30,000 Territorial Army Royal Air Force (RAF) (5,000) 33, ,800 Royal Auxiliary Air Force A shrikig armed forces is ot a ew pheomeo. The umber of armed forces persoel has bee fallig cosistetly sice the ed of the Secod World War. I 1991, at the time of the First Gulf War, the UK had aroud 5.3 Service persoel per 1,000 of the populatio. By 2013 this had falle to aroud 2.7 per 1,000 (MOD 2014b, p. 15) Average umber of years served Accordig to a Royal British Legio/Compass Partership survey i 2005, the average umber of years served by ex-service persoel was six years (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2005). I 2014 that average had moved up to seve years. I additio, a greater umber (21%) served for more tha te years, versus 16% i 2005 (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). Coversely, i 2014 a greater proportio of ex- Service persoel more tha oe-third (37%) had served fewer tha three years, versus 34% i 2005 (ibid.). As show i figure 2.1, i Figure 2.1 Percetage of Early Service Leavers versus others, 2009/ % 50.50% Fewer tha four years service More tha four years service 4 Based o 2011 figures at time of publicatio of Future Reserves 2020 (MOD 2011a, pp ). 20

39 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext 2009/10, half of those who left the service had served fewer tha four years (FiMT ad The Futures Compay 2013); these ex-service persoel are kow as Early Service Leavers. This is sigificat because there appear to be large differeces i the outcomes of trasitio for Early Service Leavers versus persoel who leave after four years (see sectio ) Ex-Service commuity profile Aroud 20,000 persoel leave the armed forces every year i the UK (MOD 2014a), with 23,830 Service leavers i 2012/13 (MOD 2014c p. 18), but there are o official statistics available for the UK ex-service populatio or the etire armed forces commuity. Ulike other coutries, the atioal cesus does ot iclude a questio cocerig armed forces service. This makes accurately idetifyig the precise armed forces populatio size difficult ad we must therefore rely o professioal estimates (based o relatively small samples of <10,000). The MOD is workig with the Office for Natioal Statistics to add a veteras idetifier to the Itegrated Household Survey, but this has ot yet yielded ay results (MOD 2013a, p. 9). Three estimates have bee produced i recet years, which show fluctuatios i this populatio ad a decrease i ex-service persoel. I 2005 The Royal British Legio with Compass Partership extrapolated from a represetative sample of UK adults aged 16 years ad over livig i private residetial dwelligs. They estimated that there were approximately 4.8 millio ex-service persoel aged 16 years ad over (or about 8% of the UK adult populatio livig i private residetial households) ad aroud 5.37 millio depedats. I additio, 0.4 millio of the ex-service commuity were estimated (this populatio was ot surveyed) to be livig i commual establishmets. Icludig this estimatio, the etire ex-service commuity was evaluated to be aroud 10.5 millio, or 18% of the UK populatio (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2005, pp. 7 ad 17). Usig data from a 2007 atioally represetative residetial survey of Eglad, the Office for Natioal Statistics estimated the umber of ex-service persoel residig i private households i Eglad to be approximately 3.8 millio or aroud 9.1% of the Eglish populatio aged 16 ad older (ONS 2009, p. 51). This was cosistet with the Royal British Legio/Compass Partership 2005 figures for Eglad (ibid. p. 53). I 2014 The Royal British Legio with Compass Partership oce agai published a estimate of a ex-service persoel populatio, this time of aroud 2.8 millio or 4.4% of the UK populatio, plus 3.1 millio depedats livig i residetial households. I additio 190,000 to 290,000 were estimated to be livig i commual establishmets such as care homes. Icludig this estimate, this makes a ex-service commuity total of aroud 6.1 to 6.2 millio or 9.5% to 9.6% of the UK populatio (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). This percetage has declied from 18% i 2005, probably illustratig the loss of older ex-service persoel from the World Wars who will ot be replaced i the same umbers by the curret geeratios of servig persoel. 5 Four years is the miimum elistmet for British Army recruits aged over 18. Those uder 18 must elist util their 22d birthday. Royal Navy ad RAF recruits must serve a miimum of three-ad-a-half years after completio of basic traiig, or four years (whichever is loger). After this they must give oe year (British Army ad Royal Navy) or 18 moths (RAF) otice to leave. There are pealties for leavig before this time has elapsed (after a three- to six-moth coolig-off period, accordig to Service). O leavig the Service, persoel are trasferred automatically ito the reserves for six years ad may be called upo at ay time for up to 16 days i ay year, or loger durig times of emergecy. Cocers have bee raised, such as by SSAFA ad ForcesWatch, over the rates of cofusio amogst recruits over their terms of employmet. This cofusio is compouded by the fact that aroud half of all recruits below officer level have a readig level at or below that of the average 11-year-old. ForcesWatch reports that 2,000 to 3,000 recruits have goe AWOL (abset without official leave) over the last te years. (ForcesWatch 2011, pp. 1 2) 21

40 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext This study s estimate of those livig i commual establishmets such as care ad ursig homes (usig 2011 cesus figures) amouts to aroud 4% to 5% of the ex-service commuity (the figure for the geeral adult populatio of the UK is less tha 1%). However, it is possible that these figures may uderestimate the total size of the ex-service persoel populatio, as those i commual establishmets (such as prisos, hostels, ursig homes, ad icludig those who are homeless) were ot surveyed. The umber of ex-service persoel is expected to cotiue to decrease i comig years from 6.21 millio i 2014 to 5.45 millio i 2020, 4.7 millio i 2025 ad 3.94 millio i 2030 (all other thigs remaiig equal) (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014) The ex-service commuity i more detail The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership have profiled the ex-service commuity populatio i some detail. The two sub-populatios (both ex-service persoel ad their depedats) are ofte described together sice a armed forces perso faces may differet issues as a result of Service life together with their spouse or parter ad childre. Some of this detail is summarised below, ad supplemeted by other sources. (Uless stated otherwise, all iformatio is sourced from TRBL ad Compass Partership (2014).) Age: the ex-service commuity is older tha the populatio as a whole. The average age of a adult i the ex-service commuity was 63 years old i 2005, compared with 47 years old for the geeral populatio. A estimated 28% were over 75 years old i 2005; ow that umber is 46%, compared with 10% of the geeral populatio; 64% are over 65 years old. The umber of those i the ex-service commuity who are uder 65 years old has falle sharply i the last decade betwee 2005 ad 2014 while the 75 to 84 age group has grow. This 75 to 84 age group explosio is a oe-off, however, ad represets the Natioal Service geeratio reachig old age at a time whe life expectacy is icreasig. Geder: the vast majority of ex-service persoel are male (89%). Of the whole ex- Service commuity 53% are male ad 96% of depedats are female. Female Service persoel, as at 1 July 2013, accouted for 12.6% of officers ad 9.2% of other raks, a icrease from 4.8% of officers ad 5.0% of other raks i 1980 (Berma ad Rutherford 2013). Ethicity: the ex-service commuity has fewer members from o-white miority ethic groups (1.7%) compared with the geeral populatio (12.4%). Educatio: oly 11% of the ex-service commuity aged 16 to 34 have a degree, compared with 54% i the same age group of the geeral populatio of Eglad ad Wales. Employmet: 37% of the ex-service commuity aged 16 to 64 are out of work, compared with 27% of the same age group i the geeral UK populatio, with 24% of this age group i the ex-service commuity beig o meas-tested beefits. Housig: approximately 95% of the ex-service commuity live i private residetial households, with 4% to 5% residig i commual istitutios (such as care homes ad hospitals). 22

41 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext 2.4 THE ROLE OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE I this ceteary year of the outbreak of the First World War, the UK has oe of the largest defece budgets i the world at the equivalet of aroud 60 billio US dollars (Wyatt 2014), which was 2.3% of GDP i 2013 (World Bak.d.); however, major cuts to this budget are afoot. A recet study by the Royal Uited Services Istitute (RUSI) predicts Britai s spedig o defece could fall to 1.88% of GDP below the Nato bechmark of 2% by 2015 (Chalmers 2014, p. 1). The MOD is at the heart of govermet provisio for servig persoel i the armed forces. I operatio sice 1946, it employed 181,000 Service persoel, 64,000 civilia staff ad had a gross operatig cost of 39.2 billio as at 2012/13 (NAO 2013, pp. 8 9). It provides housig, o-site family services ad healthcare, pesios, ad trasitioig services icludig re-employmet programmes. The mai items makig up this i-service expediture are detailed i sectios to The MOD ows a estate of aroud 230,000 hectares valued at aroud 25 billio (MOD 2013b, p. 61). It is also resposible for three executive o-departmetal public bodies (also kow as arm s-legth bodies) that fall uder MOD accoutig: the Natioal Army Museum, the Natioal Museum of the Royal Navy, ad the RAF Museum. These museums, sposored by the MOD, are also registered charities i Eglad ad Wales. I additio, the MOD supports orgaisatios providig support i various forms to the whole armed forces commuity with aroud 179 millio worth of grat-i-aid i 2012/13 (these grats also support remembrace ad other remits) (MOD 2013b, p. 121). The MOD spet 55,000 per Service perso i direct persoel costs i 2012/13, up from 52,000 i 2011/12, which reflects i part the icrease i pay for armed forces persoel (MOD 2013b, p. 8) Housig The MOD provides short- ad log-term housig ad accommodatio for all persoel ad their immediate families i order to facilitate the mobility of troops. It supplies Service family accommodatio to aroud 42,000 armed forces persoel ad their families i the UK. Sigle livig accommodatio is also supplied with a worldwide stock of 160,000 available spaces. Service persoel pay a mothly charge for the property which is sigificatly below the market rate (reflectig the fact that they have o choice about where they live ad have o right to buy their property). The aual cost to the MOD of this accommodatio is aroud 425 millio per aum (Burr 2009, p. 4). O top of this, the MOD rets aroud 1,300 properties from the private sector to cover shortfalls of suitable available accommodatio, costig aroud 16 millio per aum. All properties are maitaied by the MOD, except for mior repairs, hadled via a sigle housig prime cotract (ibid., pp. 5 6). 23

42 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Healthcare ad metal health The uiformed medical ad detal persoel from all three Services are kow collectively as the Defece Medical Services. The Defece Medical Services has the primary role of esurig that Service persoel are ready ad medically fit to serve. It has over 7,000 regular persoel ad provides healthcare to about 258,000 people. It rus 15 Regioal Rehabilitatio Uits across the UK ad Germay, has five MOD Hospital Uits embedded ito NHS hospital trusts which provide specialist care (also kow as acute trusts), ad rus the Royal Cetre for Defece Medicie i Birmigham. I additio it has 16 6 armed forces-ru Departmets of Commuity Metal Health i the UK, with a additioal five at the major permaet overseas bases (MOD 2012a). The MOD provides compesatio paymets where illess, ijury or death is caused by servig i the armed forces. Tax-free lump-sum awards rage from 1,200 to 570,000 uder the Armed Forces ad Reserve Forces Compesatio Scheme, which also provides mothly Guarateed Icome Paymets for those with serious ijury or illess (MOD 2014e). The Armed Forces Metal Health Strategy provides the framework for optimisig levels of metal health i the armed forces. It icludes a duty to esure that Service families ad ex- Service persoel who are i eed are appropriately cared for by the NHS (i partership with others). The MOD provides outpatiet metal healthcare for servig persoel through the 16 regioal Departmets of Commuity Metal Health ad cetres overseas. Ipatiet care is provided by specialist psychiatric uits uder cotract from the NHS. The MOD is workig to implemet the recommedatios of Dr Adrew Murriso s 2010 report, Fightig Fit, with the Departmet of Health, the NHS ad charitable orgaisatios. These recommedatios iclude buildig i a metal health systems equiry ito routie Service medical examiatios ad givig access to the Royal Cetre for Defece Medicie for Service leavers for up to six moths after discharge (MOD 2014d, p. 1). Armed Forces Networks across the UK, which are closely liked with regioal armed forces structures, meet regularly to help esure that those commissioig, deliverig, supportig or carig locally or regioally i the NHS, MOD, local authorities ad armed forces charities work collaboratively (NHS Eglad 2014). I additio, NHS-fuded Natioal Veteras Metal Health Networks help to esure that ex- Service persoel ad their families get the right treatmet, whether from a GP, hospital, metal health service or other charities (ibid.). Ex-Service persoel with metal health eeds are etitled to priority treatmet from the NHS for Service-related coditios. The MOD complemets NHS treatmet with the Veteras ad Reserves Metal Health Programme which has provided full metal health assessmets for reserves deployed o operatios sice 2003 ad ex-service persoel with operatioal Service sice It also provides fudig for some war pesioers treatmet by the charity Combat Stress (for those Service-related metal health issues caused before 6 April 2005 where this is ot covered by other UK legislatio) (ibid.; MOD 2014d, pp ) The MOD report cited (MOD 2012a) refers to 15 Departmets of Commuity Metal Health i the UK i 2012; this umber has goe up to 16, as referred to i MOD 2014d).

43 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext CASE STUDY The Defece Recovery Capability The Defece Recovery Capability is a MOD-led iitiative, maaged i partership with Help for Heroes ad The Royal British Legio alogside other armed forces charities ad agecies. It is desiged to esure that wouded, ijured ad sick persoel have access to the key services ad resources eeded to help them either retur to duty or make a smooth trasitio ito a appropriately skilled civilia life. This care is delivered by the Services ad armed forces charities. Each perso uder the Defece Recovery Capability has a idividual recovery pla which sets out a recovery pathway for the idividual, itegratig all aspects of recovery icludig medical care, welfare, housig, educatio, reskillig, work placemets, ad employmet issues ad opportuities. I cases that are particularly complex or whe recovery is likely to take more tha 56 days, idividuals may be trasferred to a Persoel Recovery Uit. There are 11 Persoel Recovery Uits (armed forces uits for the commad ad care of wouded, ijured ad sick persoel with the greatest eed) spread across the UK ad i Germay. These are MOD uits fuded ad staffed by the three Services, although the uit i Germay receives substatial support from The Royal British Legio. A rage of other charities uderpi these uits, for example ABF The Soldiers Charity fuds the provisio of the Special Employmet Cosultats to these uits o behalf of the Defece Recovery Careers Service. Persoel Recovery Uits ca refer cases to a umber of further specialist uits, such as MOD regioal rehabilitatio uits ad Persoel Recovery Cetres. Persoel Recovery Cetres offer residetial facilities to those wouded, ijured ad sick persoel from across the armed forces udergoig recovery as well as providig facilities for day attedees; they are ot hospitals or rehabilitatio cetres. Persoel Recovery Cetres are situated withi or close to garrisos, ad are curretly i Catterick, Colchester, Tidworth, Ediburgh ad Seelager i Germay. The Persoel Recovery Cetres i Catterick, Colchester ad Tidworth are fuded by Help for Heroes, ad partly supported by the MOD ad The Royal British Legio. The Ediburgh Persoel Recovery Cetre is separately fuded by the Legio (i partership with the Scottish armed forces charity Erskie). The Legio has also committed fudig to the Battle Back Cetre i Lilleshall (West Midlads). The Battle Back Cetre provides sports ad adveturous activities for wouded, ijured ad sick persoel from all three Services (TRBL.d.) 25

44 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext The Recovery Career Services was also lauched as part of the Defece Recovery Capability i May 2013 to esure that wouded, ijured ad sick persoel are give every opportuity of competig i the civilia employmet market. The Recovery Career Services is itrisically liked with the Career Trasitio Partership, the MOD provider of resettlemet services (see sectio 2.4.5). Uless otherwise stated, the source for this case study is MOD 2012b. CASE STUDY Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre The Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre at Headley Court (Surrey) is a atioal MOD cetre of excellece which provides rehabilitatio services to Service persoel followig ijury, ofte icludig prosthetics for amputees. Origially fouded as RAF Headley Court after the Secod World War for the treatmet of ijured RAF aircrew, Headley Court has bee operatioal for over 60 years ad is ow part of the Joit Medical Commad. Followig a warig from the Natioal Audit Office that the Royal Cetre for Defece Medicie at Selly Oak ad the Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre at Headley Court were reachig capacity just as 4,000 British troops were preparig for a major offesive agaist the Taliba i Afghaista i May 2008, the govermet aouced that the facilities at Headley Court would be upgraded at a cost of 28 millio (Lost Hospitals of Lodo 2014). Betwee 2010 ad 2012, the facility icreased the umber of beds available for complex trauma patiets from 18 to 66 i a 21 millio project fuded by Help for Heroes ad delivered by Capita (Capita 2014). At preset there are 135 hostel rooms for force geeratio patiets ad 96 ipatiet beds to support those who eed more ursig support (RAF 2014). The facilities, set i 85 acres of ladscaped gardes, iclude a hydrotherapy pool, swimmig pool, four fully equipped gyms ad a state-of-the-art limb-fittig ad amputee cetre (NHS Choices.d.). A Care Quality Commissio Report i Jue 2012 recogised the care ad rehabilitatio give to patiets at Regioal Rehabilitatio Uits ad at the Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre Headley Court as exemplary (CQC 2012). I February 2013, the UK govermet made 17.5 millio available to esure that Headley Court ad ie specialist NHS facilities i Eglad would be able to provide both ijured persoel ad ex-service persoel with the most techologically advaced prosthetics available, where it is cliically appropriate (MOD 2013a, p. 20). 26

45 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Despite its success, plas are curretly uderway for a ew 300 millio Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre to replace Headley Court. This will be based at Staford Hall, ear Loughborough. The ew cetre will be fuded by doors led by the Duke of Westmister, who bought the stately home i The MOD has stated that the ew facility is due to ope at the ed of All Help for Heroesfuded facilities will be trasferred to Staford Hall, ad a ew hydrotherapy pool will be built at Staford with all costs met by the Duke of Westmister s charity. The move has caused cocer to some. For example, Headley Court is a Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre, but Staford Hall would be a Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre, meaig that Staford Hall would ot be exclusively for armed forces persoel but would be used to treat the wider public, for example people who have bee ivolved i car accidets (BBC 2014). The much larger site ear Loughborough has bee chose because it is strategically well placed to serve all parts of the UK, beig close to the Quee Elizabeth II hospital i Birmigham, where ijured troops are repatriated from overseas, ad also close to trasport liks such as the M1 ad East Midlads airport (Staford Hall Estate Redevelopmet 2012). This holds strog merit, give the strog cocetratio of other armed forces resources i the South (see Chapter 5 for further details). Additioal fudraisig for Staford Hall will be coordiated through a ew charity kow as The Black Stork Charity (CC o ), whose charitable objects are: cocered with the promotio of health through: provisio of cliical rehabilitatio of members of the Armed Forces; the promotio geerally of rehabilitatio medicie icludig research; ad provisio of facilities, equipmet or services to restore people who have experieced a disablig disease or ijury (regardless of professio) to optimum physical ad psychological fuctio ad to eable such people to retur to ad remai i appropriate work. These objects reflect the broad visio of the DNRC [Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre] as a establishmet that will beefit both Defece ad the atio, with the 2 facilities o the same site beig mutually reiforcig i terms of sharig best practice, research ad the opportuity to beefit from the healig eviromet that the site offers. Staford Hall Estate Redevelopmet Educatio The MOD provides grats to persoel who have served for more tha six years ad who wish to study for additioal educatioal qualificatios which may help with life after Service Operatioal welfare The MOD has log-stadig operatioal welfare structures to support servig persoel uder the Deployed Welfare Package. This icludes free phoe calls for 30 miutes a week, Wi-Fi access ad iteret facilities for deployed persoel, ad the Families Welfare Grat to support their families (MOD 2014d, p. 14). 27

46 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Trasitioig The MOD provides help to bridge the gap whe armed forces persoel trasitio back to civilia life ad to mitigate the potetial egative cosequeces of trasitioig i a umber of ways icludig i partership with a umber of orgaisatios, services ad programmes: The Career Trasitio Partership is a parterig agreemet betwee the MOD ad Right Maagemet Ltd, which provides resettlemet support, career trasitio advice ad traiig opportuities. I 2012/13, 81% of Service leavers were eligible for resettlemet support by the programme. Of those who were eligible, 91% registered with the Career Trasitio Partership (of all Service leavers, 74% registered for the programme). Betwee 2010/11 ad 2013/14, the success rate of those usig the programme beig i employmet withi six moths of leavig the Service has raged from a low of 82% (i quarter 3 of 2009/10) to a high of 88% (i quarter 1 of 2011/12) (MOD 2014c, pp. 1, 17 18). See also sectio The MOD Joit Service Housig Advice Office rus the MOD Referral Scheme which offers Service leavers a additioal route ito social housig. I additio, a ew Forces Help To Buy pilot scheme, which came ito beig i April 2014 uder the New Employmet Model, allows persoel to borrow up to 50% of their salary (to a maximum of 25,000) to buy their first home or move to aother property (MOD 2014d). The Troops to Teachers programme sposors Service leavers to trai as teachers, i respose to the Schools White Paper, The Veteras Welfare Service is part of Veteras UK, which is admiistered by the MOD, ad offers advice ad support to ex-service persoel ad their families, particularly aroud War Pesios ad Armed Forces ad Reserve Forces Compesatio Schemes. It rus a 24-hour helplie ad ca refer people to some of the relevat services provided by the public ad private sectors ad by charitable orgaisatios. I additio to cetral MOD support, ex-service persoel ad their families ca receive aftercare from their ow Service charities ad beevolet fuds, whether the Royal Navy, the Royal Maries, the British Army or the RAF. For British Army ex-service persoel ad families, corps ad regimetal charities are the first port of call for welfare assistace. These charities are admiistered from corps ad regimetal headquarters which are MOD establishmets ad, to a large extet, staffed by MOD employees. Therefore, there is a elemet of public fudig goig to support these charities i the form of doated facilities ad staff. The icome of these charities, however, is self-geerated ad ot provided by the MOD or ay other public source of fudig. These charities will be explaied i detail i chapters 3 ad 6. 28

47 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext 2.5 THE ROLE OF LEGISLATION AND OTHER GOVERNMENT ACTION Recet legislatio The objective that those i the armed forces commuity should ot face ay disadvatages i compariso with the rest of the UK populatio has led to legislatio ad provisio to help with the trasitio back ito the civilia populatio ad to support those me ad wome returig from combat with physical or psychological ijuries. Table 2.2 lists some of the relevat recet legislatio ad reports. Table 2.2 Legislatio ad reports with recommedatios Legislatio Notes Armed Forces Coveat, 2000 See sectio Establishmet of a Miister for Veteras, 2001, ow evolved ito the Miister of State for Defece Persoel, Welfare ad Veteras Resposible for fulfillig the commitmets of the Armed Forces Coveat curret icumbet, Aa Soubry MP. Strategy for Veteras lauched i 2003, published i 2006 (MOD 2003), this has bee superseded by the 2014 Natioal Visio for Veteras (MOD 2014f) Alogside the lauch of the Veteras Iitiative (sice evolved ito the Veteras Programme) i recogitio of the special status of the ex-service commuity ad of the eed to esure that veteras issues are approached i a systematic way. This shared visio for veteras seeks to provide a focus for drivig coherece amogst those with resposibilities for, or iterests i, the UK s ex-service commuity. It builds o the priciples eshried i the Armed Forces Coveat to create a overarchig visio for veteras that embraces the full opportuity for them to achieve, to cotribute ad be recogised i society. It is, for the first time, a shared visio ad set of priciples for veteras that has bee edorsed by key Govermet departmets, Devolved Admiistratios, Local Govermet Associatio ad UK Service charities. Cobseo 2014 Establishmet of the Veteras Trasitio Special Represetative As part of the coalitio govermet s plas to support ex-service persoel, Lord Ashcroft was appoited as the Veteras Trasitio Special Represetative i 2010 with the task of makig sure that the Armed Forces Coveat is kept o track ad that military persoel get the support they eed whe makig the trasitio to civilia life (MOD 2012c). 29

48 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Legislatio ad reports with recommedatios Fightig Fit a report ito the metal healthcare for ex-service persoel (Murriso 2010) This is part of the coalitio govermet s plas to provide extra support for veteras metal health eeds (HM Govermet 2010). The report cotais four pricipal recommedatios: The icorporatio of a structured metal health systems equiry ito existig medical examiatios performed whilst servig. The itegratio of metal health assessmets ito routie medicals has sice bee achieved (MOD 2013b). A uplift i the umber of metal health professioals coductig veteras outreach work from Metal Health Trusts i partership with a leadig metal health charity. This is beig delivered via the set-up of regioal metal health services dedicated to the care of ex-service persoel with metal health problems (MOD 2012d). A Veteras Iformatio Service to be deployed 12 moths after a perso leaves the armed forces. This is supplied by Veteras- UK, part of Defece Busiess Services (DBS) withi the MOD. The trial of a olie early itervetio service for servig ad ex-service persoel Big White Wall is a trial service for servig ad ex-service persoel ad their families; while Combat Stress is beig fuded by a additioal 2 millio to help their services, icludig a 24-hour helplie (MOD 2012d). A better deal for military amputees a report dealig especially with prosthetic limbs (Murriso 2011) (Also see the Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre case study o page 26) Armed Forces Act 2011 I the wake of the 2010 Armed Forces Bill which recommeded special provisio for ijured ex-service persoel, especially amputees, ad the publicatio of Fightig Fit, this report reflected cocer by armed forces charities ad some servig persoel who have bee seriously ijured, that the NHS may ot be equipped to provide prosthetic services to the same stadard as the Defece Medical Service at Headley Court, ad recommeded the atioal specialist commissioig of prosthetics ad rehabilitatio. I February 2013, the UK govermet made 17.5 millio available to esure that Headley Court ad ie specialist NHS facilities i Eglad would be able to provide both ijured persoel ad ex- Service persoel with the most techologically advaced prosthetics available (MOD 2013a, p. 20). A update to the Armed Forces Act 2006, icludig the coalitio govermet s previously stated commitmet to put the Armed Forces Coveat ito law. Armed Forces Coveat, 2011 See sectio

49 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Legislatio ad reports with recommedatios Veteras Trasitio Review (Ashcroft 2014) This review broadly cocluded that although there is o shortage of provisio for Service leavers, preparatio by the idividual ad the supply of iformatio are crucial for a good trasitio. Lord Ashcroft s key recommedatios of relevace were as follows: Ecourage, through Cobseo, (the Cofederatio of Service Charities, detailed i sectio ), greater cooperatio, collaboratio ad cosolidatio i the armed forces charity sector. Establish a directory of accredited armed forces charities that meet quality criteria i terms of goverace ad effectiveess. Iclusio i the directory would be ecessary for the charity to be eligible for public fudig, referral or sigpostig. The directory would be ru by Cobseo. Make Cobseo the sigle poit of advice to HM Treasury o the allocatio to armed forces charities of fies imposed o baks that tried to rig the Lodo iterbak offered rate (LIBOR). Distributio is decided by a committee coveed by the Armed Forces Coveat Referece Group chaired by the Cabiet Office. The Veteras Welfare Services ad armed forces charities to establish a sigle 24-hour cotact cetre with a sigle telephoe umber ad web address for all Service leavers The Armed Forces Coveat The Armed Forces Coveat is a term that was coied i the year 2000 ad eshried ito law i May 2011 (MOD 2000; MOD 2011b). However, it embodies iheret obligatios of the state towards armed forces persoel which some would argue stretch back much further (McCartey 2010). The Coveat applies to servig ad ex-service persoel, their families ad the bereaved. It states that: the whole atio has a moral obligatio to the members of the [armed forces], together with their families. They deserve our respect ad support, ad fair treatmet (MOD 2000, p. 1). The Coveat has two mai priciples: the armed forces commuity should ot face disadvatage compared with other citizes i the provisio of public ad commercial services; special cosideratio is appropriate i some cases, especially for those who have give the most, such as the ijured or bereaved. To back up the Coveat, the govermet allocated a iitial 35 millio to the Coveat Referece Group (to form the Armed Forces Commuity Coveat (LIBOR) Fud) from fies levied o those baks ad fiacial istitutios foud to have maipulated or attempted to maipulate the LIBOR for their ow gai. All of this moey has ow bee allocated. For 31

50 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext example, i the third trache i December 2013, 1.94 millio was allocated to build houses for disabled ex-service persoel i Scotlad, 996,000 was allocated for a peer metorig scheme ru by Chage Step for hard-to-reach ex-service persoel i Wales, ad 575,000 was allocated to Combat Stress to set up a 24-hour helplie for members of the armed forces commuity dealig with metal health issues (MOD 2014d, p. 11). A further 2.26 millio was aouced i August 2014 to support ex-service persoel i Wales (Prime Miister s Office ad MOD 2014). A extra allocatio to the MOD of up to 40 millio of a further 100 millio of LIBOR fies was aouced i the Autum Statemet 2013 ad has goe ito the Veteras Accommodatio Fud i order to support projects which provide ex-service persoel accommodatio (HM Treasury 2013). The Chacellor has sice aouced that, o top of the LIBOR fudig, permaet fudig of 10 millio per aum will be made available to support the Coveat from 2015/16 (MOD 2014d). The Armed Forces Act 2011 obliges the Secretary of State to report to Parliamet aually o progress o the Coveat (MOD 2012e). Some key results so far iclude the creatio of: a Commuity Coveat to foster more local iitiatives to build bods betwee commuities ad members of the armed forces, icludig ex-service persoel; i July 2014 the last remaiig local coucil i Great Britai to sig up, the Isles of Scilly, did so (TRBL 2014b); a Corporate Coveat (lauched i Jue 2013) allowig employers ad their employees to declare their public support for the armed forces, which has bee siged by over 100 orgaisatios (MOD 2014d). Other achievemets which fall uder the Armed Forces Coveat so far iclude: a additioal 3 millio beig put ito state schools with Service childre by the govermet which has also chaged the Schools Admissio Code to allow ifat schools i Eglad to exceed desigated class sizes i order to accept Service childre (MOD 2013a, p. 32); the MOD iitiatig a doublig of the Families Welfare Grat, Coucil Tax Relief ad the Operatioal Welfare Allowace (MOD 2014d, p. 10); 200 millio beig put ito the three-year trial of the Forces Help To Buy scheme (MOD 2013a, p. 8); the strategic-level recogitio of veteras ad the trasformatio of the War Pesios Agecy ito the Veteras Agecy as a sigle focus for ex-service persoel cocers, providig: a advice poit ad sig-postig orgaisatio to a rage of govermet services (Departmet of War Studies ad the Istitute of Psychiatry 2003). Despite all these iitiatives, there is some cocer that cotiued govermet cuts will evetually mea a ed to special cosideratio for the Coveat agreemet: We are cocered about the risk that the goodwill that curretly exists to support the AF Coveat may ru out, as local authorities have to focus o more pressig issues withi their areas of resposibility (MOD 2013a, p. 11). If this comes to pass it will have the effect of ultimately leavig more work for charities to pick up. 32

51 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext I fact, for some, iitiatives such as the Commuity Coveat illustrate the devolutio of resposibility for the armed forces away from govermet to other third parties: 7 The Commuity Coveat scheme has come to symbolise how the publicatio of the coalitio s May 2011 Armed Forces Coveat sigificatly shifted the ous of resposibility for preservig the Coveat away from the state ad represeted aother maifestatio of the Big Society approach of seekig local, preferably third-sector, alteratives to cetral govermet provisio. Mumford CHARITABLE PROVISION FOR THE ARMED FORCES Armed forces charities It is iterestig to ote that public attitudes towards who should support ex-service persoel put the resposibility squarely o cetral govermet (53%), or the armed forces or MOD (21% ad 14% respectively). Oly 9% see this support as somethig which ex-service charities should have to provide (Departmet of War Studies ad the Istitute of Psychiatry 2003). Ad, ideed, the reality of provisio largely matches these expectatios: armed forces persoel are looked after by the MOD ad their ow Services, corps, regimets ad uits throughout their armed forces career. The MOD also provides support i several ways to help persoel to trasitio to civilia life (see sectio 2.4.5). After trasitio, the care of ex-service persoel hads over to the NHS ad other maistream public services. However, armed forces charities do play a sigificat role for the followig reasos. First, despite the cetral role of the NHS i the care of ex-service persoel, there is some cocer about a mismatch i expectatios ad the services received. Historically maistream NHS metal health services have ofte bee ill-equipped to idetify ad respod to the eeds of veteras. The problems of ex-servig persoel may fall betwee the cracks of existig services, too complex for primary care but ot cosidered to cross the threshold for commuity health services, which are more focused o severe metal illess. MacMaus ad Wessely 2013 Oe focus group study which brought together ex-service persoel ad their families ad carers with health ad social care professioals ad commissioers foud sigificat dissatisfactio with the provisio of care i the trasitio from armed forces life to civilia life (TRBL ad Combat Stress 2013, paras 19, 30, 67 68). Cocers ivolved cotiuity of service, a lack of joied-up approaches amog services ad a lack of cultural uderstadig of armed forces experieces or eeds. They called for better traiig for GPs ad expressed cocer that islads of good ad best practice were isolated ad competece i diagosig ad maagig a rage of coditios varied hugely accordig to where i the coutry help was accessed (ibid. paras 70 71). 7 I fact it was explicitly metioed i the govermet s official respose to the report by the Task Force o the Military Coveat that the Commuity Coveat idea is very much i keepig with our cocept of the Big Society. 33

52 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Secod, care for ex-service persoel eeds to be see withi the cotext of some of the biggest reforms ad cuts to the NHS ad other govermet services i recet times. As The Royal British Legio oted a few years ago: Spedig o the NHS is to be reduced from a aual icrease of 6% to 0.4% over the ext four years, startig i April This 0.4% aual icrease i NHS spedig is the lowest sice the 1950s... Cuts totallig 28% over four years i local govermet spedig will add to the pressures o the NHS. TRBL 2011 If the evetual result of these cuts is a decrease i the stadard of statutory support, the it would follow that the existig gap betwee the level of service eeded ad the reality of the provisio will icrease. This would mea that either this gap would the remai or it would be icreasigly filled by armed forces charities. Third, armed forces charities have a log track record as providers of welfare support to the armed forces commuity which pre-dates the creatio of the welfare state. Their expertise plays a big role i coordiatig, sigpostig ad providig care, particularly whe the NHS ad other public services have bee see to fall short of what is eeded (as outlied above). Ideed, this expertise appears to be highly valued by the govermet give that a umber of armed forces charities deliver publicly fuded services o its behalf or i partership with the govermet (see the Defece Recovery Capability case study o page 25). I this way, armed forces charities remai essetial ad igraied compoets i the ifrastructure of support available to the armed forces commuity. So, while public opiio falls strogly o the side that it is the govermet s job to look after ex-service persoel, ad without a doubt the primary resposibility for their care is govermetal, the specialised eeds of ex-service persoel, the gaps i the quality of provisio from the NHS, ad the log history of armed forces charity assistace mea that the reality is more complex. I additio, cuts to the NHS ad other public services are likely to exacerbate the issues with statutory provisio ad, as a result, the boudaries betwee public ad charitable provisio are liable to become eve more blurry i future Civilia charities which support armed forces persoel There are may civilia (i.e. o-armed forces) charities which also provide services ad grats for armed forces persoel as part of the populatio of the UK, ad to orgaisatios which help them. Two high-profile examples iclude the Big Lottery Fud ad the Royal Foudatio of The Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry. The Big Lottery Fud has give grats of over 88 millio to support ex-service persoel through programmes such as Heroes Retur. It recetly also ivested 35 millio i the Forces i Mid Trust (FiMT) i 2012 (Big Lottery Fud.d.). The followig case study outlies the activities of the Royal Foudatio of The Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry. 34

53 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext CASE STUDY The Royal Foudatio of The Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry The Royal Foudatio of The Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry was legally established by the prices i September 2009 ad became fully operatioal i Give both the prices careers i the armed forces, it is ot surprisig that oe of the three strads of work udertake is with the armed forces: Promotig the welfare of those who are servig or who have served their coutry i the Armed Forces. The foudatio s work has icluded the recet Ivictus Games (ivictusgames.org) preseted with the MOD: Royal Foudatio cotributed a sigificat grat to the stagig of the Ivictus Games. The evets i September will mark the begiig of a legacy programme to support accessibility of adaptive sports ad further employmet opportuities for trasitioig Serviceme ad Wome leavig the Armed Forces. The Chacellor of the Exchequer, George Osbore, also supported this importat cause with a 1 millio doatio from the LIBOR fud. Royal Foudatio.d. I 2013 the foudatio had a icome of 3.9 millio, a total expediture of 3.6 millio, charitable expediture of 3 millio ad total assets of 5.2 millio. The foudatio also makes grats, totallig early 2.5 millio i 2013, icludig, for example, 100,000 for Walkig with the Wouded, whose expeditio to the South Pole i 2013 was patroised by Price Harry (Royal Foudatio 2013). It is impossible to estimate how may civilia charities provide assistace to the armed forces commuity i the UK, ad how much practical support ad fiacial aid they give. However, it should be bore i mid that, as udoubtedly effective as some of these charities ad programmes may be, there may also be some hidde barriers to their use by ex-service persoel ad their families who may prefer to deal with issues i a eviromet where they are surrouded by others with experiece i the armed forces. This is particularly pertiet whe discussig health (especially metal health) issues: What is differet [for veteras] is that i order to be useful services must be accessible ad acceptable ad the evidece is at this date that some veteras are reluctat to seek help from civilia health professioals (Veteras UK.d.). (See sectio for more iformatio regardig access to help ad barriers to seekig help.) 35

54 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Coordiatio of ad cooperatio i the armed forces charity sector While the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW), the Charity Commissio for Norther Irelad (CCNI) ad the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR) moitor ad regulate registered charities there is also the Cofederatio of Service Charities, Cobseo. Established i 1982, Cobseo has a membership of aroud 200 (as at 29 September 2014) of the estimated 350 forces charities that provide care ad beevolece (Ashcroft 2014, p. 128). The role of COBSEO is to represet, promote ad further the iterests of all Service ad ex-service me ad wome of all raks, their spouses ad depedats by exchagig ad coordiatig iformatio betwee its members, represetig ad supportig the eeds of its member orgaisatios at atioal ad local Govermet levels, actig as a focal poit for exteral agecies ad idetifyig issues of commo cocer, particularly welfare matters ad coordiatig appropriate actio to resolve them. MSM 2013 Oe example of how Cobseo facilitates greater cooperatio ad coordiatio is the casework maagemet system project. Sposored by a umber of Cobseo members, the project developed a iteret-based paperless method of casework maagemet for all armed forces charities sharig data usig a secure olie system. The casework maagemet system wet live i 2009 ad was rolled out across 30 braches of SSAFA, six couty offices of The Royal British Legio ad 64 assistace providers. To date the system has more tha 700 registered users ad has facilitated over 1,100 cases. The beefits relatig to the time take to process cases are already beig oticed; for example, the time take for: auities to be paid to cliets has goe dow from two weeks to two days; paymet of a priority debt has bee reduced from two weeks to four days; a respose to oe assistace request is ow give i 12 miutes or uder. Cobseo ow has further plas to make the casework maagemet applicatio accessible to the various civilia charities that regularly provide fudig to support the work of armed forces charities (MSM 2013) Cocers about coordiatio ad cooperatio i the sector There has bee some disquiet i various quarters o the subject of coordiatio of ad cooperatio i the armed forces charity sector. Regardig potetial cofusio arisig from the umber of charities i the sector, the MOD commeted that: Collectively the umerous Service charities have cosiderable resources ad may offer excellet support, particularly to veteras. However, the sheer diversity of the sector ca cause cofusio ad there is cocer that their full resources are ot curretly beig tapped. Charities activities ca be determied by their ow priorities rather tha the eeds of veteras. Stracha et al

55 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext I 2011 a ivestigatio by British Forces News, part of the British Forces Broadcastig Services, reported its ow aalysis that the umber of ew charities set up to support the armed forces had tripled each year sice 2005, which led to calls for greater cosolidatio ad cooperatio i the sector (Telegraph 2011). Yet these figures are out of kilter with Charity Commissio figures for the same period which showed that whe you take ito accout the umber of charity closures there had bee a overall cotractio of the sector by 7% to 8% (Greville 2013). Noetheless, there have bee a umber of ew etrats ito that marketplace over the last decade, ad this has led to cocers i some quarters about poor coordiatio ad replicatio of services, most otably expressed by former Chief of the Geeral Staff Geeral Lord Richard Daatt, former head of the British Army, i 2011: I thik the issue that is perhaps most pertiet to the Service charity commuity is whether i fact there is a case to be made for better co-ordiatio ad co-operatio betwee the charities, so that there is t overlap ad that people are t duplicatig what someoe else is already doig. Telegraph 2011 I additio, Lord Ashcroft states i his rather damig Veteras Trasitio Review: These charities rage from the extremely large, such as oe with a icome of over 130m, to oe-perso vetures. They cover a huge spectrum of eed, are a mix of geeral ad iche provisio, atioal orgaisatios ad local, ad the very competet to the (frakly) ieffective.... While idividual charities may believe they are makig the best use of fuds as a orgaisatio, collectively they are ot. Ashcroft 2014, pp. 128 ad 132 Amidst cotetios that the armed forces charity sector is too old-fashioed ad uwillig to chage, Lord Ashcroft s mai proposals were for greater cooperatio, collaboratio ad cosolidatio amog armed forces charities, publicatio of a directory of accredited forces charities ad the establishmet of a sigle 24-hour poit of cotact ad iformatio for people i eed of help. The respose to Lord Ashcroft s review by the armed forces charity sector was mixed. For example, Lieuteat Geeral Sir Adrew Ridgway, executive chairma of Cobseo, argues that it is essetial to have diversity i a sector that serves such a broad rage of eeds (Ridgway 2014). Nevertheless, as we ca see from Cobseo s casework maagemet system, there are ways of improvig services ad greater levels of cooperatio ad collaboratio betwee armed forces charities ca already be see. The extesio of this system to civilia charities which support the armed forces should have a similar effect. I additio, this curret project, which comprises this report ad a olie directory of armed forces charities, will form oe aswer to Lord Ashcroft s recommedatios. These cocers are explored further ad commeted o i Chapter 7 i the cotext of our research fidigs o the umber of charities i, ad the coordiatio of, the armed forces charity sector. 37

56 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext 2.7 THE WELFARE NEEDS OF THE ARMED FORCES COMMUNITY It is importat to ote that, as we will see from the existig research, the armed forces commuity is ot a homogeous whole. All have the Services i commo, but beyod that the experieces ad eeds of those withi the armed forces commuity diverge i a umber of directios. The eeds of Service persoel ad their families, ad the challeges they face durig ad after servig i the armed forces are affected by a rage of factors: where they are posted, for how log, i what capacity, if they sustaied ijuries, if they had ay pre-existig coditios or risk factors urelated to servig i the armed forces, etc. There is, for example, a differece betwee the outcomes (ad therefore welfare eeds) of regular ad reserve troops leavig the armed forces. There are also differeces betwee those who leave the armed forces early ad those who go o to see active service after completio of basic traiig. These differeces are discussed i sectio More ofte tha ot the eeds of ex-service persoel will be iformed just as much by their circumstaces before joiig the armed forces: their socio-ecoomic backgroud, educatioal attaimet, pre-existig metal or physical health coditios or their family situatio ad relatioships. The British Army is kow to recruit from areas of high social deprivatio where ecoomic disadvatage ad low educatioal attaimet are both idepedetly associated with lower life expectacy ad poor health (Lewis et al. 2013, p. 16). This is a importat poit to ote sice some ex-service persoel may retur to areas of relatively higher deprivatio. The most curret survey of eeds (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014) foud that 42% of the armed forces commuity reported some difficulties over the previous 12 moths. The most commo difficulties were: gettig aroud outside home (13%); feelig depressed (10%); exhaustio/pai (9%); loeliess (8%); ot havig eough moey for day-to-day livig or for buyig or replacig items eeded (5%). The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership foud that betwee the 2005 ad 2014 surveys these eeds were largely uchaged. However, they varied by age group, with, for example, the oldest age groups havig more difficulties with self-care (15% aged 75 ad over) ad mobility (14%), while the yougest (16 to 44 years old) experieced more difficulties with employmet (6%) ad fear of violece or crime (4%). Of the armed forces commuity over 65 years old, 14% volutarily go without heatig i order to save moey, with 9% goig without through lack of moey ad 13% goig without through health ad support problems, especially those who live aloe ad/or who suffer illess (ibid.). 38

57 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Physical health The latest Royal British Legio/Compass Partership research reports a key fidig that half of the ex-service commuity have some log term illess or disability, most ofte a physical coditio. Prevalece of may coditios has icreased sice 2005 because of the ageig populatio, especially musculoskeletal coditios, cardio-vascular ad respiratory problems, ad sesory problems. The research shows that, also owig to the agig populatio of the ex-service commuity, it is more likely tha the UK geeral populatio to experiece these various log-term coditios (54% of the adult ex-service commuity, ad 57% of ex-service persoel, report sufferig from a curret log-term illess or disability) (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). The same research shows that those i the ex-service commuity betwee the ages of 35 ad 64 appear particularly vulerable to a rage of health issues. This group is more likely to report various log-term health problems (compared with adults of the same age i the geeral UK populatio), particularly musculoskeletal ad sesory problems (both hearig loss ad sight problems). I additio, problems with exhaustio ad pai peak betwee the ages of 45 to 54 (13%) (ibid.). New statistical aalysis published by Help for Heroes (2014) estimates the total umber of British me ad wome who will be left ijured or sick followig coflicts i Afghaista ad Iraq may be as high as 74,991. This is based o Help for Heroes statistical aalysis of existig, recogised studies ad MOD data obtaied from Freedom of Iformatio Act requests, plus Help for Heroes ow kowledge of the me ad wome they see every day. I additio, almost 22,000 have bee medically discharged from the armed forces sice the Afgha coflict bega (reasos for medical discharge ca iclude metal health issues) (Help for Heroes 2014). A rise i health issues for both servig ad ex-service persoel is partly due to the icreased umber of ijuries owig to the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) i recet coflicts (MOD 2013c). Dr Adrew Murriso details i his report to the govermet that i March 2003 sigificat umbers of amputees started to arrive from Iraq ad Afghaista with a upsurge from 2009 (Murriso 2011, p. 25) Metal health Metal health is a importat issue for the armed forces commuity to address because it is associated with poor life outcomes i may areas. As the Kig s cohort study authors put it, poor metal health i service gives a double disadvatage you are more likely to leave [the armed forces early], ad less likely to get a job after you leave (KCMHR 2010, p. 43). The same study otes explicitly the clear associatio betwee poor metal health ad social exclusio: I the cotext of developig UK veteras policy, this data suggests that UK serviceme whose metal health is poor are likely to be the most vulerable to social exclusio or hardship such as uemploymet, ad it seems that this risk factor may be a chroic oe extedig ito a vetera s life, with very little evidece of remittace of ill health after leavig. Ibid, p

58 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext I a survey coducted i 2011 by Lord Ashcroft, researchers foud that 91% of the public thought it was commo for former members of the armed forces to have some kid of physical, emotioal or metal health problem as a result of Service; oe third thought this was very commo. I his itroductio, Lord Ashcroft wared: Not oly is this utrue, it is damagig, sice it implies that the Forces do ot do eough to look after their persoel ad creates a extra hurdle for Service Leavers lookig for a job (Ashcroft 2014, p. 8). The Royal British Legio ad Poppyscotlad s respose to the Ashcroft review outlies their agreemet with this poit but also details the metal health areas that evertheless deserve special attetio with regard to ex-service persoel: We agree that more eeds to be doe to challege public perceptios of Service leavers. Cotrary to popular opiio, the metal health of the Armed Forces is ot, for the most part, worse tha the geeral populatio. Despite the attetio paid to it by the media, overall rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remai relatively low. Like the rest of the populatio, members of the Armed Forces are far more likely to suffer from commo metal health problems, such as axiety ad depressio, tha from PTSD... Some issues ad groups remai a cause for cocer. Across all age groups of Service persoel ad amogst some groups of veteras, rates of alcohol misuse, icludig alcohol depedecy, appear to be worryigly high. Some groups, such as those with preelistmet vulerabilities, Reservists, ad those exposed to combat, are at a sigificatly heighteed risk of developig PTSD. Early Service leavers are a vulerable group, with heighteed rates of suicide. Overall, metal health outcomes for veteras ad Armed Forces families remai poorly uderstood, as both groups have bee uderresearched. TRBL ad Poppyscotlad 2014, p. 6 The MOD reports a higher icidece of ew episodes of metal healthcare amog Service persoel i compariso with the UK geeral populatio, but this may be owig to mitigatig factors: The rate of ew episodes of care for metal disorders withi specialised psychiatric services amog UK Armed Forces persoel i 2013/14 was 30.4 per 1,000. This is higher tha the rate withi the UK geeral populatio (24.0 per 1,000e) ad may be due to a lower referral threshold to specialist psychiatric care i the Armed Forces compared with GPs i the geeral populatio who may be more likely to treat metal health disorders withi the primary care settig. MOD 2014g, para. 79 The same MOD statistics report that betwee 2007/08 ad 2013/14 metal health disorders icreased amog all servig persoel by 74%. This appears to be a large icrease, ad may well reflect a true rise i metal disorders amog servig persoel. However, it may also be owig to a umber of other factors icludig the use of a more robust methodology to uderpi the reportig of metal health i the armed forces ad MOD-led campaigs to reduce the stigma of metal health. The MOD states that it is ot possible to determie proportioately how much of the overall rise i metal disorder rates was due to each of these factors (MOD 2014g, paras 85, ). 40

59 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Coversely, icideces of more serious, log-term metal health coditios appear to be lower tha i the UK geeral populatio, although this may also be due to mitigatig factors: Rates of i-patiet admissios withi the UK Armed Forces populatio for 2013/14 were lower tha the rates i the UK geeral populatio (1.8 ad 6.0e per 1,000 respectively). The rigorous selectio of fit people ito the Armed Forces may help to prevet those with more serious metal disorders joiig the Services. I additio, Armed Forces persoel who have a metal disorder which prevets cotiued Service i the military eviromet may be cosidered for medical discharge, thus more severe cases of metal health may ot remai i the Armed Forces populatio. Ibid. para. 80 The latest Royal British Legio/Compass Partership research shows that aroud oe i five Service persoel ad recet ex-service persoel suffer from depressio, axiety ad other commo disorders, which is broadly comparable to the UK average. However, reported metal health problems amogst the ex-service commuity have doubled sice I additio some age groups withi the ex-service commuity report higher levels of depressio tha those i the UK geeral populatio, ad this peaks at 14% of those aged betwee 35 ad 44 compared with a atioal average of 6% (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). So while public perceptio of the issues may be exaggerated, there is some evidece of elevated levels of particular metal health issues amog servig ad ex-service persoel (this eeds more research), ad there are certaily some groups which particularly suffer, as highlighted by The Royal British Legio ad Poppyscotlad. The followig sectios focus o a umber of these groups ad metal health areas, but is ot exhaustive Groups with higher icideces of metal health issues The iformatio i this sectio cocetrates o metal health issues but aturally there is some crossover with physical health issues, as outlied i the statistics ad risk areas quoted. Raks other tha the officer class: those sufferig metal health are much more likely to come from raks other tha the officer class: Rates of those assessed with a metal health disorder i other raks was higher tha Officers (33.2 per 1,000 stregth ad 16.7 per 1,000 stregth respectively). The differeces betwee Other Raks ad Officers may be due to educatioal ad/or socioecoomic backgroud, where both higher educatioal attaimet ad higher socioecoomic backgroud are associated with lower levels of metal health disorder (Meltzer et al., 2003 [2002]). The majority of Officers (with the exceptio of those promoted from the Raks) are recruited as graduates of the higher educatio system, whilst the majority of other Raks are recruited straight from school ad ofte from the ier cities (particularly for the Army). MOD 2014g, para

60 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Those deployed or exposed to combat: deployed reservists ad, perhaps usurprisigly, those who saw active combat durig their deploymet (as opposed to fulfillig some other role) ted to have higher reported icideces of metal health issues (KCMHR 2010). The Natioal Audit Office published a report i 2010 which foud that deployed persoel are more likely to show some metal health symptoms tha those who did ot deploy: The rate of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) assessed i the UK i previously deployed Service persoel was 1.1 per 1,000 persoel, ad 0.3 per 1,000 persoel who have ever deployed (NAO ad MOD 2010, p. 39). The MOD also foud that those deployed to Iraq or Afghaista preseted a much greater risk of beig assessed with PTSD. I 2013/14 a Service perso who had bee deployed to Iraq was 1.4 times more likely, ad to Afghaista 2.2 times more likely, to be diagosed with PTSD tha those ot previously deployed i either coflict (MOD 2014g, para. 8). The charity Combat Stress recetly reported a 57% icrease i metal health issues related to combat i Afghaista i 2013 ad a 20% rise i Iraq ex-service persoel requestig help with metal health issues, despite that coflict edig five years ago. I additio, the charity still treats ex-service persoel from the 1982 Falklads coflict ad the coflict i Malaya which eded i 1960 (Hopkis 2014). Other studies have show that it is combat service ad ot deploymet per se which is associated with a icreased likelihood of a egative metal health outcome (Roa et al. 2009). Early Service Leavers: the fidigs across the research, polls ad surveys show that those who leave the services early ted to have poorer life outcomes o average, icludig worse health ad poorer employmet prospects (as outlied i sectio 2.7.6), ad as such are some of the most vulerable ex-service persoel with the most complex eeds. The risk of suicide i particular is kow to be greater i Early Service Leavers (Kapur et al. 2009, p. 1). Oe study showed that Early Service Leavers report higher levels of childhood adversity [ad were] at a icreased risk of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), commo metal disorders, fatigue ad multiple physical symptoms (Buckma et al. 2012). I additio, the helplie, At Ease, reports that some recruits who wish to leave but are uable to, resort to self-harm, takig drugs ad suicide attempts. ForcesWatch has suggested chages to the miimum Service period to reduce these occurreces (ForcesWatch 2011, pp. 2 3). This could also have a beeficial effect o Early Service Leavers outcomes o trasitio. Reservists: as outlied i sectio 2.3, the restructurig of the armed forces will push the reserve forces further ito the cetre of operatios ad this could have kock-o effects o the profile of eed. Cobseo, SSAFA ad The Royal British Legio wrote i their preface to the Armed Forces Coveat aual report 2013 that they were surprised that the restructurig has ot produced: ay obvious strategy to address the somewhat differet challeges that are faced by Reservists ad their families. This particularly relates to those Reservists who are deployed o operatios ad whose families, by the very ature of Reservist Service, do ot ejoy the ormal welfare support fuctios ad structures that are associated with regular service. MOD 2013a, p

61 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext This chage may have implicatios for metal health give that reserve forces are twice as likely to report poor metal health ad PTSD as regular forces (MOD 2014h, para. 94). Particular age groups: metal health issues appear to peak i the ex-service commuity betwee 35 ad 54 years old. Rates of depressio peak at 14% for 35- to 44-year-olds, compared with a atioal average of 6% for that age group (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). As oted earlier, MOD statistics report that betwee 2007/08 ad 2013/14 metal health disorders icreased amog all servig persoel by 74%, but amog those aged betwee 30 ad 44 it icreased by over 100% (MOD 2014g, paras ) Metal health issues ad associated coditios with particular sigificace to the armed forces Suicide: oe study spaig over 25 years ad edig i 2007 foud that suicide rates are lower amog servig persoel tha the geeral populatio, with the exceptio of British Army males uder the age of 20 (Fear et al. 2009). A more recet study lookig at ex-service persoel had similar fidigs: the overall rate of suicide was ot greater tha i the geeral populatio but the risk was higher amogst those aged 24 ad youger who had left the armed forces. This group was foud to be two to three times more likely to commit suicide tha the geeral ad servig populatios. The risk of suicide was greatest i males, those who had served i the British Army, those with a short legth of service ad those of lower rak (Kapur et al. 2009, p. 1), which highlights some of the higher-risk groups as outlied above. Self-harm: self-harmig amog ex-service persoel has show similar treds to suicide i terms of likelihood ad risk factors, though with higher levels overall tha the geeral populatio. Oe study of self-harm amog servig persoel foud a lifetime prevalece of self-harm which more tha doubled amog ex-service persoel whe compared with servig persoel (10.5% vs 4.2%, respectively). Reportig of self-harm icreased amog youger persoel as well as those who had experieced more childhood adversity ad psychological ijury (Pider et al. 2012). Alcohol misuse ad depedecy: the team at Kig s College foud that across the armed forces amog those uder 35, alcohol misuse i both me ad wome was twice that of the UK populatio of the same age ad geder (after this age the levels of alcohol misuse become similar to those i the UK geeral populatio). I additio, armed forces persoel were more likely to drik if they were male, i the Royal Navy or British Army, sigle, of juior rak, ad had a paret with a drik or drug problem (KCMHR 2010, p. 41). This is backed up by The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership fidigs: Across every age group, Service persoel appear to misuse alcohol at a sigificatly higher level tha the geeral populatio. They are also substatially more likely to be depedet o alcohol (6% vs 3%). The differece is particularly stark amogst female Service persoel, who are aroud five times more likely tha wome i the geeral populatio to be alcohol depedet (5% vs 1%). Furthermore, icreased alcohol cosumptio follows Service persoel home, with 23% of ex-service persoel aged 16 to 54 havig a alcohol 43

62 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext problem. However, the effect appears to reduce over time such that ex-service persoel are overall less likely across all age groups, but particularly those aged 55 ad over, tha the populatio average to report a alcohol problem (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). PTSD: the MOD otes that assessmets of PTSD at their Departmets of Commuity Metal Health facilities have bee growig over the last seve years ad have rise more quickly tha metal health coditios i geeral (by 155% betwee 2007/08 ad 2013/14 compared with a geeral icrease of 74% i rates of metal disorders i the armed forces as a whole (MOD 2014g, paras ). Nevertheless, cases of PTSD remai low overall, at 2.3 cases per 1,000 which accouts for approximately 10% of all eurotic disorders year o year sice 2007/08. By compariso, adjustmet disorder accouts for 60% of all eurotic disorders ad icreased by 85% over the seve years (ibid., paras ). It is worth otig, however, that these figures refer oly to idividuals presetig to the specialist Departmets of Commuity Metal Health. It does ot take ito accout those who seek help solely through their GP or Service charities, or those who do ot seek help at all. Actual overall figures therefore may be higher Access to help Those who do develop problems eed to be able to access timely ad effective support ad itervetio. TRBL ad Poppyscotlad 2014, p. 6 Survey data published by the MOD suggests that i recet years aroud oe i four armed forces families have sought metal health support. Yet 46% of those who eeded help were ot able to access it i 2013/14 (MOD 2014h, p. 48, table F.2.8). The most commo difficulty i accessig services was said to be a lack of available places (6%) (ibid., table F.2.10). The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership have calculated that aroud 6% or 530,000 people i the adult ex-service commuity had eeds with which they were receivig o help, advice or support (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2006b, p. 24). The Royal British Legio ad Poppyscotlad criticised the postcode lottery of NHS metal health services, although they welcomed specialist services such as the Natioal Veteras Metal Health Networks as a step i the right directio (TRBL ad Poppyscotlad 2014, p. 6). As we have outlied, Early Service Leavers are some of the most vulerable members of the armed forces commuity ad they eed a correspodig level of support. Yet this is ot ecessarily a straightforward issue. Limited resources mea that there will always be those who advocate that the greatest help should go to those who have give the greatest service meaig the logest term or suffered the most serious physical ijuries while others argue that more ofte tha ot those who served for the shortest time are those most i eed. Lord Ashcroft s Vetera s Trasitio Review was critical of the fact that oly those who have served six years or more have access to the full resettlemet advice ad guidace from the MOD. The govermet subsequetly took this criticism o board ad stated more support will be offered to those who leave the armed forces before their miimum term eds (House of Commos 2013). The 2014 Career Trasitio Partership statistics outlie a reviewed 44

63 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext approach: Persoel who left the Armed Forces with less tha four years Service, but who left o redudacy or due to medically discharge are o loger classed as Early Service Leavers as they are eligible to the Full Resettlemet Programme, ad therefore classed as a Service Leaver (MOD 2014c, p. 10). This is certaily a improvemet o the situatio but whether it is eough to adequately assist oe of the highest risk groups remais to be see. The Kapur et al. study shows that of those ex-service persoel who died by suicide, the proportio i cotact with metal health services (21%) i the year before their death was lower tha the geeral populatio (28%). This was lowest amog the youg: 14% of those aged uder 20, ad 20% of those aged 20 to 24 (Kapur et al. 2009, p. 5). The researchers postulate that because the higher-risk groups iclude utraied persoel who serve for a short period, this may reflect a vulerability that precedes service i the armed forces. As such, they suggest that better practical ad psychological preparatio for discharge ad ecouragig appropriate help-seekig behaviour oce idividuals have left the Armed Forces could be useful forms of itervetio (ibid. p. 8). Part of the explaatio for ot reportig metal health issues may be the real or perceived barriers to askig for help. May i the armed forces have served sice they left school so for may of them they have grow up as adults i the armed forces. Comig from a professioal culture where pride ad the ability to crack o with the job i the face of adversity are ecouraged, this ofte meas that askig for help with problems, health issues, ad metal health issues i particular, is difficult. It may be that a stubbor ad residual stigma attached to metal health cotiues to prevet people from seekig out support. As oe ex-service persoel told a jouralist: You did t ask for help, people thik you re soft. Istead you go for a bath or a quick drik (Towsed 2008). The MOD reports that efforts to improve reportig of metal health cocers ad uptake of care amog persoel partially explais the rise i ew cases i recet years. A geeral lack of awareess amog the armed forces commuity of available help crops up repeatedly as a issue i studies o the subject. Whe talkig to persoel who had bee seriously ijured or disabled durig service, The Royal British Legio foud that gaps i service provisio resulted maily from lack of kowledge about availability of ad etitlemet to services ad respodets greatest perceived eeds were for a desigated cotact to outlie the assistace available to them (Herritty et al. 2011, p. 14). Seekig help from ex-service charities is ot limited to the ex-service persoel themselves. SSAFA s welfare statistics show that cotact to its Forceslie iformatio ad support helplie came: oe-third from servig persoel, oe-third from worried family members of servig persoel, ad oe-third from ex-service persoel, their families ad third parties (SSAFA 2013). 45

64 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Service families Service families should ot be forgotte. They form half of the armed forces commuity ad experiece particular issues of their ow, although less is kow about these. For Service families there are some barriers to accessig care ad support; for istace havig to relocate whe earig the top of NHS waitig lists, cotiually re-registerig with GPs ad the lack of a atiowide system for idetifyig depedats who qualify for certai priority support all cause real hardship. The Local Govermet Iformatio Uit has advised local authorities that: both simple chores such as registerig for GPs, detists ad more demadig iteractios such as receivig IVF treatmet ad metal healthcare ca preset Service families with added childcare difficulties. Service providers eed to cosider this whe desigig services (Gaskarth 2010, p. 48). For those who have successfully accessed services there is some evidece that may still fid it difficult to egotiate the trasitio from the armed forces to civvy street with health, housig ad job-searchig idetified as areas which were particularly problematic. There was cofusio amogst armed forces commuity families about statutory service ad charitable provisio which ofte saw ex-service persoel ad their families passed aroud betwee differet services (Sherriff 2013). A commo complait was the lack of a desigated, idividual amed cotact. I additio, some were reluctat to use services because they cosidered that there would be more deservig beeficiaries tha themselves (Herritty et al. 2011, p. 6). Aother toll that Service life ca take is o the employmet prospects ad wellbeig of Service persoel s parters ad spouses. May parters live effectively as sigle parets for much of the year with complete resposibility for childcare. For those without childre there are still difficulties associated with persoel redeployig at short otice or trasferrig to a ew base. The patter of armed forces life ca ofte iterfere with work makig it difficult to hold dow full-time employmet or develop careers. I respose to this issue, The Royal British Legio is pilotig a Families LifeWorks programme to offer career guidace ad support to Service parters, while the Uiversity of Wolverhampto is pilotig a Depedats Busiess Start-up Programme to esure the eeds of armed forces parters are ot overlooked (MOD 2013a, pp ). Special cosideratio should also be give to families of Early Service Leavers owig to the particular issues faced by this group (as outlied i sectio ) Schools Service childre ca ofte fid themselves at a disadvatage i the allocatio of school places due to, for example, parets missig deadlies for registratio while deployed as well as the frequet relocatio of oe or both parets. I additio, local authorities are fidig that they are able to do less to moitor ad resolve these problems because of the loss of cotrol of those schools which have become academies ad free schools (Adams 2014). At the same time, the govermet is takig some steps as a result of the Armed Forces Coveat to address some of the uique disadvatages Service childre may face. For example, it is icreasig the pupil premium for Service childre, creatig better provisio for 46

65 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext data sharig betwee schools ad revisig the rules o admissios for childre who eed to fid a school place mid-term (MOD 2013a, p. 7) Trasitioig A great umber of Service persoel, uderstadably, feel some level of axiety about leavig the armed forces. This is atural give the big shift i so may aspects of a idividual s life that this ivolves. May i the armed forces have served sice they left school, so for them writig a CV, securig employmet ad fidig somewhere to live all preset ew challeges. The Forces i Mid Trust (FiMT) was set up with a ivestmet from the Big Lottery Fud i 2012 to ivest ad sped 35 millio over the ext 20 years to support the psychological well-beig ad successful ad sustaiable trasitio of veteras ad their families ito civilia life. It will provide log-term help that supports ad jois up with the valuable work already beig carried out by a rage of orgaisatios. FiMT defied a good trasitio as follows: A good trasitio is oe that eables ex-service persoel to be sufficietly resiliet to adapt successfully to civilia life, both ow ad i the future. This resiliece icludes fiacial, psychological, ad emotioal resiliece, ad ecompasses the ex-service perso ad their immediate families. FiMT ad The Futures Compay (2013) Accordig to the Natioal Audit Office the majority of Service leavers make successful trasitios from the armed forces to civilia life: 38% foud trasitio to be as expected ad 36% foud it easier tha expected. A sigificat miority, about a quarter, the foud it more difficult tha expected. Of this miority, it was particularly those who had served a shorter time i the armed forces, those uder 25 years old (42%) ad those with more juior raks (40%) who stated they foud it more difficult tha expected (NAO 2007, p. 30). With regard to those who have served a shorter time i the armed forces, Lord Ashcroft observed: It is ofte assumed that the loger a Service career, the harder will be the evetual retur to civilia life. The truth is almost the reverse of this. Early Service Leavers, who have served up to four years (but may durig that time have completed operatioal tours i places like Afghaista) receive oly the most basic support for trasitio ad are the most likely to experiece uemploymet ad other problems. Ashcroft 2014, p. 14 The Trasitio Mappig Study (FiMT ad The Futures Compay 2013) calculated the cost to the UK of usuccessful trasitio to be almost 114 millio (icludig metal health issues at 26 millio ad alcohol misuse at 35 millio). The mai themes which came out of this report were that: experieces of trasitio vary greatly, depedig o persoal attitude to trasitio as well as social cotext; 47

66 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext differeces betwee armed forces ad civilia life are vastly uderestimated ad the cultural differeces ca come as a surprise; the extet to which a Service leaver s family is able to help is ofte reflected i trasitio success, but is rarely cosidered as part of the process; fiacial demads of civilia life ca come as a shock, ad a Service leaver s idividual life skills overall ca be uderdeveloped; the rage of help for Service leavers ca be difficult to uderstad ad avigate Employmet, fiace ad debt As oted i sectio 2.4.5, whe persoel leave the armed services they receive a certai level of resettlemet support from a parter agecy, cotracted by the MOD, alog with some armed forces charities. This programme, the Career Trasitio Partership, helps leavers with their oward career plaig ad actios. All persoel who had served for at least four years (or fewer if medically discharged or made redudat) qualify for support. The latest Royal British Legio/Compass Partership (2014) figures estimate that rates of employmet are lower amog workig age ex-service persoel tha i the geeral populatio (60% vs 72%). This research otes that this may be liked to poor health withi the ex-service commuity, as workig age households are over twice as likely as the UK populatio to be receivig sickess or disability beefits, ad workig age adults are more likely tha the geeral populatio to report havig a limitig illess. Of veteras aged 25 to 44 with a log-term illess, over half attribute it to their Service (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). It is fair to reaso that it will be more difficult for those i higher-risk groups outlied i to fid ad retai employmet. Ideed the statistics seem to cofirm this. For those who had served from 0 to 4 years ad accessed the Career Trasitio Partership (CTP) i 2012/13, the uemploymet rate was 15%. This was 5% higher tha the earest groups: those who had served betwee 10 ad 19 years (MOD 2014c, p. 26). The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership research also foud that 37% of the ex-service commuity aged 16 to 64 are out of work, compared with 27% of the geeral UK populatio, with 24% of this age group beig o meas-tested beefits (ibid.). The MOD Career Trasitio Partership statistics for 2012/13 state that of those who used the resettlemet services: employmet rates across all Services were broadly the same for 2012/13 amog regular service leavers at 83% with the British Army slightly lower (82%); these were higher tha the geeral populatio (71%) (MOD 2014c, p. 2); me were much more likely to be i employmet tha wome (88% vs 66%) although a higher proportio of wome (26% vs 8%) were ecoomically iactive ad more likely, therefore, to be choosig ot to work (ibid.); 48

67 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext uemploymet was much higher amog Early Service Leavers (15% of those who had served zero to four years were uemployed) tha those who had served loger (ibid., p. 27); uemploymet amog those who were medically discharged was sigificatly higher at 16% tha those who left the Service for other reasos (9%) (ibid., p. 28). It should be oted that i 2012/13, while there were 23,700 Service leavers durig this period oly 13,340 eded up usig the Career Trasitio Partership. Of those, 11,030 foud employmet (ibid., p. 18). The MOD has o data o the employmet outcomes of 10,360 persoel (or 44% of leavers that year). These icluded those who were ot eligible for support (4,330) or did ot use it (6,030). This is ot to say that these groups ecessarily did ot or could ot fid work. They may have made Service coectios which helped them secure work without the eed for the Career Trasitio Partership, for example. Equally we should be aware of the possibility that some of these leavers could be uemployed ad for whatever reaso were ot able to access this support. For those Early Service Leavers who are ot eligible for support from the Career Trasitio Partership, the Future Horizos Programme provides traiig ad career advice (Fossey 2013). The Future Horizos Programme was developed by the Educatio, Resettlemet ad Job-Fidig Cluster of Cobseo ad trial-fuded i the mai by FiMT with iitial pumpprimig fudig provided by The Royal British Legio. Aother commo difficulty amog curret servig persoel is access to credit: ievitable regular chages of address couted agaist members whe it came to credit checks. More tha a quarter of persoel told oe survey that they had bee refused a mortgage, loa or credit card i the last five years, ad early oe i five had trouble gettig a mobile phoe cotract. After leavig the armed forces, 45% of Service persoel said oe of their biggest cocers was about fiace ad budgetig, risig to 53% amog the lower raks of the British Army (Ashcroft 2012, p. 39) The crimial justice system There is believed to be a relatively small umber of ex-service persoel i the UK priso system. A recet review of the available data i 2014 foud that betwee 3.5% ad 7% of the priso populatio i Eglad ad Wales are ex-service persoel, which is broadly similar to the percetage of veteras i the UK populatio as a whole (TRBL 2014c). While the MOD have estimated that male ex-service persoel aged 18 to 54 were 30% less likely to be i priso tha o-ex-service persoel (MOD 2012f), further research is eeded to clarify the situatio The effect of eed o services The eed profile of the armed forces commuity is ot static. Chagig demographics i the ex-service persoel populatio ad the servig populatio will mea that the profile of eed will chage agai i years to come. 49

68 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Ideed, researchers at Kig s College have suggested that there will be a gradual icrease i demad: It is true that the absolute umber of military persoel who have served i either coflict [Iraq or Afghaista] ad ow require support or treatmet is icreasig, ad will cotiue to do so. This is simply because the total umbers who have deployed to either theatre ad evetually decide they eed help will ievitably icrease or because of a icrease i the geeral awareess of the importace of metal health problems. KCMHR 2010, p. 27 Also with regard to the drawdow of troops from Afghaista, i additio to the returig persoel from bases i Germay ad the plaed icreased use of reservists (as outlied i sectio 2.3), The Royal British Legio commets: Whilst the chai of commad will still be ultimately resposible for those curretly servig, their families ad depedats will eed school places ad access to local health services, etc. Some of these idividuals may have ever lived i the UK before ad may take a while to adjust to the differeces. Local authorities should ot uderestimate the plaig ad additioal resources that may be eeded to support these idividuals. Hill.d., p. 43 The curretly kow eed profile, as outlied i sectio 2.7, shows that some members of the commuity demostrate higher icideces of certai physical ad metal health disorders ad this is likely to put extra pressure o UK services. I additio, sectio highlighted NHS cuts ad the likely icrease i the eed for help from armed forces charities. As a result, these curret coditios the recet global ecoomic crisis, moder warfare, particularly i Iraq ad Afghaista where may have see combat are likely to put extra pressure o society s supply of such goods ad services, particularly for the proportio of leavers who require specialist aftercare. The high cost of usuccessful trasitio, as outlied i sectio 2.7.5, makes successful trasitioig from the armed forces to civilia life a top priority for the UK, as a whole, to get right. Joied-up service provisio, by the state ad charities is a key part of this. With this i mid it is of paramout importace that service providers are able to locate ad idetify the potetial beeficiaries: The NHS Services are desperate for more iformatio from the MOD as to whe ex-service persoel will be comig to live i certai areas so health professioals ca more proactively follow them up rather tha hope they surface if they eed help (James 2013). This also poits to a eed for greater govermet support, of all types, for the armed forces charity sector, especially sice as the followig sectio will show, a higher profile leads to higher doatios, ad curret plas for reductios i the umbers of Service persoel are likely to result i a decrease i visibility of the armed forces commuity. Chapter 7, sectio ad 7.7 puts this predicted icrease i demad ito the wider cotext of the research coducted for this report. 50

69 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext 2.8 ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE ARMED FORCES COMMUNITY AND SUPPORT FOR ARMED FORCES CHARITIES Volutary doatios to large armed forces charities icreased by more tha 25% betwee 2008 ad 2010 while other charities experieced a fall i the same period (CAF 2012). This is likely to be due to the high profile of the armed forces i recet years, their promiece i headlies, ad the fudraisig efforts of high-profile ew etrats ito the armed forces charity sector (such as Help for Heroes). However, it is worth otig that The Royal British Legio s icome fell by 7 millio i 2013, icludig a 3 millio drop i icome to the Poppy Appeal (TRBL 2013). Help for Heroes experieced a similar drop of 7 millio volutary icome i 2013 which was a oe fifth-reductio o the previous year (Help for Heroes 2013). Time will reveal whether these drops i icome will prove to be aomalous or the start of a tred of waig support. A study usig data from the 2011 British Social Attitudes survey showed that almost twothirds (64%) of Britos were familiar with at least oe orgaisatio or charity supportig ex- Service persoel. People aged uder 55 years were sigificatly more likely to report o kowledge of ex-service persoel charities tha those aged 65 years ad over (Gribble et al. 2014, p. 52). 8 Of those uder 35 years of age, over half (52%) were ot aware of ay charitable orgaisatios for ex-service persoel, although the report otes that this is most likely to be because of a geeral lack of kowledge about the armed forces rather tha idifferece towards ex-service persoel (ibid., p. 54). Very few armed forces charities, however, were amed by members of the public (see figure 2.2), ad these teded to be the large fudraisig charities with PR budgets to match. The report otes that doatig to the Poppy Appeal is ot oly associated with kowledge of the orgaisatios for which it raises moey (i.e. The Royal British Legio ad the poppy charities) but also with awareess of Help for Heroes ad other armed forces charities ad orgaisatios. This suggests that kowledge of ay veteras charity may be beeficial for icreasig doatios i this sector ad that competitio for volutary doatios may ot be as importat for larger veteras charities, give their promiet public profile.... Smaller charities may therefore also beefit from a icrease i public awareess of the wider sector (ibid. 2014, p. 55). 8 The report s methodology states: To measure public perceptios of veteras charities, the British Social Attitudes survey icluded a rage of questios cocerig awareess of such orgaisatios. To measure kowledge of veteras orgaisatios, respodets were asked if they kew of ay charities or orgaisatios supportig former members of the UK armed forces. To determie awareess of idividual charities, respodets were asked to ame, uprompted, up to three veteras charities (ibid., p. 51). 51

70 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Figure 2.2 Public Kowledge of Idividual Orgaisatios ad Charities for Ex-Service Persoel; reproduced from Gribble et al. 2014, p. 53 with permissio from RUSI 9% 7% 3% 2% 2% 40% Royal British Legio/Poppyscotlad/ Poppy Day/Earl Haig Help for Heroes SSAFA Other Red Cross/Salvatio Army 37% Erskie Hospital Armed Forces Beevolet Fuds/ Royal Air Force Associatio This fidig is bolstered by a Charities Aid Foudatio poll, described i the Gribble article, which reported that doatios i this sector have bee show to have positive effects o cotributios to other ex-service charities. More tha half of respodets to the survey (55%) idicated that they are more likely to support other charitable orgaisatios after seeig the work that armed forces charities provide for ex-service persoel ad servig troops (CAF 2013). The article otes that doatios to the Poppy Appeal were ot egatively iflueced by public attitudes towards the Iraq ad Afghaista coflicts, idicatig a more uaced opiio of the armed forces amogst the British public tha might previously have bee imagied (ibid., p. 55). This is best illustrated by the fact that despite almost six out of te (58%) people surveyed thikig that the UK was wrog to eter the coflicts i Iraq (ad Afghaista, 48%), more tha 90% of those surveyed support the ex-service persoel of these campaigs (Park et al. 2012). Gribble et al. (2014) coclude: While it is ot certai how British public opiio will chage followig the withdrawal of UK combat troops from Afghaista by the ed of 2014, the curret high levels of support for ad iterest i the UK armed forces provide a excellet although possibly very limited widow of opportuity i which favourable public opiio of the military could be used to build o curret public recogitio of the veteras charity sector ad icrease volutary cotributios. 52

71 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext I 2011 approximately two-thirds of Britos surveyed i the British Social Attitudes Survey reported a relatioship with someoe a family member, fried, colleague, eighbour or other curretly servig, or havig previously served, i the UK armed forces (Gribble et al. 2014). This could chage followig the Strategic Defece ad Security Review reductios, with fewer people havig ay coectio with the armed forces commuity. Ideed it was reported i 2014 that, statistically speakig, you are more likely to kow a hairdresser tha a servig member of the British armed forces (Kirkup 2014). 2.9 WHY THIS PROJECT IS TIMELY AND NECESSARY May reasos have bee highlighted durig this review of the research to date, all of which poit to the eed for greater kowledge of ad uderstadig about the work of armed forces charities. These iclude: 1 A lack of awareess of help available to the armed forces commuity As highlighted i sectio 2.7.3, there are issues surroudig those who are i greatest eed ot seekig help ad, i additio, a lack of awareess of how ad where to seek help. Awareess-raisig, outreach ad dedicated caseworkig appear to be relatively uiform eeds, regardless of the help required. The olie directory ( that forms the other strad of this project will allow the armed forces commuity to search the website for sources of help. I this way we hope this project will help to further awareess-raisig efforts ad improve access to iformatio, ultimately cotributig to improved access to help. I additio, we hope to create some more clarity geerally about what charitable support curretly exists for the armed forces commuity. 2 Misiformatio about the size ad shape of ad cocer about coordiatio ad cooperatio i the armed forces charity sector Sectio describes some of the cocers from various quarters about the existece of too may armed forces charities i the sector, ad the accusatio of there ot beig eough coordiatio ad cooperatio betwee them. I light of our research for this report o the size ad costitutio of the sector, we address these issues i Chapter 7 ad evaluate the myths ad realities of this debate (see sectios 7.2 to 7.5). 3 The eed to capitalise o public doatios ad goodwill Sectio 2.8 reveals recet research o public opiio ad support for armed forces charities, showig that levels of support ad iterest are curretly high. However, our research preseted i chapters 4 ad 7 will explore icome treds for those charities for the period 2008 to 2012 ad it will reveal a decreasig level of icome for the vast majority of charities i Further research ito this will eed to be coducted to see whether charities are able to capitalise o these high levels of support ad to icrease their doatios i the years to come. 53

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75 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Kirkup, James (2014), Now that our forces have stopped beig killed, we ve lost iterest, The Telegraph olie, 3 July, accessed 10/10/2014 Lewis, C., L. Holmes ad A. Scott-Samuel (2013), Health eeds assessmet for ex-armed forces persoel aged uder 65, ad their families, Cheshire ad Merseyside, Liverpool Public Health Observatory, o. 93 March, pp Lost Hospitals of Lodo (2014), Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre [web page], ezitis.myze.co.uk/headleycourt.html, accessed 30/10/2014 [website uder costructio] MacMaus, D ad S. Wessely (2013), Vetera metal health services i the UK: Are we headed i the right directio?, Joural of Metal Health, vol. 22, o. 4 McCartey, Hele (2010), The military coveat ad the civil military cotract i Britai, Iteratioal Affairs, vol. 86, pp Meltzer, Howard, Nicola Sigleto, Aliso Lee, Paul Bebbigto, Traolach Brugha ad Rachel Jekis (2002), The Social ad Ecoomic Circumstaces of Adults with Metal Disorders, Lodo, The Statioery Office MOD (2000), Armed Forces Coveat, attachmet_data/file/49469/the_armed_forces_coveat.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 9/10/2014 MOD (2003), Strategy for Veteras, vetstrategy1.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 7/09/2014 MOD (2010), Strategic Defece ad Security Review, system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/62482/strategic-defece-security-review.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 10/10/2014 MOD (2011a), Future Reserves 2020: The Idepedet Commissio to Review the Uited Kigdom s Reserve Forces, attachmet_data/file/28394/futurereserves_2020.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 11/10/2014 MOD (2011b), Armed Forces Coveat recogised i law for first time [web aoucemet], Miistry of Defece ad Philip Hammod MP, 3 November MOD (2012a) (updated 2014), Guidace: Defece Medical Services, Miistry of Defece, accessed 14/08/2014 MOD (2012b), Guidace: Defece recovery ad persoel recovery cetres, defece-recovery-ad-persoel-recovery-cetres, Miistry of Defece, accessed 9/10/2014 MOD (2012c), Lord Ashcroft to champio military trasitio to civilia life, govermet/ews/lord-ashcroft-to-champio-military-trasitio-to-civilia-life, Miistry of Defece, accessed 21/10/

76 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext MOD (2012d), Metal health support for the UK armed forces [web page], metal-health-support-for-the-uk-armed-forces, Miistry of Defece, accessed 21/10/2014 MOD (2012e), The Armed Forces Coveat First Aual Report, uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/36615/ _af_coveat_aual _report_updated.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 9/10/2014 MOD (2012f), Support for war veteras [web page], Miistry of Defece, accessed 21/10/2014 MOD (2013a), Armed Forces Coveat Aual Report 2013, uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/266122/coveat_auual_rpt_2013.pdf, Miistry of Defece MOD (2013b), Miistry of Defece Aual Report ad Accouts , govermet/uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/222874/mod_ar13_clea.pdf, The Statioery Office MOD (2013c), Quarterly Afghaista ad Iraq Amputatio Statistics 7 October September 2013, file/280753/30-september-2013.pdf, Defece Statistics (Health), Miistry of Defece MOD (2014a), UK Armed Forces Quarterly Persoel Report 1 July 2014, govermet/uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/342818/quarterly-persoel- Report_july14_fial.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 14/08/2014 MOD (2014b), Aual Statistical Series 1 Fiace Bulleti 1.02 Iteratioal Defece 2014, DSB_Iteratioal_Defece-REPLACEMENT-O.pdf, Defece Ecoomics (Defece Expediture Aalysis), Miistry of Defece, accessed 14/08/2014 MOD (2014c), Career Trasitio Partership quarterly statistics: UK Regular Service Persoel Employmet Outcomes 2009/10 to 2013/14 Q1, uploads/attachmet_data/file/352788/ _ctp_official_statistic_0910_1314q1.pdf, Defece Statistics (Health), Miistry of Defece, accessed 7/09/2014 MOD (2014d), Top Level Messages July 2014, uploads/attachmet_data/file/330495/tlm_july2014.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 14/08/2014 MOD (2014e), Armed forces compesatio: what you eed to kow [web page], Miistry of Defece, accessed 7/09/2014 MOD (2014f), MOD Welfare Coferece [speech], Miistry of Defece ad Aa Soubry, 19 March MOD (2014g), UK Armed Forces metal health: Aual Summary & Treds Over Time, 2007/ /14, file/338212/ _aual_metal_health_report_2013_14.pdf, Defece Statistics (Health), Miistry of Defece, accessed 8/08/

77 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext MOD (2014h), Tri-Service Families Cotiuous Attitude Survey, Statistical Series 6 Other Bulleti 6.04, p.48, Table F.2.8, attachmet_data/file/341380/famcas_2014_report_fial.pdf, Defece Statistics (Web Developmet & Surveys), Miistry of Defece, accessed 10/10/2014 MSM (2013), Third Sector Case Study: Casework maagemet with military precisio, Maagemet Systems Modellig Ltd, accessed 9/10/2014 Mumford, A. (2012), Vetera Care i the Uited Kigdom ad the Sustaiability of the Military Coveat, The Political Quarterly, vol. 83, o. 4, October December Murriso, Adrew (2010), Fightig Fit: a metal health pla for serviceme ad veteras, 2, Miistry of Defece, accessed 9/10/2014 Murriso, Adrew (2011), A better deal for military amputees, publicatios/a-better-deal-for-military-amputees, Departmet of Health, accessed 20/10/2014 NAO (2007), Leavig the Services, pdf, Lodo, The Statioery Office NAO (2013), The Performace of the Miistry of Defece , 001_MOD-departmetal-overview_fial.pdf, Natioal Audit Office, accessed 20/10/2014 NAO ad MOD (2010) Treatig ijury ad illess arisig o Military Operatios, February 2010, Natioal Audit Office ad Miistry of Defece, accessed 10/10/2014 NFA (2013), Our History, [web page], The Not Forgotte Associatio, accessed 17/10/2014 NHS Choices (.d.), Rehabilitatio at Headley Court [web page], Militarymedicie/Pages/HeadleyCourt.aspx, accessed 1/11/2014 NHS Eglad (2014), Armed Forces Networks [web page], commissioig/armed-forces/armed-forces-et, accessed 14/08/2014 ONS (2009), Populatio Treds, Witer 2009, o. 138, Richmod, Office of Public Sector Iformatio Park, Aliso, Elizabeth Clery, Joh Curtice, Mirada Phillips ad David Uttig (eds) (2012), British Social Attitudes 29, NatCe, accessed 10/10/2014 Pider, R. J., Amy C. Iverse, Naveet Kapur, Simo Wessely ad Nicola T. Fear, (2012), Selfharm ad attempted suicide amog UK Armed Forces persoel: Results of a cross-sectioal survey, Iteratioal Joural of Social Psychiatry, vol. 58, pp

78 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext Prime Miister s Office ad MOD (2014), 1 millio makeover for Armed Forces Memorial ad support for Welsh veteras [olie press release], NATO Summit Wales 2014 ad Defece ad armed forces, 31 August 2014, accessed 29/10/2014 RAF (2014), DMRC Headley Court [web page], dmrcheadleycourt.cfm, Royal Air Force, accessed 1/11/2014 RAFBF (2014), Our History [web page], Royal Air Force Beevolet Fud, accessed 17/10/2014 Ridgway, Adrew (2014), Cosolidatig military charities wo t help their beeficiaries, Third Sector, 19 March Roa, Roberto J., Richard Hooper, Margaret Joes, Amy C. Iverse, Lisa Hull, Domiic Murphy, Matthew Hotopf ad Simo Wessely (2009), The cotributio of prior psychological symptoms ad combat exposure to post Iraq deploymet metal health i the UK military, Joural of Traumatic Stress, vol. 22, o. 1, pp Royal Foudatio (.d.), Ivictus Games [web page], armed-forces/ivictus-games-2014, The Royal Foudatio of the Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry, accessed 21/10/2014 Royal Foudatio (2013), aual report ad accouts for the year edig 31 December 2013, Lodo, The Royal Foudatio of the Duke ad Duchess of Cambridge ad Price Harry Sherriff, Wilso (2013), Report o the cosultatio o the healthcare eeds of ijured veteras ad their families, The Royal British Legio ad Combat Stress, accessed 10/10/2014 SSAFA (.d.), SSAFA History [web page], SSAFA Shropshire, accessed 17/10/2014 SSAFA (2013), Aual Review 2013, _LR.pdf, Soldiers, Sailors, Airme ad Families Associatio Forces Help Staford Hall Estate Redevelopmet (2012), The charitable dimesio [web page] ad The feasibility study [web page], accessed 9/10/2014 Stracha, Professor Hew, Taya Armour, Pamela Healy ad Melissa Smith (assisted by the MOD Military Coveat Team) (2010), Report of the Task Force o the Military Coveat, militarycoveattaskforcerpt.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 10/10/2014 Telegraph (2011), Sir Richard Daatt calls for military charities to work together, The Telegraph olie, 15 Jauary Towsed, M. (2008), They re back from the frot lie so why are these ex-soldiers still fightig their ow wars?, The Observer olie, 3 February, accessed 10/10/

79 Sector isight: armed forces charities UK armed forces charities i cotext TRBL (.d.), The Battle Back Cetre (Lilleshall) [web page], The Royal British Legio, accessed 1/11/2014 TRBL (2011), Legio welfare i the 2010s: a decade of chage, media/ /legiowelfare2010s.pdf, The Royal British Legio, accessed 10/10/2014 TRBL (2013), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 30 September 2013, Lodo, The Royal British Legio TRBL (2014a), Our History [web page], our-history, The Royal British Legio, accessed 9/10/2014 TRBL (2014b), All local coucils have ow siged Commuity Coveats [olie article], 18 July, The Royal British Legio, accessed 9/10/2014 TRBL (2014c), Review of veteras withi the crimial justice system, The Royal British Legio, accessed 27/10/2014 TRBL ad Combat Stress (2013), Report o the cosultatio o the healthcare eeds of ijured veteras ad their families, The Royal British Legio ad Combat Stress, accessed 10/10/2014 TRBL ad Compass Partership (2005), Profile of the Ex-Service Commuity i the UK, The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership, accessed 14/08/2014, p. 8 TRBL ad Compass Partership (2006a), Profile ad eeds of the ex-service Commuity , The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership, accessed 9/10/2014 TRBL ad Compass Partership (2014), A UK household survey of the ex-service Commuity i 2014, The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership, [forthcomig publicatio] TRBL ad Poppyscotlad (2014), The Royal British Legio ad Poppyscotlad Policy Statemet: The Veteras Trasitio Review by Lord Ashcroft, media/ /ashcrofttrasitioreview_trbl_ps_respose.pdf, The Royal British Legio ad Poppyscotlad, accessed 27/10/2014 Veteras UK (.d.), Veteras Issues [web page], faq.html, Miistry of Defece, accessed 21/10/2014 World Bak (.d.), Military expediture (% of GDP) [web page], data.worldbak.org/ idicator/ms.mil.xpnd.gd.zs/coutries, Stockholm Iteratioal Peace Research Istitute (SIPRI), Yearbook: Armamets, Disarmamet ad Iteratioal Security, accessed 9/10/2014 Wyatt, Carolie (2014), Has Britai s defece budget bee cut too much?, BBC News olie, 24 February, accessed 9/10/2014 Note: All charities aual reports ad accouts are accessible from the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (except for SSAFA s aual review which was ot uploaded oto the CCEW website at the time of writig). 61

80 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities CHAPTER THREE A overview of the UK s armed forces charities KEY OBSERVATIONS There are 1,818 armed forces charities registered with the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW). Their combied aual icome was 807 millio i Icludig charities registered i Scotlad, the armed forces charity sector comprises 2,237 registered orgaisatios with a combied aual icome of 872 millio i This icludes: charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families; kow as the armed forces commuity (1,232 i Eglad ad Wales ad 263 i Scotlad); armed forces heritage orgaisatios (222 i Eglad ad Wales ad 20 i Scotlad); cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios (364 i Eglad ad Wales ad 136 i Scotlad). Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families ca be further categorised ito five major sub-groups: welfare charities for relief-i-eed purposes; Service fuds for the promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces; armed forces associatios; braches of armed forces associatios; mixed-type charities (combiig elemets of the above groups). There are 278 armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. 3 I 2012, these charities commaded 55% of the total icome geerated by armed forces charities i Great Britai ( 479 millio). Welfare charities provide a wide rage of services to those i eed icludig housig, care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio services. I 2012, the top te welfare charities received 42% of the total icomig resources geerated by armed forces charities i Great Britai ( 367 millio). 130 welfare charities award grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes. 73 welfare charities award grats to other orgaisatios to support their work with Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. 1 A cosiderable umber of armed forces charities distribute grats to other armed forces charities resultig i some doublecoutig of icome. 2 I Norther Irelad, we have idetified at least 25 armed forces orgaisatios which have bee grated charitable tax exemptios but o detailed iformatio or fiacial accouts are publicly available to aalyse them further. 3 Detailed classificatio data is ot available for armed forces charities registered i Scotlad. 62

81 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The uiverse of armed forces charities comprises a wide rage of orgaisatios with differet objects, activities ad beeficiary groups. The followig visual guide aims to help the reader avigate the iformatio provided throughout this report (ote that some figures are rouded): forces charities registered i Great Britai 1,818 Eglad ad Wales 2,237armed 419 Scotlad 872 Wales millio total icome millio Eglad ad 65 millio Scotlad 1, millio charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families (82% of the total) 1,232 Eglad ad Wales ( 660 millio) Scotlad ( 57 millio) 242 armed forces heritage orgaisatios millio 125 (14% of the total) 222 Eglad & Wales ( 118 millio) + 20 Scotlad ( 7 millio) 500 cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios 30 millio (3% of the total) 364 Eglad ad Wales ( 29 millio) Scotlad ( 1 millio) 278 welfare charities, Eglad ad Wales oly 479 millio (55% of the total) 283 Service fuds, Eglad ad Wales oly 123 millio (14% of the total) 65 mixed-type charities, Eglad ad Wales oly 32 millio (4% of the total) 82 associatios, Eglad ad Wales oly 23 millio (3% of the total) 515 associatio braches, Eglad ad Wales oly 3 millio (0.3% of the total) 9 other, 4 Eglad ad Wales oly 0.3 millio (0.04% of the total) 136 armed forces museums 68 millio (8% of the total) 17 heritage preservatio trusts 45 millio (5% of the total) 89 other (such as memorials or historical societies) 12 millio (1% of the total) 9 umbrella bodies of the UK cadet forces 22 millio (3% of the total) 491 local or regioal cadet forces charities 8 millio (1% of the total) 205 associatio braches i Scotlad 2 millio (0.2% of the total) 58 additioal Scottish charities (uclassified) 5 55 millio (5% of the total) 4 The category Other icludes: the restricted ad edowed fuds of the Royal Air Force (RAF) Beevolet Fud (registered uder a separate charity umber with CCEW), four brach property trusts coected to The Royal British Legio (all four registered uder separate charity umbers); oe other property trust used for the beefit of ex-service persoel ad families; ad three commo ivestmet fuds coected to regimetal charities of the British Army (all three registered uder separate charity umbers). 5 Ufortuately, it has ot bee possible to coduct a detailed classificatio of these 58 Scottish charities as publicly available iformatio o may of them is ot detailed eough for these purposes. 63

82 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities 3.1 THE NUMBER OF ARMED FORCES CHARITIES IN THE UK The Directory of Social Chage s (DSC s) research has idetified a total of 1,818 armed forces charities which are registered with CCEW. 6 These charities had a combied aual icome of 807 millio i This represets 1.1% of all CCEW-registered charities ad 1.3% of their overall icome i Of these charities, 29 are also registered with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator (OSCR). This group comprises some of the biggest armed forces charities operatig i the UK, icludig SSAFA, Help for Heroes, Blid Veteras UK ad the RAF Beevolet Fud, amog others. Whilst these 29 charities oly make up 1% of all armed forces charities registered i Great Britai, they had over a quarter of the total icome i 2012 ( 226 millio). 8 Besides these, there are 419 additioal armed forces charities registered i Scotlad oly, with a aggregate aual icome of 65 millio i Figure 3.1 Number of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai 419 Armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 1,818 Armed forces charities registered i Scotlad 6 These 1,818 charities maage a total of 192 liked charities accordig to CCEW s registratio records. These liked charities are subsidiary charities that are registered uder the same registratio umber as their paret charities ad for that reaso they have ot bee couted i the totals preseted throughout this report. There are o separate accouts reported to CCEW for liked charities as the vast majority of them are cosolidated ito the accouts of the paret charity. 7 Note: A cosiderable umber of armed forces charities distribute grats to other armed forces charities resultig i some double-coutig of icome. 8 These charities submit the same accouts both to CCEW ad to OSCR. I order to avoid double-coutig, these charities have oly bee accouted for oce (allocated to Eglad ad Wales) ad are excluded from Scotlad s figures preseted throughout this report. 64

83 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.2 Icome of registered armed forces charities i Great Britai, ,745,904 Armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 807,089,533 Armed forces charities registered i Scotlad The registratio process with the Charity Commissio for Norther Irelad (CCNI) is still at a very early stage of developmet ad for that reaso it has ot bee possible to coduct a comprehesive aalysis o armed forces charities operatig i Norther Irelad. We have idetified at least 25 armed forces orgaisatios which have bee grated charitable tax exemptios but o detailed iformatio or fiacial accouts are publicly available to aalyse them further. The rest of this report excludes charities registered i Norther Irelad due to lack of data ad refers oly to charities registered i Great Britai (Eglad, Wales ad Scotlad). Across Great Britai, the armed forces charity sector comprises 2,237 registered orgaisatios with a combied aual icome of 872 millio i TYPES OF ARMED FORCES CHARITY The uiverse of armed forces charities i Great Britai ca be split ito three basic categories (see figure 3.3): charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families, kow as the armed forces commuity; armed forces heritage orgaisatios; cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios (youth movemet with strog coectios to the armed forces). 65

84 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.3 Number of armed forces charities by type 1,400 1,200 1,232 1,000 Eglad ad Wales 800 Scotlad For Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families 222 Heritage Cadets 136 Figure 3.4 Icome of armed forces charities by type, Eglad ad Wales Millios Scotlad For Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families 118 Heritage Cadets 66

85 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities 3.3 CHARITIES THAT CATER FOR THE NEEDS OF SERVICE AND EX-SERVICE PERSONNEL AND THEIR FAMILIES A total of 1,495 armed forces charities i Great Britai cater for the eeds of Service ad ex- Service persoel ad their families, icludig 1,232 charities i Eglad ad Wales ad 263 i Scotlad. These charities commaded a icome of 716 millio i 2012 (82% of the total) ad they ca be further categorised ito five major sub-groups, as show i table 3.1. Table 3.1 Mai categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Welfare charities Service fuds Objects: Relief i eed. Activities: Provisio of services ad/or grats to alleviate distress amogst persos who are i eed due to fiacial hardship, uemploymet, homelessess, ill-health, disability, old age or other persoal circumstaces. Commo activities iclude: grats to alleviate fiacial hardship; provisio of housig to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad their families; provisio of healthcare ad rehabilitatio to ijured Service or ex-service persoel; disability support; care homes for elderly ex-service persoel ad families; educatio ad employmet services for Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad families; etc. Beeficiaries: Active Service persoel ad their families, ex-service persoel ad their families, depedats of deceased Service persoel. Objects: Promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces. Activities: Provisio of facilities, services ad/or grats to improve the morale, social ad physical wellbeig of active Service persoel ad/or their immediate families. Commo activities iclude: provisio of recreatioal facilities ad services i armed forces bases; grats for sportig ad adveture traiig activities for the beefit of active Service persoel; childcare ad other services to support armed forces families livig i Service commuities; etc. Beeficiaries: Active Service persoel ad/or their immediate families. 67

86 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Mai categories of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families Associatios Local or regioal braches of paret associatios Mixed-type charities Objects: Fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Social gatherigs ad other membership activities. Beeficiaries: Members of the associatio. Note: A cosiderable proportio of associatios also take over resposibilities for welfare provisio (particularly the maagemet of beevolet fuds for relief-ieed purposes). I that sese, associatios are also welfare charities. See sectio for further details. Objects: Fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Social gatherigs ad other membership activities. Beeficiaries: Members of the brach. Note: This report oly icludes 515 associatio braches which are registered separately with CCEW as they are fiacially autoomous from their paret associatio. There are several thousad uregistered associatio braches which are ot icluded i this report. See sectio for further details. Objects: Promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces; relief i eed; fosterig esprit de corps/comradeship. Activities: Mixed-type charities combie elemets of the above categories. They may provide grats to support adveture traiig ad sports amogst active Service persoel (as Service fuds do), but they may also give beevolet grats to ex-service persoel or grats to other orgaisatios to support beevolece ad welfare provisio for those who are i eed (as welfare charities do). They may also provide grats to associatios to cotribute towards the costs of, for istace, aual reuios or remembrace evets. O top of that, may of them provide grats to armed forces museums or towards the upkeep of heritage assets. Beeficiaries: Active Service persoel ad their families, ex-service persoel ad their families, depedats of deceased Service persoel, museums, associatios ad other orgaisatios. This classificatio system has bee developed by DSC based o a comprehesive review of charitable objects ad activities for each idividual charity. A detailed aalysis of each category is preseted i sectios to The umber of charities ad aggregate icome by category are preseted i figures 3.5 ad 3.6. These figures refer to charities registered i Eglad ad Wales oly. Ufortuately, it has ot bee possible to coduct a accurate classificatio of the 263 armed forces charities registered i Scotlad that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. Publicly accessible iformatio o may of them is ot detailed eough for these purposes. However, we do kow that 205 of them are associatio braches. 68

87 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.5 Number of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 9 Associatio braches 515 Service fuds 283 Welfare charities 278 Associatios 82 Mixed-type charities 65 Other Figure 3.6 Icome of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) Associatio braches 3 Service fuds 123 Welfare charities 479 Associatios 23 Mixed-type charities 32 Other Millios 9 The category Other icludes: the restricted ad edowed fuds of the RAF Beevolet Fud (registered uder a separate charity umber with CCEW), four brach property trusts coected to The Royal British Legio (all four registered uder separate charity umbers); oe other property trust used for the beefit of ex-service persoel ad families; ad three commo ivestmet fuds coected to regimetal charities of the British Army (all three registered uder separate charity umbers). 69

88 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The largest share of icome is cocetrated i welfare charities for relief-i-eed purposes ( 479 millio), followed by Service fuds for the promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces ( 123 millio), mixed-type charities ( 32 millio), associatios ( 23 millio), ad associatio braches ( 3 millio). It is importat to ote that a cosiderable proportio of charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families are embedded i the orgaisatioal structure of the armed forces themselves. These charities are maaged by Service persoel (servig or retired) ad operate from armed forces headquarters or establishmets. Therefore, the admiistratio of these charities relies o public fudig i the form of doated facilities ad staff paid for by the Miistry of Defece (MOD). Their icome, however, is self-geerated ad ot provided by the MOD. The majority of Service fuds operate i this way. Some welfare charities ad associatios also fit ito that model. For istace, the Royal Regimet of Fusiliers Aid Society (CC o ) is a welfare charity that provides: Advice ad assistace... to servig ad past members of the Regimet ad... their widows ad depedats, by makig grats to them whe i eed ad towards educatio.... The Society is operated from our Regimetal Headquarters at HM Tower of Lodo. It is maaged by... six Maagig Trustees who are all ex-officio appoitmets. Fusiliers Aid Society (2012) Service fuds Although the largest share of sector icome is cocetrated i welfare charities ( 479 millio), it is importat to focus first o the role of Service fuds as they are a fudametal pillar of Service life regardless of a idividual s persoal circumstaces. Service fuds exist for the promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces by raisig the morale, social ad physical wellbeig of active Service persoel, as well as the morale ad social wellbeig of their immediate families. There are 283 Service fuds registered i Eglad ad Wales, with a combied aual icome of 123 millio i As would be expected, the eeds of Service persoel ad their immediate families are to a large extet met out of public fuds (from the MOD s budget). The role of Service fuds is to supplemet existig sources of public fudig with additioal o-public fuds for the beefit of Service persoel ad their families. A good example of public fuds devoted to meet the eeds of Service persoel ad their families is i housig: Service family accommodatio (SFA): The provisio of good quality livig accommodatio for service persoel ad their families is a top priority for the Miistry of Defece (MOD). This icludes the maagemet of aroud 50,000 properties, major ad mior upgrades ad maiteace service; maagig the allocatio of properties; ad coductig move i ad move out appoitmets. [...] I areas where SFA housig stock is uavailable, service families 70

89 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities may be provided with fully-serviced private reted properties, kow as substitute service family accommodatio (SSFA). MOD 2012 A example of o-public fudig i this regard ca be see i the work of the Short Term Family Accommodatio Cetre (STFAC), a registered charity that operates i Hampshire (CC o ). The charity has 41 properties available to Service families for short-term let with the ultimate goal of avoidig or alleviatig family separatio. As stated i the charity s latest accouts: Public fudig will provide some of the upkeep, but this fud exists to provide those items ot publicly fuded. I additio, the fud will make grats to fud projects which directly beefit the local Service commuity (STFAC 2013). Housig is actually just a small proportio of what Service fuds cover (sice housig is largely provided for by the MOD). As ca be see i figures 3.7 ad 3.8, a large majority of Service fuds provide supplemetary fudig ad other forms of support to Service persoel ad their families i the area of adveture traiig, sports, social ad recreatioal activities, which also attracts the lio s share of the moey ( 104 millio). I a distat secod place we fid charities that provide services ad support to Service families, 83% of which are urseries ad playgroups for the beefit of Service families as well as other childre i the local commuity. Figure 3.7 Number of Service fuds by type of support provided (Eglad ad Wales oly) Adveture traiig, sports, social ad/or recreatioal activities Educatio ad vocatioal traiig to Service persoel Religious activities ad pastoral support to Service persoel ad families 207 Services ad support to Service families Other 71

90 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.8 Icome of Service fuds by type of support provided, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 1,102,807 8,200,657 4,529,496 5,681,099 Adveture traiig, sports, social ad/or recreatioal activities Educatio ad vocatioal traiig to Service persoel Religious activities ad pastoral support to Service persoel ad families 103,649,356 Services ad support to Service families Other Amogst the group of 207 Service fuds that provide for adveture traiig, sports, ad social ad recreatioal activities there are 68 which are officers, warrat officers ad sergeats messes. These messes had a combied icome of 12 millio i Their activities focus o the provisio of accommodatio, meals ad social facilities for differet types of officer servig i the armed forces (HMRC.d.). Accordig to curret regulatios, each mess has to register separately with CCEW eve whe they operate from the same establishmet, for istace: RAF Brize Norto Officers Mess (CC o ); RAF Brize Norto Sergeats Mess (CC o ). Other fuds that provide for juior raks withi those same establishmets also eed to be registered separately, ad so we fid, for istace, the RAF Brize Norto Service Istitute Fud (CC o ). As explaied i the charity s accouts, this fud provides grats to persoel of the rak of corporal or below to assist with the costs associated with adveturous traiig or sportig activities. It also provides subsidies towards the cost of social activities orgaised by or o behalf of juior raks ad cotributes fudig towards the provisio of equipmet or facilities that will ehace the workig or social eviromet of the Juior Raks at RAF Brize Norto (RAF Brize Norto 2012) Welfare charities Welfare charities aim to relieve eed, hardship or distress amogst members ad exmembers of the armed forces ad their families whe they fid themselves i a vulerable positio due to fiacial hardship, bereavemet, uemploymet, homelessess, ill-health, disability, old age or other challegig circumstaces. 72

91 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The cocept of welfare eeds to be explaied i the cotext of the armed forces charity sector. A cosiderable umber of Service fuds that provide for sports, social ad recreatioal facilities to servig persoel ad their families are actually amed welfare fuds, ad so they are i a wider sese of the term, but we cosider that their activities are better defied by the otio of wellbeig. These charities are treated separately i this report uder the headig of Service fuds (see sectio ). Throughout this report we use the term welfare to refer to the provisio, through services or grats, of a safety et of support available to eligible idividuals who fall o hard times or fid themselves i a vulerable positio due to ay of the circumstaces described above (uemploymet, ill health ad so o). We do so i order to preserve a defiitio of welfare which fits with the rest of the UK volutary sector. This research has idetified 11 major areas of welfare support provided by armed forces charities (which are covered i this order i the chapter): Table 3.2 Type of support provided by welfare charities Service providers 1 Housig ad other accommodatio services to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad their depedats who are i eed, 10 2 Care homes for disabled ad elderly ex-service persoel ad their depedats. 3 Healthcare ad rehabilitatio services to ijured Service persoel, ad medically discharged Service ad ex-service persoel. 4 Disability support services to veteras. 5 Metal health (icludig post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) support services to Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. 6 Educatio ad traiig services to Service leavers ad ex-service persoel to help them with their trasitio ito civilia life. 7 Employmet ad career services to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad their parters. 8 Respite breaks, sportig ad recreatioal activities to idividuals with particular eeds, such as disabled ex-service persoel ad bereaved families. 9 Other advice, advocacy ad support services to Service ad ex- Service persoel ad their families whe they fid themselves i eed. Grat-makers 10 Grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes or to help with educatio ad re-traiig. 11 Grats to other orgaisatios to support welfare provisio to the armed forces commuity. 10 Note: as explaied i sectio 3.3.1, housig for active Service persoel ad their immediate families is met out of public fuds, with some additioal provisio fuded by Service fuds. 73

92 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities These are ot mutually exclusive categories ad may welfare charities operate i a umber of these areas. The Royal British Legio, for istace, provides care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio services, employmet ad career services, respite breaks ad other advice, advocacy ad support services. It also provides grats to idividuals i eed ad to other orgaisatios. Figure 3.9 Number of welfare charities by type of support provided (Eglad ad Wales) Grats to idividuals 130 Grats to other orgaisatios 73 Other advice, advocacy ad support 61 Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio Housig ad accommodatio Employmet ad career services Disability support Healthcare ad rehabilitatio Metal health (icludig PTSD) support Care homes Educatio ad traiig Overall, grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes (i.e. beevolet grats) is the most commo charitable activity amogst armed forces welfare charities Top te welfare charities The top te armed forces welfare charities provide a wide rage of services ad distribute grats to both idividuals i eed ad other orgaisatios. The majority of them operate throughout the UK; some operate overseas as well. Their combied aual icome was 367 millio i 2012 (i.e. 42% of the total icome commaded by armed forces charities i Great Britai). 74

93 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Table 3.3 Top te welfare charities (Eglad ad Wales) Icome 2012 Service provisio Grats The Royal British Legio 133 millio Care homes Healthcare ad rehabilitatio Grats to idividuals Grats to orgaisatios Employmet ad career services Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio Other advice, advocacy ad support SSAFA 50 millio Housig ad accommodatio Grats to idividuals Care homes Healthcare ad rehabilitatio Other advice, advocacy ad support Help for Heroes 41 millio Healthcare ad rehabilitatio Disability support Grats to idividuals Grats to orgaisatios Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio Other advice, advocacy ad support Forces i Mid Trust 35 millio 11 No service provisio Grats to orgaisatios 11 Note: this is a oe-off grat from the Big Lottery Fud. 75

94 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Top te welfare charities (Eglad ad Wales) Icome 2012 Service provisio Grats Blid Veteras UK 24 millio Care homes Disability support Grats to idividuals Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio Kig Edward VII s Hospital Sister Ages 20 millio Healthcare ad rehabilitatio Grats to idividuals Royal Star & Garter Homes 18 millio Care homes No grats RAF Beevolet Fud 17 millio Housig ad accommodatio Care homes Grats to idividuals Grats to orgaisatios Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio Other advice, advocacy ad support Combat Stress 16 millio Metal health (icludig PTSD) support No grats ABF The Soldiers Charity 13 millio No service provisio Grats to idividuals Grats to orgaisatios Housig ad homelessess There are 35 armed forces charities providig housig ad accommodatio to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad/or their families. Five of them are etirely focused o fightig homelessess amogst ex-service persoel. They do so by providig short-term emergecy accommodatio as well as other outreach ad support services to help those i greatest eed to rebuild their lives. The sigle largest housig provider amogst armed forces charities is Haig Housig. The charity has more tha 1,300 properties spread across 47 local authorities i the UK ad a 76

95 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities aual icome of over 9 millio for the fiacial year eded 31/03/ The majority of charities i this group, however, do ot have such a broad geographical reach. May of them are local charities that maage a small housig stock i oe or few local authorities. The largest homelessess charity is Veteras Aid, with a total icome of 1.4 millio i the fiacial year eded 30/09/ Care homes There are 14 welfare charities that provide care homes for disabled ad/or elderly ex-service persoel ad their families. Six of these charities are exclusively care home providers. A additioal eight provide care homes as part of a wider portfolio of services ad/or grats. Table 3.4 Armed forces charities that provide care homes (Eglad ad Wales) Exclusively care homes Wider portfolio of services ad/or grats Royal Star & Garter Homes The Royal British Legio Quee Alexadra Hospital Home Royal British Legio Idustries Ltd. St David s Home for Disabled Soldiers, Sailors ad Airme Royal Alfred Seafarers Society Broughto House Home for Ex-Service Persoel Royal Cambridge Home for Soldiers Widows SSAFA Blid Veteras UK British Limbless Ex-Service Me s Associatio (Blesma) Royal Naval Beevolet Trust RAF Beevolet Fud Gurkha Welfare Trust (care homes for Gurkha ex-service persoel i Nepal) The sigle largest care home provider amogst armed forces charities is the Royal Star & Garter Homes. The charity curretly maages two homes i Solihull (West Midlads) ad Surbito (Outer Lodo) ad is lookig to establish a third oe i High Wycombe (Buckighamshire). It had a aual icome of millio i the fiacial year eded 31/ 12/ Healthcare ad rehabilitatio There are 15 armed forces charities ivolved i the provisio of healthcare ad rehabilitatio. As oe would expect, this is a area domiated by public fudig ad provisio, ad the vast 12 This is a estimate based o the combied icome of The Douglas Haig Memorial Homes ( 7,201,000) ad its sister charity Haig Housig Trust ( 2,315,000). The two charities were amalgamated o 1st October

96 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities majority of charities operatig i this area work i partership or i close collaboratio with the MOD ad/or NHS services. Table 3.5 Welfare charities operatig i the area of healthcare ad rehabilitatio services (Eglad ad Wales oly) Kig Edward VII s Hospital Sister Ages St Joh ad Red Cross Defece Medical Welfare Service Royal Cetre for Defece Medicie Patiet Welfare Fud Woudcare 4 Heroes Headley Court Charity Black Stork Charity Help for Heroes ad The Royal British Legio SSAFA Provides treatmet at preferetial rates to servig ad ex- Service persoel ad their spouses. Provides practical ad emotioal support to Service persoel ad their families while they are i hospital, rehabilitatio or recovery cetres. Provides help ad assistace to armed forces patiets ad their families, i both a cliical ad a welfare capacity, while the patiet is rehabilitatig from ijuries. Supports the NHS i deliverig complex woud maagemet services to idividuals traumatically ijured durig Service ad provides educatioal traiig programmes to those carig for ijured persoel. The charity ows the site ad buildigs of the Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre at Headley Court i Surrey. The MOD is resposible for all the operatig costs, but the charity may assist from time to time with specific projects which add to the welfare of patiets. The charity was established i May 2011 to facilitate the desig, maagemet ad costructio of a ew Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre. The ew facility is expected to be ope for use i These two charities have cotributed fudig ad are ivolved i the ruig of a umber of Persoel Recovery Cetres desiged to assist wouded, ijured ad sick Service persoel to retur to duty or move successfully ito civilia life. These cetres form a major part of the Defece Recovery Capability, a iitiative led by the MOD that has received support from other armed forces charities ad orgaisatios as well. Provides healthcare ad social work services for Service persoel ad their families aroud the world to esure they ejoy the best stadards of the NHS i overseas commads. The charity also provides various commissioed services to the NHS i the UK. 78

97 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Welfare charities operatig i the area of healthcare ad rehabilitatio services (Eglad ad Wales oly) Row2Recovery Foudatio Missio Motorsport O Course Foudatio Highgroud Projects Limited Combat Services Charity (UK) Gurkha Welfare Trust The official provider of para-rowig for the armed forces, a activity used to assist ijured ad wouded persoel i their rehabilitatio. It works i partership with Help for Heroes ad i liaiso with the MOD ad other armed forces ad civilia charities. Coordiates ad provides motorsport activities to assist i the rehabilitatio of those affected by operatios. The charity has bee appoited as the Combied Services official provider of adaptive motorsport. Provides golf traiig courses ad activities to assist i the recovery of ijured Service ad ex-service persoel. The charity has strog relatioships with Defece Recovery Capability ad Persoel Recovery Uits aroud the UK. Provides a horticultural therapy service for patiets at the Defece Medical Rehabilitatio Cetre at Headley Court. The charity is raisig moey to build ad maitai Health Care Premises to assist ad support Service ad ex- Service persoel who have suffered ijuries durig their service. I the past, they have doated most of their icome to Help for Heroes. The charity s website states that, from ow, all fuds will be directed to the Health Care Premises project. Provides medical care to the Gurkha ex-service persoel commuity livig i Nepal. (Note: Nepal has o atioal health service ad access to quality medical care ca be very limited) Disability support There are 16 welfare charities providig services specifically targeted to ex-service persoel with disabilities. Some charities focus their support o those with disabilities caused by ijuries sustaied i service, but this is ot ecessarily the case. Blid Veteras UK, which is the largest disability charity i terms of icome ( 24.2 millio), supports ex-service persoel who are blid or severely visually impaired whatever the cause of such disability may be. Disability support services spa across other areas of support idetified i this research, icludig: care homes; employmet ad vocatioal traiig services; 79

98 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities adaptive sport; recreatioal activities for the disabled. Examples of disability-focused charities iclude the British Ex-Services Wheelchair Sports Associatio (BEWSA), Blesma The Limbless Veteras, Pilgrimbadits, the RAF Disabled Holiday Trust, the Poppy Factory ad Soldier O! Orgaisatio Metal health (icludig PTSD) support There are 14 armed forces charities providig treatmet ad/or other support services to those sufferig from psychological wouds resultig from their time i service, particularly those sufferig from PTSD. Combat Stress, with a icome of millio i the fiacial year eded 31/03/2013, is the highest icome charity i this category. Oce agai, metal health is a area where public fudig ad provisio is widespread throughout NHS services, but the additioal fudig, specialised services ad expertise of armed forces charities is a key cotributor to the overall ifrastructure of support available to ex-service persoel. Combat Stress, for istace, delivers itesive PTSD rehabilitatio programmes commissioed by the NHS; rus outreach services which liaise with GPs, commuity metal health teams ad other services; ad is workig closely with the Departmet of Health ad the NHS as well as the MOD to facilitate the set-up of joit cliical pathways for ex-service persoel Educatio ad traiig Educatio ad vocatioal traiig is a area where the vast majority of support provided by armed forces charities will be give i the form of advice, sigpostig ad/or fiacial assistace (grats). The grat-makig charity Walkig With The Wouded, for istace, fud[s] a rage of programmes ad courses which retrai wouded service persoel to provide the ecessary skills ad qualificatios they require to be able to fid log-term employmet, meaig they ca support themselves ad their families (Walkig With The Wouded.d.). Beevolet orgaisatios may also provide support i this area based o eed. The Rifles Beevolet Trust, for istace, states that assistace may be give where a idividual has bee idetified by a welfare agecy as requirig retraiig due to circumstaces caused by a disability or log term uemploymet (Rifles 2007) I additio, there are ie armed forces charities directly providig vocatioal traiig opportuities to Service leavers ad ex-service persoel. These traiig opportuities are idustry-specific ad targeted to those who may fid it particularly difficult to successfully move ito civilia life due to ijuries, disability or the psychological wouds of service. Some examples are the charities Military Gardeers, Wigs for Warriors ad Missio Motorsport Employmet ad career services There are 17 armed forces charities that provide employmet ad career services to Service leavers, ex-service persoel ad/or their parters. The largest oe i terms of icome is The Royal British Legio Poppy Factory Limited (with a icome of 3.54 millio i the fiacial year eded 30/09/2012). As well as providig paid employmet for disabled ex-service 80

99 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities persoel at its headquarters i Richmod, the charity assists others to fid work elsewhere, with a visio that o disabled vetera who wats to work should be out of work (Poppy Factory.d.). The secod largest charity i this group is the Regular Forces Employmet Associatio (RFEA) with 2.25 millio i the fiacial year eded 30/09/2012. RFEA states that it sources job vacacies ad opportuities for ay rak, trade ad backgroud, icludig Reservists, Early Service Leavers, the Wouded ad Depedats (RFEA.d.). Employmet support to service leavers is also a area where the MOD cotributes fudig through the Career Trasitio Partership (CTP) programme. The CTP icorporates ie regioal resettlemet programmes i the UK, oe i Germay ad oe i Nepal. Support is available from two years prior to discharge ad up util two years after discharge. Armed forces charities such as RFEA ad the Officers Associatio are ivolved i the delivery of part of the CTP portfolio Respite breaks, sportig ad recreatioal activities for idividuals ad families with particular eeds There are 39 armed forces charities providig holidays, respite breaks, sportig ad/or recreatioal activities to idividuals ad families with particular eeds, such as families ad childre of deceased Service persoel, disabled ex-service persoel ad their families, ijured troops or those who have just retured from operatioal duty ad would beefit greatly from a respite break. Some of these charities are very small i terms of icome ad rely o i-kid doatios ad voluteers. The charity Give Us Time, for istace, is a recetly established charity that takes oe-week holidays doated by owers of holiday homes ad timeshares, ad matches them with military persoel returig from Afghaista who are i eed of rest, rehabilitatio ad recoectio with their families (Give Us Time.d.). The sigle largest provider i this group is the Not Forgotte Associatio, with 1.07 millio icome i the fiacial year eded 31/03/2013 (NFA 2013). This charity provides leisure ad recreatio for the beefit of servig ad ex-service persoel who are wouded or have sustaied permaet ijuries. It does so through outigs, holidays ad the provisio of televisios ad liceces to beeficiaries who are houseboud, amog other activities Other advice, advocacy ad support There are 61 charities which provide geeral advice, advocacy ad other welfare support services to the armed forces commuity. Military Debt Help (UK), for istace, provides free ad impartial debt advice to members of the armed forces. Aother example is the Ivicta Foudatio, a relatively ew charity that provides a support ad sigpostig service to the families of ijured Service persoel Grats to idividuals There are 130 welfare charities that award grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes. These iclude charities that provide grats to idividuals as part of a wider portfolio of welfare services ad support ad charities that are exclusively beevolet grat-makers. (A 81

100 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities cosiderable umber of associatios ad mixed-type charities also provide relief-i-eed grats to idividuals: see sectios ad respectively.) SSAFA is the top charity i this group with millio paid to idividuals i eed i the year eded 31/12/2012. However, over 12 millio of these fuds was give to SSAFA by other charities to support idividual requests for assistace that were beig assessed, coordiated ad maaged by SSAFA caseworkers. Hece the vast majority of moey came from other sources ad ot directly from SSAFA. Amogst charities that are exclusively grat-makers, ABF The Soldiers Charity is the top beevolet orgaisatio with 5.27 millio awarded to idividuals i eed i the year eded 31/03/ Grats to orgaisatios There are 73 armed forces welfare charities which award grats to orgaisatios to support their work with the armed forces commuity. Agai, these iclude charities that give grats to orgaisatios as part of a wider portfolio of services ad support ad charities that disburse grats to other orgaisatios as their oly charitable activity. The Royal British Legio is the top charity i this category with 7.7 millio give to other orgaisatios i the fiacial year eded 31/09/2012. Amogst charities that award grats to other orgaisatios oly, Seafarers UK is at the top with a total grat expediture of 2.5 millio i the fiacial year eded 31/12/2012. Seafarers UK gives moey to orgaisatios ad projects that support those who have served i the Royal Navy ad the Royal Maries ad their families, ad those who have served i the Merchat Navy ad fishig fleets ad their families Armed forces associatios There are 82 associatios registered i Eglad ad Wales that are coected to the armed forces. These charities commaded a icome of 23 millio i The vast majority of registered associatios are coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army (70%), 13% are coected to the Royal Navy or specific braches of the Royal Navy, ad 6% are coected to the RAF or specific uits of the RAF. (For a detailed aalysis of corps ad regimetal charities, aval charities ad RAF charities, see sectio 3.4.) These charities are membership orgaisatios, ope to eligible Service ad ex-service persoel as well as members of their families, that exist to maitai the bods of camaraderie forged i the Service. They do so through the orgaisatio of social gatherigs, aual reuios, remembrace evets, trips ad other membership activities. However, armed forces associatios are somethig more tha mere membership orgaisatios. Historically, they have acted as a safety et for their members, pre-datig the creatio of the British welfare state i much the same way as trade uios ad livery compaies did for their ow members. 82

101 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Yet today, associatios remai key compoets i the ifrastructure of welfare support available to the armed forces commuity. I that sese, associatios are also welfare charities. Their ivolvemet i welfare provisio focuses o two mai areas of activity: provisio of advice, advocacy ad support to their members (icludig sigpostig ad coordiatio with other welfare ad beevolet charities); maagemet of their ow beevolet fuds ad distributio of grats for relief i eed to eligible idividuals (i the vast majority of cases, eligible beeficiaries do ot eed to be members of the associatio as log as they meet eligibility criteria coected to servig i the armed forces). More tha two-thirds of registered associatios may provide beevolet grats to idividuals i eed. A example of a grat-makig associatio is the Royal Army Pay Corps Regimetal Associatio. Example: The Royal Army Pay Corps Regimetal Associatio The Royal Army Pay Corps were i active service betwee the years 1878 ad 1992, ad they were resposible for admiisterig payroll ad all other fiacial matters across the British Army. Although the Corps ceased to exist whe they were amalgamated ito the Adjutat Geeral s Corps i 1992, their regimetal associatio remais to maitai esprit de corps ad group welfare amogst their ex-service persoel. I the year eded 31/12/2012, the Associatio s welfare committee met to cosider 59 applicatios for assistace ad disbursed 20,127 i beevolet grats to idividuals i eed. This represeted 28% of its total expediture for the year. The rest of the budget was spet o membership activities, icludig payig for the costs of the regimetal joural Primrose ad Blue Associatio braches Armed forces associatios usually have local ad/or regioal braches. I some istaces, braches operate autoomously from the paret orgaisatio. Hece, they register separately with CCEW ad have their ow uique charity umber. A total of 515 associatio braches are registered i Eglad ad Wales with their ow uique charity umber; 99% of these belog to three sigle-paret orgaisatios: The Parachute Regimetal Associatio (79 registered braches); The Royal Naval Associatio (154 registered braches); The Royal Air Forces Associatio (277 registered braches). 83

102 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities I additio, there are 205 associatio braches registered i Scotlad, also with their ow uique charity umber; 99% of these belog to: The Parachute Regimetal Associatio (8 registered braches); The Royal Air Forces Associatio (27 registered braches); The Royal British Legio Scotlad (167 registered braches). It is importat to ote that these 720 registered braches are oly the tip of the iceberg. There are thousads of associatio braches throughout the UK ad overseas, but the vast majority of them are uregistered ad therefore ot couted i the totals provided throughout this report. This may be due to the followig factors: charities with aual icomes below 5,000 do ot have to register with CCEW, ad may local braches are likely to operate below this threshold. Also, braches may ot be fiacially autoomous from their paret orgaisatio, meaig that they do ot have to register as separate etities Mixed-type charities Service fuds, welfare charities ad associatios (icludig paret associatios ad local or regioal braches) are the three basic types of armed forces charity that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families. However, the boudaries betwee them ca sometimes be blurry. There are 65 armed forces charities which, through the provisio of grats to idividuals ad/or other orgaisatios, cover all types of charitable objects ad activities described i previous sectios. This report refers to them as mixed-type charities. Mixed-type charities may provide grats to support adveture traiig ad sportig activities amogst active Service persoel (as Service fuds do), but they may also give beevolet grats to ex-service persoel or grats to other orgaisatios to support welfare provisio to those i eed (as welfare charities do). Mixed-type charities may also provide fiacial assistace to associatios to cotribute towards the costs of, for istace, aual reuios or commemorative evets. They may also provide grats to armed forces museums or towards the upkeep of other heritage assets. Of mixed-type charities, 86% are coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army, with a visio of supportig all aspects of corps ad regimetal life ad all members of the corps ad regimetal family (servig persoel, ex-service persoel ad depedats). I additio, 4% are coected to the Royal Navy ad 3% are coected to the RAF. A example i this category is the aval charity the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity (CC o ). This charity was established i 2007 ad it curretly categorises its grat expediture i five blocks: two are welfare expediture, ad three are Service fud expediture, as show i table

103 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Table 3.6 Types of grats awarded by the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity Welfare grats Service fud grats Beevolece: grats to aval ad other charities to support beevolece ad welfare provisio to idividuals i eed. Ameities: grats to improve quality of life for the aval servig commuity ad their families. Depedats: grats to depedats o the occasio of a death occurrig while i the Royal Navy. Sports: grats to aval sport associatios... assistig directly with promotig fitess ad efficiecy. Prizes ad awards: fudig for prizes ad awards through a allocatio of grats to shore establishmets, ships ad uits i order to improve the morale ad efficiecy of the service. RNRMC 2012 Aother example is the Royal Artillery Charitable Fud (CC o ). As explaied i the charity s aual report, grats are allocated to relieve idividual hardship as well as to ehace the collective wellbeig of the Regimet ad its idividual members by supplemetig the lack or shortfall of other fudig (RACF 2012). A further example is the Parachute Regimet Charity (CC o ) which gives grats to regimetal battalios for adveture traiig purposes ad welfare grats to servig persoel ad their families. I additio, the charity provides support to may other aspects of regimetal life which sustai its esprit de corps, icludig, for istace, cotributios towards the costs of the regimetal joural the Pegasus joural. It also cotributes towards the upkeep of regimetal heritage assets, primarily the Airbore Assault museum at IWM Duxford (PRC 2012). 3.4 WHO IS ELIGIBLE FOR SUPPORT? TRI-SERVICE, SINGLE SERVICE AND REGIMENTAL CHARITIES Charities that cater for the eeds of Service ad ex-service persoel ad their families (i.e. welfare charities, Service fuds, associatios ad mixed-type charities) ot oly differ i their objects ad activities (as explaied i sectios to 3.3.5), but also serve differet beeficiary groups. I this regard, it is importat to uderstad that the size ad structure of the armed forces charity sector does, to a large extet, mirror the size ad structure of the armed forces themselves. 85

104 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The British armed forces are curretly structured ito three Services: the Royal Navy (which icludes the Royal Maries); the British Army; the RAF. The history of the Royal Navy ad the British Army spas over several ceturies ad their moder origis ca be traced back to the sixteeth ad seveteeth ceturies respectively. The RAF was fouded i 1918, the last year of the First World War. As of 1 July 2014, the British Army made up 59% of all persoel servig i the armed forces (icludig regular forces ad full-time reservists), 21% were members of the RAF ad 20% served i the Royal Navy (Berma ad Rutherford 2014). This tri-service structure (ad its relative size i terms of persoel) is to some extet reflected i the compositio of the armed forces charity sector. Whilst 35% of all armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 13 serve the eeds of the etire armed forces commuity (kow as tri-service charities ), 43% provide support for British Army persoel (hereafter referred to as Army charities), 11% serve the eeds of Royal Navy persoel (hereafter referred to as aval charities) ad 11% provide support for RAF persoel (hereafter referred to as RAF charities). 14 Figure 3.10 Armed forces charities by beeficiary group (Eglad ad Wales oly) Tri-Service charities Army charities Naval charities 305 RAF charities 13 Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 14 Classificatio data regardig beeficiary groups is ot available for armed forces charities registered i Scotlad. 86

105 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities The lio s share of the moey is cocetrated i tri-service charities (figure 3.11), which received a combied icome of 474 millio i Army charities had 87 millio, RAF charities commaded 56 millio ad aval charities had 40 millio. Figure 3.11 Icome of armed forces charities by beeficiary group, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) 39,787,373 56,324,627 Tri-Service charities 87,367,764 Army charities 473,666,264 Naval charities RAF charities The British Army, the sigle largest Service i the armed forces i terms of persoel, is composed of corps; corps are i tur composed of regimets. These two top-level uits of orgaisatio are fudametal pillars of British Army military orgaisatio ad idetity, ad most of the ifrastructure of charitable support that is curretly i place to support the eeds of British Army persoel, ex-service persoel ad their families is orgaised at this level. Ideed, 69% of registered Army charities are corps ad regimetal charities. The Royal Navy icludes the Royal Maries ad a umber of braches icludig the Submarie Service, Quee Alexadra s Royal Naval Nursig Service, Fleet Air Arm ad Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Some of these braches have set up their ow charities. A few uits (past ad preset) of the RAF have also set up their ow charities, for istace the Pricess Mary s Royal Air Force Nursig Service Trust. 87

106 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Tri-Service charities There are 249 tri-service charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. 15 The vast majority of them are welfare charities (197). Figure 3.12 Number of tri-service charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) Welfare charities Service fuds Associatios 197 Other Mixed-type charities Tri-Service is by far the most prevalet type of orgaisatio amogst welfare charities. More tha two-thirds of armed forces welfare charities are tri-service ad their combied icome was 412 millio i 2012 (this represets 86% of all welfare charities icome). Ideed, may of the largest armed forces welfare charities are tri-service, icludig Help for Heroes, The Royal British Legio, Haig Housig, Combat Stress ad SSAFA. There are also 38 Service fuds which are tri-service. Some of the largest Service fuds belog to this category; for istace, the Services Soud ad Visio Corporatio (with a icome of 34 millio i the fiacial year eded 31/03/2013) ad the Uio Jack Club ( 7 millio icome i the year eded 31/12/2012). I fact, these 38 charities aloe received 50% of all Service fuds icome i Oly eight registered associatios are tri-service 17 ad their combied aual icome was 234,000 i 2012 (this represets oly 1% of armed forces associatios total icome). These tri-service associatios are very small charities with a membership base either coected to: service i a specific military campaig (such as the South Atlatic Medal Associatio 1982); 15 Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 16 The category Other icludes: four brach property trusts coected to The Royal British Legio (all four registered uder separate charity umbers) ad oe other property trust used for the beefit of ex-service persoel ad families. 17 Note: The Royal British Legio also rus a associatio whose membership is ope to the etire armed forces commuity ad to aybody else who wishes to show their support to the cause. However, as most of its 140 millio expediture is welfare spedig, throughout this research this charity is cosidered a welfare charity, ot a associatio. 88

107 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities residece i a local commuity (such as the Bridged ad Couty Borough Veteras Associatio); coutry of origi (such as the West Idia Associatio of Service Persoel) Army charities (icludig corps ad regimetal charities) There are 305 Army charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 18 with a total icome of 87 millio i Close to 70% are corps ad regimetal charities ad 20% are coected to British Army garrisos ad establishmets. Examples of the latter iclude: Aldershot Garriso Pre-School Settigs (CC o ), a Service fud that provides day care ad early-years educatio for childre of Service persoel based i Aldershot; Arborfield Associatio (CC o ), ope to those who atteded the Arborfield Army Appreticeship establishmet durig the years 1939 to Figure 3.13 Number of Army charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) Other Army establishmets Army corps ad regimets 80 Army-wide Service fuds Mixed-type charities Associatios Welfare charities Other There are 14 charities that act as a resource or umbrella bodies for the etire British Army commuity regardless of regimetal affiliatio or duty statio (3 are welfare charities ad 11 are Service fuds). Their combied icome was 24 millio i Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 19 The category Other icludes three commo ivestmet fuds coected to regimetal charities of the Army (all three registered uder separate charity umbers). 89

108 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Table 3.7 British Army-wide charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) Welfare charities Service fuds ABF The Soldiers Charity (formerly the Army Beevolet Fud) Army Cetral Fud Army Sports Cotrol Board Army Depedats Trust Army Rugby Uio Trust Army Widows Associatio Team Army Sports Foudatio Army Witer Sports Foudatio Army Football Federatio Army Sailig Associatio Army Parachute Associatio Army Rifle Associatio Army Roma Catholic Trust Army Families Federatio Figure 3.14 Icome of Army charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) Other Army establishmets Army corps ad regimets Millios Army-wide Welfare charities Service fuds Mixed-type charities Associatios Other 90

109 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities There are 211 Army charities which are coected to specific corps ad regimets of the British Army. 20 Their combied aual icome was 48 millio i Corps ad regimetal charities spa across the etire spectrum of charitable support icludig welfare charities (primarily i the form of beevolet fuds providig grats to relieve cases of eed amogst members of the corps or regimetal family), associatios that exist to maitai the bods of camaraderie forged i service, Service fuds ad mixed-type charities. 21 The majority of corps ad regimetal charities are coected to regimets of the Ifatry, Household Cavalry ad Royal Armoured Corps. Figure 3.15 Distributio of corps ad regimetal charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) 74 Ifatry regimets 98 Household Cavalry ad Royal Armoured Corps regimets Other corps ad regimets 39 The creatio of the first British Army regimets dates back to the seveteeth cetury but the umber, size ad shape of corps ad regimetal structures have kept evolvig throughout history up to the preset day through umerous reorgaisatios, amalgamatios ad reamigs. Corps ad regimets have bee created, merged ad dissolved as strategic eed (ad budgetary ecessity) have dictated. The oldest regimet i cotiuous service is the Ifatry regimet kow as the Coldstream Guards, formed i 1650 as part of the New Model Army durig the Eglish Civil War. Amogst the ewest is The Rifles, also a ifatry regimet that was created i 2007 through the amalgamatio of four atecedet regimets: the Light Ifatry; the Devoshire ad Dorset Light Ifatry; 20 Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 21 There are also corps ad regimetal museums. See sectio 3.5 for further details. 91

110 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire ad Wiltshire Light Ifatry; the Royal Gree Jackets. The evolvig shape of corps ad regimetal structures is relevat to this research i that corps ad regimetal charities do evolve i a similar fashio. For istace, whe The Rifles was created i 2007, so was the Rifles Regimetal Trust (a mixed-type charity: see sectio for further details o mixed-type charities), ad the Rifles Beevolet Trust (welfare charity for relief-i-eed purposes). However, whe a regimet is amalgamated or disbaded, the charities that were set up to support its members do ot ecessarily disappear. Some remai to preserve regimetal idetities through associatioal activities ad to provide care ad welfare support to ex-service persoel ad families. Some of them review the remit of their charitable activities whe their regimet ceases to exist ad others build coectios with the successor regimet. This is the case, for istace, for the Regimetal Associatio of the Rifles ad the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire ad Wiltshire Regimet (CC o ), which origiated as the Regimetal Associatio of the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire ad Wiltshire Regimet before The Rifles came ito beig. It ow provides beevolet support to ex-service persoel of the old regimet ad to The Rifles as well, focusig its activities o the geographical areas associated to the former regimet, icludig Bristol, Gloucestershire, Berkshire ad Wiltshire Naval charities There are 82 aval charities registered i Eglad ad Wales 22 icome of 40 millio i with a combied aual Of these charities, 19 cater for the eeds of the etire Royal Navy commuity regardless of brach or duty statio. Their combied aual icome was 23 millio i The largest charity i this group is the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity with a icome of 7 millio i the year eded 31/12/2012. It is importat to ote that the eligibility criteria of a umber of aval charities is wider tha the requiremet of havig served i the Royal Navy (icludig Royal Maries) as they also support seafarers of the Merchat Navy ad eve fishig fleets. Although merchat seame ad fisherme are ot armed forces persoel; i the past, may of them have served i support of the UK armed forces i evets such as the Secod World War or the Falklads campaig. Examples of aval charities that cater for this wider maritime commuity iclude Seafarers UK, the Sailors Childre s Society ad the Royal Alfred Seafarers Society, amog others. There are 14 charities which serve the eeds of a particular brach withi the Royal Navy, icludig Royal Maries charities, as well as charities coected to braches of the Royal Navy such as the Fleet Air Arm, Submarie Service, Quee Alexadra s Royal Naval Nursig Service, Royal Fleet Auxiliary ad the disbaded Wome s Royal Naval Service (kow as Wres). Collectively, these 14 charities commaded a icome of 7 millio i The largest charity i this group is the Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud with a icome of 3 millio i the year eded 31/12/ Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 92

111 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.16 Number of aval charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) 60 Other Naval establishmet Naval Service brach Naval Service-wide Service fuds Welfare charities Associatios Mixed-type charities Figure 3.17 Icome of aval charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) Other Naval establishmet 12 Naval Service brach Millios Naval Service-wide Welfare charities 1 Service fuds Mixed-type charities 0.8 Associatios 93

112 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities There are also 46 charities coected to a aval base or establishmet. Their combied icome was 10 millio i Examples iclude: The Britaia Associatio (CC o ), ope to all those who are attedig or atteded the Britaia Royal Naval College for Royal Naval officers; The Cetral Fud HMS Raleigh (CC o ), a Service fud that provides for sportig ad leisure activities to persoel based at HMS Raleigh RAF charities There are 81 RAF charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. 23 Their combied aual icome was 56 millio i Figure 3.18 Number of RAF charities by type (Eglad ad Wales oly) Other RAF establishmet RAF Uits 30 RAF-wide Service fuds Welfare charities Associatios Mixed-type charities Other Of these charities, 21 cater for the eeds of the etire RAF commuity ad their collective icome was 43 millio i The largest orgaisatio i this group is the RAF Beevolet Fud with a icome of 17 millio i the year eded 31/12/2012. There are also 51 charities coected to a RAF statio or establishmet. These charities had a combied icome of 9 millio i Examples iclude: The Royal Air Force Halto Appretices Associatio (Old Haltoias); The Service Istitute Fud RAF Beso. 23 Excludig heritage orgaisatios, cadet forces charities ad registered braches of associatios. 24 The category Other icludes the restricted ad edowed fuds of the RAF Beevolet Fud (registered uder a separate charity umber with CCEW). This charity had o icome i

113 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities There are six RAF charities that are coected to specific uits (past ad preset) of the RAF, for istace the 617 Squadro Aircrew Associatio ad the Pricess Mary s Royal Air Force Nursig Service Trust. Their combied icome i 2012 was 5 millio. Figure 3.19 Icome of RAF charities by type, 2012 (Eglad ad Wales oly) Other RAF establishmet RAF Uits Millios RAF-wide Service fuds Welfare charities Associatios Mixed-type charities 3.5 ARMED FORCES HERITAGE ORGANISATIONS The armed forces heritage charity sector comprises 242 registered charities across Great Britai (222 i Eglad ad Wales ad 20 i Scotlad). Their combied aual icome was 125 millio i Over half of these charities are armed forces museums. The rest icludes public memorials, historical societies to promote research ad educatio i differet aspects of the history of the UK s armed forces, museum frieds societies, armed forces heritage preservatio trusts, armed forces chapels ad umbrella bodies providig support ad fudig to other armed forces heritage orgaisatios. 95

114 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.20 Armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai by type Museums 136 Memorials 32 Historical societies 24 Museum frieds' societies 19 Heritage preservatio trusts 17 Chapels 10 Umbrella bodies Most of the icome is cocetrated i museums ( 68 millio) ad heritage preservatio trusts ( 45 millio): Figure 3.21 Icome of armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai by type, 2012 Museums 68 Memorials 6 Historical societies 0.6 Museum frieds' societies 0.4 Heritage preservatio trusts 45 Chapels 0.8 Umbrella bodies Millios 96

115 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Over two-thirds of museums are coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army: Figure 3.22 Armed forces museums by type 18 Corps ad regimetal museums Other Army museums Naval museums 97 Royal Air Force museums Other The top five armed forces heritage orgaisatios by icome are preseted i Table 3.8: Table 3.8 Top five armed forces heritage orgaisatios Icome 2012 HMS Victory Preservatio Compay 34,486, Natioal Museum of the Royal Navy 15,327,683 Royal Air Force Museum 12,177,791 Natioal Army Museum 7,315,713 Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust 5,807, This is a ewly registered charity that was established to preserve, restore ad maitai the Royal Navy s flagship HMS Victory. The owership of the ship was trasferred to the charity i 2012 ad the vast majority icomig resources for the year related to the value of the ship as well as other trasferred assets. 97

116 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities 3.6 CADET FORCES UNITS AND ORGANISATIONS The sub-sector of cadet forces uits ad orgaisatios is made up of 500 registered charities: 364 i Eglad ad Wales ad 136 i Scotlad. Their combied aual icome was 30 millio i 2012, which represets oly 3.5% of total icomig resources geerated by armed forces charities i Great Britai. Nie of these charities are resource or umbrella bodies coected to the various UK cadet forces. The majority of these umbrella bodies operate at a atioal or UK-wide level ad collectively they commaded a icome of 22 millio i Table 3.9 Resource or umbrella bodies coected to UK Cadet Forces Icome 2012 Marie Society ad Sea Cadets 14,421,000 Army Cadet Force Associatio 6,204,709 Air Traiig Corps Geeral Purposes Fud 1,537,813 Girls Veture Corps Air Cadets 69,563 Combied Cadet Force Associatio 39,660 Sea Cadet Associatio I Scotlad 10,637 Navy Traiig Corps 4,943 Sea Cadet Associatio 0 26 Marie Cadet Corps /a 27 The remaiig registered cadet charities are local or regioal orgaisatios: 350 are local or regioal charities coected to the Sea Cadets; 102 are local or regioal charities coected to the Air Traiig Corps; 25 are local or regioal charities coected to the Army Cadet Force; 14 are other local or regioal cadet charities such as, for istace, the Yorkshire Cadet Trust which supports Sea, Army ad Air cadet detachmets i Yorkshire ad Humberside. 26 The charity acts as the custodia to various properties owed by Sea Cadet uits. All activities of the Sea Cadet Associatio were trasferred to the Marie Society ad Sea Cadets i No fiacial accouts for 2012 have yet bee submitted to the Charity Commissio (documets overdue). 98

117 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities Figure 3.23 Cadet forces charities registered i Great Britai by type Umbrella bodies of the UK's cadet forces 102 Local or regioal charities of the Sea Cadets Local or regioal charities of the Air Traiig Corps 350 Local or regioal charities of the Army Cadet Force Other local or regioal cadet charities Figure 3.24 Icome of cadet forces charities registered i Great Britai by type, , , ,306 Umbrella bodies of the UK's cadet forces 6,698,963 Local or regioal charities of the Sea Cadets Local or regioal charities of the Air Traiig Corps 22,288,325 Local or regioal charities of the Army Cadet Force Other local or regioal cadet charities 99

118 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities 3.7 THE IMPACT OF CHARITY REGISTRATION THRESHOLDS ON THE UK S ARMED FORCES CHARITIES LANDSCAPE It is importat to ote that this research focuses exclusively o registered armed forces charities. This icludes charities that are registered with CCEW ad those registered with OSCR. The registratio process with CCNI is still at very early stages of developmet ad for that reaso it has ot bee possible to idetify ad iclude armed forces charities operatig i Norther Irelad. Up util 2006, Service fuds that existed wholly or maily for the promotio of the efficiecy of the armed forces were exempted from registratio with CCEW. From that year o, they had to register if: their aual icome was over 100,000; they owed lad; they beefited people who were ot servig members of the armed forces; or their objects icluded the exhibitio or preservatio of articles of historic iterest. It has bee estimated that there are several thousad uregistered Service fuds operatig below the 100,000 threshold (Greville 2013). The vast majority of them are likely to be relatively small fuds coected to armed forces bases. The goverace of these fuds, both registered ad uregistered, is likely to be highly coordiated as they are usually supervised by the same trustees. 28 The accouts of the RAF Waddigto Services Istitute Fud (2012), for istace, state that: As Trustee of all Service Fuds at RAF Waddigto, the Statio Commader... has resposibility for 2... registered charities amely the RAF Waddigto WO & SNCOs Mess ad the RAF Waddigto Officers Mess. He is also a trustee for a umber of other uregistered sport/society/welfare fuds... which are excepted charities uder Statutory Istrumet 1056/65. For all other charities, the registratio threshold is set at 5,000 of aual icome. Uregistered charities operatig below this threshold may iclude small local orgaisatios, associatio braches ad orgaisatios which rely etirely o voluteers. The aval charity Greewich Hospital, with a total icome of millio i the fiacial year eded 31/03/2013, is a uique case. As it is a uregistered charity it does ot fall withi the scope of this research. As explaied o the charity s website: Greewich Hospital is a aciet Crow charity providig charitable support icludig auities, sheltered housig ad educatio, to servig ad retired persoel of the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries ad their depedats I accordace with Quee s Regulatio for the British Army, Commadig officers, icludig the commadig officers of idepedet sub uits, are resposible for the proper applicatio of all the Service (o public) fuds of their uits ad for the cotrol ad supervisio of committees formed for the maagemet of such fuds (MOD 1976). 100

119 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities As a uique Crow body, we are govered... by the Greewich Hospital Acts 1865 to We do ot fall uder the requiremets of the Charities Acts of 1992 or 2006, or the jurisdictio of Charity Commissioers, but we do try to follow the best practices i the charity sector while meetig the requiremets of our ow Acts. Greewich Hospital 2013 However, the grats distributed by Greewich Hospital to support the work of other aval charities are admiistered by a registered charity: the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity. Therefore, a small proportio of Greewich Hospital s charitable spedig (13% approximately) is captured i this research as it is accouted for by a registered charity. 3.8 REFERENCES Berma, Gavi ad Tom Rutherford (2014), Defece persoel statistics, Lodo, House of Commos Library Fusiliers Aid Society (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Lodo, The Royal Regimet of Fusiliers Aid Society Give Us Time (.d.), About [web page], accessed 20/10/2014 Greewich Hospital (2013), Welcome ad Greewich Hospital History [web pages], accessed 20/10/2014 Greville, Harvey (2013), The Armed Forces Charity Sector, Peat: The Joural of The Forces Pesio Society, May editio HMRC (.d.), VBNB60860 Clubs ad associatios: geeral iformatio about service messes ad service fuds for juior raks [web page], vbbmaual/vbb60860.htm, HM Reveue & Customs, accessed 12/09/2014 MOD (1976), The Quee s Regulatios for the Army 1975, Lodo, The Statioery Office MOD (2012), Service family accommodatio (SFA) [web page], Miistry of Defece, accessed 29/08/2014 Poppy Factory (.d.), Our Visio [web page], The Poppy Factory, accessed 20/10/2014 PRC (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Lodo, The Parachute Regimet Charity RACF (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 28 February 2013, Larkhill, Royal Artillery Charitable Fud RAF Brize Norto (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 October 2012, Carterto, Royal Air Force Brize Norto Service Istitute Fuds 101

120 Sector isight: armed forces charities A overview of the UK s armed forces charities RAF Waddigto Services Istitute Fud (2012), aual report ad accouts year eded 31 May 2012, Licol, Royal Air Force Waddigto Services Istitute Fud RFEA (.d.), RFEA The Forces Employmet Charity [home page], Regular Forces Employmet Associatio, accessed 20/10/2014 Rifles (2007), Beevolece Guidelies for RHQ, City ad Couty Offices, Wichester, RHQ The Rifles RNRMC (2012), aual report ad accouts year eded 31 December 2012, Portsmouth, The Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity STFAC (2013), aual report ad accouts year eded 28 February 2013, Gosport, Short Term Family Accommodatio Cetre Walkig With The Wouded (.d.), Takig Steps for a Better Future: Charity Iformatio Pack, walkigwiththewouded.org.uk/southpole2013/files/2013/02/ WWTW_INFO_PACK.pdf, accessed 13/10/2014 Note: All aual reports ad accouts are accessible from the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales. 102

121 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities CHAPTER FOUR A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities KEY OBSERVATIONS I 2012, the 2,237 armed forces charities registered i Great Britai geerated icomig resources worth 872 millio ad spet a total of 752 millio. Welfare charities commaded a icome of 479 millio (55% of the sector total) ad spet 424 millio. Of all welfare charities icome, 86% was cocetrated i the largest 15 orgaisatios. Overall, welfare charities retaied 55 millio for future use, but this is mostly explaied by forward commitmets of three particular orgaisatios ad ot idicative of a operatig surplus across the board. Welfare charities are typically active fudraisig charities, whereas Service fuds ad other types of armed forces charities are ot. I 2012, armed forces welfare charities raised 4.37 for every poud spet o fudraisig ad publicity. This compares to a average of 4.86 for the whole of the UK volutary sector. 81% of welfare charities expediture was charitable spedig. Three-quarters of charitable spedig wet to cover the costs of direct service provisio (housig, care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio ad so o); 18% was spet o grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes; ad 7% was spet o grats to other orgaisatios. The top 45 armed forces welfare charities had total et assets worth 1.22 billio at the ed of millio was held i free reserves. This level of free reserves equates to 10.9 moths of expediture, which compares to a average of 15.4 moths expediture for the whole of the UK volutary sector. The total icome of armed forces welfare charities icreased by 14% i real terms betwee 2008 ad However, the icome of well-established charities fell by 6% i 2012 compared with the previous year ad oly through the icome cotributed by ewly registered charities the armed forces welfare charity sector cotiued to grow. 103

122 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Excludig the charity Help for Heroes (a uique case that strogly affects the overall picture), welfare expediture rose cotiuously i cash terms betwee 2008 ad I real terms, expediture reached its peak i 2011 ad decreased slightly i The total et assets of the top 45 armed forces welfare charities icreased by 26% i real terms betwee 2008 ad AN OVERVIEW OF THE ARMED FORCES CHARITY SECTOR Top-lie figures I 2012, the 2,237 armed forces charities registered i Great Britai geerated a combied icome of 872 millio ad spet a total of 752 millio. 1 Overall, the sector retaied 120 millio of its icomig resources for future use, but this is maily explaied by the special circumstaces of a few charities durig the period covered i this report ad ot idicative of a operatig surplus across the board (further details o these charities will be preseted throughout this chapter). The fiacial resources of the armed forces charity sector are highly cocetrated i a relatively small umber of orgaisatios. I 2012, the top 122 armed forces charities (all of which had icomes of over 500,000) commaded 84% of total sector icome. The top 45 welfare charities commaded 53% of total sector icome. At the ed of 2012, the top 122 armed forces charities had total et assets worth 2.14 billio. Of these, 1.22 billio was held by the top 45 welfare charities The key differeces betwee armed forces charities As explaied i Chapter 3, the uiverse of armed forces charities comprises a very diverse rage of orgaisatios. This diversity eeds to be take ito accout whe lookig ito the fiaces of armed forces charities Welfare charities The typical welfare charity actively seeks to raise moey such as doatios from the geeral public, corporate sposorships, grat fudig from other orgaisatios ad so o. Some welfare charities are primarily service providers (such as care homes or housig providers) ad a cosiderable share of their icome derives from fees, rets or other charges paid by beeficiaries themselves or third parties o their behalf (such as local authorities ad the NHS). However, may of these service providers actively seek to raise as much additioal fudig as possible from other sources such as doatios from the geeral public or grats from other orgaisatios. Therefore, they are also fudraisig charities. 1 It is importat to ote that a cosiderable umber of armed forces charities award grats to other armed forces charities, resultig i some double-coutig of icome ad expediture. The top 45 welfare charities aloe, which commad over 50% of total sector icome, spet 22 millio i grats to other orgaisatios i 2012 ad at least half of this expediture was awarded to other armed forces charities (the exact figure is difficult to estimate as charities accouts rarely provide a comprehesive list of grat recipiets ad correspodig amouts). I additio, SSAFA distributed over 12 millio i beevolet grats for relief-i-eed purposes to idividuals i eed from fuds received by other armed forces charities. Hece, we estimate that at least 23 millio of total icomig resources was double-couted i

123 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Service fuds The typical Service fud, by cotrast, is ot a fudraisig charity. Service fuds may receive grats ad other volutary icome but, i geeral, they do ot actively egage i fudraisig efforts. Their icome derives to a large extet from their charitable activities, such as charges for the services provided or membership subscriptios paid by beeficiaries. The largest Service fud is the Services Soud ad Visio Corporatio (kow as BFBS) which delivers etertaimet ad broadcastig services uder cotract with the Miistry of Defece (MOD). A few Service fuds rely etirely o ivestmet icome, such as the Army Cetral Fud or the Nuffield Trust for the Forces of the Crow. There are a few exceptios to the rule, however. The Royal Air Force (RAF) Sports Board, for istace, rus the RAF Sports Lottery to raise fuds. Similarly, the Army Sport Cotrol Board Charitable Fud rus the Army Sports Lottery Associatios The typical armed forces associatio relies o membership subscriptios ad does ot actively fudraise. It may also receive grats from other armed forces charities to subsidise the costs of remembrace evets, aual reuios ad other membership activities. However, a few of the largest armed forces associatios are ot typical i this regard, as they are also welfare charities actively seekig to raise fuds from the geeral public. The Royal Air Forces Associatio (RAFA), for istace, operates three care homes, two sheltered housig complexes ad other welfare services i close cooperatio ad with fiacial support from the RAF Beevolet Fud. RAFA raises moey every year through the aual Wigs Appeal ad other fudraisig edeavours to cotribute towards the costs of its welfare activities. Also, some corps ad regimetal associatios are i charge of maagig their ow corps ad regimetal beevolet fuds. These fuds rely o regular icome raised through payrollgivig cotributios from servig persoel ad do ot geerally egage i further fudraisig efforts (see Chapter 6 for further details) Mixed-type charities As explaied i Chapter 3, sectio 3.3.5, mixed-type charities are maily grat-makig bodies which provide a itegral package of support to the armed forces commuity, icludig: grats to promote the efficiecy of the armed forces (ameities, sports ad so o); welfare ad beevolet grats for relief-i-eed purposes; grats to support associatioal activities; ad grats to support the upkeep of armed forces museums ad other heritage assets. Of mixed-type charities, 86% are coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army with a visio of supportig all aspects of corps ad regimetal life ad all members of the corps ad regimetal family (servig ad ex-service persoel ad their depedats). I the past, these charities did ot actively seek to raise fuds from the geeral public as they traditioally relied ad to a large extet still do o regular sources of volutary icome raised via payroll-givig schemes such as the Army s Day s Pay Scheme to which the vast majority of servig officers ad soldiers subscribe. 105

124 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities However, some of the largest charities i this group have started to move towards more active fudraisig strategies i the last few years. This shift has bee drive by two mai factors: the aticipated reductio i the size of the armed forces (meaig that payroll cotributios from servig persoel will dimiish as well) ad the eed to raise sufficiet fuds to be able to provide for ex-service persoel who have bee affected by recet coflicts i Iraq ad Afghaista. 4.2 WELFARE CHARITIES Total icome ad expediture I 2012, armed forces welfare charities geerated a icome of 479 millio ad spet a total of 424 millio. This meas that, overall, welfare charities retaied 55 millio for future use (11% of their total icomig resources). 2 This combied surplus, however, is ot idicative of the fiacial performace of the vast majority of charities as it is strogly affected by the special circumstaces of three sigle orgaisatios: Help for Heroes ( 27 millio retaied for future use), the Forces i Mid Trust (FiMT) ( 34 millio retaied for future use), ad the Royal Star & Garter Homes ( 6 millio retaied for future use). Further details o these charities ca be foud i table 4.1. Table 4.1 Icome retaied for future use: the case of Help for Heroes, FiMT ad Royal Star & Garter Homes Help for Heroes Help for Heroes (CC o ) is i the process of trasitioig from beig exclusively a grat-makig charity to also deliverig services through a etwork of Persoel Recovery Cetres that provide specialist treatmet ad comprehesive support to those who have suffered from life-chagig ijuries or illesses as a result of their service. This iitiative forms part of the Defece Recovery Capability, a partership betwee the MOD, Help for Heroes ad The Royal British Legio. I the fiacial year eded 30/09/2012, the Persoel Recovery Cetres led by Help for Heroes were at various stages of developmet, ad rig-feced fuds were retaied i respect of future capital ad ruig costs. As stated i the charity s accouts: The commitmet to ru the Recovery Cetres through log term leases creates a ecessity for the Trustees to esure that there are sufficiet fuds available to meet the ruig costs of these Cetres. As at 30 September 2012 the Trustees have desigated 33.2 millio of fuds for this purpose (H4H 2012). 2 This is the combied icome ad expediture of 224 welfare charities for which data is available (80% of all welfare charities). There is o data available for 55 welfare charities (45 ewly registered ad te with documets overdue). 106

125 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Icome retaied for future use: the case of Help for Heroes, FiMT ad Royal Star & Garter Homes Forces i Mid Trust Royal Star & Garter Homes FiMT (CC o ) became a registered charity i Jauary 2012 after receivig a 35 millio expedable edowmet from the Big Lottery Fud. The moey is to be used over a 20-year period to support the successful trasitio of ex-service persoel ad their families ito civilia life. I its first year of operatios (fiacial year eded 30/11/2012), the ew charity spet 1 millio ad retaied 34 millio for future use. As stated i the charity s accouts: Forces i Mid Trust will commissio idepedet research ad work i partership with the Armed Forces, the Miistry of Defece, the NHS ad military ad civilia charities i order to brig coherece ad cohesio where required to the provisio of services ad support to ex-service me ad wome ad their families to eable them to make a successful trasitio to civilia life (FiMT 2012). The Royal Star & Garter Homes (CC o ) curretly maages two care homes for ex-service persoel ad their families i West Midlads ad Greater Lodo ad it is lookig to establish a third oe i Buckighamshire. I the fiacial year eded 31/12/2012, the charity retaied a surplus of 6 millio i two desigated fuds: oe for the costructio of the ew home ad oe for the refurbishmet of the charity s homes i future periods (RSGH 2012). The combied fiacial resources of armed forces welfare charities are highly cocetrated i the 15 largest orgaisatios; all of which had icomes of over 5 millio i Those 15 charities aloe commaded 86% of all welfare charities icome ( 410 millio) ad paid out 85% of all welfare charities expediture ( 361 millio). The sigle largest welfare charity is The Royal British Legio. I 2012, The Legio received over a quarter of all welfare charities icome ( 133 millio) ad paid out 33% of all welfare charities expediture ( 141 millio). 107

126 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.1 Welfare charities by icome bad, 2012 Over 5 millio 6.70% 85.65% 85.16% 500,000 to 5 millio 13.39% 11.56% 12.18% 100,000 to 500, % 1.93% 19.64% No. charities Icome 10,000 to 100, % 0.65% 33.48% Expediture 0 to 10, % 0.08% 26.79% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Types of icome ad expediture Please ote that detailed fiacial iformatio is oly available from CCEW for the top 45 welfare charities (with icomes greater tha 500,000 i 2012). These charities received 97% of total welfare icome i Sectios to 4.2.5, uless otherwise stated, refer to the top 45 welfare charities oly. Volutary icome was the mai type of icome amogst welfare charities i 2012 (54%), followed by icome from charitable activities (28%), fudraisig tradig icome (11%), ivestmet icome (5%) ad other icome (2%) (see figure 4.2). Of welfare charities total expediture, 81% was charitable spedig, followed by the costs of geeratig volutary icome (12%), fudraisig tradig costs (5%), goverace costs (1%), ivestmet maagemet costs (0.8%) ad other resources expeded (0.3%) (see figure 4.3). Beevolet grats awarded to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes made up 18% of total charitable spedig ( 62 millio) (see figure 4.4); 7% was spet i grats to other charities ad istitutios ( 22 millio). Three-quarters of charitable spedig wet to meet the costs of direct service provisio ad other support costs allocated to charitable activities ( 250 millio). 108

127 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.2 Top 45 welfare charities icome by type 1.84% 5.16% Volutary icome 28.37% 10.70% 53.92% Fudraisig tradig icome Icome from charitable activities Ivestmet icome Other icome Figure 4.3 Top 45 welfare charities expediture by type 1.18% 0.28% 11.63% 5.09% 0.84% Costs of geeratig volutary icome Fudraisig tradig costs Ivestmet maagemet costs Costs of charitable activities 80.99% Goverace costs Other resources expeded 109

128 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.4 Top 45 welfare charities charitable spedig by type of charitable activity 61,774,687 Grats to idividuals (Relief i eed) 22,269,692 Grats to other orgaisatios 249,949,219 Service provisio ad other costs of charitable activities It is importat to bear i mid that beevolet grats, where grats are made to idividuals to relieve cases of eed, hardship or distress, are the most commo form of charitable activity amog the 278 armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales (see chapters 3 ad 6 for further details). However, three-quarters of welfare charitable spedig goes to meet the costs of direct service provisio, icludig housig, care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio, amog others. Sice 97% of total welfare expediture is paid out by the top 45 armed forces welfare charities, we ca be cofidet that the distributio of expediture show i figure 4.4. is represetative of the whole armed forces welfare charity sector How much does it cost to raise fuds? I 2012, armed forces welfare charities spet 67 millio i fudraisig ad publicity ad raised 301 millio. This meas that, for every poud spet o fudraisig ad publicity, they raised This compares to a average of 4.86 raised for every 1 spet by the UK volutary sector as a whole. 3 However, it is importat to bear i mid that these are average ratios coverig a hugely diverse rage of charities with differet fudraisig strategies ad operatig models. They do ot ecessarily reflect the experiece of a typical charity. Fudraisig ad publicity costs iclude the costs of geeratig volutary icome (such as advertisig ad marketig costs or moey spet o biddig for grat fudig) as well as fudraisig tradig costs (i.e. the costs of commercial activities udertake to raise fuds for the charity, directly or through tradig subsidiaries). Moey raised icludes volutary icome as well as icome geerated from fudraisig tradig activities. 3 The average ratio for the UK volutary sector is a estimate for the year 2011/12 calculated with data from the NCVO (Natioal Coucil for Volutary Orgaisatios) UK Civil Society Almaac Data for 2012/13 was ot available at the time of writig. 110

129 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Assets The top 45 armed forces welfare charities held total et assets worth 1.22 billio at the ed of This represets 0.9% of the combied et assets of all charities registered with the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW) at the ed of that same period. Total fixed assets stood at a value of 1.2 billio. Curret assets amouted to 222 millio (see figure 4.5). Of total fixed assets (see figure 4.6), 760 millio was held as fixed ivestmet assets, i.e. fuds, property ad other assets held for the log term to geerate icome or gais for the charity. 415 millio was tagible fixed assets, for istace properties owed by the charity ad ot used for ivestmet purposes. 26 millio was programme-related ivestmets ad loas to beeficiaries. Figure 4.5 Top 45 welfare charities asset base 1,400 1,201 1,200 1,000 Of total curret assets (see figure 4.7), 131 millio was held i cash. 41 millio was curret ivestmet assets, i.e. ivestmets held with the itetio of disposig of them withi the ext 12 moths. Other curret assets stood at a value of 51 millio: these iclude the value of stocks ad the amout due to be received from debtors i less tha oe year. Millios Total fixed assets Total curret assets Liabilities 111

130 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.6 Top 45 welfare charities fixed assets base 25,710, ,130,716 Tagible fixed assets Fixed ivestmet assets 760,345,162 Other fixed assets Figure 4.7 Top 45 welfare charities curret assets base 51,008,433 40,850,662 Curret ivestmet assets Cash 130,582,065 Other curret assets Fuds At the ed of 2012, the top 45 armed forces welfare charities held 374 millio i free reserves, a figure that equates to 10.9 moths of expediture. The average level of free reserves across the UK volutary sector was estimated to equate to 15.4 moths of expediture i 2011/12 (latest year available), or just 8.3 moths whe grat-makig trusts 112

131 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities ad research bodies were excluded from the sample (Kae et al. 2014). Armed forces welfare charities fall somewhere i betwee. Free reserves are defied as urestricted fuds which are freely available to use at the discretio of the trustees. These exclude fuds that have bee desigated by the trustees of the charity for specific purposes, as well as edowmets ad restricted fuds which are to be used as specified by the door. Free reserves also exclude the value of the charity s fixed assets as these are fuds that ca oly be realised by the disposal of such assets (such as a property sale). I additio to free reserves, the top 45 armed forces welfare charities held 370 millio as desigated reserves for specific purposes or future projects at the ed of Edowmets ad other door-restricted fuds amouted to 375 millio. Figure 4.8 Top 45 welfare charities fuds by type Edowmet fuds 101 Fixed assets fuds ad revaluatio reserves 103 Restricted fuds 274 Desigated fuds 370 Free reserves Millios Fiacial treds over the past five years Overall icome Betwee the years 2008 ad 2012, the total icome of armed forces welfare charities followed a cotiuous icreasig tred (risig from 372 millio to 479 millio). This represets a 29% icrease i cash terms over the five-year period uder cosideratio. I real terms (i.e. adjustig for iflatio), the total icome of armed forces welfare charities experieced a 14% icrease over the period. 4 4 The iflatio measure used i this report is RPI (Retail Price Idex). 113

132 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities However, this overall tred masks a more complex reality: 62 ewly registered armed forces welfare charities started to operate at various poits betwee 2008 ad Whilst icome icreases were widespread from 2008 to 2011, i 2012 the icome of well-established armed forces welfare charities 5 fell by 6% i real terms ad oly through the icome of ewly registered charities the armed forces welfare charity sector cotiued to grow. Figure 4.9 Welfare charities icome from 2008 to 2012, i real terms Millios Well-established charities All charities A more i-depth look ito ewly registered charities reveals (figure 4.10) that it is the cotributio of two charities that causes the armed forces welfare charity sector to grow cosiderably i 2011 ad These charities are the Black Stork Charity (registered i May 2011) ad FiMT (registered i Jauary 2012). I 2011, the Black Stork Charity received 13 millio i volutary doatios (mostly from major doors) that was to be spet i the costructio of the ew Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre. The ew facility, located at Staford Hall, ear Loughborough, will host defece rehabilitatio services curretly delivered at Headley Court i Surrey. As of 31/12/2012, these fuds had ot bee spet ad were held as desigated reserves for the Defece ad Natioal Rehabilitatio Cetre (see Chapter 2, sectio 2.4.2). I 2012, FiMT received a 35 millio expedable edowmet from the Big Lottery Fud. These fuds are to be used over a 20-year period ad the majority of them are retaied for future use (see table 4.1 for further details). Excludig the Black Stork Charity ad FiMT, the icome cotributed by ewly registered charities is relatively small ad reveals a slowdow i icome for the vast majority welfare charities i The top three welfare charities (The Royal British Legio, SSAFA ad Help 5 The term well-established charities is used here to refer to charities that registered with CCEW prior to

133 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities for Heroes) all experieced slight decreases i their icomig resources i 2012 compared with the previous year. Figure 4.10 Welfare charities icome from 2008 to 2012, i real terms, showig the cotributio of Black Stork Charity ad FiMT Millios Well-established charities All charities excludig Black Stork ad FiMT All charities icludig Black Stork ad FiMT Overall expediture The total expediture of armed forces welfare charities grew by 23% i cash terms betwee 2008 ad 2012 (figure 4.11), movig from 345 millio i 2008 to 424 millio i I real terms, welfare expediture icreased by 9% over the period. This overall tred, however, tells oly part of the story. Welfare charities expediture rose by 14% i real terms betwee 2008 ad I 2011, however, it experieced a 7% decrease, oly to recover slightly i It is importat to clarify that this tred is ot idicative of the performace of the vast majority of welfare charities over the period. I fact, the particular circumstaces of Help for Heroes aloe caused overall expediture to grow cosiderably i 2010 ad the to decrease substatially i

134 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.11 Welfare charities expediture from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms Millios Cash Real terms I 2010, Help for Heroes had committed millios of grat fudig towards the capital ad ruig costs of a etwork of Persoel Recovery Cetres as part of the MOD s Recovery Capability (see Chapter 2, sectio 2.4.2). I 2011, however, the charity started its trasitio from beig a exclusively grat-makig body to take over resposibility for the costructio ad future ruig of some Persoel Recovery Cetres. Grat expediture committed i earlier years was retaied by Help for Heroes ad reclassified as desigated fuds i the charity s fiacial statemets. As a result of this reclassificatio, the charity s accouts for 2011 showed a egative balace of over 28 millio i grat expediture. Excludig Help for Heroes, as it is a uique case that strogly affects the overall picture, the total expediture of the armed forces welfare charity sector rose cotiuously i cash terms betwee 2008 ad I real terms, expediture reached its peak i 2011 ad decreased slightly i

135 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.12 Welfare charities expediture from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms, excludig Help for Heroes Millios Cash Real terms Fuds The total fuds of the top 45 armed forces welfare charities rose by 42% i cash terms over the five-year period uder cosideratio (figure 4.13) up from 861 millio i 2008 to 1.22 billio i I real terms fuds rose by 26% over the period. Amogst the top 45 armed forces welfare charities there are seve ewly registered charities that started to operate at various poits betwee 2008 ad 2012 examples iclude FiMT, Black Stork Charity, Walkig With The Wouded ad Row2Recovery Foudatio. Excludig these ew charities, total fuds rose by 36% i cash terms over the five-year period uder cosideratio (21% i real terms). 6 This icludes edowmet fuds, restricted fuds, urestricted fixed assets, desigated fuds ad free reserves. 117

136 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.13 Total fuds of the top 45 welfare charities from 2008 to 2012, i cash ad real terms 1,400 1,200 1,000 Millios Cash Real terms Figure 4.14 Total fuds of the top 45 welfare charities from 2008 to 2012, i real terms, showig the cotributio of ewly registered charities 1,400 1,200 1,000 Millios Well-established charities All charities

137 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Despite the overall icrease i fuds, real aual growth rates have substatially decreased over the period (figure 4.15). Oly i 2012 growth rates started to gai pace, agai thaks to the fuds cotributed by ewly established charities (particularly the 35 millio expedable edowmet received by FiMT). Figure 4.15 Real aual growth rates 12% 10% Well-established charities All charities 8% Millios 6% 4% 2% 0% A few of the top 45 welfare charities saw their total fuds reduce over the last few years. These decreases, however, were offset by larger icreases elsewhere. Perhaps the most promiet case of reduced fuds is the RAF Beevolet Fud. The RAF Beevolet Fud was operatig o a deficit every year from 2008 to 2012 ad its total fuds fell by 14 millio over the period. 4.3 SERVICE FUNDS Total icome ad expediture I 2012, Service fuds registered i Eglad ad Wales geerated a combied icome of 123 millio ad spet a total of 114 millio. Overall, they operated o a surplus of 9 millio. 7 Close to 60% of this surplus was geerated by the Services Soud ad Visio Corporatio (kow as BFBS). This is the sigle largest Service fud with a icome of 34 millio i the year eded 31/03/2013. Noetheless, it is importat to bear i mid that these figures do ot capture the full picture. There are several thousad Service fuds which are exempted from registratio. 8 All these 7 This is the combied icome ad expediture of 249 Service fuds (88% of the total). There is o data available for 34 Service fuds (16 ewly registered ad 18 with documets overdue). 8 See Chapter 3 (sectio 3.7) for further details. 119

138 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities uregistered fuds operate o icomes below 100,000 (the registratio threshold), but it has ot bee possible to obtai a estimate of their combied fiacial cotributio to the sector. Service fuds icome is ot as cocetrated i a small umber of high-icome charities as it is for welfare charities. Istead, the icome is spread across a greater umber of smaller charities. Figure 4.16 Registered Service fuds by icome bad i the year 2012 Over 5 millio 2.01% 47.91% 45.03% 500,000 to 5 millio 10.04% 28.07% 29.73% 100,000 to 500,000 10,000 to 100, % 3.04% 21.13% 22.10% 27.31% 47.39% No. charities Icome 0 to 10, % 0.10% 13.25% Expediture 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% Types of icome ad expediture Please ote that detailed fiacial iformatio is oly available for the top 30 Service fuds with icomes greater tha 500,000 i This sectio is based o data for these top 30 Service fuds oly, which collectively commaded 77% of all registered Service fuds icome. Icome from charitable activities was the mai type of icome for Service fuds i 2012 (figure 4.17) (66%), followed by fudraisig tradig icome (13%), volutary icome (12%), ivestmet icome (7%) ad other icome (2%). Of total expediture (figure 4.18), charitable spedig comprised 87%, fudraisig tradig costs 5%, costs of geeratig volutary icome 4%, goverace costs 1%, ivestmet maagemet costs 0.4%, ad other resources expeded 2%. 120

139 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.17 Top 30 Service fuds icome by type 2.16% 7.19% 11.86% Volutary icome 13.13% Fudraisig tradig icome Icome from charitable activities 65.66% Ivestmet icome Other icome Figure 4.18 Top 30 Service fuds expediture by type 1.47% 2.23% 3.68% 5.07% 0.40% Costs of geeratig volutary icome Fudraisig tradig costs Ivestmet maagemet costs Costs of charitable activities 87.16% Goverace costs Other resources expeded 121

140 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities It is importat to ote that the typical Service fud is ot a active fudraisig charity ad it does ot receive doatios from the geeral public. The icome of Service fuds derives to a large extet from their charitable activities, such as charges for the services provided or membership subscriptios paid by beeficiaries themselves. A good example is service messes subscriptios: Mess subscriptios Servig members of the armed forces are boud by Quee s Regulatios. These require certai raks to be members of a mess. Mess members are required to pay a mothly subscriptio, fixed by the commadig officer i accordace with limits laid dow i the Regulatios. These subscriptios are cotributios towards the mess s ruig costs. HMRC.d. Some of the largest Service fuds do carry out importat fudraisig edeavours, however. The RAF Sports Board, for istace, rus the RAF Sports Lottery which was established i Fuds raised through the lottery are used to provide grats to the RAF servig commuity for sports ad adveture traiig activities. Similarly, the Army Sport Cotrol Board Charitable Fud rus the Army Sports Lottery. Profits are used to provide aual grats to the 42 sports uios ad associatios of the British Army Assets/fuds At the ed of 2012, the top 30 Service fuds had total et assets worth 250 millio. Total fixed assets stood at a value of 221 millio. Curret assets were worth 45 millio. The majority of fuds were urestricted ( 207 millio), although it has ot bee possible to determie how much of these are tied up with fixed assets or have bee desigated by the trustees for specific purposes. Therefore, it has ot bee possible to determie how much is held as free reserves. 43 millio of fuds was edowmets ad other door-restricted fuds. Figure 4.19 Top 30 Service fuds assets base Millios Total fixed assets Total curret assets Liabilities 122

141 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities 4.4 ASSOCIATIONS Total icome ad expediture I 2012, armed forces associatios geerated a icome of 23 millio ad spet a total of 25 millio. 9 The top six armed forces associatios had icomig resources of over 500,000 i 2012, ad they aloe commaded 80% of the icome ( 19 millio). Table 4.2 Top six associatios Icome 2012 Expediture 2012 Royal Air Forces Associatio Corporate body 9,484,000 7,994,000 Bomber Commad Associatio 4,650,809 8,153,697 Special Boat Service Associatio 1,855,415 1,152,722 Royal Egieers Associatio 1,219,485 1,200,324 Royal Maries Associatio 744, ,068 Special Air Service Regimetal Associatio 703, ,230 Total 18,658,018 19,885,041 Some of the largest associatios are also importat welfare providers ad beevolet gratmakers. Therefore, a relevat share of their resources is spet o welfare ad beevolece for relief-i-eed purposes (see chapters 3 ad 7 for further details). Smaller associatios are likely to sped most of their resources o membership activities Assets/fuds At the ed of 2012, the top six associatios had total et assets worth 49 millio (figure 4.20). Total fixed assets amouted to 48 millio ad curret assets were worth 9 millio. 9 This is the combied icome ad expediture of 79 associatios (96% of the total). There is o data available for three associatios. 10 Note: a aalysis of types of icome ad expediture has ot bee coducted as detailed fiacial iformatio is oly available for the top six associatios which do ot costitute a represetative sample. 123

142 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities The majority of fuds were urestricted ( 41 millio), although it has ot bee possible to determie how much of these are tied up with fixed assets or have bee desigated by the trustees for specific purposes. Therefore, it has ot bee possible to determie how much is held as free reserves. 8 millio was edowmets ad other restricted fuds. Figure 4.20 Top six associatios asset base Associatio braches I 2012, associatio braches registered i Eglad ad Wales geerated a total icome of 3 millio ad spet 3 millio. 11 No further fiacial iformatio is available for this group of charities as they are very small with a average icome of 5,358 i Associatio braches registered i Scotlad geerated a icome of 2 millio ad spet 2 millio. Their average icome for the year was 10,362. Millios Total fixed assets Total curret assets - 7 Liabilities 4.5 MIXED-TYPE CHARITIES Total icome ad expediture As explaied i Chapter 3, mixed-type charities are maily grat-makig bodies which provide a itegral package of support to the armed forces commuity icludig: grats to promote the efficiecy of the armed forces (ameities, sports ad so o); welfare ad beevolet grats for relief-i-eed purposes; grats to support associatioal activities; grats to support the upkeep of armed forces museums ad other heritage assets This is the combied icome ad expediture of 492 associatio braches (96% of the total). There is o data available for 23 braches.

143 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Of mixed-type charities, 86% are coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army with a visio of supportig all aspects of corps ad regimetal life ad all members of the corps ad regimetal family (servig ad ex-service persoel ad their depedats), 4% are aval charities ad 3% are RAF charities. I 2012, mixed-type charities geerated a icome of 32 millio ad spet 25 millio, operatig o a surplus of 6.5 millio % of this surplus was geerated by the Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud (CC o ) which is curretly egaged i a ambitious pla to icrease its reserves. As stated i the charity s accouts: Whilst the curret market value of the ivestmet reserve attracts sizeable ivestmet icome, Trustees have oted that future aticipated demad o the Charity will icrease cosiderably as a cosequece of the coflicts i Afghaista ad Iraq. To meet this demad, Trustees have set a Ivestmet Reserves target for the fud of 12.6M, a policy which is reviewed aually. The curret reserves level is 8.57M; it is iteded to reach the target by the ed of 2014 through icreased targeted fudraisig activities followig the appoitmet of a Fudraisig Campaig Maager i October 2012, ad two additioal fudraisig staff durig the course of RMCTF Types of icome ad expediture Please ote that detailed fiacial iformatio is oly available for the top 14 mixed-type charities (with icomes greater tha 500,000 i 2012). Oe of them is the Hoourable Artillery Compay. This charity has bee excluded from the calculatios i this sectio as it is a uique charity that sits o valuable real estate assets ad distorts the represetativeess of the sample. The top 14 mixed-type charities, excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay, commaded 74% of all mixed-type charities icome. Volutary icome (62%) ad ivestmet icome (20%) were the two mai types of icome for mixed-type charities i 2012 (see figure 4.21). These were followed by icome from charitable activities (15%), fudraisig tradig icome (2%) ad other icome (1%). Of mixed-type charities total expediture (see figure 4.22), 85% was o charitable spedig, 7% costs of geeratig volutary icome, 3% goverace costs, 2% ivestmet maagemet costs, 1% fudraisig tradig costs ad 2% other resources expeded. 12 This is the combied icome ad expediture of 59 mixed-type charities (91% of the total). There is o data available for six mixed-type charities (three ewly registered ad three with documets overdue). 125

144 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.21 Top 14 mixed-type charities icome by type (excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay) 0.91% 20.31% Volutary icome Fudraisig tradig icome 14.73% 61.63% Icome from charitable activities Ivestmet icome 2.41% Other icome Figure 4.22 Top 14 mixed-type charities expediture by type (excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay) 2.76% 1.86% 7.31% 1.06% 1.87% Costs of geeratig volutary icome Fudraisig tradig costs Ivestmet maagemet costs Costs of charitable activities 85.14% Goverace costs Other resources expeded 126

145 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities I the past, these charities were ot active fudraisers as they have traditioally relied (ad to a large extet still do) o volutary icome raised via payroll-givig schemes such as the Army s Day s Pay Scheme. The Army Air Corps Fud (CC o ) offers a simple explaatio of this model i its accouts: The pricipal source of fudig for the Army Air Corps Fud is through the volutary cotributios of the servig members of the Corps through a system kow as the Day s Pay Scheme. This method is commo across the Army. Uder Quee s Regulatios for the Army all servig officers ad soldiers are ecouraged to make volutary doatios to their ow Regimetal Beevolece Fud. That doatio is take from their pay at source i twelve mothly amouts, amoutig to the agreed deductio... It is a volutary doatio that requires the permissio of the idividual... Oly a very small miority elect ot to make doatios. AACF 2012 I 2012, payroll-givig cotributios from servig persoel geerated 48% of the total volutary icome raised by mixed-type charities. A additioal 4% of volutary icome was the estimated value of staff costs ad facilities doated by the MOD as may of these charities operate from armed forces headquarters (i.e. MOD property) ad are ru partly or Figure 4.23 etirely by MOD employees. Noetheless, some of the largest charities i this group have started to move towards more active fudraisig strategies i the last few years. This shift has bee drive by two mai factors: the aticipated reductio i the size of the armed forces (meaig that payroll cotributios from servig persoel will dimiish as well) ad the eed to raise sufficiet fuds to be able to provide for ex-service persoel who have bee affected by recet coflicts i Iraq ad Afghaista. A good example is the Care for Casualties appeal lauched i March 2010 by the Rifles Regimetal Trust. A umber of other regimetal charities are egagig i similar fudraisig efforts. Millios Top 14 mixed-type charities asset base Assets/fuds 40 At the ed of 2012, the top 14 mixed-type charities (icludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay) had total ets assets worth 177 millio. Total fixed assets stood at a value of 169 millio ad curret assets amouted to 14 millio Total fixed assets 14 Total curret assets - 5 Liabilities 127

146 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities The majority of fuds were urestricted ( 112 millio), although it has ot bee possible to determie how much of these are tied up with fixed assets or have bee desigated by the trustees for specific purposes. Therefore, it has ot bee possible to determie how much is held as free reserves. 66 millio was edowmets ad other restricted fuds. 4.6 ARMED FORCES HERITAGE ORGANISATIONS Total icome ad expediture I 2012, the 242 armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai (222 registered i Eglad ad Wales ad 20 registered i Scotlad) geerated a icome of 125 millio ad spet 77 millio. 13 Overall, armed forces heritage orgaisatios retaied 49 millio of their icome for future use. This was ot a operatig surplus ad 65% of it ca be explaied by a sigle charity: the HMS Victory Preservatio Compay (CC o ). This is a ewly registered charity that was established to preserve, restore ad maitai the Royal Navy s flagship HMS Victory. The owership of the ship was trasferred to the charity i 2012 ad the vast majority of icomig resources for the year related to the value of the ship as well as other trasferred assets. Figure 4.24 Icome, expediture ad surplus geerated by armed forces heritage orgaisatios registered i Great Britai, Icome Expediture 2012 Millios Surplus Museums Heritage preservatio trusts Memorials Other This is the combied icome ad expediture of 222 armed forces heritage orgaisatios (92% of the total). There is o data available for a further 20.

147 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Types of icome ad expediture Please ote that detailed fiacial iformatio is oly available for the top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios (with icomes greater tha 500,000 i 2012). This sectio is based o data for these top 24 charities oly, which collectively commaded 87% of the armed forces heritage sector icome. I 2012, the mai type of icome for armed forces heritage orgaisatios (figure 4.25) was volutary icome (77%), followed by icome from charitable activities (12%), fudraisig tradig icome (8%) ad other icome (2%). The vast majority of volutary icome was grats received from other charities ad istitutios, icludig grats-i-aid 14 awarded by the MOD to some of the largest armed forces heritage orgaisatios (such as the Natioal Museum of the Royal Navy, the Natioal Army Museum ad the RAF Museum). Figure 4.25 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios icome by type 0.50% 1.73% 12.35% Volutary icome 8.04% Fudraisig tradig icome Icome from charitable activities 77.38% Ivestmet icome Other icome Of total expediture (see figure 4.26), 73% was o charitable spedig, 12% fudraisig tradig costs, 4% goverace costs, 3% costs of geeratig volutary icome ad 8% other resources expeded. 14 A grat-i-aid is a sum of moey grated by govermet to a depedecy for a specific purpose or programme. 129

148 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.26 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios expediture by type 2.91% 4.40% 7.67% 12.03% 0.16% Costs of geeratig volutary icome Fudraisig tradig costs Ivestmet maagemet costs Costs of charitable activities 72.83% Goverace costs Other resources expeded Assets/fuds At the ed of 2012, the top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios held 408 millio i total et assets. Total fixed assets were worth 363 millio. Curret assets amouted to 58 millio. The majority of fuds were edowmets ad other door-restricted fuds ( 224 millio). Urestricted fuds stood at a value of 183 millio, although it has ot bee possible to determie how much of these are tied up with fixed assets or desigated by the trustees for specific purposes. Therefore, it has ot bee possible to determie how much is held as free reserves. Figure 4.27 Top 24 armed forces heritage orgaisatios asset base Millios Total fixed assets Total curret assets - 13 Other assets less liabilities 130

149 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities 4.7 CADET FORCES UNITS AND ORGANISATIONS Total icome ad expediture I 2012, a total of 500 cadet charities registered i Great Britai (364 registered i Eglad ad Wales ad 136 registered i Scotlad) geerated a icome of 30 millio ad spet 27 millio, operatig o a surplus of 3 millio. 15 Three-quarters of this surplus was geerated by the three umbrella bodies of the mai UK Cadet Forces: The Marie Society ad Sea Cadets (CC o ); The Army Cadet Force Associatio (CC o ); The Air Traiig Corps Geeral Purposes Fud (CC o ). These three umbrella bodies are the oly cadet forces charities with icomes greater tha 500,000, ad they aloe commaded 73% of the total cadet sector icome i 2012 (ad paid out 73% of total expediture i the cadet sector). The rest of the cadet forces charity sector is made up of small charities with a average icome of 17,000 ad a average expediture of 15,000 i Of these charities, 99% are local or regioal ad coected to the Sea Cadets, the Army Cadet Force ad the Air Traiig Corps Types of icome ad expediture Detailed fiacial iformatio o types of icome ad spedig is oly available for the three umbrella bodies of the Sea Cadets, the Army Cadet Force ad the Air Traiig Corps. These three charities had icomig resources of 22 millio i 2012 (see figure 4.28). Icome from charitable activities made up 77% of the total, followed by volutary icome (15%), fudraisig tradig icome (5%) ad ivestmet icome (3%). Icome from charitable activities icludes grats-i-aid awarded by the MOD to provide for educatioal ad social activities to cadets across the UK. This is a uusual accoutig priciple as grats-i-aid received from the MOD are usually classified by other armed forces charities uder volutary icome (see, for istace, sectio cocerig armed forces museums). 15 This is the combied icome ad expediture of 470 cadet charities (94% of the total). There is o data available for 30 cadet charities. 131

150 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.28 Top three cadet forces charities icome by type 2.95% 0.00% 15.31% Volutary icome 4.67% Fudraisig tradig icome Icome from charitable activities 77.08% Ivestmet icome Other icome I 2012, MOD grats-i-aid made up 68% of total icomig resources (figure 4.29) received by the three cadet umbrella bodies of the mai UK cadet forces. Figure 4.29 Top three cadet forces charities icome, by source 7,196,243 MOD grats-i-aid 14,967,279 Other icome Charitable spedig made up 96% of total expediture (figure 4.30), followed by costs of geeratig volutary icome (2%), goverace costs (1%) ad other resources expeded (1%). 132

151 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities Figure 4.30 Top three cadet forces charities expediture by type 0.73% 1.04% 1.87% 0.00% 0.38% Costs of geeratig volutary icome Fudraisig tradig costs Ivestmet maagemet costs Costs of charitable activities 95.98% Goverace costs Other resources expeded Assets/fuds At the ed of 2012, the three umbrella bodies of the Sea Cadets, the Army Cadet Force ad the Air Traiig Corps held total et assets worth 30 millio. Total fixed assets stood at a value of 23 millio. Curret assets amouted to 9 millio. The majority of fuds were edowmets ad other door-restricted fuds ( 22 millio). 8 millio was urestricted. Figure 4.31 Top three cadet forces charities asset base Millios Total fixed assets Total curret assets - 3 Liabilities 133

152 Sector isight: armed forces charities A close look ito the fiaces of UK armed forces charities 4.8 REFERENCES AACF (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 March 2012, Stockbridge, Army Air Corps Fud FiMT (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 30 November 2012, Salisbury, Forces i Mid Trust H4H (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 30 September 2012, Salisbury, Help for Heroes HMRC (.d.), VBNB60860 Clubs ad associatios: geeral iformatio about service messes ad service fuds for juior raks [web page], vbbmaual/vbb60860.htm, HM Reveue & Customs, accessed 12/09/2014 Kae, David, Pete Bass, Joe Heywood, Véroique Jochum, Deb James ad Gareth Lloyd (2014), NCVO UK Civil Society Almaac 2014, Lodo, NCVO RMCTF (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Portsmouth, Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud RSGH (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Richmod, Royal Star & Garter Homes Note: All aual reports ad accouts are accessible from the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales. 134

153 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support CHAPTER FIVE The geographical distributio of charitable support to the UK armed forces KEY OBSERVATIONS Armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales cover a geographical area of operatio (i.e. areas where grats may be distributed or services may be provided) extedig to 19 coutries, from Australia to Nepal via St Vicet ad the Greadies. The majority of support provided by armed forces welfare charities (92% of charitable expediture) beefits members of the armed forces commuity livig i the UK, with 8% beefittig those residet overseas. 1 The bulk (52%) of charitable expediture of armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales is spet i Eglad ad Wales. A additioal oe-fifth goes just to Eglad (18%) ad half that amout (aroud 10% each) beefits Scotlad, Wales ad Norther Irelad. Withi Eglad, two-thirds of support is available atiowide. Oe-third is available regioally, with a greater cocetratio of charitable spedig appearig to pool aroud Lodo ad the South East at the potetial expese of other regios. This could have a kock-o effect o the sigificat populatio of the ex-service commuity livig i the North. 1 The figures ad percetages preseted from our research i this chapter are ot based o actual amouts spet by charities i particular areas (such iformatio is ot available). The figures ad percetages are based o apportioig the fiaces of each charity betwee the areas of operatio defied by the charity (divided up equally where the charity states more tha oe area of operatio). These estimates, therefore, form a best guess based o the available detail. 135

154 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support 5.1 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFIT VERSUS NEED As explaied i Chapter 3, there are a total of 278 armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales which provide welfare support to members of the armed forces commuity as their primary fuctio. This welfare support icludes the direct provisio of services ad/or grats to alleviate distress amog people who are i eed due to fiacial hardship, uemploymet, homelessess, ill health, disability, old age ad/or other persoal circumstaces. 2 Sectio 5.2 will aalyse the geographical distributio of support provided by these 278 armed forces welfare charities; but first, it is importat to aalyse the geographical distributio of their beeficiary populatio (i.e. members of the armed forces commuity). This will allow us to assess whether there is a adequate correlatio betwee the locatio of potetial eed ad the locatio of welfare support available Geographical distributio of beeficiaries (i.e. the armed forces commuity) The potetial beeficiary populatio of armed forces welfare charities cosists of 196,500 persoel servig i the UK armed forces as of 1 July 2014 (MOD 2014a), 2.8 millio ex-service persoel ad 3.1 millio depedats (icludig spouses, civil parters ad childre) (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). The majority of the UK armed forces is statioed i Eglad: 79% of UK regular forces persoel as of 1 July 2014 (MOD 2014b). The majority of the ex-service commuity (82%) also lives i Eglad (see figure 5.1). Figure 5.1 Distributio of the ex-service commuity i the UK (TRBL ad Compass Partership (2014)) 7% 3% 9% Eglad Scotlad Wales 82% Norther Irelad 2 There are 131 additioal armed forces charities registered i Eglad ad Wales which also provide services ad/or grats to members of the armed forces commuity who are i eed but operate withi broader charitable objects. See chapters 3 ad 7 for further details 136

155 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Data from a recet atioally represetative survey of UK adults showed that the ex- Service commuity regioal profile varies from the regioal profile of the geeral adult populatio: there is a substatially lower proportio of the ex-service commuity livig i Greater Lodo ad a slightly higher proportio livig i the South West ad Yorkshire ad the Humber. The regios where the ex-service commuity makes up the largest proportio of total adult populatio are: the South West, Yorkshire ad the Humber, the North East ad Wales ad more geerally i rural areas (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). Besides this sigle survey, little data o where the ex-service commuity is located i the UK exists at least ot atioally. There are local exceptios, for example see Lewis et al. (2013, pp ) which outlies the demography of Merseyside ad Cheshire ex-service persoel, ad Southampto City Coucil (2012, pp. 8 10) which estimates the Southampto ex-service persoel populatio. Natioally, however, it is still poorly uderstood i which areas of the UK the armed forces commuity is, or how big the commuity is i proportio to the geeral populatio. Plaed chages to the Office for Natioal Statistics (ONS) Itegrated Household Survey (IHS) may help to map the geography of the armed forces commuity i the ear future. 3 I Scotlad, the NHS records the locatio of ex-service persoel which allows more accurate estimates dow to postcode level. This data shows that the umber of ex-service persoel is higher ear the urba areas of Ediburgh, Dudee, Iveress ad Glasgow. The way the rest of the NHS recogises service i the armed forces is subtly differet from the way it is recorded i Scotlad, but importatly so. Durig service, persoel receive primary care from the Defece Medical Services. Upo leavig it is icumbet upo the idividual to register with a NHS GP records do ot trasfer automatically. Whe registerig with the NHS the idividual ca be flagged as returig from armed forces o their form, but it is up to the idividual to do this. Aother issue is that this flag the disappears if ex-service persoel move to a ew practice, which is simply treated as a regular iteral patiet trasfer. There is a strog argumet for extedig Scotlad s relatively simple measure throughout the UK i order to be able to make more accurate estimates. 4 Where the MOD does publish more localised data, this is regardig those i receipt of war pesios or paymets uder the relatively ew Armed Forces ad Reserve Forces Compesatio Scheme (i operatio sice 2005). 3 I 2013, the IHS Steerig Group agreed to itroduce a set of ew questios to the IHS core collectig data o military veteras due to their curret policy importace. Ufortuately the IHS is at maximum capacity i terms of the umber of questios it asks ad chages have ot yet bee implemeted. The IHS Steerig Group idetified the set of questios o sexual idetity as a potetial topic that could be rotated aually with ew questios for veteras (i.e. ot asked oe year, reistated the followig year) (ONS 2014). 4 There are other ways of trackig ex-service persoel ad their depedats but they are fragmeted ad ot comprehesive. For istace, i 2008 schools itroduced a Service Flag for the childre of armed forces parets to a cesus that schools are required to carry out aually. However, declarig service is ot madatory for parets ad the scheme does ot cover idepedet schools ad oly exists i Eglad. 137

156 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Armed Forces ad Reserve Forces Compesatio Scheme beefits are paid to those who have suffered serious ijury, illess or bereavemet as a result of servig (sice 6 April 2005, before this date compesatios are made through the War Pesios scheme). However, 71% of claims betwee April 2005 ad March 2014 were made by servig persoel; with oly 18% claimig post-service. Therefore, statistics from paymets made uder this scheme are ot a great measure for trackig ad locatig the ex-service commuity; at least ot for ow (as the eligible beeficiaries of the War Pesios scheme reduce i umber over time, the ew compesatio scheme will probably become the mai idicator to track those i the ex- Service commuity with disabilities ad bereaved families). Detailed postcode data for these paymets shows that, for example, 38% of the Armed Forces ad Reserve Forces Compesatio Scheme recipiets betwee 2005 ad 2014 were based i the South East ad South West of Eglad (MOD 2014c, p. 2), which broadly reflects the proportio of UK armed forces persoel statioed i those regios (see figure 5.2). Figure 5.2 Distributio of UK regular forces statioed i the UK ad overseas (as of 1 July 2014) (MOD 2014b) South East Eglad South West Eglad 23% 24% Overseas 11% East of Eglad Yorkshire ad Humber Scotlad East Midlads 9% 8% 7% 6% West Midlads Lodo Wales North West Eglad Norther Irelad North East Eglad Uallocated 4% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0.2% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 138

157 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support War pesios statistics, which show pesios paid to those ex-service persoel disabled by service (as log as claimed disablemet arose before 6 April 2005) ad to depedats bereaved by service (before 6 April 2005), 5 curretly give a margially better idicatio of where the ex-service commuity lives. These statistics idicate that over a quarter of disabled ex-service persoel ad bereaved depedats live i the South West (14%) ad the South East (13%). A sigificat proportio is elsewhere i the coutry: for istace, 11% live i the North West ad 9% i Yorkshire ad the Humber (see figure 5.3). It is importat to bear i mid, however, that those i receipt of war pesios oly represet 4% of the total ex-service populatio, ad 2.3% of the ex-service commuity as a whole (MOD 2014d). 6 Figure 5.3 Distributio of MOD war pesios to British armed forces ex-service persoel, war widowers ad other depedats South West 14% South East 13% North West 11% Scotlad 9% Overseas Yorkshire ad The Humber East of Eglad East Midlads 7% 7% 7% 7% North East West Midlads Wales 6% 6% 6% Lodo Norther Irelad 3% 3% Other UK 1% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 5 At the ed of March 2014, 121,900 war disablemet pesios were i operatio, plus 22,445 war widow/widower pesios (MOD 2014d). 6 The demographic profile of war pesios recipiets closely mirrors that of the ex-service commuity as a whole: they are maily older (63% are over 65 years old) but covers all ages (3% are uder 40 years old). For the ex-service commuity as a whole, The Royal British Legio latest estimates show that 64% of the ex-service commuity is over 65 years old, ad 6% uder 35 years old (TRBL ad Compass Partership 2014). 139

158 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support I summary, the evidece for trackig ad locatig ex-service persoel ad their depedats is poor. The best idicator comes from The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership (2014) data quoted, which is based o a represetative sample of UK adults, 7 ad which idicates that the ex-service commuity s regioal profile varies from the UK adult populatio (as outlied earlier i this sectio) Geographical distributio of armed forces welfare charities As oted earlier, there are 278 armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. These charities provide a wide rage of support to members of the armed forces commuity who are i eed through the provisio of welfare services (such as housig ad care homes) ad/or grats for relief-i-eed purposes. The majority of these charities have their mai headquarters i Greater Lodo ad the South East of Eglad (59%) (see figure 5.4). This reflects the patter see i the UK volutary sector as a whole, with over 10 times more volutary orgaisatios per 1,000 people i some Lodo Boroughs versus Blackpool (Clarke et al. 2012). 8 Oly 6% of armed forces welfare charities have their mai headquarters i the North West. Eve fewer have their headquarters i Yorkshire ad the Humber (3%), Wales (3%), the North East (1%) ad Scotlad (1%) (see Figure 5.4). 9 7 Questios were placed i a ONS Omibus survey with a sample of 20,700 UK adults (aged 16+), who were screeed to idetify members of the armed forces commuity: 2,203 were eligible. Servig persoel ad their depedats were removed for reportig purposes, leavig a fial survey sample of 2,121 i the ex-service commuity (ex-service persoel ad their adult depedats). The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership (2014) report that this provides a reliable platform o which to base future plaig ad decisio-makig. 8 I tur, this reflects the availability of resources ad the propesity for orgaisatios to gather together aroud urba hubs to maximise the opportuities for resource- ad kowledge-sharig. However, this geographical distributio does ot ecessarily suit potetial beeficiaries. 9 It is importat to bear i mid that this aalysis refers oly to armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales ad excludes additioal charities registered i Scotlad ad Norther Irelad (see chapter 3 for further details). 140

159 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.4 Geographical locatio (mai headquarters) of armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales South East 31% Lodo ad Greater Lodo 28% East South West 8% 8% North West West Midlads East Midlads 5% 5% 6% Yorkshire ad The Humber Wales 3% 3% North East Scotlad Chael Islads 1% 1% 0.4% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% I additio to this we ca examie which types of CCEW-registered armed forces charities cogregate where i the UK. The map i figure 5.5 shows that grat-makers are the most umerously widespread type of armed forces charity (as far orth as Yorkshire), while Other advice, advocacy ad support services, Provisio of multiple services (may also provide grats) ad Metal health support (icludig post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) provide local area support from Truro to Fife. Support aroud Housig ad homelessess is well spread across the coutry, although more sparsely tha the aforemetioed types of support. It is iterestig to ote that armed forces charities providig Employmet ad career support are cofied to Lodo ad its immediate surroudig area, where four out of six specialist care homes are also sited. I Lodo, most armed forces welfare charities have their mai offices aroud the City ad south ad west areas of ier Lodo. 141

160 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.5 Registered mai offices of armed forces welfare charities KW HS IV AB PH DD PA FK KY G EH ML TD KA NE DG DH CA LA IM 142 DL BD SR TS HG LS YO BB HU PR HX WF BL OL HD DN L WN M WA SK S LN CH CW NG LL ST DE TF WS NR PE LE SY WV DY B CV NN IP CB LD HR WR MK SG SA CO LU OX GL HP AL CM NP CF SL SN RM SS BS DA RG ME CT BA SP RH TA GU TN SO EX BN DT BH PO PL TQ JERSEY FY TR JE Base map # Maproom at

161 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Registered mai offices of armed forces welfare charities LONDON WD EN HA N NW E UB WC EC W SW SE TW SM KT CR IG BR p l t Care home Disability support (targeted at disabled ex-service persoel) Employmet ad career support Grat makig oly «Healthcare ad rehabilitatio p p l t Housig ad homelessess: Homelessess Housig ad homelessess: Housig Other advice, advocacy ad support services Provisio of multiple services (may also provide grats) Metal health support (icludig PTSD) Respite breaks, sports ad recreatio 143

162 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support 5.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHARITABLE SUPPORT The vast majority of armed forces welfare charities have areas of operatio that exted far beyod their mai headquarters locatio. The area of operatio defies where the charity may provide services ad/or distribute grats i pursuit of its charitable purposes. Areas of operatio ca be defied dow to the level of local authorities. I our sample (278 armed forces welfare charities) oly 11% of charities defied their areas of operatio at local authority level, 23% defied them at couty ad/or regioal level, ad the remaiig charities defied their areas of operatio at coutry level oly. A cosiderable umber of charities defied their area of operatio as Eglad ad Wales (sice this is the area covered by the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW)). I these cases it is impossible to coclude how much fudig goes to Eglad ad how much to Wales, so this dual-coutry defied area is kept separate for the purposes of the aalyses. It is importat to bear i mid that the figures ad percetages preseted i the rest of this chapter are ot based o actual amouts spet by charities i particular areas (such iformatio is ot readily available). The figures ad percetages are based o apportioig the fiaces of each charity betwee the areas of operatio defied by the charity (divided up equally where the charity states more tha oe area of operatio). These estimates, therefore, form a best guess based o the available detail. Of our sample of armed forces welfare charities, 62% stated oly oe area of operatio, while 38% defied two or more areas of operatio up to a maximum of eight areas, as show i figure Expediture i the UK versus overseas Armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales cover areas of operatio that exted to 19 coutries, from Australia to Nepal via St Vicet ad the Greadies (represetig the areas where potetial beeficiaries may reside). Total expediture As show i figure 5.7, the bulk of total expediture goes, usurprisigly, to the coutries of the UK: Eglad, Norther Irelad, Scotlad ad Wales. Betwee them, the coutries of the UK beefitted from 92% of the total expediture of armed forces welfare charities i 2012 (aroud 390 millio). Total expediture icludes all staff, equipmet, buildigs ad programme outlay as well as spedig directly o beeficiaries. Overseas coutries beefitted from 8% of total expediture (see figure 5.8 for more iformatio). 144

163 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.6 The umber of areas of operatio defied by armed forces welfare charities 10 70% 62% 60% 50% 40% 38% 30% 30% 20% 20% 10% 8% 5% 2% 1% 0% Figure 5.7 Total armed forces welfare charity expediture: UK versus overseas 8% 92% UK Overseas 10 The 38% of charities that state two or more areas of operatio is broke dow to the right of the bar (amog the purple bars). These purple bars are mutually iclusive; i.e. each bar to the left cotais the umber to the right of it. 145

164 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.8 Worldwide geographical area of operatio of armed forces welfare charities excludig UK (total expediture) Overseas Republic of Irelad Nepal Jersey Cyprus Afghaista Germay Isle of Ma Frace Australia St Vicet ad Greadies Burma Polad Hog Kog Spai 1.1% 0.8% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.05% 0.04% 0.04% 0.01% 0.01% 0.004% % 5% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% Charitable expediture Note that published details of charitable expediture the moey spet directly o deliverig support to beeficiaries are oly available for the largest 45 armed forces welfare charities (those with icomes above 500,000 per aum, for which we ca track 334 millio of charitable expediture i total i 2012). Charitable expediture shows exactly the same patter as total expediture, with 92% of the moey spet i the home coutries of the UK, ad 8% spet overseas Expediture withi the UK As show i figure 5.9, the bulk of charitable expediture (52%) is spet i Eglad ad Wales. 11 A additioal oe-fifth of charitable expediture is spet just i Eglad (18%), while half that amout (aroud 10% each) is spet i Norther Irelad, Scotlad ad Wales As oted earlier i sectio 5.2, discrete iformatio for each coutry is ot available for a cosiderable umber of charities which would allow the expediture to be desigated separately.

165 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.9 Armed forces welfare charity charitable expediture, UK versus overseas 10% 10% Eglad ad Wales Eglad 10% 52% Wales Scotlad 18% Norther Irelad Expediture withi Eglad Total expediture Aroud 64% of total expediture desigated for Eglad oly (excludig charities that operate across Eglad ad Wales) is available for Eglad as a whole, while 36% is divided betwee the ie Eglish regios. Lodo (42%) ad the South East (36%) get the lio s share of this residual amout, with the West Midlads also beefittig from a large proportio: 18%. All other regios receive just 1% of the expediture each (see figure 5.10 for further detail). Figure 5.10 Armed forces charities total regioal expediture i Eglad Greater Lodo 42% South East 36% West Midlads 18% South West East Midlads East North West North East Yorkshire ad Humber 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 147

166 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support This patter of total regioal expediture seems to reflect i part the locatio of the armed forces welfare charities i Eglad a large proportio (59%) have their mai headquarters i Lodo ad the South East (see figure 5.4). Armed forces welfare charities that provide residetial care i Lodo ad the South East represet a cosiderable share of total expediture desigated for these regios (see table 5.1). This patter of expediture reflects the patter foud i the UK volutary sector as a whole: 30% of the total icome is accouted for by charitable orgaisatios based i seve Lodo boroughs, ad there are over 10 times more volutary orgaisatios per 1,000 people o average i some Lodo boroughs versus Blackpool (Clarke et al. 2012). Charitable expediture While two-thirds (67%) of charitable expediture (i.e. spedig o charitable support) is available for Eglad as a whole, 33% is specifically desigated for the ie Eglish regios, with the bulk agai goig to Lodo ad the South East (see figure 5.11 for further detail). Figure 5.11 Armed forces charities charitable expediture i Eglish regios Greater Lodo 38% South East 43% West Midlads 19% South West East Midlads East North West North East Yorkshire ad Humber 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Breakdow of charitable expediture I 2012, the top 45 armed forces welfare charities spet 81% of their total expediture o charitable activities (aroud 334 millio). As illustrated i figure 5.12, three-quarters of charitable spedig wet towards coverig the costs of direct service provisio ad other support costs (such as housig, care homes, healthcare, rehabilitatio ad the cost of caseworkers), 18% was spet o grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes ad 7% was spet o grats to other orgaisatios. 148

167 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.12 Top 45 welfare charities charitable spedig by charitable activity 18% 7% Grats to idividuals (relief i eed) Grats to other orgaisatios 75% Service provisio ad other costs of charitable activities Grats to idividuals ad orgaisatios As show i figure 5.13, more tha four-fifths of grats to idividuals i eed distributed by the top 45 armed forces welfare charities i 2012 were available to the whole of the UK. Less tha oe-fifth wet overseas (for example, the Royal Commowealth Ex-Services League gives support ad grats oly to overseas residets of commowealth coutries who have served the British Crow). As with other forms of support provided by armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales, the majority of grats to idividuals were distributed i Eglad ad Wales (78%), followed by Norther Irelad (11%) ad Scotlad (11%) (see figure 5.14). Figure 5.13 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to idividuals 2012, UK versus overseas All grats distributed i Eglad were eligible atiowide, with o special preferece for Eglish regios. 16% The overwhelmig majority (96%) of grats to other orgaisatios were likely to be give withi the UK, with oly 4% goig overseas (see figure 5.15). 84% UK Overseas 149

168 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Figure 5.14 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to idividuals i the UK 11% Eglad ad Wales 11% Eglad 14% 50% Wales Norther Irelad 14% Scotlad Figure 5.15 Top 45 armed forces welfare charities distributio of grats to other orgaisatios 2012, UK versus overseas 4% 96% UK Overseas 150

169 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Charitable service provisio There are five armed forces welfare charities amogst the top 45 which provide specialist care homes i Lodo ad the South East ad which cocetrate 13.3 millio of charitable expediture (see table 5.1). The remaiig charities i the top 45 provide support atioally across Eglad (62%), Eglad ad Wales (31%), Norther Irelad (2%) ad overseas (4%). Table 5.1 Specialist care homes i Lodo ad the South East Charity Locatio Charitable expediture 2012 Support provided Royal Alfred Seafarers Society (CC o ) Surrey, South East 2,979,696 The Royal Alfred Seafarers Society is a maritime charity which has provided ursig care ad accommodatio support to elderly, sick or disabled seafarers, their widows ad depedats sice The Society s purpose-built residece has a full rage of services available o oe site, icludig ursig care, respite care, accommodatio ad specialised demetia care i a dedicated uit. Retired seafarers from all over the UK go to The Royal Alfred Seafarers Society for a safe have i sickess or old age (Royal Alfred.d.). St David s Home for Disabled Ex-Serviceme ad wome (CC o ) The Quee Alexadra Hospital Home (CC o ) 12 Ealig, West Lodo Worthig, West Sussex, South East 245,170 Established i 1918 by Lady Ae Kerr, St David s Home provides care for older people ad rehabilitatio for those with physical disabilities. While the home gives priority to ex-service persoel ad their depedats, St David s is willig to care for the eeds of those with disabilities, based o a eeds/health assessmet (St David s 2012). 4,216,417 The Quee Alexadra Hospital Home is curretly the oly Hospital Home south of Lodo which provides specialist ursig care for ex-serviceme ad wome. The home accepts residets who are 18 years old or older ad has 60 beds for both permaet ad short-term respite care for two to four weeks at a time (QAHH 2012). 12 I 2014 the Quee Alexadra Hospital Home kitche was refurbished usig a major doatio from the LIBOR Fud ( 722,719 from the Armed Forces Coveat (LIBOR) 151

170 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Specialist care homes i Lodo ad the South East The Royal Cambridge Home for Soldiers Widows (CC o ) The Royal Star & Garter Homes (CC o ) East Molesey, Surrey, South East Surbito ad Solihull South East ad West Midlads 706,160 The Royal Cambridge Home for Soldiers Widows is a female-oly care home which ca accommodate up to 28 residets. The home supports widows ad female depedats of all who have served i ay of the armed forces of the Crow (amely regular, territorial, or reserve uits of the Royal Navy, British Army, ad Royal Air Force.) This icludes wome who themselves have served i ay of the armed forces (RCH 2014). 5,161,000 Established i 1915 uder the auspices of the British Red Cross Society to care for the severely disabled youg me returig from the battlegrouds of the First World War, the Royal Star & Garter Homes curretly maage two care homes for ex- Service persoel ad their families i the West Midlads ad Greater Lodo ad it is lookig to establish a third oe i Buckighamshire (Star ad Garter.d.). 5.3 CONCLUSIONS: THE DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFIT VERSUS NEED Our aalysis has show that the majority of support provided by armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales is available atiowide across Eglad ad Wales. Withi Eglad, oe-third of support is available regioally, with a greater cocetratio of armed forces welfare charitable expediture appearig to pool aroud Lodo ad the South East at the potetial expese of other regios. This could have a kock-o effect o the sigificat populatio of the ex-service commuity livig i the North ad other regios. With NHS ad private care uder greater pressure (as explored i Chapter 2), this potetial souther bias i the provisio of charitable support could prove more of a cocer for ex- Service persoel i the future. However, our aalysis also shows that existig data about the geographical distributio of the armed forces commuity is poor, ad so is data about where armed forces charities actually spet their fuds. Better data ad uderstadig of where exactly the ex-service commuity is livig, ad where charitable resources ad support are give, is clearly paramout to be able to better assess (ad improve) the geographical correlatio of beefit versus eed. 152

171 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support The aalysis i this chapter has covered armed forces welfare charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. Therefore we caot draw ay coclusios about the relative share of support provided by additioal armed forces charities registered i Scotlad ad Norther Irelad. 5.4 REFERENCES Clarke, Jey, David Kae, Karl Wildig ad Peter Bass (2012), UK Civil Society Almaac 2012, Lodo, Natioal Coucil for Volutary Orgaisatios Lewis, Cath, Louise Holmes ad Alex Scott-Samuel (2013), Health eeds assessmet for ex-armed forces persoel aged uder 65, ad their families: Cheshire ad Merseyside, Liverpool Public Health Observatory report, o. 93 (March) istituteofpsychology/publichealthobservatory/93,health,eeds,assessmet,for,ex- Armed,Forces,persoel.pdf, accessed MOD (2014a), UK Armed Forces Quarterly Persoel Report 1 July 2014, govermet/uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/342818/quarterly-persoel- Report_july14_fial.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed: 14/08/2014 MOD (2014b), Quarterly Locatio Statistics (QLS): 1 July 2014, uploads/system/uploads/attachmet_data/file/345522/qls_jul_14.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 14/08/2014 MOD (2014c), UK Armed Forces Compesatio Scheme Biaual Statistics: 6 April 2005 to 31 March 2014, accessed 28/10/2014 MOD (2014d), War Pesio Scheme Aual Statistics 1 April 2008 to 31 March 2014, _War_Pesios_March2014.pdf, accessed 28/10/2014 ONS (2014), Itegrated Household Survey Questioaire Cotet Review 2014, Office for Natioal Statistics, accessed 28/10/2014 QAHH (2012), About Us [web page], Quee Alexadra Hospital Home, accessed 28/10/2014 RCH (2014), Admissios [web page], royalcambridgehome.org/admissios, Royal Cambridge Home for Soldiers Widows, accessed 28/10/2014 Royal Alfred (.d.), What We Do [web page], DesktopDefault.aspx, The Royal Alfred Seafarers Society, accessed 28/10/2014 Southampto City Coucil (2012), Veteras Health Needs Assessmet, Southampto 2012, Versio 1.0, Veteras %20Needs%20Assessmet%20May 12.pdf, Natioal Health Service, accessed 15/08/2014 St David s (2012), About Us [web page], St. David s Home for Disabled Ex-serviceme ad wome, accessed 28/10/

172 Sector isight: armed forces charities The geographical distributio of charitable support Star ad Garter (.d.), Our History, staradgarter.org/about-us/history, The Royal Star & Garter Homes, accessed 28/10/2014 TRBL ad Compass Partership (2014), A UK household survey of the ex-service Commuity i 2014, The Royal British Legio ad Compass Partership, [forthcomig publicatio] Veteras UK (.d.), War Pesios Scheme [web page], eligble_wdp.html, Miistry of Defece, accessed 28/10/

173 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities CHAPTER SIX The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities KEY OBSERVATIONS There are 239 registered armed forces charities that award grats to idividuals to relieve cases of eed, hardship or distress. Over half of them are beevolet charities coected to corps ad regimets of the British Army. Corps ad regimetal charities are the first port of call for British Army persoel, ex-service persoel ad depedats seekig grats. Payroll-givig cotributios from servig persoel via the Day s Pay Scheme are the major regular source of icome used to fiace corps ad regimetal beevolece. ABF The Soldiers Charity is the secod port of call for British Army persoel, ex-service persoel ad depedats. It works cetrally with all corps ad regimetal charities to provide the best deal for idividuals. The Royal Navy ad the Royal Air Force (RAF) have a less complex structure of charitable beevolet provisio. The largest aval beevolet charities are the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity ad the Royal Naval Beevolet Trust. The largest RAF beevolet orgaisatio is the RAF Beevolet Fud. I additio to beevolet charities of the Royal Navy, British Army ad RAF, there are 92 armed forces charities that may also award grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes. These iclude: tri-service charities that provide geeral eeds grats; tri-service charities that provide specialist eeds grats (such as for the wouded ad disabled); small local beevolet grat-makers; charities that provide beevolece ad/or educatioal bursaries for the childre ad depedats of Service, ex-service ad deceased Service persoel. The beevolet grat-makig process withi the armed forces charity sector appears to be highly coordiated ad flexible to respod to the particular eeds of every beeficiary. 155

174 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Caseworkers from SSAFA ad The Royal British Legio are key pillars of this system, almoisig (see 6.1.4) moey from a umber of differet charities if ecessary to fud a idividual s eeds. Over 40% of armed forces beevolet charities that make grats to idividuals i eed also give grats to other orgaisatios to cotribute towards the costs of welfare services such as care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio. 6.1 GRANTS TO INDIVIDUALS IN NEED Grats paid to idividuals to relieve eed, hardship or distress (i.e. beevolet grats) are the most commo form of welfare support provided by armed forces charities. A total of 239 registered orgaisatios award this type of grat. 1 However, it is importat to bear i mid that as explaied i Chapter 4 the total amout spet o beevolet grats represets a relatively small share of total charitable spedig withi the armed forces welfare charity sector (18%). The provisio of services such as housig, care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio services, metal health services, etc. takes the lio s share of the moey. Beevolet grats are available to all members of the armed forces commuity icludig: active service persoel (regular ad reservists) ad their depedats; ex-service persoel ad their depedats; ad bereaved families. However, the provisio of beevolet grats is orgaised i a rather decetralised fashio where differet orgaisatios provide for differet eeds ad/or take care of differet groups of beeficiaries British Army beevolet charities Corps ad regimetal beevolet charities For British Army persoel, ex-service persoel ad depedats, the first lie of beevolet support is provided by corps ad regimetal charities. Out of the 239 armed forces charities that provide beevolet grats to idividuals i eed, 128 are corps ad regimetal charities (54%). These charities are geerally admiistered by servig or retired members of the corps ad regimets, ad they geerally operate from corps ad regimetal headquarters; therefore, the admiistratio of these charities relies o public fudig i the form of doated facilities ad staff provided by the Miistry of Defece (MOD). Their icome, however, is self-geerated ad ot provided by the MOD. The major regular source of icome comes from the Day s Pay Scheme, a Army-wide payroll-givig system to which the majority of servig officers ad soldiers subscribe. 1 This icludes 130 welfare charities, 56 associatios ad 53 mixed-type charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. Classificatio data is ot available for charities registered i Scotlad oly. See Chapter 3 for further details. 156

175 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities There are 52 corps ad regimetal beevolet charities coected to curret ad former regimets of the Ifatry: 29 are coected to curret ad former Territorial Army regimets, 2 ad 15 are coected to Household Cavalry or Royal Armoured Corps regimets. Figure 6.1 Distributio of corps ad regimetal beevolet charities (Eglad ad Wales oly) Ifatry Territorial Army Household Cavalry ad Royal Armoured Corps Adjutat Geerals Corps Brigade of Gurkhas Royal Regimet of Artillery Special Forces (Army regimets) Corps of Royal Egieers The Royal Logistics Corps Wome's Royal Army Corps (DISBANDED) Royal Sigals Royal Electrical ad Mechaical Egieers Royal Army Medical Corps Royal Army Chaplais Departmet Royal Army Veteriary Corps Royal Army Detal Corps Army Physical Traiig Corps Corps of Army Music Quee Alexadra's Royal Army Nursig Corps Itelligece Corps Army Air Corps As of 1 September 2014, the Ifatry is composed of 16 regimets 3 ad all of them maage at least oe beevolet charity. Some Ifatry regimets have several beevolet fuds registered separately with the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales (CCEW). The Coldstream Guards regimet, for istace, has four beevolet fuds but it is importat to ote that they are joitly admiistered at regimetal headquarters i Welligto Barracks (Lodo). I that sese, they act i the same way as a sigle charity maagig four separate restricted fuds. 2 The Territorial Army is ow the Army Reserve. 3 Excludig the Royal Gurkha Rifles which is part of the Brigade of Gurkhas ad the Lodo Regimet which is a Army Reserve regimet. 157

176 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Example: Coldstream Guards beevolet fuds Coldstream Guards Charitable Fud (CC o ) This fud is used to provide assistace to all raks of the Coldstream Guards, both past ad preset, their wives, widows, childre ad other depedats.... The Trustees desigated moies raised from the 2008 appeal ad the 2009/10 wristbad appeal ito the Afghaista Fud. These fuds are for the beefit of Coldstreamers ad their families takig ito accout curret deploymets (CGRF 2012). Coldstream Guards Cosolidated War Fuds (CC o ) I 1983, several war fuds raised betwee the South Africa War ad the Secod World War were cosolidated ad are used to: relieve either geerally or idividually, warrat officers, o-commissioed officers ad me who serve or who have served i the Regimet who are i coditios of eed, hardship ad distress as a result of fulfillig their military fuctios i defece of the Realm ad their wives, widows ad other depedats likewise i eed by reaso of the death, ijury or disablemet of the said warrat officers, o-commissioed officers ad me (ibid.). Coloel C.S.O. Mock s Fud (CC o ) This fud is used for the beefit of old ad deservig Coldstreamers ad their families, for the purchase of Hospital ad a Covalescet Home ticket or tickets of the Surgical Aid Society for the beefit of Coldstreamers past ad preset, or for helpig the Cetral Fud of the Coldstreamers Associatio. Otherwise for the beefit of old ad deservig Coldstreamers past ad preset ad their childre ad widows (as stated i the charity s etry i the Register of Charities for Eglad ad Wales). Geeral Sir George Bowles Fud for Coldstream Guards (CC o ) This fud is used for the relief of the followig persos who are i coditios of eed, hardship or distress. Widows ad childre of soldiers of the Coldstream Guards who are i the service, wives ad families of soldiers actually servig i the said Regimet, ad widows ad childre of soldiers who formerly served i the said Regimet (as stated i the charity s etry i the Register of Charities for Eglad ad Wales). 158

177 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities The regimetal structure of the Ifatry has bee subject to repeated ad substatial chage sice the Secod World War, ad these chages have had a marked impact upo the evolvig ladscape of regimetal beevolet charities. While the Ifatry today has 16 regimets, this research has idetified at least 83 predecessor regimets (ow amalgamated or disbaded) which were i active service at some poit betwee the 1950s ad 2007 the year whe the ewest Ifatry regimets such as The Rifles ad Mercia Regimet came ito beig. Example: The Pricess of Wales s Royal Regimet ad its predecessors The Pricess of Wales s Royal Regimet (PWRR) is a curret Ifatry regimet that was created i 1992 through the amalgamatio of two predecessors regimets: the Royal Hampshire Regimet (i active service betwee 1881 ad 1992) ad the Quee s Regimet (i active service betwee 1966 ad 1992). The Quee s Regimet was i tur the result of previous amalgamatios. I total, there had bee te predecessor regimets sice the Secod World War whose lieage is carried o by PWRR: Royal Hampshire Regimet ( ) The Pricess of Wales s Royal Regimet Quee s Regimet ( ) Royal Sussex Regimet ( ) Middlesex Regimet ( ) Quee s Royal Surrey Regimet ( ) Quee s Royal Regimet (West Surrey) ( ) East Surrey Regimet ( ) Quee s Ow Buffs, Royal Ket Regimet ( ) Royal East Ket Regimet The Buffs ( ) Quee s Ow Royal West Ket Regimet ( ) 159

178 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities At preset, there are 31 registered beevolet charities coected to the 16 curret regimets of the Ifatry, plus 21 beevolet charities that were established i coectio with former Ifatry regimets ad are still i operatio. A example is The Staffordshire Regimet (The Price of Wales s) Regimetal Charity (CC o ), which was registered with CCEW i The Staffordshire Regimet saw active service betwee 1959 ad 2007, whe it was amalgamated ito the Mercia Regimet. Accordig to Charity Commissio records, the charity is still active ad supplies fiacial support for ex-service ad servig soldiers of the regimet. It also assists with maiteace of their regimetal museum ad the publicatio of a aual regimetal joural. Other examples iclude the Royal Norfolk Regimet Associatio Fud (CC o ) ad the Suffolk Regimet Old Comrades Associatio (CC o ). The Royal Norfolk Regimet ad the Suffolk Regimet were amalgamated ito the 1st East Aglia Regimet i 1959, ad through a further amalgamatio i 1964 their lieage is ow carried o by the Royal Aglia Regimet. The two charities remai active ad, o top of orgaisig associatioal activities, they still may provide some beevolet support to ex-service persoel of the old regimets ad those who serve or served i successor regimets. Although charities coected to former British Army regimets may remai active for years, eve decades, after their regimet has ceased to exist; their icome is substatially reduced i the years followig amalgamatio ad may of them will evetually merge or die out. This is due to beevolece resposibilities beig automatically passed o to the ew successor regimet followig amalgamatio. Ideed, the average icome of charities coected to former Ifatry regimets was 10,000 i 2012, as opposed to a average of 334,000 for the group of charities coected to curret Ifatry regimets. I this regard, it is importat to ote that the primary regular source of icome that fiaces corps ad regimetal beevolece are the volutary cotributios of servig persoel who subscribe to the payroll-givig system kow as the Day s Pay Scheme. I accordace with Quee s Regulatios for the Army: All soldiers may subscribe volutarily to a regimetal associatio as part of the Day s Pay Scheme, provided that the presidet ad treasurer of the associatio are commissioed officers o the active or retired list, that the associatio is of a o political character ad that a miimum of half of the icome is devoted to the beevolet assistace of reservists, ex soldiers ad their families i eed. MOD 1976 Whe a regimet is amalgamated, their coected beevolet charities lose Day s Pay Scheme cotributios from servig persoel i favour of the successor regimet. The ew regimet will establish a ew beevolet charity ad it will provide beevolet assistace to members of the ew regimet as well as members of the predecessor regimets. 160

179 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Example: The Rifles I 2007, The Rifles regimet came ito beig after the amalgamatio of four predecessor Ifatry regimets. Takig ito accout previous amalgamatios, The Rifles is ow the successor regimet of a total of 19 predecessor regimets sice the Secod World War, icludig: Devoshire ad Dorset Light Ifatry ( ) Devoshire Regimet ( ) Dorset Regimet ( ) Kig s Royal Rifle Corps ( ) Royal Gree Jackets ( ) Rifle Brigade ( ) The Rifles Light Ifatry ( ) Oxfordshire ad Buckighamshire Light Ifatry ( ) Somerset ad Corwall Light Ifatry ( ) Kig s Ow Yorkshire Light Ifatry ( ) Kig s Shropshire Light Ifatry ( ) Somerset Light Ifatry ( ) Duke of Corwall s Light Ifatry ( ) Durham Light Ifatry ( ) Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire ad Wiltshire Light Ifatry ( ) Gloucestershire Regimet ( ) Duke of Ediburgh s Royal Regimet ( ) Royal Berkshire Regimet ( ) Wiltshire Regimet ( ) Although there are yet seve registered charities which may provide some beevolet support coected to the atecedet regimets of The Rifles, the bulk of beevolet provisio is carried out by the two charities of the ew regimet which collect ad maage Day s Pay Scheme cotributios from servig members of the regimet: 161

180 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities The Rifles Regimetal Trust (CC o ); The Rifles Beevolet Trust (CC o ). As explaied i The Rifles Regimetal Trust s accouts, the major regular source of icome to the Charity is from Regimetal Subscriptios (the Day s Pay Scheme) i which the majority of officers ad soldiers throughout the Regimet participate. All icome is received ito The Rifles Regimetal Trust with 51% of the basic icome the beig passed to The Rifles Beevolet Trust [to be used for beevolet purposes]. The balace is retaied by The Rifles Regimetal Trust, which is able to make grats to The Rifles Beevolet Trust as required (Rifles 2012, p. 3). The Rifles Regimetal Trust retais 49% of Day s Pay Scheme icome to be used for a wide variety of purposes with the ultimate goal of promotig the efficiecy of the Regimet ad to support such other charitable purposes coected with the Regimet or the Formig Regimets as the Trustees may decide. For istace, the Trust allocates a aual block grat to the regular battalios of the regimet to help towards all ormal activities of the battalio. A percetage of these grats must be expeded o Adveturous Traiig (ibid. pp. 3 ad 6). Whe charities coected to predecessor regimets stop receivig Day s Pay Scheme cotributios, may of them decide to trasfer all their fuds to the successor charity. If they wish, these trasferred fuds ca be held by the ew charity as restricted fuds ad used to provide for the eeds of members of the old regimets oly. Example: The Rifles As explaied i The Rifles Regimetal Trust s aual report, whe the charity was established i 2007, the Formig Regimets were ecouraged to trasfer ito the Trust as much as possible of the moey that they were previously maagig Furthermore, Fuds ca be rig feced i Restricted Fuds for specific purposes, icludig, for example, the ogoig maagemet of Former Regimet associatios (ibid. p. 2). Some charities coected to former regimets decide, however, that it is i the best iterest of their beeficiaries to cotiue operatig ad maagig their ow fuds i spite of ot receivig Day s Pay Scheme cotributios ay more. This is the reaso why there are still 21 registered charities (with a average icome of 10,000) coected to former regimets of the Ifatry. While 21 may seem a large umber of charities, it is actually a relatively small umber cosiderig that at least 83 Ifatry regimets have bee amalgamated or disbaded sice the Secod World War. These umbers suggest that the geeral tred is for regimetal charities to merge with their successors whe their ow regimets cease to exist. 162

181 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Similar to the Ifatry, the regimets of the Household Cavalry ad the Royal Armoured Corps also maage their ow beevolet fuds ad Day s Pay Scheme cotributios. I their case, however, o registered beevolet charities remai i operatio that were coected to predecessor regimets. They have a total of 15 beevolet charities ad all of them are coected to oe or several of the 11 active regimets that compose the Household Cavalry ad Royal Armoured Corps. 4 The rest of the British Army operates a more cetralised system of beevolet provisio. Table 6.1 lists corps that each have a sigle beevolet charity registered with CCEW. Table 6.1 Corps with a registered beevolet fud Corps I active service sice Beevolet charity Royal Army Chaplais Departmet 1796 Royal Army Chaplais Departmet Associatio (CC o ) Royal Army Veteriary Corps 1796 RAVC Welfare ad Beevolet Fud (CC o ) Royal Army Physical Traiig Corps 1860 Royal Army Physical Traiig Corps Associatio (CC o ) Royal Army Medical Corps 1898 RAMC Charity (CC o ) Quee Alexadra s Royal Army Nursig Corps (QARANC) 1902 Quee Alexadra s Royal Army Nursig Corps Associatio (CC o ) Itelligece Corps ; 1940 preset Itelligece Corps Charity (CC o ) Royal Corps of Sigals 1920 Royal Corps of Sigals Beevolet Fud (CC o ) Royal Army Detal Corps 1921 Royal Army Detal Corps Associatio (CC o ) Corps of Royal Electrical ad Mechaical Egieers (REME) 1942 Royal Electrical ad Mechaical Egieers Beevolet Fud (CC o ) Army Air Corps 1957 Army Air Corps Fud (CC o ) Corps of Army Music 1994 Corps of Army Music Trust (CC o ) 4 Excludig four Army Reserve regimets: the Quee s Ow Yeomary, the Royal Yeomary, the Royal Wessex Yeomary ad the Scottish ad North Irish Yeomary. 163

182 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities The Royal Regimet of Artillery, the Corps of Royal Egieers, the Brigade of Gurkhas ad the Royal Logistic Corps also have oe cetral beevolet charity; but there are other small beevolet fuds coected to them registered with CCEW. Oe example is the Samarita Fud of the Royal Egieers Officers Widows Society (CC o ), with a icome of 18,000 i the year eded 31/12/2012. Table 6.2 Corps with a registered beevolet fud with coected smaller beevolet fuds Corps I active service sice Beevolet charity Royal Regimet of Artillery 1716 Royal Artillery Charitable Fud (CC o ) Corps of Royal Egieers 1717 Royal Egieers Associatio (CC o ) Brigade of Gurkhas 1948 Gurkha Welfare Trust (CC o ) Royal Logistic Corps 1993 Royal Logistic Corps Associatio Trust (CC o ) The Adjutat Geeral s Corps, resposible for the British Army s geeral admiistrative services, has five associated beevolet charities. The Adjutat Geeral s Corps Regimetal Associatio (CC o ) is the mai oe ad provides for all members of the Adjutat Geeral s Corps. However, there are also four beevolet charities coected to predecessor corps that were amalgamated ito the Adjutat Geeral s Corps whe it was created i 1992: the Military Provost Staff Corps, the Corps of Royal Military Police, the Royal Army Educatioal Corps ad the Royal Army Pay Corps. Besides these, there are three beevolet charities coected to British Army Special Forces regimets, ad oe beevolet charity coected to the Wome s Royal Army Corps (WRAC). The WRAC was the wome s brach of the British Army betwee 1949 ad 1992, the year whe the WRAC was disbaded ad its members were trasferred ito appropriate uits of the British Army. There are also 29 beevolet charities (see figure 6.2) coected to both former ad curret regimets of the Territorial Army, ow reamed the Army Reserve. Two of them are coected to curret Yeomary regimets of the Royal Armoured Corps ad 17 are coected to former Yeomary regimets which were reduced to squadro stregth i the late 1960s ad merged ito larger regimets. 164

183 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities As explaied i the aual report of the Yeomary Beevolet Fud (CC o ): Yeomary history begis with the Frech declaratio of war i whe the British Govermet realised that the regular forces of the Crow would be iadequate to resist a Frech ivasio. A o-regular or voluteer force was advocated ad i 1794 Parliamet passed a Act which regulated the raisig of voluteer corps... of both cavalry ad ifatry. Ifatry voluteers were draw maily from the raks of the uskilled workers, while cavalry recruits came from ladowers, farmers ad tradesme, ad were thus styled Yeomary.... [By 1920] oly fourtee Yeomary regimets were required as cavalry. The remaider were offered the choice of becomig artillery (with the attractio that they still used horses), or armoured car compaies, or to re-role as sigal regimets... I the major reorgaisatio of 1967 may of the survivig regimets were reduced to squadro stregth ad merged ito ew regimets. YBF 2013, pp. 1 2 At preset, there are four large Yeomary regimets which are part of the Royal Armoured Corps. May squadros withi those regimets still preserve the title of their predecessor Yeomary regimets. There are also Yeomary squadros curretly servig i the Royal Corps of Sigals. Figure 6.2 Territorial Army regimetal beevolet charities 2 1 Yeomary regimets 4 Lodo Regimet (Ifatry) 3 19 Other Ifatry Other Royal Regimet of Artillery Other Royal Corps of Sigals Beevolet charities liked to Territorial Army regimets (ow the Army Reserve) are fairly small. Their average icome i the year 2012 was 14,000, excludig the Hoourable Artillery Compay which is a uique case. It is importat to uderstad that reservists do ot participate i the Army-wide system of the Day s Pay Scheme, although they have the same rights to beevolece as their regular couterparts from the corps ad regimetal beevolet charities to which their uits are affiliated. It is also importat to uderstad that reservists ca (ad may do) cotribute fiacially to the beevolet system through volutary doatios outside the Day s Pay Scheme system. 165

184 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities The Hoourable Artillery Compay: a uique case As explaied o the charity s website, the Hoourable Artillery Compay has bee a regimet of the Territorial Army sice 1908 ad the Miistry of Defece is etirely resposible for traiig, equippig ad... housig the Regimet, although much of the Compay s charitable fudig goes towards supportig the Regimet i areas where public moey is scarce or uavailable. The Hoourable Artillery Compay s charitable activities iclude the maagemet of a beevolet fud for members or former members of the Compay who are i eed, ad their depedats. It is a uique Territorial Army charity because it ows valuable estates ad property which allows the charity to operate o a differet fiacial model compared with other Territorial Army charities, ad to geerate a much higher level of icome. The charity ows property i Lodo ad Wales. The Lodo Estate has bee occupied by the Hoourable Artillery Compay sice 1641 ad it comprises the Armoury House (home of the Compay ad of the Regimet) ad the grouds to the south of the House which are kow as the Artillery Garde. Through tradig subsidiary compaies, the charity udertakes commercial activities such as veue hire services i the Armoury House for corporate evets or weddig receptios. Icome from tradig subsidiaries amouted to a total of 2.29 millio i the year eded 31/10/2012. Additioally, the charity geerated 1.13 millio ivestmet property icome ABF The Soldiers Charity ad the Army Depedats Trust Secod-lie beevolet support to British Army persoel, ex-service persoel ad their families is provided by ABF The Soldiers Charity (formerly kow as the Army Beevolet Fud): If the Regimets ad Corps are the frot lie of Army beevolece support, the ABF The Soldiers Charity is the backboe, providig vital fiacial support to Regimets ad Corps, delivery charities ad the wider Army family (ABF 2014, p. 1). ABF The Soldiers charity works i liaiso with corps ad regimetal charities ad other beevolet orgaisatios ad provides them with fiacial assistace to help meet the costs of idividual beevolet cases ivolvig members of the British Army commuity. (It also gives grats to other charities ad specialist orgaisatios to support the welfare of soldiers, ex-soldiers ad their families). The Army Depedats Trust is also a importat compoet of the British Army beevolet ifrastructure. It provides immediate relief grats to depedats (or ext of ki) of deceased British Army persoel who die from whatever cause. Ay surplus icome that is ot required for this purpose is trasferred to ABF The Soldiers charity for its geeral purposes. 166

185 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Royal Navy, Royal Maries ad RAF beevolet charities The Royal Navy (icludig the Royal Maries) ad the RAF have a less complex structure tha the British Army ad this traslates ito a less complex orgaisatioal structure for beevolece support as well. The largest charities providig beevolet grats ad support to the Royal Navy ad RAF commuities are show i tables 6.3 to 6.5. Table 6.3 Royal Navy (icludig Royal Maries) beevolet charities Icome 2012 Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Charity (CC o ) 7,389,668 Royal Naval Beevolet Trust (Grad Fleet ad Kidred Fuds) (CC o ) 5,318,263 Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Childre s Fud (CC o ) 1,270,833 Royal Naval Beevolet Society for Officers (CC o ) 491,609 Table 6.4 Royal Maries (oly) beevolet charities Icome 2012 Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud (CC o ) 3,050,340 Royal Maries Associatio (CC o ) 744,467 Table 6.5 RAF beevolet charities Icome 2012 Royal Air Force Beevolet Fud (CC o ) 17,301,000 Royal Air Forces Associatio Corporate Body (CC o ) 9,484,000 Royal Air Force Depedats Fud (CC o ) 318,

186 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities There are also three beevolet charities coected to specific services withi the Royal Navy, the Royal Maries ad the RAF. These are the Quee Alexadra s Royal Naval Nursig Service Associatio (CC o ), the Special Boat Service Associatio (CC o ) ad the Pricess Mary s Royal Air Force Nursig Service Trust (CC o ). There is also oe beevolet charity coected to the disbaded Wome s Royal Naval Service (whose members were popularly kow as Wres). This was the wome s brach of the Royal Navy util November 1993, whe it was itegrated ito the Royal Navy. Besides these, there is oe beevolet fud for Royal Naval Reserves ad two beevolet fuds for World War Two veteras who served i the Royal Naval Patrol Service ad the Royal Observer Corps (both were disbaded after the war) Other beevolet charities I additio to beevolet charities of the Royal Navy, British Army ad RAF; there are 92 armed forces charities that may also award grats to idividuals for relief-i-eed purposes. These iclude: tri-service charities that provide geeral eeds beevolet grats, such as The Royal British Legio, the Royal Commowealth Ex-Services League, the Officers Associatio ad SSAFA; tri-service charities that provide specialist eeds beevolet grats such as Help for Heroes (grats for the wouded, ijured ad disabled) ad Blid Veteras UK (grats for blid or severely impaired ex-service persoel); small local grat-makers such as the Cambridge Fud for Old ad Disabled Soldiers, the Mayor of Pedle s War Beevolet Fud or the Luto War Memorial Fud; charities that provide beevolece ad/or educatioal bursaries for the childre ad depedats of servig, ex-service ad deceased service persoel, such as the Royal Caledoia Educatio Trust ad the Explora Scholarship Fud. These also iclude a umber of beevolet grat-makers servig the eeds of very specific groups of beeficiaries. For istace: The Surplus Fud of the Royal Navy Club (CC o ) provides relief-i-eed grats to provide fiacial assistace to eedy widows, widowers, orphaed childre, sibligs ad depedats of former members of the Royal Navy Club of 1765 ad 1785 (Uited 1889). (RNC 2013, p. 4). The Chidits Old Comrades Associatio Welfare Fud awards beevolet grats to members of the associatio who are i eed. Members are ex-service persoel who served with the Chidit Forces durig the Burma Campaig i the Secod World War. The Commados Beevolet Fud provides fiacial assistace to ex-army Commados ad their depedats. As explaied o the charity s website, Army Commados were disbaded at the ed of the Secod World War ad service with ay other [post-war] Commado groups does ot etitle people to help uder the Commado Beevolet Fud s charity charter (CBF.d.). 168

187 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Figure 6.3 Other beevolet grat-makers, by type Beevolece ad/or educatioal bursaries for depedats Geeral relief-ieed purposes Specialist eeds Local beevolet grat-makers Other Iterestigly, 27 of these 92 other beevolet grat-makers show i figure 6.3 started operatig after This was the year whe Help for Heroes was lauched, rapidly becomig oe of the largest ad most successful fudraisig charities i the sector. Help for Heroes focuses its charitable activities o servig the eeds of wouded, ijured ad sick persoel ad ex-service persoel as a result of recet coflicts i the theatres of war of Iraq ad Afghaista. The eeds of the wouded, ijured ad sick ad those with physical ad metal health eeds are also the focus for may charities that were established after It seems that public awareess of the issues faced by ex-service persoel ijured i Iraq ad Afghaista has led to the emergece of ew charities for them i the last few years. Figure 6.4 Specialist eeds beevolet grat-makers, by type For housig 4 For educatio ad re-traiig 14 For the wouded, ijured ad disabled 169

188 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Noe of them, however, have achieved the success of Help for Heroes, which raised over 40 millio i The combied icome of all other grat-makig charities established after 2007 was 2 millio. Other tha Help for Heroes, the most successful fudraiser i this group is Walkig With The Wouded ( 1.2 millio icome i 2012) How does the beevolet grat-makig system work for the beeficiary? Although there are a total of 239 armed forces charities which may be able to provide beevolet grats to idividuals i the cotext of a highly decetralised maagemet of fuds, the grat-makig process appears to be highly coordiated ad flexible to respod to the particular eeds of every beeficiary. Very few charities deal directly with the casework (the formal assessmet of eed) ad ultimately the idividual is likely to receive a grat, i oe sigle paymet, that has bee partially fuded by a umber of differet charities. 5 The process of sourcig ad combiig fuds from differet beevolet orgaisatios to pay them as a sigle grat to the beeficiary is kow i the armed forces charity sector as almoisatio. The Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud (CC o ) explais o its website how this system works i geeral ad how it applies to the Fud: The Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud works closely with other charities particularly i the field of beevolece. It relies o Case Worker reports from the Royal British Legio or SSAFA which idetify the scale of eed. It the cotributes to resolvig the issues usually with support from orgaisatios such as The Royal British Legio, Royal Naval Beevolet Trust, the Royal Navy Officers Charity, the Royal Navy ad Royal Maries Childre s Fud or other more specialised charities depedig o the ature of the case a process kow as almoisatio... I cases where other charities are uable to help, the Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud will try to meet the eed i its etirety from its ow resources. RMCTF 2014 Caseworkers from SSAFA ad The Royal British Legio are key pillars i the ifrastructure of beevolet support available to the armed forces commuity. They are usually the oes who directly iteract with the idividual, visitig applicats ad assessig the ature ad scale of eed. Other armed forces charities such as the Officers Associatio or the Royal Commowealth Ex-Services League are also able to carry out casework for their beeficiaries (i.e. officers of the armed forces ad ex-service persoel from Commowealth coutries other tha the UK). Oce the ature ad scale of eed has bee assessed, caseworkers will help beeficiaries to access the right assistace, which may or may ot iclude fiacial assistace i the form of a beevolet grat fuded by differet orgaisatios (icludig, i some istaces, fuds from the caseworkig agecy s ow resources) Further research would be required to assess the effectiveess of the grat-makig process. For istace: how log it takes for applicatios to be processed ad what the recipiets views of the process are.

189 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities As explaied i SSAFA s aual report (CC o ): The delivery of casework remais the prime purpose of our Brach etwork of 6,239 voluteers, of which we have 4,229 traied caseworkers.... Durig the year, our traied voluteers coducted 40,645 cases ad visits across the UK, Irelad, Frace, Germay ad Cyprus, eablig us to deliver practical, fiacial ad emotioal support... Of our cases i 2012, 17,873 received fiacial assistace. A total of 12,772,419 was paid out i idividual grats from beevolet fuds. SSAFA 2012 The etry poit to the system of beevolece is ot ecessarily a caseworkig agecy, however. Whe a idividual or family uit fid themselves i eed, they may seek assistace through their associatio (whe they are members of oe), their regimetal secretary, or welfare officer i the case of British Army persoel. If they are still i active service, they may seek assistace through the chai of commad or via their uit welfare officer. Other armed forces charities ad civilia charities as well as public services may also idetify cases of eed. Regardless of how cases are idetified, it is likely for them to be referred to a SSAFA or Royal British Legio caseworker who will coduct a assessmet of eed. I a report about the Royal Artillery Charitable Fud (RACF), Lieuteat Coloel I. A. Vere Nicoll MBE explais that: Cases were oce referred to the RACF by members of the Royal Artillery Associatio but ow come from maily the Soldiers, Sailors ad Air Force Associatio (SSAFA), The Royal British Legio (RBL), the Officers Associatio ad the Royal Commowealth Ex-Services League (RCEL). All of whom have traied staff that ca assess eeds ad requiremets ad ca arrage for our beevolece to be spet appropriately. RAA Members ca ad do still idetify those i eed but the RACF the tasks oe of the agecies to iterview the potetial beeficiary ad asses the eed. Much work is also spet i almoisig fuds from other charities to icrease the grat give to the eedy. Vere Nicoll.d. The agecy that carries out all the casework be it SSAFA, The Royal British Legio or other welfare agecy is commoly referred to as the sposorig orgaisatio. This orgaisatio will ormally be the oe receivig fuds from other charities ad orgaisatios as part of the process of almoisatio. It will also be the oe makig the fial sigle paymet to the idividual. This is the reaso why, out of a total grats expediture of millio icurred by SSAFA i 2012, more tha 12 millio was give to SSAFA by other beevolet fuds ad orgaisatios for the beefit of idividuals i eed. 171

190 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities Figure 6.5 How does the beevolet grat-makig system work for the idividual? Potetial etry poit Associatio (paret charity or local brach) Corps or regimetal secretary/welfare officer (British Army oly) Chai of commad/ Uit welfare officer (servig persoel oly) Other armed forces ad civilia charities Public welfare agecies Casework agecies SSAFA Royal British Legio Officers Associatio (officers oly) Royal Commowealth Ex-Services League (o-uk Commowealth residets oly) Sourcig of fuds (almoisatio) Tri-service beevolet charities Specialist eeds beevolet charities Local beevolet charities Corps or regimetal beevolet charities ABF The Soldiers Charity Naval beevolet charities RAF beevolet charities 172

191 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities 6.2 GRANTS TO ORGANISATIONS There are 105 beevolet charities that make grats to idividuals i eed which also award grats to other orgaisatios to cotribute towards the costs of welfare services such as care homes, healthcare ad rehabilitatio ad so o. 6 Examples iclude The Royal British Legio, Help for Heroes, the RAF Beevolet Fud ad ABF The Soldiers Charity. I additio, 38 armed forces charities make grats to other orgaisatios to support the provisio of welfare services to the armed forces commuity but do ot award idividual beevolet grats. 7 Examples iclude: Quee Mary s Roehampto Trust (CC o ): as stated i the Register of Charities for Eglad ad Wales etry, this charity makes grats to orgaisatios which provide services for war disabled ex-service persoel (ad former members of the mercatile marie disabled i war) ad their depedats. Aldershot Church of Eglad Services Trust (CC o ): Grats are mostly give to armed forces establishmets ad other orgaisatios for the beefit of servig persoel ad their immediate families. However, Where Trust fuds have bee available grats have bee made to projects helpig servig ad ex-service persoel... such as Royal Star & Garter Home, Richmod, ad Blid Veteras UK... Recetly, the Trustees have bee pleased to support the creatio of a therapeutic garde ad a vegetable garde for Combat Stress at their treatmet cetre i Leatherhead (ACEST 2014). 6.3 REFERENCES ABF (2014), Three-year Strategy Framework , corporate-files/abftsc_2014_17_strategy.pdf, ABF The Soldiers Charity, accessed: 24/09/2014 ACEST (2014), Moder-Day Trust [web page], acest.org.uk/idex/moderdaytrust.html, Aldershot Church of Eglad Services Trust, accessed 16/10/2014 CBF (.d.), Who qualifies for help? [web page], commadosbeevoletfud.org.uk/whoqualifies-for-help.html, The Commados Beevolet Fud, accessed 16/10/2014 CGRF (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 30 September 2012, Lodo, Coldstream Guards Charitable Fud MOD (1976), The Quee s Regulatios for the Army 1975, Lodo, The Statioery Office Rifles (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Wichester, RHQ The Rifles RMCTF (2014), Related Charities [web page], The Royal Maries Charitable Trust Fud, accessed 16/10/ This icludes 50 welfare charities, 24 associatios ad 31 mixed-type charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. Classificatio data is ot available for charities registered i Scotlad oly. See Chapter 3 for further details. 7 This icludes 23 welfare charities, 3 associatios ad 12 mixed-type charities registered i Eglad ad Wales. Classificatio data is ot available for charities registered i Scotlad oly. See Chapter 3 for further details. 173

192 Sector isight: armed forces charities The grat-makig practices of UK armed forces charities RNC (2013), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 March 2013, RNAS Yeovilto, The Royal Navy Club of 1765 ad 1785 (Uited 1889) Surplus Fud SSAFA (2012), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 December 2012, Lodo, Soldiers, Sailors, Airme ad Families Associatio Vere Nicoll (.d.), Guer Welfare Charities, _RACF_Wirig_Diagram_ad_History_RAA.pdf, Miistry of Defece, accessed 16/10/2014 YBF (2013), aual report ad accouts for the year eded 31 May 2013, Lodo, Yeomary Beevolet Fud Note: All aual reports ad accouts are accessible from the Charity Commissio for Eglad ad Wales. 174

193 Sector isight: armed forces charities The last word: key isights from the research CHAPTER SEVEN The last word: key isights from the research I this chapter we aalyse the myths ad truths of the UK armed forces charity sector, examie its curret fiacial health, its distictiveess i the cotext of the UK charity sector as a whole ad explore the challeges armed forces charities face i the future. 7.1 ARE PERCEPTIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES CHARITY SECTOR GROUNDED IN EVIDENCE? There appear to be a umber of myths surroudig the armed forces charity sector which will be explored i this chapter. These are that: 1 there are too may armed forces charities; 1 2 ew etrats ito the sector have created uwarrated competitio ad have take icome away from more established charities; 2 3 there is little or o coordiatio i the sector. 3 The summary fidigs of our research surroudig these assumptios are as follows: 1 Claims about there beig too may charities are partly drive by a lack of uderstadig of the huge diversity of armed forces charities operatig i the sector. These claims have also bee boosted by a perceptio that the armed forces charity sector has udergoe a large expasio i recet years. Our research shows that the armed forces charity sector has actually cotracted over the last few years. While it is true that a umber of ew armed forces charities have bee established sice 2008, the icrease has bee offset by a larger umber of closures (some of which have resulted from mergers ad other ratioalisatio efforts of pre-existig provisio). 2 New etrats ito the sector are havig a geerally positive effect o the armed forces charity sector, creatig ew growth which beefits the sector as a whole, 3 The armed forces charity sector shows greater collaboratio ad coordiatio tha other charitable sub-sectors we have examied for this research. I particular, the beevolet grat-makig process withi the armed forces charity sector appears to be highly coordiated ad flexible i respodig to the particular eeds of every beeficiaries. The evidece for these fidigs is outlied i the followig sectios. 1 See, for istace, may_armed_forces_charities 2 See, for istace, 3 See, for istace, 175